Bolesław III "Krzywousty"

• Preferred Name: Bolesław III "Krzywousty"^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]}
  
• Alternate Name: Piast
  
• Gender: M
  
• Christening: in Pologne at LATI: N2 LONG: E0
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Ksiażę
  
• Birth: 20 AUG 1086 in Płock County, Mazowieckie, Poland at LATI: N2.5809 LONG: E9.867
  
• Death: 28 OCT 1138 in Mazowieckie, Poland at LATI: N2.3 LONG: E1.1
  
• FSID: MQBD-YLM
  
• Burial: après 28 octobre 1138 in Płock, Powiat płocki, Mazowieckie, Pologne at LATI: N2.5478 LONG: E9.7088
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  książę małopolski, śląski i sandomierski w latach 1102–1107, książę Polski w latach 1107–1138. Pochodził z dynastii Piastów, był synem Władysława I Hermana i Judyty czeskiej, córki króla Czech Wratysława II, oraz ojcem książąt: Władysława II Wygnańca, Bolesława IV Kędzierzawego, Mieszka III Starego, Henryka Sandomierskiego i Kazimierza II Sprawiedliwego.
  Bolesław rozpoczął panowanie w latach 90. XI wieku, gdy władza centralna w Księstwie Polskim znacznie osłabła. Władysław Herman podzielił swoje księstwo, pozostawiając sobie formalnie władzę zwierzchnią, lecz realnie popadł w zależność polityczną od swojego palatyna, Sieciecha. Bolesław i jego brat Zbigniew po kilkuletnich walkach w 1101 wygnali z kraju komesa wspieranego przez Hermana. Po śmierci Władysława w 1102 powstały dwa niezależne organizmy państwowe, podległe Bolesławowi i Zbigniewowi.
  Dążenie Bolesława do zdobycia Pomorza wywołało konflikt zbrojny między braćmi, w którego następstwie Zbigniew musiał uchodzić z kraju i szukać pomocy militarnej na dworze niemieckim. Bolesław skutecznie odparł zbrojną interwencję króla niemieckiego Henryka V w 1109 i ukarał Zbigniewa oślepieniem, wskutek którego zmarł. Wymierzona bratu kara wywołała oburzenie wśród zwolenników Zbigniewa, czego następstwem był kryzys polityczny w Polsce. Krzywousty zażegnał go, odprawił publiczną pokutę i odbył pielgrzymkę do klasztoru swego patrona, św. Idziego, na Węgrzech.
  Bolesław układał się z Rusią i Węgrami w celu zerwania zależności politycznej od Niemiec i ich wasala, króla Czech, któremu Polska w momentach słabości politycznych była zmuszona do płacenia daniny ze Śląska. Zawarte na wschodzie sojusze pozwoliły księciu polskiemu skutecznie obronić państwo przed najazdem Henryka V w 1109. Kilka lat później, umiejętnie wykorzystując spory dynastyczne w Czechach, Bolesław zdołał zapewnić pokój na granicy południowo-zachodniej.
  Drugą połowę rządów Bolesław poświęcił na podbój Pomorza. W początkowym okresie samodzielnego panowania w Księstwie Polskim granica północna, przebiegająca wzdłuż rzek Warty i Noteci, nie stanowiła dostatecznej ochrony państwa. W 1113 Bolesław, opanowując północne twierdze wzdłuż Noteci, umocnił granicę z Pomorzanami. W kolejnych latach książę przedsięwziął kroki w kierunku podboju Pomorza. Zażegnanie konfliktów ze Świętym Cesarstwem Rzymskim umożliwiło Bolesławowi wcielenie do Księstwa Pomorza Gdańskiego i podporządkowanie Pomorza Zachodniego. Wyprawy wojenne Bolesława, prowadzone w trzech etapach, zakończyły się w latach 20. XII w. militarnym i politycznym sukcesem. Integrację nowo przyłączonych terenów z pozostałymi ziemiami Bolesława Krzywoustego miała umożliwić chrystianizacja Pomorza i organizacja na tych terenach struktur kościelnych.
  W latach 30. XII w. Bolesław uwikłał się w spór dynastyczny na Węgrzech. Przegrał z koalicją procesarską i został zmuszony do układów z Niemcami. W 1135 doszło do zjazdu w Merseburgu, na którym poruszono kwestię Pomorza, Śląska (prawdopodobnie także Polski) i ówczesnego zwierzchnictwa arcybiskupstwa magdeburskiego nad Kościołem w Polsce.
  Bolesław był żonaty dwa razy. Małżeństwo z Rusinką, Zbysławą, dawało mu pretekst do interwencji zbrojnej w sprawy wewnętrzne rozbitej dzielnicowo Rusi. Po śmierci Zbysławy Bolesław ożenił się z Niemką, Salomeą, co poniekąd było przyczyną zmiany w polityce zagranicznej Polski: w drugiej połowie swoich rządów książę dążył do odbudowania stosunków dyplomatycznych z zachodnim sąsiadem[2]. Swoim testamentem Bolesław określił zasady dziedziczenia i sprawowania władzy w państwie po swojej śmierci, czym zapoczątkował rozbicie dzielnicowe Polski.
  
  Boleslaw III Wrymouth (also known as Boleslaus III the Wry-mouthed, Polish: Boleslaw III Krzywousty) (20 August 1086 -28 October 1138)
  Boleslaw III Wrymouth (also known as Boleslaus III the Wry-mouthed, Polish: Boleslaw III Krzywousty) (20 August 1086 -28 October 1138), was a Duke of Lesser Poland, Silesia and Sandomierz between 1102
  
  === Reference 3 ===
  Lord of Breslaw, Cracow and Stntomia. Extended the boundaries of the kingdom in wars with Pomerania and the Holy Roman Empire, defeating the Emperors Henry V and Lothair II.
  
  === Reference 4 ===
  Herr von Breslau, Krakau u. Sentomir 1093, Kg. von Polen 1102
  
  === Boleslaw III Wrymouth of Poland, Duke of ===
  Boleslaw III Wrymouth of Poland, Duke of Poland Born: 1084 Acceded: 1102 Died: 28 OCT 1138 Notes: See Europäisch Stammtafeln Bund II tafel 83. Father: , Wladyslaw I (Herman) of Poland, Duke of Poland, b. 1043 Married 1103 to , Sbislava of Kiev Child 1: , Wladyslaw II the Exile of Cracow, Duke of Cracow, b. 1105 Child 2: , Agnes of Poland, b. 1137 Married to Berg-Schelklingen, Salome of Child 3: , Boleslaw IV of Cracow, Duke of Cracow Child 4: , Mieszko III the Elder of Cracow, Duke of Cracow, b. 1126 Child 5: , Casimir II the Just of Cracow, Duke of Cracow, b. 1138 Child 6: , Richza of Poland, b. 12 APR 1116
  
  === Reference 1 ===
  Boleslaw III
  
  born Aug. 20, 1085
  died Oct. 28, 1138
  
  byname Boleslaw the Wry-mouthed , Polish Boleslaw Krzywousty prince of Poland who introduced into his country the senioriate system, by which the eldest son received the major part of the royal inheritance. He also converted the Pomeranians to Christianity.
  
  Son of Wladyslaw I Herman, ruler of Poland, and Judith of Bohemia, Boleslaw III and his illegitimate elder half brother, Zbigniew, each ruled a Polish province during their father's lifetime. Boleslaw III succeeded to his father's princely title (no Polish ruler assumed the title of king from 1082 to 1296) in 1102 and spent the next several years fighting Zbigniew for control of the country. After repelling an invasion of Silesia (1109) by the German king Henry V, Boleslaw, who had exiled Zbigniew in 1107, recalled him in 1112; soon, however, he accused Zbigniew of treason and had him blinded. Zbigniew died soon thereafter.
  
  For the next 22 years (1113–35) Boleslaw sought control of Poland's former province of Pomerania; he conquered Eastern Pomerania in 1122 but did not secure Western Pomerania until he had sworn fealty to the Holy Roman emperor Lothair II in 1135. Boleslaw sent missionaries into Pomerania, converted the pagan tribes there to Christianity, and integrated the people into the Polish state. He then enacted legislation to secure Pomerania and Silesia for his eldest son and lesser provinces for his younger sons. The senioriate system, a halfway measure between primogeniture and equal distribution among all male heirs, was devised to satisfy all princely heirs; yet it caused dissension and eventually led to the disintegration of the state. [Encyclopædia Britannica, online ]
  
  === Reference 5 ===
  BOLESLAV III, called The Wry-Mouthed (1086-1138), king of Poland (1102-38), nephew of Boleslav II. He was at first challenged by his brother Zbigniew (c. 1079-1113), who acknowledged him as king in 1104. Boleslav successfully defended Silesia against an invasion by Holy Roman Emperor Henry V, whom he defeated at Glogow and Wroclaw (Breslau) in 1109. His most lasting achievement was the reconquest of Pomerania on the Baltic coast, which had broken away from Polish control, and the Christianization of its people. In 1135, Henry V's successor, Lothair II, granted him possession of Pomerania as a fief of the Holy Roman Empire.
  
  === Biography ===
  Bolesław (Bolesław III) "Krzywousty, Prince of Poland, Duke of Pomerania" Polski formerly Piast aka of Poland.
  
  Boleslaw III 'The Wry-Mouthed' king of Poland and nephew to Boleslaw II was at first challenged by his brother Zbigniew, but Zbigniew acknowledged him as king in 1104. Boleslaw successfully defended Silesia from invasion by Holy Roman Emperor Henry V, who he defeated at Glasgow and Wroclaw (Breslau) in 1109. His most lasting achievement was the re-conquest of Pomerania on the Baltic coast, which had broken away from Polish control and the Christianization of its peoples. In 11 35, Lothar II, granted Bo lslaw the area as a fief in the Holy Roman Empire.
  
  === Fund and Wagnalls Encyclopedia, 1995 Bo ===
  Fund and Wagnalls Encyclopedia, 1995 Boleslav III, call The Wry-Mouthed, or Crooked Mouth, (1086-1138), king of Poland (1102-1138), nephew of Boleslav II. He was first challenged by his brother Zbigniew (c. 1079-1113), who acknowledged him as king 1104. Boleslav successfully defended Silesia against an invasion by Holy Roman Emperor Henry V, who he defeated at Gtogow and Wrotaw (Breslau) in 1109. His most lasting achievement was the reconquest of Pomerania on the Baltic coast, which had broken away from Polish control, and the Christianization of its people. In 1135, Henry V's successor, Lothair II, granted him possession of Pomerania as a fief of the Holy Roman Empire.
  
  === Boleslaus III was preoccupied with the s ===
  Boleslaus III was preoccupied with the subjugation of Pomerania, Poland's maritime province, in the course of which he had the province evangelized. {-ref.: Encycl. Brit., 1956, 3:807} He is called "the Wry-mouthed".
  
  https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_III_Krzywousty
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_III_Wrymouth
  
  === King of Poland (1102-38), the kingdom ha ===
  King of Poland (1102-38), the kingdom had been divided by his father between he and his bastard half brother Zbigniew who was supported by the emperor and other powers. Boleslaus defeated Zbigniew and reunited the kingdom. He routed Emperor Henry V and warred against Bohemial Hungary, and Kiev.
  
  === He bore the titles of Prince of Poland a ===
  He bore the titles of Prince of Poland and King of Poland. He reigned 1102 - 1138, and reunited Poland by conquering his brother's share. By a treaty with Emperor Lothair II, he was invested with Pomerania and Rugen as fiefs of the Holy Roman Empire. (ref. Columbia Viking Desk Encyclopedia)
  
  === !Sorley Pedigrees Q929.242 SO 68s p. 17 ===
  !Sorley Pedigrees Q929.242 SO 68s p. 17
  
  === Reference 2 ===
  from thepeerage.com, 2/2009:
  Boleslaw III, Duke of Poland1
  M, #112856, b. 1085, d. 1138
  Boleslaw III, Duke of Poland|b. 1085\nd. 1138|p11286.htm#i112856|Wladislaw I Herman, Duke of Poland|b. 1043\nd. 1102|p11458.htm#i114577|Judith of Bohemia|b. 1056\nd. 1085|p11458.htm#i114580|Casimir I., Duke of Poland|b. 1016\nd. 1058|p11459.htm#i114582|Dobronega M. of Kiev|b. c 1011\nd. 1087|p11459.htm#i114583|Vladislav I., Duke of Bohemia|d. 1125|p11393.htm#i113921||||
  Last Edited=30 Jul 2005
  Boleslaw III, Duke of Poland was born in 1085.2 He was the son of Wladislaw I Herman, Duke of Poland and Judith of Bohemia .2 He married, firstly, Zbyslawa of Kiev , daughter of Svyatopolk I, Grand Duke of Kiev and unknown daughter (?) , in 1103.2 He married, secondly, Salome von Berg , daughter of Heinrich Graf von Berg-Schalklingen , in 1115.2 He died in 1138.2
  Boleslaw III, Duke of Poland was a member of the House of Piast.3 Boleslaw III, Duke of Poland also went by the nick-name of Boleslaw 'Wrymouth'.3 He gained the title of Duke of Poland in 1102.2
  Child of Boleslaw III, Duke of Poland
  Adelheid of Poland 4
  Child of Boleslaw III, Duke of Poland and Zbyslawa of Kiev
  Wladislaw II, Duke of Poland + b. 1105, d. 11592
  Children of Boleslaw III, Duke of Poland and Salome von Berg
  Heinrich, Duke of Sandomir d. 11662
  Richza of Poland + b. 1116, d. a 11551
  Boleslaw IV, Duke of Cracow b. 1125, d. 11732
  Mieszko III, Duke of Poland + b. 1126, d. 12022
  Dobronega of Poland + b. c 1128, d. a 26 Oct 1147
  Casimir II, Duke of Cracow + b. 1138, d. 11942
  Citations
  [S16 ] Jirí Louda and Michael MacLagan, Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe, 2nd edition (London, U.K.: Little, Brown and Company, 1999), table 16. Hereinafter cited as Lines of Succession.
  [S16 ] Louda and MacLagan, Lines of Succession, table 132.
  [S38 ] John Morby, Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook (Oxford, Oxfordshire, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 157. Hereinafter cited as Dynasties of the World.
  [S16 ] Louda and MacLagan, Lines of Succession, table 77.

• m. 1103 r.

1. Wladyslaw II the Exile Boleslawowic, b. 1105 in Kraków, Małopolskie, Poland     d. 30 MAY 1159 in Altenburg, Altenburger Land, Thuringia, Germany

• m. 1115 in Poland

1. III.Mieszko Piast-házi Lengyel fejedelem, b. 10 APR 1126 in Miasto Kraków, Kraków, Poland     d. 13 MAR 1202 in Kalisz, Kalisz, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland
2. Agnieszka of Poland, b. 1137 in Kraków, Lodzkie, Poland     d. 1181
3. Kazimierz II Sprawiedliwy of Poland, b. 1138 r.     d. 5 maja 1194 r. in Kraków, Małopolskie, Polska
4. Richeza of Poland Queen of Sweden, b. 12 APR 1116 in Kraków, Miasto Kraków, Kraków, Poland     d. 25 DEC 1165 in Kraków, Miasto Kraków, Kraków, Poland

1. Title: Wikiwand: Bolesław III Wrymouth
   Publication: Name: http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Boles%C5%82aw_III_Wrymouth;
   Note: Bolesław III Wrymouth (also known as Boleslaus III the Wry-mouthed, Polish: Bolesław III Krzywousty) (20 August 1086 – 28 October 1138), was a Duke of Lesser Poland, Silesia and Sandomierz between 1102 and 1107 and over the whole Poland between 1107 and 1138. He was the only child of Prince Władysław I Herman and his first wife Judith, daughter of Vratislaus II of Bohemia. Bolesław began to rule in the last decade of the 11th century, when the central government in Poland was significantly weakened. Władysław I Herman fell under the political dependence of the Count palatine Sieciech, who became the real ruler of the country. Backed by their father, Boleslaw and his half-brother Zbigniew finally expelled Sieciech from the country in 1101, after several years of fighting. After the death of Władysław I Herman in 1102, two independent states were created ruled by Bolesław and Zbigniew. Bolesław sought to gain Pomerania which caused an armed conflict between the brothers, and forced Zbigniew to flee the country and seek military help from German King Henry V. Bolesław punished Zbigniew by blinding him. This action caused outrage among supporters of Zbigniew, resulting in a political crisis in Poland. Bolesław once again gained the favor of his subjects with public penance, and made a pilgrimage to the monastery of his patron, Saint Giles, in Hungary. Bolesław, like Bolesław II the Generous, based his foreign policy on maintaining good relations with neighboring Hungary and Kievan Rus, with whom he forged strong links through marriage and military cooperation in order to break the political dependence on Germany and his vassal, the King of Bohemia, who in moments of weakness of Polish policy was forced to pay tribute in Silesia. These alliances have allowed Bolesław to effectively defend the country from invasion in 1109. Several years later, Bolesław skillfully took advantage of the dynastic disputes in Bohemia to ensure peace on the south-west border. Bolesław devoted the second half of his rule to the conquest of Pomerania. In 1113 he conquered the northern strongholds along Noteć, which strengthened the border with the Pomeranians. In subsequent years, he took steps toward the conquest of Pomerania. The resolution of the conflict with the Holy Roman Empire allowed Bolesław to subordinate Western Pomerania and incorporate Gdańsk Pomerania. The military expeditions, carried out in three stages, ended in the 1120s with military and political successes. Integration of the newly annexed lands enabled Bolesław to build churches and began the process of converting Pomerania. Bishop Otto of Bamberg confirmed the Christianization of Pomerania from 1123 onward. In the 1130s Bolesław participated in the dynastic dispute in Hungary. After an unexpected defeat, he was forced to make an agreement with Germany. The Congress of Merseburg of 1135 addressed the issues of Pomerania, Silesian (probably also Polish) sovereignty and the supremacy of the Archbishopric of Magdeburg over the Polish Church. Bolesław was married twice. His first marriage with the Kievan princess Zbyslava gave him an excuse to intervene militarily in the internal affairs of Russia. After her death, Bolesław married to a German noblewoman, Salomea of Berg, which in some way was the cause of changes in Polish foreign policy: in the second half of his rule, the Prince sought to restore diplomatic relations with his western neighbor. His last, and perhaps the most momentous act, was his will and testament known as "The Succession Statute" in which he divided the country among his sons, leading to almost 200 years of feudal fragmentation of the Polish Kingdom. Bolesław III Wrymouth has been recognized by historiography as a symbol of Polish political aspirations until well into the 19th century. He also upheld the independence of the Polish archbishopric of Gniezno, despite a temporary failure in the 1130s. Despite undoubted successes, he committed serious political errors, most notably against Zbigniew of Poland, his half-brother. The crime against Zbigniew and his penance for it show Bolesław’s great ambition as well as his ability to find political compromise. Childhood Situation of Poland during the 1080s In 1086 the coronation of Vratislav II as King of Bohemia, and his alignment with László I, King of Hungary, threatened the position of the Polish ruler, Prince Władysław I Herman. Therefore, that same year Władysław I was forced to recall from Hungarian banishment the only son of Bolesław II the Bold and a rightful heir to the Polish throne, Mieszko Bolesławowic. Upon his return young Bolesławowic accepted the over-lordship of his uncle and gave up his hereditary claim to the crown of Poland in exchange for becoming first in line to succeed him. In return, Władysław I Herman granted his nephew the district of Kraków. The situation was further complicated for Władysław I Herman by a lack of a legitimate male heir, as his first-born son Zbigniew came from a union not recognized by the church. With the return of Mieszko Bolesławowic to Poland, Władysław I normalized his relations with the kingdom of Hungary as well as Kievan Rus (the marriage of Mieszko Bolesławowic to a Kievan princess was arranged in 1088). These actions allowed Herman to strengthen his authority and alleviate further tensions in international affairs. Birth of Bolesław. Name and nickname The lack of a legitimate heir, however, remained a concern for Władysław I and in 1085 he and his wife Judith of Bohemia sent rich gifts, among which was a life size statue of a child made of gold, to the Benedictine Sanctuary of Saint Giles in Saint-Gilles, Provence begging for offspring. The Polish envoys were led by the personal chaplain of Duchess Judith, Piotr. The date of birth of Bolesław is closely linked with the death of his mother Judith. This fact is evidenced by contemporary sources: Gallus Anonymus in the Cronicae et gesta ducum sive principum Polonorum reported that Duchess Judith gave birth to Bolesław on the day of King Saint Stephen of Hungary (whose feast since the 11th century was celebrated on 20 August). However, the Duchess' health never recovered from childbirth and died on the night of Nativity[18] (i.e. 24–25 December). Gallus did not note the year in his chronicle. Cosmas of Prague wrote in Latin in his Chronica Boëmorum ("Chronicle of Bohemians") that Bolesław was born three days before the death of Judith, who died in VIII Calends of January (25 December) of 1085. The Kalendarz krakowski said that Duchess Judith died on 24 December 1086, and only indicated that the birth of Bolesław was in the same year. The Obituary of the Abbey of Saint-Gilles reported the death of Judith on 24 December 1086. The Rocznik kapituły krakowskiej (closely related to the Kalendarz krakowski) placed the death of Judith on 24 December 1086. Historian August Bielowski established Bolesław's birth on 26 December 1085 and the death of his mother two days later, on 28 December. According to him Gallus Anonymus committed two errors. First, instead of the Sunday after the Nativity of the Lord wrote incorrectly in the Sunday of the Nativity. Secondly, he mistook the day of Saint Stephen (26 December) with the festivities of King Stephen of Hungary (20 August). Both corrections lead to the birth date of Bolesław on 26 December. This theory was supported by the fact that in 1085 28 December fell on a Sunday. Oswald Balzer refuted Bielowski's theory and pointed that Judith's death was on the night between 24–25 December 1086, and the birth of Bolesław was four months before, on 20 August. According to him, if Judith died on the night between 24–24 December, are possible discrepancies in determining the exact date of the event. All known sources who placed the death of Judith, would then right. Gallus wrote that Judith died shortly after giving birth to a son. Later sources interpret this as a death in childbirth and Cosmas of Prague followed this fact, despite he didn't received the information at first hand. Hence, his mistake would result in this point. In contrast, the right -indicated by Gallus- date of birth of Bolesław would be 20 August. In the medieval tradition the year began on 25 December. In that case, the reports of Cosmas must be concluded that Bolesław was born yet in 1085. This information, however, was in contradiction with the reports of the Kalendarz krakowski, who gave the year 1086. Judith was styled by the authors of the Kalendarz as "regina Polonia" (Queen of Poland in Latin), and this title could be associated with her father's coronation as King of Bohemia and Poland on 15 June 1086 (according to Cosmas). Karol Maleczyński refuted the arguments of Balzer, who accepted the date of the coronation of Vratislav II given by Cosmas. However, most researchers indicates that the coronation took place on 15 June 1085, so Judith could be called Queen a year earlier. Karol Maleczyński determined that the death of Judith took place on the night between 24–25 December 1085, and Bolesław was born four months before, on 20 August. Researchers found that the date given by the Rocznik kapituły krakowskiej (24 December 1086) was the same established by Cosmas (25 December 1085). The difference in the year could be explained in the different of style dating followed by Cosmas, who began the year according to the Julian calendar on 1 January and Christmas (Nativitate in Latin) on 25 December. For Maleczyński, Kazimierz Jasiński not consider this calendar difference who occurs only during the period 25–31 December. Archaeologist Wojciech Szafrański reasumed the theory of Bielowski: Judith of Bohemia died on 28 December 1085, and Bolesław was born two days before, on 26 December. According to Szafrański Cosmas used the term VIII Calends of January, with no specific date. However, in the Chronicle of Gallus should read that Judith died on Christmas Day, but on Sunday in the Oc...
   
2. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: BOLESŁAW of Poland, son of WŁADYSŁAW I
   Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/POLAND.htm#BoleslawIIIdied1138B;
   Note: BOLESŁAW of Poland, son of WŁADYSŁAW I HERMAN Prince of Poland & his second wife Judith of Bohemia (20 Aug [1086]-28 Oct 1138). The Chronicæ Polanorum names "Bolezlavum" as son of King Władysław and his wife "filiam Wratislavi Bohemici regis/." The Annales Capituli Cracoviensis record the birth in 1086 of "Bolezlaus tertius" followed immediately by the death of "Iudith mater sua." He succeeded his father in 1102 as BOLESŁAW III "Krzywousty/Wrymouth" Prince of Poland. The Annales Cracovienses Compilati record that "Boleslaus duos Pomeranos duces devicit aput Nakel. Iste tercius Boleslaus terras obtinuit." Duke of Pomerania 1122-1138. Before his death Bolesław III arranged a division of his lands among his sons. The Annales Capituli Cracoviensis record the death "1138 V Kal Nov" of "dux Bolezlaus tercius." m firstly ([16 Nov 1102/1103]) ZBISLAVA Sviatopolkovna, daughter of SVIATOPOLK II Iziaslavich Grand Prince of Kiev & his first wife --- (-[1109/12]). The Primary Chronicle names Sbyslava daughter of Svyatopolk when recording that she was taken to Poland 16 Nov 1102 to marry Boleslav. The Chronica principum Polonie records that the mother of "Boleslaus suo primogenito Wladislao filio" was "ex quadam Ruthena nobili"[205]. The Annales Cracovienses Vetusti record the marriage in 1103 of "Bolezlaus tercius." The Annales Kamenzenses record the marriage in 1104 of "Bolezlaus tercius" and "uxorem Rutenam." m secondly ([Mar/Jul] 1115) SALOME von Berg, daughter of HEINRICH Graf von Berg & his wife Adelheid von Mochental (before 1101-27 Jul 1144). The Chronica Boemorum names "Almuse" as wife of "dux Bolezlaus." Berthold's Chronicon of Zwiefalten names (in order) "Richinza ductrix Boemiæ, Sophia ductrix Moraviæ, Salome ductrix Poloniæ" as sisters of "Heinricus comes [et] Rapot," specifying that Salome was "uxor Bolezlaus dux Boloniæ." The Chronica principum Polonie records that the second wife of "Boleslaus" was "ex Theutunica." The necrology of Zwiefalten records the death "VI Kal 1144" of "Salome ducisse Bolonie."
   
3. Title: Boleslaw III Wrymouth, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q2SM-HJV5 : 12 December 2022), Boleslaw III Wrymouth, ; Burial, , Miasto Płock, Mazowieckie, Poland, Bazylika Wniebowzięcia NMP w Płocku; citing record ID 155593099, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:Q2SM-HJV5;
   
4. Title: Polish-Royal-Ancestry from Ancestry Footprint as told by Lars Granholm
   Author: Lars Granholm, (2010), Polish Royal Ancestry, from Ancestry Footprint, https://www.ancestryfootprints.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Polish-Royal-Ancestry-Book-1.pdf
   Publication: Name: https://www.ancestryfootprints.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Polish-Royal-Ancestry-Book-1.pdf;
   Note: Please click the link above to read further, the information that Lars wrote can and will tell you alot more. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cho%C5%9Bcisko Choscisko Chościsko is a legendary figure in a Polish prehistory, father of Piast the Wheelwright, the founder of the Piast dynasty. His name occurs in the first Polish chronicle, Cronicae et gesta ducum sive principum Polonorum by Gallus Anonymus, where the author refers three times to Piast as the son of Chościsko. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silesian_Piasts Silesian Piasts Władysław II the Exile. First of the Silesian Piasts The Silesian Piasts were the oldest line of the Piast dynasty beginning with Władysław II the Exile (25th great uncle), son of Bolesław III Wrymouth (25th ggf), Duke of Poland. According to Bolesław's testament Władysław II the Exile was granted the Silesian province as his hereditary realm and also the Seniorate Province because he was the oldest among the Piasts. Boleslaw III Wrymouth, painting by J.B. Jacobi (1828) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piast_the_Wheelwright Piast the Wheelwright Monument to Piast Kołodziej in Złotów Piast Kołodziej (Piast the Wheelwright) was a semilegendary figure in prehistoric Poland (8th cent. AD), the founder of the Piast dynasty that would rule the future Kingdom of Poland. He is mentioned in the Polish Chronicle of Gallus Anonymus[1], along with his father, Chościsko and wife Rzepka. The chronicle tells the story of an unexpected visit paid to Piast by two strangers. They asked to join Piast's family in celebration of the 7th birthday of Piast’s son, Siemowit (a pagan rite of passage for young boys). In return for the hospitality, the guests cast a spell turning Piast’s cellar ever plenty. Seeing this, Piast’s compatriots declared him their new prince, to replace the late Prince Popiel. If Piast really existed, he would be the g-g-grandfather of Prince Mieszko I, the first historic ruler of Poland, and the g-g-g-grandfather of Bolesław Chrobry, the first Polish king. Two theories explain the etymology of the word Piast. The first gives the root as piasta (hub in Polish), a reference to his profession. The second relates Piast to piastun (custodian or keeper). This could hint at Piast's initial position as a maior domus (majordomo), or a "steward of the house", in the court of another ruler, and the subsequent takeover of power by Piast. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rzepicha Rzepicha Rzepicha (also Rzepka) was the wife of the semi-legendary Piast the Wheelwright (founder of the Piast dynasty) and the mother of Siemowit. She is mentioned in Gallus Anonymus' Polish Chronicle, where her name is explicitly referred to twice. According to Gallus Anonymus, she lived in the 9th century. Her ancestors are unknown. In the story described in the chronicle she keeps a house together with Piast and hospitably entertains two guests who came to Piast to celebrate their son's first haircut.
   
5. Title: Wikipedia PL
   Publication: Name: https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_III_Krzywousty;
   
6. Title: Find a Grave: Boleslaw III Wrymouth
   Author: Source: WikipediA
   Publication: Name: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/155593099;
   Note: BIRTH 20 Aug 1086 Plock, Mazowieckie, Poland DEATH 28 Oct 1138 (aged 52) Mazowieckie, Poland BURIAL Plock Cathedral Plock, Mazowieckie, Poland MEMORIAL ID 155593099 · Boleslaw III Wrymouth was a Prince of Lesser Poland, Silesia and Sandomierz between 1102-1107 and over the whole Poland between 1107-1138. He was the only child of Prince Wladyslaw I Herman and his first wife Judith, daughter of Vratislaus II of Bohemia. Boleslaw was married twice. His first marriage with the Kievan princess Zbyslava, gave him an excuse to intervene militarily in the internal affairs of Russia. they had 1 son, Vladislas II King Of Poland. After her death, Boleslaw married a German noblewoman, Salomea of Berg, which in some way was the cause of changes in Polish foreign policy: in the second half of his rule, the Prince sought to restore diplomatic relations with his western neighbor. His last, and perhaps the most momentous act, was his will and testament known as "The Succession Statute" in which he divided the country among his sons, leading to almost 200 years of feudal fragmentation of the Polish Kingdom. Boleslaw III Wrymouth has been recognized by historiography as a symbol of Polish political aspirations until well into the 19th century. The date of birth of Boleslaw is closely linked with the death of his mother Judith. This fact is evidenced by contemporary sources: Gallus Anonymus in the Cronicae et gesta ducum sive principum Polonorum reported that Duchess Judith gave birth to Boleslaw on the day of King Saint Stephen of Hungary (whose feast since the 11th century was celebrated on 20 August). Boleslaw III Wrymouth died on 28 October 1138, probably in the town of Sochaczew. There are no records about the circumstances of his death. 12th century sources didn't provide information about his place of burial. It was only in the 15th century, when Jan Dlugosz recorded that the Prince's tomb was in the Masovian Blessed Virgin Mary Cathedral in Plock. Also known as Plock Cathedral.