Stephen de Blois King of England

• Preferred Name: Stephen de Blois King of England^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Death: BET 25 OCT 1154 AND 1194 in St Martin, Dover Castle; Dover, Kent, England at LATI: N1.1276 LONG: E0.3254
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: King of EnglandBET 22 DEC 1135 AND 25 OCT 1154 with note: Usurped the throne from Matilda, daughter of Henry I
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Earl of Lancaster
  
• FSID: LBVH-D6P
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Comte de Boulogne et Champagne
  
• Birth: 1092 or 1096 in Blois, Loir-Et-Cher, Centre-Val de Loire, France at LATI: N7.5939 LONG: E0.3281
  
• Title+(Nobility): BET 1125 AND 1147 with note: Description: Count of Mortain and Boulogne
  
• Burial: 25 OCT 1154 in Faversham Abbey, Faversham, Kent, England at LATI: N1.3177 LONG: E0.8928
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Stephen (1092 or 1096 – 25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was King of England from 22 December 1135 to his death in 1154. He was Count of Boulogne jure uxoris from 1125 until 1147 and Duke of Normandy from 1135 until 1144. His reign was marked by the Anarchy, a civil war with his cousin and rival, the Empress Matilda, whose son, Henry II, succeeded Stephen as the first of the Angevin kings of England.
  
  Stephen was born in the County of Blois in central France as the fourth son of Stephen-Henry, Count of Blois, and Adela, daughter of William the Conqueror. His father died while Stephen was still young, and he was brought up by his mother. Placed into the court of his uncle Henry I of England, Stephen rose in prominence and was granted extensive lands. He married Matilda of Boulogne, inheriting additional estates in Kent and Boulogne that made the couple one of the wealthiest in England. Stephen narrowly escaped drowning with Henry I's son, William Adelin, in the sinking of the White Ship in 1120; William's death left the succession of the English throne open to challenge. When Henry died in 1135, Stephen quickly crossed the English Channel and with the help of his brother Henry, Bishop of Winchester and Abbot of Glastonbury, took the throne, arguing that the preservation of order across the kingdom took priority over his earlier oaths to support the claim of Henry I's daughter, the Empress Matilda.
  
  The early years of Stephen's reign were largely successful, despite a series of attacks on his possessions in England and Normandy by David I of Scotland, Welsh rebels, and the Empress Matilda's husband Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou. In 1138, the Empress's half-brother Robert of Gloucester rebelled against Stephen, threatening civil war. Together with his close advisor, Waleran de Beaumont, Stephen took firm steps to defend his rule, including arresting a powerful family of bishops. When the Empress and Robert invaded in 1139, Stephen was unable to crush the revolt rapidly, and it took hold in the south-west of England. Captured at the battle of Lincoln in 1141, he was abandoned by many of his followers and lost control of Normandy. He was freed only after his wife and William of Ypres, one of his military commanders, captured Robert at the Rout of Winchester, but the war dragged on for many years with neither side able to win an advantage.
  
  Stephen became increasingly concerned with ensuring that his son Eustace would inherit his throne. The King tried to convince the Church to agree to crown Eustace to reinforce his claim; Pope Eugene III refused, and Stephen found himself in a sequence of increasingly bitter arguments with his senior clergy. In 1153, the Empress's son Henry invaded England and built an alliance of powerful regional barons to support his claim for the throne. The two armies met at Wallingford, but neither side's barons were keen to fight another pitched battle. Stephen began to examine a negotiated peace, a process hastened by the sudden death of Eustace. Later in the year Stephen and Henry agreed to the Treaty of Winchester, in which Stephen recognised Henry as his heir in exchange for peace, passing over William, Stephen's second son. Stephen died the following year. Modern historians have extensively debated the extent to which his personality, external events, or the weaknesses in the Norman state contributed to this prolonged period of civil war.
  Childhood
  Stephen was born in Blois, France, in either 1092 or 1096. His father was Stephen-Henry, Count of Blois and Chartres, an important French nobleman, and an active crusader, who played only a brief part in Stephen's early life. During the First Crusade Stephen-Henry had acquired a reputation for cowardice, and he returned to the Levant again in 1101 to rebuild his reputation; there he was killed at the battle of Ramlah. Stephen's mother, Adela, was the daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders, famous amongst her contemporaries for her piety, wealth and political talent. She had a strong matriarchal influence on Stephen during his early years.
  ...
  Stephen fell ill with a stomach disease and died on 25 October at the local priory, being buried at Faversham Abbey with his wife Matilda and son Eustace.
  Issue
  Stephen of Blois married Matilda of Boulogne in 1125. They had five children:
  1. Baldwin (died in or before 1135)
  2. Matilda (died before 1141), married in infancy to Waleran de Beaumont, Count of Meulan
  3. Eustace IV, Count of Boulogne (c. 1130 – 1153), ruled Boulogne 1146–1153
  4. William I, Count of Boulogne (c. 1135 – 1159), ruled Boulogne 1153–1159
  5. Marie I, Countess of Boulogne (c. 1136 – 1182), ruled Boulogne 1159–1182
  King Stephen's illegitimate children by his mistress Damette included:
  1. Gervase, Abbot of Westminster
  2. Ralph
  3. Amalric
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen,_King_of_England
  
  BBC History Stephen (c.1097 - 1154)
  Stephen usurped the English throne from Matilda in 1135, but failed to consolidate his power during the ensuing civil strife.
  
  Stephen was born in around 1097 in Blois, France, the son of the Count
  
  Stephen Bio
  Stephen (c. 1092/6 – 25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois (French: Étienne de Blois, Medieval French: Estienne de Blois), was a grandson of William the Conqueror. He was King of Eng
  
  King Stephen of England - Find-a-grave
  English Royalty. Grandson of William the Conqueror and the last Norman king of England (1135-1154). After his father's death in 1102, Stephen was raised by his uncle, Henry I. Henry was fond of Stephe
  
  stephen etienne
  Replace | Reject
  Life Sketch
  The Children of King Stephen
  13/01/2015Sharon Bennett Connolly
  
  King Stephen of England and his wife, Matilda of Boulogne, had 3 children who survived infancy, and yet –
  
  BIO
  BIO: King of England, 1135-1154; Count of Mortain; Count of Boulogne, 1125; crowned king on 26 DEC 1135.
  
  ** from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLAND,%20Kings%201066-1603.htm#dauStephenMHerveLeon
  
  Stephen, King of England
  (Wikipedia)
  
  Stephen, 12th-century King of England and Count of Boulogne
  
  Reign: 22 December 1135 – 25 October 1154
  Coronation: 22 December 1135
  Predecessor: Henry I
  Successor : Henry II
  Born: 1092/1096 Blois, Ki
  
  Stephen (French: Étienne; c.?1092/6-25 October 1154)
  Stephen (French: Étienne; c.?1092/6-25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was King of England from 1135 to his death, as well as Count of Boulogne from 1125 until 1147 and Duke of N
  
  en.Wikipedia Stephen, King of England
  Stephen (1092 or 1096 – 25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was King of England from 22 December 1135 to his death in 1154. A younger son of the Count of Blois, he was Count of Bo
  
  === !REIGNED: King of England (December 1, 1 ===
  !REIGNED: King of England (December 1, 1135 - October 25, 1154) BIRTH: House of Normandy, Blois & Champagne NAME: Stephen (Eitienne) de NAVARRE (assumed NORMANDY at marriage); Duke of Champagne; King of England
  
  === 1. Source: "The Monarchs of England", b ===
  1. Source: "The Monarchs of England", by Jean Morris, Charterhouse: NY, 1975, pp. 15 & 37. 2. Called "Stephen of Blois", and later "King Stephen". 3. Had only one surviving son, Eustace [RIN 2057]. 4. Ruled England from 1135-1154.
  
  === !Per "My Boone Family": Stephen became ===
  !Per "My Boone Family": Stephen became King of England in 1135 on death of Henry I. And after Stephen's death in 1154, the right of succession passed to Henry II the son of Matilda and Geoffrey V.

• m. 1125

1. Eustace "Le Sage" IV de Blois Count and Earl of Boulogne and Mortain, b. ABT 1125 in of Boulogne, France     d. 16 de agosto de 1153 in Saint Edmunds Abbey, Bury, Suffolkshire, England
2. Marie de Boulogne, b. 1136 in Boulogne-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France     d. 25 de julho de 1182 in Denonville, Eure-et-Loir, Centre, France

1. Title: EUSTACHE [III] de Boulogne in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
   Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORTHERN%20FRANCE.htm#EustacheIIIdied1125;
   Note: 1. EUSTACHE [III] de Boulogne (-1125 or after). His parentage is specified in his donation to Saint-Bertin dated 1122, for the souls of "Eustacii comitis patris mei et Yde matris mee comitisse"[476]. He is not named as one of her sons by "Ida comitisse Boloniensis" in the latter's charter for the soul of her husband[477]. William of Tyre records him as brother of Godefroi and Baudouin, naming him last of the three[478]. It is not known whether this indicates that he was the youngest of the three brothers, or was simply a reflection of his less significant role in affairs in Palestine. His inheritance of the paternal possessions and titles suggests that he was the oldest brother, at any rate older than his brother Baudouin. He succeeded as Comte de Boulogne, Comte de Lens. This would normally be an indication of his seniority in the family. However, given the superior position of his brother Godefroi as Duke of Lower Lotharingia, it may have been decided that the less important paternal inheritance would pass to a younger son. He was a member of the company of Robert II Count of Flanders on the First Crusade, joining his brothers after arriving in Constantinople in 1097[479]. Albert of Aix records the arrival in Constantinople of "Robertus Normannorum comes, Stephanus Blesensis, Eustachius frater prædicti Ducis", dated to early 1097 from the context[480]. In Palestine in 1099, he returned to Boulogne soon after. "Eustacius Bolonie comes" confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Samer by charter dated Jul 1112, subscribed by "Cononis de Fieules, Eustacii et Rogerii filiorum eius…"[481]. Albert of Aix records that Baudouin appointed "fratri Eustachio" as his successor on his deathbed if he would come to Jerusalem, or if he failed to come "Baldewinus de Burg"[482]. A legation left Jerusalem for Boulogne in Apr 1118 to invite him to succeed. Eustache left Boulogne for Jerusalem, but when he reached Apulia he received news that Baudouin du Bourg had been chosen as king. He refused to press his claim further, and retired to the Cluniac monastery at Rumilly in [1125]. "Eustachius olim comes Boloniensis nunc autem…monachus Cluniacensis" donated property to Cluny by charter dated 1125 which names "Maria uxore mea…[et] Mathildi filia mea", and is subscribed by "Stephani comitis Bolonie, Matildis comitisse"[483]. m (1102) MARY of Scotland, daughter of MALCOLM III "Caennmor/Bighead" King of Scotland & his second wife [St] Margaret of England (-31 May 1116 or 18 Apr 1118, bur Bermondsey Priory). Orderic Vitalis records that their mother sent Mary and her sister Eadgyth to be brought up by her sister Christina, nun at Romsey Abbey[484]. Florence of Worcester records that Henry I King of England arranged the marriage of "Mariam reginæ sororem" and "Eustatio Bononensium comiti" in [1102][485]. Her marriage is also recorded by Orderic Vitalis, who also names her daughter[486]. The Genealogica comitum Buloniensium records that "Eustachius, frater Balduini regis Iheruslame" married "Mariam filiam regis Scotiæ"[487]. The 12th century Cronica Regum Scottorum records the death "II Kal Jun" in 1116 of "Maria…comitissa" and her burial "apud Bermundseiam"[488]. The Chronicle of John of Fordun records that "Mary countess of Bouillon" died in "the third year before her sister’s death"[489]. Comte Eustache [III] & his wife had one child: a) MATHILDE de Boulogne ([1103/05]-Hedingham Castle, Essex 2/3 or 30 May or 3 Jul 1151, bur Faversham Abbey, Kent). Her parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[490]. The Genealogica comitum Buloniensium names Mathilde daughter of "Eustachius, frater Balduini regis Iheruslame" and his wife "Mariam filiam regis Scotiæ", also recording her marriage with "Stephano, filio Stephani Blesensis comitis"[491]. She succeeded her father as Ctss de Boulogne. "Stephanus comes Bolonie et Morethonii et Mathildis comitissa" confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Samer by charter dated 1141 (presumably misdated because of the donors’ titles), subscribed by "…Eustachius de Fielnes, Willelmus et Rogerus fratres sui…"[492]. She was crowned Queen Consort of England at Westminster Abbey 22 Mar 1136. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1152 of "Matildis uxor Stephani regis Anglorum" and in a later passage her burial "in monasterio Fasseham", recording that she had founded the abbey[493]. m ([1124/25]) ETIENNE de Blois Comte de Mortain, son of ETIENNE Comte de Blois & his wife Adela of England (Blois [1096/97]-Dover 25 Oct 1154, bur Faversham Abbey, Kent). Comte de Boulogne, in right of his wife, before 1125. He succeeded 22 Dec 1135 as STEPHEN King of England, crowned at Westminster Abbey 26 Dec 1135. His first cousin Matilda Lady of the English, daughter of Henry I King of England, disputed Stephen’s accession. During the ensuing civil war in England, Stephen was deposed and imprisoned by Matilda 7-10 April 1141, but restored to the throne 1 Nov 1141. He was crowned a second time at Canterbury Cathedral 1141, and a third time at Lincoln Cathedral 1146. - see below, Part B. Comte Eustache [III] had [three] illegitimate children by unknown mistresses: b) RAOUL de Boulogne (-after [1122/25]). Witness, with his brother Eustache, of their father's charters in 1106 (in favour of St Paul's London) and in [1120/25] (in favour of Roger de Sumerio)[494]. "Rodulfi filii comitis Eustacii" witnessed his father's donation to Saint-Bertin dated 1122[495]. c) EUSTACHE de Boulogne. Witness, with his brother Raoul, of their father's charters in 1106 (in favour of St Paul's London) and in [1120/25] (in favour of Roger de Sumerio)398. m ---. The name of Eustache's wife is not known. Eustache & his wife had one child: i) EUSTACHE (-after [1176/77]). The 1164/65 Pipe Roll names "Eustachius fil Eust fil Com" accounting for relief of his land in Essex/Hertfordshire[496]. The 1176/77 Pipe Roll names "Eustacius filius Eustacii filii Comitis" in Essex and Hertfordshire[497]. d) [GODEFROI (-killed in battle al-Sinnabrah 28 Jun 1113). William of Malmesbury names him "bastard great-nephew [abnepos eius nothus]" of Baudouin I King of Jerusalem[498]. "…Gotafredus nepos regis…" subscribed the charter dated 20 Jun 1112 under which Baudouin I King of Jerusalem confirmed the possessions of the Knights Hospitallers[499]. Murray points out that his being the illegitimate son of Eustache [III] Comte de Boulogne is only one of the various possibilities[500]. He was killed fighting Tughtikin atabeg of Damascus and Mawdud of Mosul.
   Page: Eustache, Comte de Boulogne, and Ida of Lorraine in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORTHERN%20FRANCE.htm#EustacheIIB [See document in the Memories section]
   
2. Title: William the Conqueror, King of England, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~http://shop.fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORMANDY.htm#GuillaumeIIdied1087B [See document in the Memories section]
   Publication: Name: https://www.familysearch.org/photos/artifacts/124385756;
   Note: William the Conqueror, King of England, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~http://shop.fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORMANDY.htm#GuillaumeIIdied1087B [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: William the Conqueror, King of England, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~http://shop.fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORMANDY.htm#GuillaumeIIdied1087B [See document in the Memories section]
   
3. Title: Stephen, King of England, and Mathilde of Boulogne in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
   Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLAND,%20Kings%201066-1603.htm#Stephendied1154B;
   Note: Chapter 2. KING of ENGLAND 1135-1154 (BLOIS) ETIENNE de Blois, son of ETIENNE Comte de Blois & his wife Adela of England (Blois [1096/97]-Dover 25 Oct 1154, bur Faversham Abbey, Kent[315]). Orderic Vitalis records that “Stephanus Blesensis palatinus comes” and his wife had “filios quatuor: Guillelmum et Tedbaldum, Stephanumque et Henricum”, adding that Etienne received “comitatum Moritolii in Normannia et multos in Anglia...honores” from “Henrici regis avunculi sui”[316]. Orderic Vitalis records that he was created Comte de Mortain by Henry I King of England "after Guillaume Comte de Mortain was captured at Tinchebrai" (1106)[317]. He was invested with Séez, Alençon, Le Mêle-sur-Sarthe and Almenèches with La Roche-Mabille by his brother Comte Thibaut IV, after the latter was invested with these lands by Henry I King of England who had confiscated them from Robert de Bellême[318]. It is difficult to date this event accurately. Robert de Bellême's territories were confiscated in 1112, but the passage in Orderic follows a description of the rebellion of Robert Giroie which is assumed to have taken place in Jul [1119]. Comte de Boulogne, de iure uxoris, before 1125. "Stephanus comes Bolonie et Morethonii et Mathildis comitissa" confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Samer by charter dated 1141 (presumably misdated because of the donors’ titles), subscribed by "…Eustachius de Fielnes, Willelmus et Rogerus fratres sui…"[319]. After the death of his uncle Henry I King of England, Stephen crossed at once to England[320] before his rival, King Henry's daughter Matilda, and had himself crowned as STEPHEN King of England at Westminster Abbey 22 Dec 1135. His first cousin Matilda continued to dispute the succession. During the civil war which ensued, Stephen was deposed and imprisoned by Matilda 7-10 April 1141, but restored to the throne 1 Nov 1141. He was crowned a second time at Canterbury Cathedral 1141, and a third time at Lincoln Cathedral 1146. Robert of Torigny records the death "1154 VIII Kal Nov" as "Stephanus rex Anglorum" and his burial "in monasterio Fasseham"[321]. m (before 1125) MATHILDE Ctss de Boulogne, daughter of EUSTACHE [III] Comte de Boulogne & his wife Mary of Scotland ([1103/05]-Hedingham Castle, Essex 2/3 or 30 May or 3 Jul 1151, bur Faversham Abbey[322]). Her parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[323]. The Genealogica comitum Buloniensium names Mathilde as daughter of "Eustachius, frater Balduini regis Iheruslame" and his wife "Mariam filiam regis Scotiæ", also recording her marriage with "Stephano, filio Stephani Blesensis comitis"[324]. The Chronicle of Gervase records the coronation "XI Kal Apr 1136…apud Westmonasterium" of "uxor regis Stephani"[325]. She and her husband founded the Benedictine Abbey of Faversham in Kent, which was first colonised by the Cluniac house of Bermondsey[326]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1152 of "Matildis uxor Stephani regis Anglorum" and in a later passage her burial "in monasterio Fasseham", recording that she had founded the abbey[327]. The Chronicle of Gervase records the death "V Non Mai 1152" of "Matildis regina" and her burial "apud Faversham"[328]. Mistress (1): ([1115/20]) DAMETA, a Norman woman, daughter of ---. Her son granted her the manor of Chelsea for an annual rent of £4[329]. same person as…? DAMETA, daughter of ROBERT & his second wife Felicia ---. She is named and her parentage given by Orderic Vitalis[330]. There is no proof that this co-identity is correct. However, the chronology is favourable and no other person with this name has yet been found in the primary sources consulted during the preparation of this document. Mistress (2): ---. The name of Stephen's second mistress is not known. King Stephen & his wife had five children: 1. BAUDOUIN de Blois ([1126]-Tower of London [1136/37], bur Priory of Holy Trinity, Aldgate Without, London). William of Newburgh records his burial, together with that of his sister Mathilde, as "children of King Stephen and Queen", quoting the records of Holy Trinity[331]. The reference to his parents as king and queen indicates that he died after his father's accession, but his relative absence from other sources suggests that the event occurred soon after this. King Stephen donated property to Holy Trinity Priory, London, for the souls of "Mathildis filie mee et Bald[wini] filii mei", by charter dated to [1139/46][332]. 2. EUSTACE de Blois ([1127/31]-Bury St Edmund’s 10 or 16 Aug 1153, bur Faversham Abbey, Kent[333]). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Eustacium et Guilelmum" as the two sons of "rex Anglorum Stefanus"[334]. Recorded as son of King Stephen by Matthew Paris, who specifies that he did homage to Louis VI King of France in 1137 as Duke of Normandy[335], but Geoffroy "Plantagenet" Comte d'Anjou conquered Rouen and the whole Duchy in Jan 1144. He was installed as EUSTACHE [IV] Comte de Boulogne at Christmas [1146/47]. The Gesta Stephani Regis records that King Stephen knighted "Eustachium filium suum", dated from the context to [1147][336]. Maybe created an earl by his father in 1147, possibly Earl of Huntingdon[337], although this would have been at the same time that the title was held by Simon de Saint-Lis. He was crowned associate king of England in 1152 by Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury. Robert of Torigny records the death "1153 mense Augusto circa octavus sancti Laurentii" of "Eustachius filius Stephani regis Anglorum", and in a later passage his burial "in monasterio Fasseham"[338]. m (Paris Feb 1140) as her first husband, CONSTANCE de France, daughter of LOUIS VI King of France & his wife Adélaïde de Savoie ([1128]-Reims 16 Aug after 1177). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis refers to the sister of King Louis as wife firstly of "Eustachieus comes Bolonie" and secondly of "comiti de Sancto Egidio", specifying that she had children by the latter, but does not name her[339]. The De Genere Comitum Flandrensium, Notæ Parisienses names "filiam unam [Ludovicum regem Grossum] nomine Constantiam"[340]. Her brother Louis VII arranged her first marriage to symbolise his support for Stephen King of England against his cousin Empress Matilda and her husband Geoffroy Comte d'Anjou. William of Newburgh records the betrothal of Eustache, son of King Stephen, and "regi Francorum…sororem eius Constantiam"[341]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the marriage in Feb [1140] of "regis Anglie Stephani…filius" and "Francorum regis sororem"[342]. The Chronicle of Gervase records the marriage "mense Februario 1140" of "Eustachius filius regis Stephani" and "sororem regis Francia Lodovici Constantiam"[343]. Her marriage is recorded by Matthew Paris, who specifies that she was sister of Louis VII King of France[344]. She married secondly (10 Aug 1154, separated 1166) as his first wife, Raymond V Comte de Toulouse. Her brother arranged her second marriage to cement his alliance with Toulouse against Henri d'Anjou Duke of Normandy [later Henry II King of England] who had just allied himself with Aragon. Baudouin IV King of Jerusalem confirmed a sale of property, with the consent of "…Constantiæ sorori regis Franciæ et S. Egidii comitissæ", by charter dated [Sep/Dec] 1177[345]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XVII Kal Sep" of "Constantia filia Ludovici regis"[346]. 3. WILLIAM de Blois ([1132/37]-11 Oct 1159, bur hospital of Montmorillon, Poitou). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Eustacium et Guilelmum" as the two sons of "rex Anglorum Stefanus"[347]. His parentage is recorded by Matthew Paris[348]. Earl of Warenne and Surrey, Lord of Pevensey and Norwich [1148/49], de iure uxoris[349]. He succeeded his brother in 1153 as GUILLAUME Comte de Boulogne. He was disinherited from the throne of England by his father in Nov 1153 under the treaty confirming the succession of Henry Plantagenet, although under its terms he was allowed to hold all lands which his father had held before becoming king, including the counties of Mortain and Boulogne, and the honors of Eye and Lancaster[350]. He succeeded his father in 1154 as Comte de Mortain. He surrendered Pevensey, Norwich and other strongholds in England and Normandy to King Henry II in 1157. He was knighted by Henry II at Carlisle in 1158[351]. Robert of Torigny records that "Guillelmus comes Moritonii" died "1159 mense Octobris" while returning from serving in the Toulouse campaign, that he died without children and that King Henry II retained his county[352]. Ralph de Diceto’s Ymagines Historiarum record in 1159 that “Gulielmus comes Boloniæ filius regis Stephani” died “in reditu Tolosæ”[353]. m (before 6 Nov 1153, maybe before [1148/49]) as her first husband, ISABELLE de Warenne, daughter & heiress of WILLIAM [III] de Warenne Earl of Surrey & his wife Ela de Ponthieu (-[12 Jul 1203], bur Chapter House, Lewes). Robert of Torigny records that "filiam tercii Guillermi de Warenna" married "Guillermus filius Stephani regis"[354]. Robert of Torigny records the marriage in 1164 of "Hamelinus naturalis frater regis Henrici" and "comitissam de Guarenna, relictam Willelmi comitis Moritoni filii Stephani regis, …filia tercii Willermi comitis de Guarenna"[355]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. She married secondly ([Apr] 1164) [as his second wife,] Hamelin d’Anjou, illegitimate son of Geoffroy V Comte d’Anjou. 4. MATHILDE de Blois ([1133/34]-before 1141, bur Priory of Holy Trinity, Aldgate Without, London). Daughter of King Stephen, Orderic Vitalis records her betrothal when she was "two years old" but does not name her[356]. The Chronicon Valassense names "comes Mellenti Gualerannus" and "uxore sua regis Stephani familia"[357]. William of Newburgh records her burial, together with that of her brother Baudouin, as "children of King Steph
   Page: Stephen, King of England, and Mathilde of Boulogne in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLAND,%20Kings%201066-1603.htm#Stephendied1154B [See document in the Memories section]
   
4. Title: William the Conqueror and Henry I in Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, pg. 166 [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, pg. 166
   Note: William the Conqueror and Henry I in Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, pg. 166 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: William the Conqueror and Henry I in Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, pg. 166 [See document in the Memories section]
   
5. Title: Our royal, titled, noble and commoner ancestors
   Author: Citations [S1118] Unknown author, Some Early English Pedigrees, by Vernon M. Norr, p. 83; Wallop Family, p. 100. [S6] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry: 2nd Edition, Vol. III, p. 432-433. [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. I, p. 389. [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. I, p. 495. [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. II, p. 384. [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. III, p. 21. [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. V, p. 273-274. [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. V, p. 304-305. [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. I, p. 388.
   Publication: Name: https://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p178.htm#i5352;
   Note: Stephen, King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Mortain & Boulogne1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 Last Edited 4 Apr 2020 M, #5352, b. circa 1092, d. 25 October 1154 Father Etienne III, Count of Champagne, Brie, Blois, Chartres, Chateaudun, Meaux, Provins, Sancerre, & Troyes9,4 b. 1046, d. 19 May 1102 Mother Adela of England9,4 b. bt 1060 - 1062, d. 8 Mar 1138 Charts Some Descendants of Charlemagne (#1) Some Descendants of Charlemagne (#2) Stephen, King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Mortain & Boulogne was born circa 1092 at of Blois, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France.4 He married Maud (Matilda) of Boulogne, daughter of Eustace III, Comte de Boulogne & Lens and Mary of Scotland, in 1125; They had 3 sons (Eustache, Comte de Boulogne & Mortain; William, Comte de Boulogne, Warenne, & Mortain; & Baldwin) & 2 daughters (Maud, bethrothed to Galeren III, Comte de Meulan; & Mary, wife of Mathieu of Flanders).3,4,8 Stephen, King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Mortain & Boulogne Crowned King. on 26 December 1135. He died on 25 October 1154 at Dover, Kent, England; Buried in Faversham Abbey, Kent.4 Family Maud (Matilda) of Boulogne b. c 1075, d. 3 May 1151 Children Baudouin, Prince of England4 b. c 1124, d. 2 Dec 1135 Eustace IV, Count & Earl of Boulogne & Mortain4,6 b. c 1131, d. 16 Aug 1153 Matilda, Princess of England4,7 b. 1134, d. b 1141 Mary of England+4,5 b. c 1136, d. 25 Jul 1182 William II, Count Mortain, Boulogne, Earl Warren & Surrey, Lord of Norwich & Pevensey2,4,8 b. c 1137, d. 11 Oct 1159
   Page: Correct person
   
6. Title: Descendants of William the Conqueror in The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. iv-v [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. iv-v
   Note: Descendants of William the Conqueror in The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. iv-v [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Descendants of William the Conqueror in The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. iv-v [See document in the Memories section]
   
7. Title: Henry II, King of England, in Burke's The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. Part 1, xviii and xix [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: Burke's The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. Part 1, xviii and xix
   Note: Henry II, King of England, in Burke's The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. Part 1, xviii and xix [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Henry II, King of England, in Burke's The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. Part 1, xviii and xix [See document in the Memories section]
   
8. Title: "Illustrerad Verldshistoria" -Pedigree of the Dukes of Normandy
   Author: Illustrerad Verldshistoria, pg 202 [See document in the Memories section]
   Note: Dukes of Normandy Pedigree in Illustrerad Verldshistoria, pg 202 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Dukes of Normandy Pedigree in Illustrerad Verldshistoria, pg 202 [See document in the Memories section]
   
9. Title: Legacy NFS Source: King of England Stephen -
   Author: Stirnet.com, Peter Barns-Graham, Chairman, Name: http://www.stirnet.com;, Page number: Blois1, Bzvar01, Lorraine03
   Note: Peter Barns-Graham, Chairman, Stirnet.com (http://www.stirnet.com).
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3246398939
   
10. Title: Étienne de Blois, Comte de Blois, and Adela of England in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CENTRAL%20FRANCE.htm#StephenKingEnglanddied1154 [See document in the Memories section]
    Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CENTRAL%20FRANCE.htm#StephenKingEnglanddied1154;
    Note: Étienne de Blois, Comte de Blois, and Adela of England in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CENTRAL%20FRANCE.htm#StephenKingEnglanddied1154 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Étienne de Blois, Comte de Blois, and Adela of England in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CENTRAL%20FRANCE.htm#StephenKingEnglanddied1154 [See document in the Memories section]
    
11. Title: Pedigree of William the Conqueror in Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, pg. 343 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, pg. 343
    Note: Pedigree of William the Conqueror in Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, pg. 343 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Pedigree of William the Conqueror in Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, pg. 343 [See document in the Memories section]
    
12. Title: William I, William II, Henry I, Stephen and Henry II in Kings and Queens of Ancient Britain, pg. 13 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Kings and Queens of Ancient Britain, pg. 13
    Note: William I, William II, Henry I, Stephen and Henry II in Kings and Queens of Ancient Britain, pg. 13 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: William I, William II, Henry I, Stephen and Henry II in Kings and Queens of Ancient Britain, pg. 13 [See document in the Memories section]
    
13. Title: en.Wikipedia Stephen, King of England
    Author: Stephen King of England Reign 22 December 1135 – 25 October 1154 Coronation 22 December 1135 Predecessor Henry I Successor Henry II Born 1092 or 1096 Blois, Kingdom of France Died 25 October 1154 (aged c. 57–62) Dover, Kent, Kingdom of England Burial Faversham Abbey, Kent, England Spouse Matilda I, Countess of Boulogne Issue Eustace IV, Count of Boulogne Marie I, Countess of Boulogne William I, Count of Boulogne Gervase, Abbot of Westminster House Blois Father Stephen, Count of Blois Mother Adela of Normandy
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen,_King_of_England;
    Note: Stephen (1092 or 1096 – 25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was King of England from 22 December 1135 to his death in 1154. A younger son of the Count of Blois, he was Count of Boulogne jure uxoris from 1125 until 1147 and Duke of Normandy from 1135 until 1144. His reign was marked by the Anarchy, a civil war with his cousin and rival, the Empress Matilda, whose son, Henry II, succeeded Stephen as the first of the Angevin kings of England. Stephen was born in the County of Blois in central France; his father, Count Stephen-Henry, died while Stephen was still young, and he was brought up by his mother, Adela, daughter of William the Conqueror. Placed into the court of his uncle, Henry I of England, Stephen rose in prominence and was granted extensive lands. He married Matilda of Boulogne, inheriting additional estates in Kent and Boulogne that made the couple one of the wealthiest in England. Stephen narrowly escaped drowning with Henry I's son, William Adelin, in the sinking of the White Ship in 1120; William's death left the succession of the English throne open to challenge. When Henry died in 1135, Stephen quickly crossed the English Channel and with the help of his brother Henry, Bishop of Winchester and Abbot of Glastonbury, took the throne, arguing that the preservation of order across the kingdom took priority over his earlier oaths to support the claim of Henry I's daughter, the Empress Matilda. The early years of Stephen's reign were largely successful, despite a series of attacks on his possessions in England and Normandy by David I of Scotland, Welsh rebels, and the Empress Matilda's husband Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou. In 1138, the Empress's half-brother Robert of Gloucester rebelled against Stephen, threatening civil war. Together with his close advisor, Waleran de Beaumont, Stephen took firm steps to defend his rule, including arresting a powerful family of bishops. When the Empress and Robert invaded in 1139, Stephen was unable to crush the revolt rapidly, and it took hold in the south-west of England. Captured at the battle of Lincoln in 1141, he was abandoned by many of his followers and lost control of Normandy. He was freed only after his wife and William of Ypres, one of his military commanders, captured Robert at the Rout of Winchester, but the war dragged on for many years with neither side able to win an advantage. Stephen became increasingly concerned with ensuring that his son Eustace would inherit his throne. The King tried to convince the Church to agree to crown Eustace to reinforce his claim; Pope Eugene III refused, and Stephen found himself in a sequence of increasingly bitter arguments with his senior clergy. In 1153, the Empress's son Henry invaded England and built an alliance of powerful regional barons to support his claim for the throne. The two armies met at Wallingford, but neither side's barons were keen to fight another pitched battle. Stephen began to examine a negotiated peace, a process hastened by the sudden death of Eustace. Later in the year Stephen and Henry agreed to the Treaty of Winchester, in which Stephen recognised Henry as his heir in exchange for peace, passing over William, Stephen's second son. Stephen died the following year. Modern historians have extensively debated the extent to which his personality, external events, or the weaknesses in the Norman state contributed to this prolonged period of civil war. ...Please read the full text in Memories: en.Wikipedia
    Page: Correct person
    
14. Title: Wikiwand: Stephen, King of England
    Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Stephen,_King_of_England;
    Note: Stephen (1092 or 1096 – 25 October 1154), often referred to as Stephen of Blois, was King of England from 22 December 1135 to his death. A younger son of the Count of Blois, he was Count of Boulogne jure uxoris from 1125 until 1147 and Duke of Normandy from 1135 until 1144. His reign was marked by the Anarchy, a civil war with his cousin and rival, the Empress Matilda, whose son, Henry II, succeeded Stephen as the first of the Angevin kings of England. Stephen was born in the County of Blois in central France; his father, Count Stephen-Henry, died while Stephen was still young, and he was brought up by his mother, Adela, daughter of William the Conqueror. Placed into the court of his uncle, Henry I of England, Stephen rose in prominence and was granted extensive lands. He married Matilda of Boulogne, inheriting additional estates in Kent and Boulogne that made the couple one of the wealthiest in England. Stephen narrowly escaped drowning with Henry I's son, William Adelin, in the sinking of the White Ship in 1120; William's death left the succession of the English throne open to challenge. When Henry died in 1135, Stephen quickly crossed the English Channel and with the help of his brother Henry, Bishop of Winchester and Abbot of Glastonbury, took the throne, arguing that the preservation of order across the kingdom took priority over his earlier oaths to support the claim of Henry I's daughter, the Empress Matilda. The early years of Stephen's reign were largely successful, despite a series of attacks on his possessions in England and Normandy by David I of Scotland, Welsh rebels, and the Empress Matilda's husband Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou. In 1138, the Empress's half-brother Robert of Gloucester rebelled against Stephen, threatening civil war. Together with his close advisor, Waleran de Beaumont, Stephen took firm steps to defend his rule, including arresting a powerful family of bishops. When the Empress and Robert invaded in 1139, Stephen was unable to crush the revolt rapidly, and it took hold in the south-west of England. Captured at the battle of Lincoln in 1141, he was abandoned by many of his followers and lost control of Normandy. He was freed only after his wife and William of Ypres, one of his military commanders, captured Robert at the Rout of Winchester, but the war dragged on for many years with neither side able to win an advantage. Stephen became increasingly concerned with ensuring that his son Eustace would inherit his throne. The King tried to convince the Church to agree to crown Eustace to reinforce his claim; Pope Eugene III refused, and Stephen found himself in a sequence of increasingly bitter arguments with his senior clergy. In 1153, the Empress's son Henry invaded England and built an alliance of powerful regional barons to support his claim for the throne. The two armies met at Wallingford, but neither side's barons were keen to fight another pitched battle. Stephen began to examine a negotiated peace, a process hastened by the sudden death of Eustace. Later in the year Stephen and Henry agreed to the Treaty of Winchester, in which Stephen recognised Henry as his heir in exchange for peace, passing over William, Stephen's second son. Stephen died the following year. Modern historians have extensively debated the extent to which his personality, external events, or the weaknesses in the Norman state contributed to this prolonged period of civil war. Early life (1097–1135) Childhood Stephen was born in Blois, France, in either 1092 or 1096. His father was Stephen-Henry, Count of Blois and Chartres, an important French nobleman, and an active crusader, who played only a brief part in Stephen's early life. During the First Crusade Stephen-Henry had acquired a reputation for cowardice, and he returned to the Levant again in 1101 to rebuild his reputation; there he was killed at the battle of Ramlah. Stephen's mother, Adela, was the daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders, famous amongst her contemporaries for her piety, wealth and political talent. She had a strong matriarchal influence on Stephen during his early years. France in the 12th century was a loose collection of counties and smaller polities, under the minimal control of the King of France. The King's power was linked to his control of the rich province of Île-de-France, just to the east of Stephen's home county of Blois. In the west lay the three counties of Maine, Anjou and Touraine, and to the north of Blois was the Duchy of Normandy, from which William the Conqueror had conquered England in 1066. William's children were still fighting over the collective Anglo-Norman inheritance. The rulers across this region spoke a similar language, albeit with regional dialects, followed the same religion, and were closely interrelated; they were also highly competitive and frequently in conflict with one another for valuable territory and the castles that controlled them. Stephen had at least four brothers and one sister, along with two probable half-sisters. His eldest brother was William, who under normal circumstances would have ruled Blois and Chartres. William was probably intellectually disabled, and Adela instead had the counties pass to her second son, later also Count Theobald II of Champagne. Stephen's remaining older brother, Odo, died young, probably in his early teens. His younger brother, Henry of Blois, was probably born four years after him. The brothers formed a close-knit family group, and Adela encouraged Stephen to take up the role of a feudal knight, whilst steering Henry towards a career in the church, possibly so that their personal career interests would not overlap. Unusually, Stephen was raised in his mother's household rather than being sent to a close relative; he was taught Latin and riding, and was educated in recent history and Biblical stories by his tutor, William the Norman. Relationship with Henry I Stephen's early life was heavily influenced by his relationship with his uncle Henry I. Henry seized power in England following the death of his elder brother William Rufus. In 1106 he invaded and captured the Duchy of Normandy, controlled by his eldest brother, Robert Curthose, defeating Robert's army at the battle of Tinchebray. Henry then found himself in conflict with Louis VI of France, who took the opportunity to declare Robert's son William Clito the Duke of Normandy. Henry responded by forming a network of alliances with the western counties of France against Louis, resulting in a regional conflict that would last throughout Stephen's early life. Adela and Theobald allied themselves with Henry, and Stephen's mother decided to place him in Henry's court. Henry fought his next military campaign in Normandy, from 1111 onwards, where rebels led by Robert of Bellême were opposing his rule. Stephen was probably with Henry during the military campaign of 1112, when he was knighted by the King. He was present at court during the King's visit to the Abbey of Saint-Evroul in 1113. Stephen probably first visited England in either 1113 or 1115, almost certainly as part of Henry's court. Henry became a powerful patron of Stephen, and probably chose to support him because Stephen was part of his extended family and a regional ally, yet not sufficiently wealthy or powerful in his own right to represent a threat to either the King or his heir, William Adelin. As a third surviving son, even of an influential regional family, Stephen still needed the support of a powerful patron to progress in life. With Henry's support, he rapidly began to accumulate lands and possessions. Following the battle of Tinchebray in 1106, Henry confiscated the County of Mortain from his cousin William, and the Honour of Eye, a large lordship previously owned by Robert Malet. In 1113, Stephen was granted both the title and the honour, although without the lands previously held by William in England. The gift of the Honour of Lancaster also followed after it was confiscated by Henry from Roger the Poitevin. Stephen was also given lands in Alençon in southern Normandy by Henry, but the local Normans rebelled, seeking assistance from Fulk IV, Count of Anjou.[19] Stephen and his older brother Theobald were comprehensively beaten in the subsequent campaign, which culminated in the battle of Alençon, and the territories were not recovered. Finally, the King arranged for Stephen to marry Matilda in 1125, the daughter and only heiress of Eustace III, Count of Boulogne, who owned both the important continental port of Boulogne and vast estates in the north-west and south-east of England. In 1127, William Clito, a potential claimant to the English throne, seemed likely to become the Count of Flanders; Stephen was sent by the King on a mission to prevent this, and in the aftermath of his successful election, William Clito attacked Stephen's lands in neighboring Boulogne in retaliation. Eventually a truce was declared, and William Clito died the following year. "White Ship" and succession In 1120, the English political landscape changed dramatically. Three hundred passengers embarked on the "White Ship" to travel from Barfleur in Normandy to England, including the heir to the throne, William Adelin, and many other senior nobles. Stephen had intended to sail on the same ship but changed his mind at the last moment and got off to await another vessel, either out of concern for overcrowding on board the ship, or because he was suffering from diarrhea. The ship foundered en route, and all but two of the passengers died, including William Adelin. With Adelin dead, the inheritance to the English throne was thrown into doubt. Rules of succession in western Europe at the time were uncertain; in some parts of France, male primogeniture, in which the eldest son would inherit a title, was becoming more popular. It was also traditional for the King of France to crown his successor while he himself was still alive, ma...
    Page: Source of birth, death, burial, marriage, titles, and relationships
    
15. Title: King Stephen, "Find A Grave Index"
    Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVJ1-BVBT : 12 December 2022), King Stephen, ; Burial, Faversham, Swale Borough, Kent, England, Faversham Abbey Defunct; citing record ID 1950, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVJ1-BVBT;
    Page: Correct person
    
16. Title: Counts of Blois in Burke's The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. Part 1, xvi and xvii [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Burke's The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. Part 1, xvi and xvii
    Note: Counts of Blois in Burke's The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. Part 1, xvi and xvii [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Counts of Blois in Burke's The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. Part 1, xvi and xvii [See document in the Memories section]