Adela of Normandy

• Preferred Name: Adela of Normandy ^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22]}
  
• Alternate Name: Alice Of Blois England
  
• Alternate Name: Adèle de Normandie Comtesse de Blois
  
• Gender: F
  
• FSID: 2CNB-WKW
  
• Burial: in Caen, Calvados, Normandie, France at LATI: N9.184 LONG: E0.368
  
• Birth: 12 MAY 1062 in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France at LATI: N9.5 LONG: E0
  
• Death: 8 MAR 1137 in Marcigny, Saône-et-Loire, Bourgogne, France at LATI: N6.2746 LONG: E0.0415
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Adela of Normandy, of Blois, or of England (c. 1062 – 8 March 1137),[1] also known as Saint Adela in Roman Catholicism,[2] was a daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders who later became the countess of Blois, Chartres, and Meaux by marriage to Stephen II of Blois. Her husband greatly benefited from the increased social status and prestige that came with such a marriage. She brought with her not only her bloodline, but a dowry of money and other movable goods from the prodigious store of Anglo-Norman wealth. She was regent of Blois during the absence of her spouse in 1096–1100 and 1101–02, and during the minority of her son from 1102 until 1120.[3] Adela was the mother of King Stephen of England and Bishop Henry of Winchester
  
  BIO
  BIO: from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLAND,%20Kings%201066-1603.htm#Adeladied1138 as of 5/24/2016
  
  ADELA de Normandie (Normandy [1066/67]-Marigney-sur-Loire 8 Mar 1138, bur Abbey of Holy Trini
  
  Children of William the Conqueror
  Children of William the Conqueror, by Maud of Flanders:
  
  [“Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013)]
  
  1. ROBERT (nicknamed “Curthose”), Duke of Normandy, s
  
  en.Wikipedia Adela of Normandy
  Adela of Normandy, of Blois, or of England (c. 1067 – 8 March 1137),[1] also known as Saint Adela in Roman Catholicism,[2] was a daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders who later bec
  
  steven
  December 22, 1135 - Stephen of Blois is crowned King of England. He is the son of the Stephen II of Blois, the most lackluster leader of the First Crusade, and the grandson of William the Conqueror b
  
  === Maiden name ===
  born Countess BLOIS, COMTE DE CHAMPAGNE ET TROYES Stephens (born De Normandy)).
  
  === ! (1) "History of England," by W.E. Lun ===
  ! (1) "History of England," by W.E. Lunt. 4th ed. (Harper & Row, New York, 1957) p.105. (2) "Royal and Noble Families of Medieval Europe," by Gayle King Blankenship, p.E-45. ! Birth: (1) d/o William I, King of England. (2) ca. 1062, d/o William I/Matilda. Marriage to Stephen de Blois: (1) (2) 1080. Death: (1) 8 Mar 1138. (1) Died a nun.
  
  === !AFN: !1. "Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colo ===
  !AFN: !1. "Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists," Weis, 1988.

• m. 1081 in Breteuil, Eure, France

1. Alix de Blois, b. ABT 1100 in Blois, Loir-et-Cher, Centre-Val de Loire, France     d. 9 FEB 1180 in Joigny, Yonne, Bourgogne, France
2. Stephen de Blois King of England, b. 1092 or 1096 in Blois, Loir-Et-Cher, Centre-Val de Loire, France     d. BET 25 OCT 1154 AND 1194 in St Martin, Dover Castle; Dover, Kent, England
3. Theobald de Blois, b. 2 de abril de 1090 in Blois, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, França     d. 10 JAN 1152 in Lagny-sur-Marne, Seine-et-Marne, Île-de-France, France
4. William de sully Count of Sully, b. 1081 in Chartres, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France     d. 1150 in Chartres-de-Bretagne, Ille-et-Vilaine, Bretagne, France
5. Agnès de Blois, b. ABT 1080 in Winchester, Hampshire, England     d. ABT 1129 in Winchester, Hampshire, England

1. Title: William the Conqueror, King of England, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~http://shop.fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORMANDY.htm#GuillaumeIIdied1087B [See document in the Memories section]
   Publication: Name: https://www.familysearch.org/photos/artifacts/124385756;
   Note: William the Conqueror, King of England, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~http://shop.fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORMANDY.htm#GuillaumeIIdied1087B [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: William the Conqueror, King of England, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~http://shop.fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORMANDY.htm#GuillaumeIIdied1087B [See document in the Memories section]
   
2. Title: Descendants of William the Conqueror in The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. iv-v [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. iv-v
   Note: Descendants of William the Conqueror in The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. iv-v [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Descendants of William the Conqueror in The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. iv-v [See document in the Memories section]
   
3. Title: Raoul I de Vermandois, Comte de Vermandois, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/nfravalver.htm#RaoulIdied1152B [See document in the Memories section]
   Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/nfravalver.htm#RaoulIdied1152B;
   Note: Raoul I de Vermandois, Comte de Vermandois, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/nfravalver.htm#RaoulIdied1152B [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Raoul I de Vermandois, Comte de Vermandois, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/nfravalver.htm#RaoulIdied1152B [See document in the Memories section]
   
4. Title: "Illustrerad Verldshistoria" -Pedigree of the Dukes of Normandy
   Author: Illustrerad Verldshistoria, pg 202 [See document in the Memories section]
   Note: Dukes of Normandy Pedigree in Illustrerad Verldshistoria, pg 202 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Dukes of Normandy Pedigree in Illustrerad Verldshistoria, pg 202 [See document in the Memories section]
   
5. Title: Adele of Normandy, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVKJ-BQ3L : 22 November 2022), Adele of Normandy, ; Burial, Caen, Departement du Calvados, Basse-Normandie, France, Église de la Trinité de Caen; citing record ID 48107633, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVKJ-BQ3L;
   
6. Title: Alain Fergant and Constance in From Coronet to Crown, pgs. 86, 87, 257 and 272 [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: From Coronet to Crown, pgs. 86, 87, 257 and 272
   Note: Alain Fergant and Constance in From Coronet to Crown, pgs. 86, 87, 257 and 272 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Alain Fergant and Constance in From Coronet to Crown, pgs. 86, 87, 257 and 272 [See document in the Memories section]
   
7. Title: Milon de Bray, Seigneur de Montlhéry, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~http://shop.fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/parcorroc.htm#MilonMontlherydiedafter1102 [See document in the Memories section]
   Publication: Name: http://shop.fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/parcorroc.htm#MilonMontlherydiedafter1102;
   Note: Milon de Bray, Seigneur de Montlhéry, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~http://shop.fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/parcorroc.htm#MilonMontlherydiedafter1102 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Milon de Bray, Seigneur de Montlhéry, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~http://shop.fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/parcorroc.htm#MilonMontlherydiedafter1102 [See document in the Memories section]
   
8. Title: Patron Saint Stories: Saint Adela
   Publication: Name: https://www.patronsaintstories.com/adela;
   Note: Saint Adela (died 8 March 1137 A.D.) Adela comes from an Old German name that means “Of Noble Rank.” When a person has money, he or she can use it for good or for ill. Adele used her money and power to do much good. St. Adela was born sometime around the year 1067 and was the youngest daughter of William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy and King of England, and his wife Mathilde of Flanders. Adela was very well educated, spoke several languages, and was deeply religious. Around the year 1080, she married Stephen III, Count of Blois, who was one of the richest men in Europe. Together they had 11 children although some of them may have been Stephen’s children from a previous marriage because he was 20 years older than Adela. Adela supported scholars and poets at her court, and this significantly contributed to the spiritual and cultural life of her time. She continue this support all of her life. She also generously endowed abbeys and churches with money so they could expand and preserve the culture and arts of the time. Adela also corresponded on ecclesiastical matters with the Bishop of Le Mans. In 1095, Stephen became one of the leaders of the First Crusade, whose purpose was to reclaim the Holy Land for the Christians. During the four years that he was away in the Holy Land where Jesus had lived, Adela controlled hundreds of his estates in France and was so effective in her governance that she became known as “the heroine of the First Crusade.” Stephen returned home for a time, during which Adela conceived their youngest son, but then went back to the Holy Land where he was killed in battle in 1102. Adela then became regent for their eldest son Thibaud who ruled his father’s estates. In 1109 Thibaud was old enough to rule on his own, but Adela continued to exert influence over the estates by her good advice. In 1122, when her children were grown, Adela became a nun in a convent that followed the rule of life given by St. Benedict. While in the convent, she was overjoyed that her youngest son Henry was made a bishop in 1129. Adela lived in the convent in prayer and humility until her death in 1137. Adela is an excellent example of how people with money and power can use these to advance the Kingdom of God. We may not have as much money and power as she did, but what we have we can use to help others learn about and follow Jesus.
   Page: https://www.patronsaintstories.com/adela
   
9. Title: Wikipedia (English) Adela of Normandy
   Author: Adela of Normandy Countess of Blois Tenure 1089 – 19 May 1102 Born c. 1067 Normandy, France Died 8 March 1137 (aged 69–70) Marcigny-sur-Loire, France Spouse Stephen II, Count of Blois Issue William, Count of Sully Odo of Blois Theobald II, Count of Champagne Adela Stephen, King of England Lucia-Mahaut, Countess of Chester Philip of Blois, Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne Agnes de Puiset Alix of Joigni Henry, Bishop of Winchester Eleanor, Countess of Vermandois House Normandy Father William the Conqueror Mother Matilda of Flanders
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adela_of_Normandy;
   Note: Adela of Normandy, of Blois, or of England (c. 1067 – 8 March 1137),[1] also known as Saint Adela in Roman Catholicism,[2] was a daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders who later became the countess of Blois, Chartres, and Meaux by marriage to Stephen II of Blois. Her husband greatly benefited from the increased social status and prestige that came with such a marriage. She brought with her not only her bloodline, but a dowry of money and other movable goods from the prodigious store of Anglo-Norman wealth. She was regent of Blois during the absence of her spouse in 1096–1100 and 1101–02, and during the minority of her son from 1102 until 1120.[3] Adela was the mother of King Stephen of England and Bishop Henry of Winchester. Early life​: Adela was born, it is generally believed, after her father's accession to the English throne, between 1066 and 1070.[1] Her royal blood marked her as noble in the eyes of her peers. She was the favorite sister of King Henry I of England, and they were probably the youngest of the Conqueror's children.[4] Adela was a high-spirited and educated woman, with a knowledge of Latin.[5] She had three older brothers and one younger, and thus she would not inherit her father's honors, but her bloodline would be a valuable asset to any suitor.[6] Adela married Stephen Henry, son and heir to the count of Blois, between 1080 and 1083, around her fifteenth birthday.[7] Stephen was nearly twenty years her senior.[1] Stephen inherited Blois, Chartres and Meaux upon his father's death in 1089, as well as lands and right in parts of Berry and Burgundy.[7] The Thibaudian dynasty had other possessions east of Paris, and by the end of Adela's life these were coalescing into the county of Champagne. While Theobald IV takes most of the credit for the emergence of that principality, Adela helped lay its foundations.[8] Adela and her husband had a relationship based on trust and mutual respect, if not affection, and she made decisions along with Stephen.[9] She swore, for instance, to bind herself and her husband to protect the bishop of Chartres, then in a dispute with the king of France.[9] ...Please read tull text in Memories: en.Wikipedia
   
10. Title: Pedigree of William the Conqueror in Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, pg. 343 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, pg. 343
    Note: Pedigree of William the Conqueror in Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, pg. 343 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Pedigree of William the Conqueror in Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, pg. 343 [See document in the Memories section]
    
11. Title: Étienne de Blois, Comte de Blois, and Adela of England in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CENTRAL%20FRANCE.htm#StephenKingEnglanddied1154 [See document in the Memories section]
    Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CENTRAL%20FRANCE.htm#StephenKingEnglanddied1154;
    Note: Étienne de Blois, Comte de Blois, and Adela of England in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CENTRAL%20FRANCE.htm#StephenKingEnglanddied1154 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Étienne de Blois, Comte de Blois, and Adela of England in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CENTRAL%20FRANCE.htm#StephenKingEnglanddied1154 [See document in the Memories section]
    
12. Title: Wikipedia (French) - Adela de Normandie
    Author: Kimberly A. LoPrete, « The Anglo-Norman Card of Adela of Blois », Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies, vol. 22, no 4 (hiver 1990), p. 569-589 Sources « Adela of Blois », Christopher Tyerman, Who's Who in Early Medieval England, 1066-1272, Shepheard-Walwyn, 1996 (ISBN 0856831328), p. 67-68. Lois L. Huneycutt, « Adela, countess of Blois (c.1067–1137) », Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004. (en) Charles Cawley, « Central France » [archive], sur Medieval Lands, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, 2006-2016.
    Publication: Name: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%C3%A8le_de_Normandie;
    Note: Adèle de Normandie ou d'Angleterre (v. 10671,2-8 mars 11372), princesse anglaise, fut régente de la principauté de Blois-Chartres, et mère du roi Étienne d'Angleterre. Biographie Une femme de pouvoir Elle est la fille de Guillaume le Conquérant († 1087), duc de Normandie et roi d'Angleterre, et de Mathilde de Flandre († 1083). Sa date de naissance a généralement été estimée à la période 1060-1062, mais un poème écrit pour elle lorsqu'elle était régente de Blois suggère que son père est déjà couronné lors de sa naissance. Il est donc assez probable qu'elle soit la plus jeune des filles du Conquérant et qu'elle soit née entre le début de la conquête normande de l'Angleterre et la naissance de son plus jeune frère Henri, le futur Henri Ier (fin 1068-début 1069)2. Des sources tardives relatent que, encore enfant, elle est promise à Simon de Crépy, le comte d'Amiens et héritier présomptif des comtés de Valois et Mantes2. Mais en 1077, il embrasse la vie monastique. Elle est finalement fiancée à Étienne Henri, comte de Blois, Châteaudun, Chartres et Meaux, et elle l'épouse entre 1080 et 1085 à Bourgueil2. Elle s'implique dans la gestion de la principauté de son mari, puisqu'on la retrouve régulièrement témoin des chartes de celui-ci2. Elle s'occupe aussi du patronage ecclésiastique du comté, et s'allie avec l'évêque Yves de Chartres pour faire régner la paix et l'ordre dans le comté2. Ayant hérité de l'appétit et de l'habileté à régner de son père, elle persuade son faible mari de rejoindre la première croisade en 1096, afin de pouvoir régir elle-même ses comtés3. Étienne-Henri, responsable des fonds de la croisade, découragé par les rigueurs et les difficultés du siège d'Antioche, déserte de la ville assiégée en 1098, afin d'éviter une mort inéluctable3. Mais des croisés survivent, et réussissent à reprendre Jérusalem en 10993. De retour à Blois, il est fraîchement accueilli par Adèle qui se dit offusquée d'être mariée à un lâche3. Après une campagne de harcèlement moral, elle le persuade de penser à sa réputation, et de retourner en Terre sainte3. Étienne-Henri repart en 1101, et trouve une mort digne l'année suivante à Ramla3. Pendant ses absences, Adèle contrôle totalement la gestion de la principauté, et continue de la régir seule jusqu'en 1107, quand son fils Thibaut est adoubé chevalier2. Ils gèrent alors le comté ensemble jusqu'en 11202. Elle maintient son réseau de contacts politiques, notamment avec son frère Henri Ier d'Angleterre, à qui elle a confié deux de ses fils, Étienne, qui lui succédera sur le trône d'Angleterre, et Henri qui recevra le plus riche évêché d'Angleterre, Winchester3. Adèle et trois de ses enfants : Guillaume, Thibaud IV le Grand et Étienne. Elle semble très proche de son frère Henri2. Lorsque, en 1105, celui-ci est sur le point de se faire excommunier par le pape Pascal II à la suite de la querelle des investitures laïques, Adèle sert de conciliatrice et arrange une rencontre entre les deux hommes en Normandie qui se conclut par une trêve2. Anselme de Cantorbéry, dans une lettre adressée au pape, vante ses qualités de négociatrice et la décrit comme un ardent soutien du mouvement de réforme2. En 1101, elle envoie cent chevaliers de ses comtés à l'ost du roi Louis VI, pour le siège de Montmorency, parce que ses fils Guillaume et Thibault sont trop jeunes pour conduire leurs troupes2. Elle utilise encore ses talents de conciliatrice dans le conflit qui oppose le roi de France et ses alliés à son frère Henri Ier d'Angleterre et son fils Théobald, en 1113 et encore en 11182. Elle se retire au Prieuré de la Sainte-Trinité de Marcigny-lès-Nonnains entre 1120 et 1122, et elle y meurt en 1137, peut-être un 3 mars2. Une tradition tardive basée sur une erreur de personne veut qu'elle choisisse de se faire enterrer à Caen aux côtés de sa mère et de ses sœurs, sous l'inscription « Adèle, fille du roi », mais les preuves contemporaines placent sa tombe à Marcigny2. Une femme de culture C'était l'une des femmes les plus lettrées de son époque. Elle s'intéressait particulièrement aux sciences géographiques et astronomiques4. Elle comptait parmi ses amis deux intellectuels importants de son époque, le canoniste Yves de Chartres, et Anselme de Cantorbéry. Son goût pour la littérature, la poésie et les sciences indique qu'elle a reçu une éducation très soignée, probablement dans un environnement monastique ou par des précepteurs2. Elle semble aussi très impliquée dans la vie ecclésiastique. Notamment, le pape Pascal II fait un long séjour dans ses domaines lors de sa tournée en France de 11072. Elle correspond aussi avec l'évêque Hildebert du Mans et Baudri de Bourgueil qui devient, peut-être grâce à son soutien, évêque de Dol2. L'un de ses admirateurs, le poète Baudri de Bourgueil, composa un poème décrivant sa chambre5 : il y a plusieurs tentures, l'une représente la Genèse jusqu'au déluge, une autre représente des scènes allant de l'Arche de Noé jusqu'à la construction du Temple par Salomon, une troisième des scènes de la mythologie grecque6. Une autre semble être une version plus réduite de la Tapisserie de Bayeux7. Le plafond est peint d'étoiles, de planètes et de signes du zodiaque, et le sol une mappemonde6. Famille et descendance Entre 1080 et 1085 à Bourgueil, elle épouse Étienne Henri, comte de Blois, Châteaudun et de Chartres et Meaux. Ensemble, ils ont pour descendance connue2: Guillaume (v. 1090-v. 1150), déshérité2 pour des problèmes mentaux. Il épouse cependant l'héritière de la seigneurie de Sully et a des descendants2 ; Thibaud IV le Grand (v. 1090 ou 1095-1152), comte de Blois, de Châteaudun, de Chartres et de Champagne ; Eudes, mort jeune2 ; Mathilde (v. 1095-1120), mariée en 1115 à Richard d'Avranches, 2e comte de Chester ; Étienne (v. 10928 ou 1096-1154), comte de Mortain, puis roi d'Angleterre en 1135 ; Henri (v. 10969 ou 1100-1171), abbé de Glastonbury puis évêque de Winchester. Enfants possibles dont la filiation n'est pas prouvée10 : Agnès11, épouse d'Hugues III, seigneur du Puiset ; Lithuaise ou Adélaïde, mariée en 1112 (et séparée en 1113) à Milon de Bray, seigneur de Montlhéry ; Éléonore, mariée en 1120 à Raoul de Vermandois et répudiée en 1142 ; Alix épouse de Renard III, comte de Joigny.
    
13. Title: Guillaume de Blois, Seigneur de Sully, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/cfragobs.htm#GuillaumeChartresSullydied1150B [See document in the Memories section]
    Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/cfragobs.htm#GuillaumeChartresSullydied1150B;
    Note: Guillaume de Blois, Seigneur de Sully, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/cfragobs.htm#GuillaumeChartresSullydied1150B [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Guillaume de Blois, Seigneur de Sully, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/cfragobs.htm#GuillaumeChartresSullydied1150B [See document in the Memories section]
    
14. Title: EUSTACHE [III] de Boulogne in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
    Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORTHERN%20FRANCE.htm#EustacheIIIdied1125;
    Note: 1. EUSTACHE [III] de Boulogne (-1125 or after). His parentage is specified in his donation to Saint-Bertin dated 1122, for the souls of "Eustacii comitis patris mei et Yde matris mee comitisse"[476]. He is not named as one of her sons by "Ida comitisse Boloniensis" in the latter's charter for the soul of her husband[477]. William of Tyre records him as brother of Godefroi and Baudouin, naming him last of the three[478]. It is not known whether this indicates that he was the youngest of the three brothers, or was simply a reflection of his less significant role in affairs in Palestine. His inheritance of the paternal possessions and titles suggests that he was the oldest brother, at any rate older than his brother Baudouin. He succeeded as Comte de Boulogne, Comte de Lens. This would normally be an indication of his seniority in the family. However, given the superior position of his brother Godefroi as Duke of Lower Lotharingia, it may have been decided that the less important paternal inheritance would pass to a younger son. He was a member of the company of Robert II Count of Flanders on the First Crusade, joining his brothers after arriving in Constantinople in 1097[479]. Albert of Aix records the arrival in Constantinople of "Robertus Normannorum comes, Stephanus Blesensis, Eustachius frater prædicti Ducis", dated to early 1097 from the context[480]. In Palestine in 1099, he returned to Boulogne soon after. "Eustacius Bolonie comes" confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Samer by charter dated Jul 1112, subscribed by "Cononis de Fieules, Eustacii et Rogerii filiorum eius…"[481]. Albert of Aix records that Baudouin appointed "fratri Eustachio" as his successor on his deathbed if he would come to Jerusalem, or if he failed to come "Baldewinus de Burg"[482]. A legation left Jerusalem for Boulogne in Apr 1118 to invite him to succeed. Eustache left Boulogne for Jerusalem, but when he reached Apulia he received news that Baudouin du Bourg had been chosen as king. He refused to press his claim further, and retired to the Cluniac monastery at Rumilly in [1125]. "Eustachius olim comes Boloniensis nunc autem…monachus Cluniacensis" donated property to Cluny by charter dated 1125 which names "Maria uxore mea…[et] Mathildi filia mea", and is subscribed by "Stephani comitis Bolonie, Matildis comitisse"[483]. m (1102) MARY of Scotland, daughter of MALCOLM III "Caennmor/Bighead" King of Scotland & his second wife [St] Margaret of England (-31 May 1116 or 18 Apr 1118, bur Bermondsey Priory). Orderic Vitalis records that their mother sent Mary and her sister Eadgyth to be brought up by her sister Christina, nun at Romsey Abbey[484]. Florence of Worcester records that Henry I King of England arranged the marriage of "Mariam reginæ sororem" and "Eustatio Bononensium comiti" in [1102][485]. Her marriage is also recorded by Orderic Vitalis, who also names her daughter[486]. The Genealogica comitum Buloniensium records that "Eustachius, frater Balduini regis Iheruslame" married "Mariam filiam regis Scotiæ"[487]. The 12th century Cronica Regum Scottorum records the death "II Kal Jun" in 1116 of "Maria…comitissa" and her burial "apud Bermundseiam"[488]. The Chronicle of John of Fordun records that "Mary countess of Bouillon" died in "the third year before her sister’s death"[489]. Comte Eustache [III] & his wife had one child: a) MATHILDE de Boulogne ([1103/05]-Hedingham Castle, Essex 2/3 or 30 May or 3 Jul 1151, bur Faversham Abbey, Kent). Her parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[490]. The Genealogica comitum Buloniensium names Mathilde daughter of "Eustachius, frater Balduini regis Iheruslame" and his wife "Mariam filiam regis Scotiæ", also recording her marriage with "Stephano, filio Stephani Blesensis comitis"[491]. She succeeded her father as Ctss de Boulogne. "Stephanus comes Bolonie et Morethonii et Mathildis comitissa" confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Samer by charter dated 1141 (presumably misdated because of the donors’ titles), subscribed by "…Eustachius de Fielnes, Willelmus et Rogerus fratres sui…"[492]. She was crowned Queen Consort of England at Westminster Abbey 22 Mar 1136. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1152 of "Matildis uxor Stephani regis Anglorum" and in a later passage her burial "in monasterio Fasseham", recording that she had founded the abbey[493]. m ([1124/25]) ETIENNE de Blois Comte de Mortain, son of ETIENNE Comte de Blois & his wife Adela of England (Blois [1096/97]-Dover 25 Oct 1154, bur Faversham Abbey, Kent). Comte de Boulogne, in right of his wife, before 1125. He succeeded 22 Dec 1135 as STEPHEN King of England, crowned at Westminster Abbey 26 Dec 1135. His first cousin Matilda Lady of the English, daughter of Henry I King of England, disputed Stephen’s accession. During the ensuing civil war in England, Stephen was deposed and imprisoned by Matilda 7-10 April 1141, but restored to the throne 1 Nov 1141. He was crowned a second time at Canterbury Cathedral 1141, and a third time at Lincoln Cathedral 1146. - see below, Part B. Comte Eustache [III] had [three] illegitimate children by unknown mistresses: b) RAOUL de Boulogne (-after [1122/25]). Witness, with his brother Eustache, of their father's charters in 1106 (in favour of St Paul's London) and in [1120/25] (in favour of Roger de Sumerio)[494]. "Rodulfi filii comitis Eustacii" witnessed his father's donation to Saint-Bertin dated 1122[495]. c) EUSTACHE de Boulogne. Witness, with his brother Raoul, of their father's charters in 1106 (in favour of St Paul's London) and in [1120/25] (in favour of Roger de Sumerio)398. m ---. The name of Eustache's wife is not known. Eustache & his wife had one child: i) EUSTACHE (-after [1176/77]). The 1164/65 Pipe Roll names "Eustachius fil Eust fil Com" accounting for relief of his land in Essex/Hertfordshire[496]. The 1176/77 Pipe Roll names "Eustacius filius Eustacii filii Comitis" in Essex and Hertfordshire[497]. d) [GODEFROI (-killed in battle al-Sinnabrah 28 Jun 1113). William of Malmesbury names him "bastard great-nephew [abnepos eius nothus]" of Baudouin I King of Jerusalem[498]. "…Gotafredus nepos regis…" subscribed the charter dated 20 Jun 1112 under which Baudouin I King of Jerusalem confirmed the possessions of the Knights Hospitallers[499]. Murray points out that his being the illegitimate son of Eustache [III] Comte de Boulogne is only one of the various possibilities[500]. He was killed fighting Tughtikin atabeg of Damascus and Mawdud of Mosul.
    Page: Eustache, Comte de Boulogne, and Ida of Lorraine in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORTHERN%20FRANCE.htm#EustacheIIB [See document in the Memories section]
    
15. Title: Lives of the Princesses of England
    Author: Vol 1, Mary Ann Everett Green, published by Henry Colburn c 1850
    Publication: Name: https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044005276720&view=1up&seq=98;
    Note: see memories
    
16. Title: Encyclopaedia Britannica: Adela, DAUGHTER OF WILLIAM I THE CONQUEROR
    Publication: Name: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adela;
    Note: Adela, French Adéle, (born 1062?—died 1137), daughter of William I the Conqueror of England and mother of Stephen, king of England, whose right to the throne derived through her. Adela was married to Stephen, count of Meaux and Brie, in 1080 at Breteuil. Upon the death of his father in 1090, her husband succeeded to the countships of Blois and Chartres. She took an active interest in civil and ecclesiastical affairs and was instrumental in rebuilding the Cathedral of Chartres in stone. In 1095 she became regent when her husband, at her urging, took part in the First Crusade to the Holy Land. He returned in 1099 but left to join the Second Crusade in 1101 and was killed in battle at Ramula. Adela continued as regent during the minority of her sons and was increasingly active in public life. Anselm, the archbishop of Canterbury, her guest and teacher in 1097, was often entertained by her between 1103 and 1105, and she helped to effect a temporary reconciliation between him and her brother the English king Henry I in regard to the investiture controversy. In 1107 Adela entertained Pope Paschal II during Easter and in the following year was hostess to Bohemond I, prince of Antioch. She made her son Theobald her successor in 1109 and entered a convent in the diocese of Autun but continued to wield an important influence in public and clerical affairs. She persuaded Theobald to join her brother Henry I against the king of France in 1117.
    Page: Adela, French Adéle, (born 1062?—died 1137), daughter of William I the Conqueror of England and mother of Stephen, king of England, whose right to the throne derived through her. Adela was married to Stephen, count of Meaux and Brie, in 1080 at Breteuil. Upon the death of his father in 1090, her husband succeeded to the countships of Blois and Chartres. She took an active interest in civil and ecclesiastical affairs and was instrumental in rebuilding the Cathedral of Chartres in stone. In 1095 she became regent when her husband, at her urging, took part in the First Crusade to the Holy Land. He returned in 1099 but left to join the Second Crusade in 1101 and was killed in battle at Ramula. Adela continued as regent during the minority of her sons and was increasingly active in public life. Anselm, the archbishop of Canterbury, her guest and teacher in 1097, was often entertained by her between 1103 and 1105, and she helped to effect a temporary reconciliation between him and her brother the English king Henry I in regard to the investiture controversy. In 1107 Adela entertained Pope Paschal II during Easter and in the following year was hostess to Bohemond I, prince of Antioch. She made her son Theobald her successor in 1109 and entered a convent in the diocese of Autun but continued to wield an important influence in public and clerical affairs. She persuaded Theobald to join her brother Henry I against the king of France in 1117.
    
17. Title: Counts of Blois in Burke's The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. Part 1, xvi and xvii [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Burke's The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. Part 1, xvi and xvii
    Note: Counts of Blois in Burke's The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. Part 1, xvi and xvii [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Counts of Blois in Burke's The Royal Families of England, Scotland and Wales, pg. Part 1, xvi and xvii [See document in the Memories section]
    
18. Title: Hugues and Richard d’Avranches, Earls of Chester, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL.htm#RichardAvranchesdied1120 [See document in the Memories section]
    Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL.htm#RichardAvranchesdied1120;
    Note: Hugues and Richard d’Avranches, Earls of Chester, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL.htm#RichardAvranchesdied1120 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Hugues and Richard d’Avranches, Earls of Chester, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL.htm#RichardAvranchesdied1120 [See document in the Memories section]
    
19. Title: Stephen, King of England, and Mathilde of Boulogne in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
    Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLAND,%20Kings%201066-1603.htm#Stephendied1154B;
    Note: Chapter 2. KING of ENGLAND 1135-1154 (BLOIS) ETIENNE de Blois, son of ETIENNE Comte de Blois & his wife Adela of England (Blois [1096/97]-Dover 25 Oct 1154, bur Faversham Abbey, Kent[315]). Orderic Vitalis records that “Stephanus Blesensis palatinus comes” and his wife had “filios quatuor: Guillelmum et Tedbaldum, Stephanumque et Henricum”, adding that Etienne received “comitatum Moritolii in Normannia et multos in Anglia...honores” from “Henrici regis avunculi sui”[316]. Orderic Vitalis records that he was created Comte de Mortain by Henry I King of England "after Guillaume Comte de Mortain was captured at Tinchebrai" (1106)[317]. He was invested with Séez, Alençon, Le Mêle-sur-Sarthe and Almenèches with La Roche-Mabille by his brother Comte Thibaut IV, after the latter was invested with these lands by Henry I King of England who had confiscated them from Robert de Bellême[318]. It is difficult to date this event accurately. Robert de Bellême's territories were confiscated in 1112, but the passage in Orderic follows a description of the rebellion of Robert Giroie which is assumed to have taken place in Jul [1119]. Comte de Boulogne, de iure uxoris, before 1125. "Stephanus comes Bolonie et Morethonii et Mathildis comitissa" confirmed the possessions of the abbey of Samer by charter dated 1141 (presumably misdated because of the donors’ titles), subscribed by "…Eustachius de Fielnes, Willelmus et Rogerus fratres sui…"[319]. After the death of his uncle Henry I King of England, Stephen crossed at once to England[320] before his rival, King Henry's daughter Matilda, and had himself crowned as STEPHEN King of England at Westminster Abbey 22 Dec 1135. His first cousin Matilda continued to dispute the succession. During the civil war which ensued, Stephen was deposed and imprisoned by Matilda 7-10 April 1141, but restored to the throne 1 Nov 1141. He was crowned a second time at Canterbury Cathedral 1141, and a third time at Lincoln Cathedral 1146. Robert of Torigny records the death "1154 VIII Kal Nov" as "Stephanus rex Anglorum" and his burial "in monasterio Fasseham"[321]. m (before 1125) MATHILDE Ctss de Boulogne, daughter of EUSTACHE [III] Comte de Boulogne & his wife Mary of Scotland ([1103/05]-Hedingham Castle, Essex 2/3 or 30 May or 3 Jul 1151, bur Faversham Abbey[322]). Her parentage is recorded by Orderic Vitalis[323]. The Genealogica comitum Buloniensium names Mathilde as daughter of "Eustachius, frater Balduini regis Iheruslame" and his wife "Mariam filiam regis Scotiæ", also recording her marriage with "Stephano, filio Stephani Blesensis comitis"[324]. The Chronicle of Gervase records the coronation "XI Kal Apr 1136…apud Westmonasterium" of "uxor regis Stephani"[325]. She and her husband founded the Benedictine Abbey of Faversham in Kent, which was first colonised by the Cluniac house of Bermondsey[326]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1152 of "Matildis uxor Stephani regis Anglorum" and in a later passage her burial "in monasterio Fasseham", recording that she had founded the abbey[327]. The Chronicle of Gervase records the death "V Non Mai 1152" of "Matildis regina" and her burial "apud Faversham"[328]. Mistress (1): ([1115/20]) DAMETA, a Norman woman, daughter of ---. Her son granted her the manor of Chelsea for an annual rent of £4[329]. same person as…? DAMETA, daughter of ROBERT & his second wife Felicia ---. She is named and her parentage given by Orderic Vitalis[330]. There is no proof that this co-identity is correct. However, the chronology is favourable and no other person with this name has yet been found in the primary sources consulted during the preparation of this document. Mistress (2): ---. The name of Stephen's second mistress is not known. King Stephen & his wife had five children: 1. BAUDOUIN de Blois ([1126]-Tower of London [1136/37], bur Priory of Holy Trinity, Aldgate Without, London). William of Newburgh records his burial, together with that of his sister Mathilde, as "children of King Stephen and Queen", quoting the records of Holy Trinity[331]. The reference to his parents as king and queen indicates that he died after his father's accession, but his relative absence from other sources suggests that the event occurred soon after this. King Stephen donated property to Holy Trinity Priory, London, for the souls of "Mathildis filie mee et Bald[wini] filii mei", by charter dated to [1139/46][332]. 2. EUSTACE de Blois ([1127/31]-Bury St Edmund’s 10 or 16 Aug 1153, bur Faversham Abbey, Kent[333]). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Eustacium et Guilelmum" as the two sons of "rex Anglorum Stefanus"[334]. Recorded as son of King Stephen by Matthew Paris, who specifies that he did homage to Louis VI King of France in 1137 as Duke of Normandy[335], but Geoffroy "Plantagenet" Comte d'Anjou conquered Rouen and the whole Duchy in Jan 1144. He was installed as EUSTACHE [IV] Comte de Boulogne at Christmas [1146/47]. The Gesta Stephani Regis records that King Stephen knighted "Eustachium filium suum", dated from the context to [1147][336]. Maybe created an earl by his father in 1147, possibly Earl of Huntingdon[337], although this would have been at the same time that the title was held by Simon de Saint-Lis. He was crowned associate king of England in 1152 by Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury. Robert of Torigny records the death "1153 mense Augusto circa octavus sancti Laurentii" of "Eustachius filius Stephani regis Anglorum", and in a later passage his burial "in monasterio Fasseham"[338]. m (Paris Feb 1140) as her first husband, CONSTANCE de France, daughter of LOUIS VI King of France & his wife Adélaïde de Savoie ([1128]-Reims 16 Aug after 1177). The Genealogiæ Scriptoris Fusniacensis refers to the sister of King Louis as wife firstly of "Eustachieus comes Bolonie" and secondly of "comiti de Sancto Egidio", specifying that she had children by the latter, but does not name her[339]. The De Genere Comitum Flandrensium, Notæ Parisienses names "filiam unam [Ludovicum regem Grossum] nomine Constantiam"[340]. Her brother Louis VII arranged her first marriage to symbolise his support for Stephen King of England against his cousin Empress Matilda and her husband Geoffroy Comte d'Anjou. William of Newburgh records the betrothal of Eustache, son of King Stephen, and "regi Francorum…sororem eius Constantiam"[341]. The Continuator of Florence of Worcester records the marriage in Feb [1140] of "regis Anglie Stephani…filius" and "Francorum regis sororem"[342]. The Chronicle of Gervase records the marriage "mense Februario 1140" of "Eustachius filius regis Stephani" and "sororem regis Francia Lodovici Constantiam"[343]. Her marriage is recorded by Matthew Paris, who specifies that she was sister of Louis VII King of France[344]. She married secondly (10 Aug 1154, separated 1166) as his first wife, Raymond V Comte de Toulouse. Her brother arranged her second marriage to cement his alliance with Toulouse against Henri d'Anjou Duke of Normandy [later Henry II King of England] who had just allied himself with Aragon. Baudouin IV King of Jerusalem confirmed a sale of property, with the consent of "…Constantiæ sorori regis Franciæ et S. Egidii comitissæ", by charter dated [Sep/Dec] 1177[345]. The necrology of the abbey of Saint-Denis records the death "XVII Kal Sep" of "Constantia filia Ludovici regis"[346]. 3. WILLIAM de Blois ([1132/37]-11 Oct 1159, bur hospital of Montmorillon, Poitou). The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Eustacium et Guilelmum" as the two sons of "rex Anglorum Stefanus"[347]. His parentage is recorded by Matthew Paris[348]. Earl of Warenne and Surrey, Lord of Pevensey and Norwich [1148/49], de iure uxoris[349]. He succeeded his brother in 1153 as GUILLAUME Comte de Boulogne. He was disinherited from the throne of England by his father in Nov 1153 under the treaty confirming the succession of Henry Plantagenet, although under its terms he was allowed to hold all lands which his father had held before becoming king, including the counties of Mortain and Boulogne, and the honors of Eye and Lancaster[350]. He succeeded his father in 1154 as Comte de Mortain. He surrendered Pevensey, Norwich and other strongholds in England and Normandy to King Henry II in 1157. He was knighted by Henry II at Carlisle in 1158[351]. Robert of Torigny records that "Guillelmus comes Moritonii" died "1159 mense Octobris" while returning from serving in the Toulouse campaign, that he died without children and that King Henry II retained his county[352]. Ralph de Diceto’s Ymagines Historiarum record in 1159 that “Gulielmus comes Boloniæ filius regis Stephani” died “in reditu Tolosæ”[353]. m (before 6 Nov 1153, maybe before [1148/49]) as her first husband, ISABELLE de Warenne, daughter & heiress of WILLIAM [III] de Warenne Earl of Surrey & his wife Ela de Ponthieu (-[12 Jul 1203], bur Chapter House, Lewes). Robert of Torigny records that "filiam tercii Guillermi de Warenna" married "Guillermus filius Stephani regis"[354]. Robert of Torigny records the marriage in 1164 of "Hamelinus naturalis frater regis Henrici" and "comitissam de Guarenna, relictam Willelmi comitis Moritoni filii Stephani regis, …filia tercii Willermi comitis de Guarenna"[355]. The primary source which confirms her name has not yet been identified. She married secondly ([Apr] 1164) [as his second wife,] Hamelin d’Anjou, illegitimate son of Geoffroy V Comte d’Anjou. 4. MATHILDE de Blois ([1133/34]-before 1141, bur Priory of Holy Trinity, Aldgate Without, London). Daughter of King Stephen, Orderic Vitalis records her betrothal when she was "two years old" but does not name her[356]. The Chronicon Valassense names "comes Mellenti Gualerannus" and "uxore sua regis Stephani familia"[357]. William of Newburgh records her burial, together with that of her brother Baudouin, as "children of King Steph
    Page: Stephen, King of England, and Mathilde of Boulogne in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLAND,%20Kings%201066-1603.htm#Stephendied1154B [See document in the Memories section]
    
20. Title: Thibaut de Blois, Comte de Blois de Troyes, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CENTRAL%20FRANCE.htm#ThibautIVdied1152A [See document in the Memories section]
    Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CENTRAL%20FRANCE.htm#ThibautIVdied1152A;
    Note: Thibaut de Blois, Comte de Blois de Troyes, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CENTRAL%20FRANCE.htm#ThibautIVdied1152A [See document in the Memories section] THIBAUT de Blois, son of ETIENNE Comte de Blois & his wife Adela of England ([1090/95]-10 Jan 1152, bur Lagny). He succeeded his father in 1102 as THIBAUT IV “le Grand/le Vieil” Comte de Blois, de Troyes. m ([1125]) MATHILDE von Sponheim, daughter of ENGELBERT Marchese of Istria [later Duke of Carinthia] [Sponheim] & his wife Uta von Passau [Ratpotonen] (-[13 Dec] [1160/1161]). Comte Thibaut IV & his wife had ten children.
    Page: Thibaut de Blois, Comte de Blois de Troyes, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CENTRAL%20FRANCE.htm#ThibautIVdied1152A [See document in the Memories section]
    
21. Title: "Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans"
    Page: Rollo, Poppa of Bayeux and William Long Sword in Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans, pg. 181-183 [See document in the Memories section]
    
22. Title: Alain Fergant and Constance in The Bayeux Tapestry, Chart between pages 104 and 105 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: The Bayeux Tapestry, Chart between pages 104 and 105
    Note: Alain Fergant and Constance in The Bayeux Tapestry, Chart between pages 104 and 105 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Alain Fergant and Constance in The Bayeux Tapestry, Chart between pages 104 and 105 [See document in the Memories section]