Olav Haraldsen of Norway II

• Preferred Name: Olav Haraldsen of Norway II^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}
  
• Alternate Name: Haraldsson
  
• Alternate Name: Óláfr Haraldsson
  
• Alternate Name: Olav Haraldsson
  
• Gender: M
  
• Religion: Roman CatholicBET 1013 AND 1030 in Norway at LATI: N2 LONG: E0
  
• LdsEndowment: 12 JAN 1939 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• Death: 29 JUL 1030 in Stiklestad, Nord-Trondelag, Norway at LATI: N3.8 LONG: E1.55
  
• Religion: Roman Catholic in Norway at LATI: N2 LONG: E0
  
• Birth: ABT 995 in Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway at LATI: N0.1167 LONG: E0.2667
  
• FSID: KF5H-44Z
  
• LdsBaptism: 4 NOV 1933 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• Burial: 3 AUG 1030 in St. Clemens Kirke, Trondheim, Sor-Trondelag, Norway at LATI: N3.4297 LONG: E0.3933
  
• Nickname:
  
• Christianizing+Norway: with note: Description: Olaf has traditionally been seen as leading the Christianisation of Norway, but most scholars of the period now believe that Olaf had little to do with the process. Olaf brought with him Grimkell, who is usually credited with helping him create episcopal sees and further organising the Norwegian church, but Grimkell was only a member of Olaf's household and no permanent sees were created until c. 1100. Also, Olaf and Grimkell most likely did not introduce new ecclesiastical laws to Norway; these were ascribed to Olaf at a later date. Olaf most likely did try to bring Christianity to the interior of Norway, where it was less prevalent.[20] Questions have also been raised about the nature of Olaf's Christianity. Modern historians generally agree that Olaf was inclined to violence and brutality, and note that earlier scholars often neglected this side of his character. It seems that, like many Scandinavian kings, Olaf used his Christianity to gain more power for the monarchy and centralize control in Norway. The skaldic verses attributed to Olaf do not speak of Christianity at all, but use pagan references to describe romantic relationships.[11][21] In his book The Conversion of Scandinavia, Anders Winroth argues that there was a "long process of assimilation, in which the Scandinavians adopted, one by one and over time, individual Christian practices."[22] Winroth does not claim that Olaf was not Christian, but argues that we cannot think of any Scandinavians as fully converting as portrayed in the later hagiographies or sagas. Olaf himself is portrayed in later sources as a saintly miracle-working figure to help support this quick view of conversion for Norway, but the historical Olaf did not act this way, as seen especially in the skaldic verses attributed to him.
  
• LdsSealingToParents: 9 MAR 1953 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• Sainthood: 29 JUL 1031 in Trondheim, Sør-Trøndelag, Norway at LATI: N3.4297 LONG: E0.3933 with note: Description: St Olaf
  
• Christening: 1013 in Rouen, Normandie, France at LATI: N9.4447 LONG: E0.0933
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  "Olaf II Haraldsson, later known as St. Olaf, was King of Norway from 1015 to 1028."
  
  "St.Olaf II's Old Norse name is Ólafr Haraldsson. During his lifetime he was known as Olaf 'the fat' or 'the stout' or simply as Olaf 'the big'. In Norway today, he is commonly referred to as Olav den hellige or Heilage-Olav in honour of his sainthood."
  
  "St. Olaf was born in Ringerike. His mother was Åsta Gudbrandsdatter, and his father was Harald Grenske. Harald Grenske died when Åsta Gudbrandsdatter was pregnant with Olaf."
  
  "In 1019 Olaf married Astrid Olofsdotter, King Olof's illegitimate daughter and the half-sister of his former fiancée. The union produced a daughter, Wulfhild, who married Ordulf, Duke of Saxony in 1042."
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaf_II_of_Norway
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrid_Olofsdotter_of_Sweden
  
  [NB: Information sourced from Wikipedia is subject to change by third-parties. Follow the URL(s) noted above to review the latest content.]
  
  In Wikipedia it is also stated Olav had a concubine, Alvhild, who gave birth to his son Magnus.
  .
  
  === of Norway ===
  of Norway

• m. FEB 1019 in Sarpsborg, Norway

1. Ulvhild Av Norge, b. 1020 in Sarpsborg, Tune, Smaalenenes, Norvège     d. 24 MAY 1071 in Lüneburg, Niedersachsen, Allemagne
2. Magnus Olavsson, b. 1024 in Oslo, Norway     d. 25 OCT 1047 in Skibby, Sjælland, Danmark

1. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
   Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORWAY.htm#OlavIIdied1030;
   Note: [St] OLAV Haraldson (maybe posthumously 995-killed in battle Stiklestad 29 Jul 1030, bur in a sandbank in the river at Trondheim, transferred to St Clement's church later transformed into Trondheim Cathedral). Snorre records the birth of Olav son of Harald "Grenske" & his wife in Summer 995, implying that he was born after his father was killed[249]. The Historia Norwegie names "Olauum perpetuum regem Norwegie" as son of "Haroldum Grensca" & his wife[250]. According to William of Jumièges, Olav was christened [998] at Rouen[251]. He defeated Erik Haakonsson Ladejarl Regent of Norway at Nesjar[252] and succeeded in imposing himself 1016 as OLAV II King of Norway. The Gwentian Chronicle records that "Eulaf came to the island of Britain…to Menevia…and devastated Dyved" in 1021[253]. He reunified Norway, by incorporating the interior eastern parts of the country and the Vik area. He imposed a feudal system of administration modelled on Normandy, where he had spent time in his youth. The heads of the major farming families entered his service as vassals ("lendmenn") in return for receiving revenues from royal farms and a share of fines imposed by the courts. He completed the process of Christianisation of Norway, became head of the church in Norway and appointed a national bishop, placed under the supervision of the Archbishop of Bremen. Ecclesiastical administration was organised under an Act passed by a national meeting ("riksting") in 1024. In alliance with Sweden, King Olav defeated Knud King of Denmark in a naval battle off Scania. However, his Swedish allies deserted him, and revolt broke out against him in Norway. He was forced into exile in 1028 by King Knud, who imposed himself as king of Norway. Olav sought refuge in Russia with his brother-in-law Iaroslav Grand Prince of Kiev. He was defeated and killed on his return to Norway in 1030. Adam of Bremen records that King Olav died "IV Kal Aug" and that he reigned 12 years[254]. Soon after his death he was seen as a national hero, and considered a saint. m (Feb 1019) ASTRID Olofsdottir, illegitimate daughter of OLOF "Skotkoning" King of Sweden & his mistress ---. Snorre names "Emund, Astrid, Holmfrid" as the children of King Olof by his concubine Edla, specifying that Astrid was brought up in West Gautland in the house of Egil[255]. Adam of Bremen records that the wife of Olav King of Norway was "rege Sueonum…filiam"[256]. The Historia Norwegie records that Olav married "soror Margarete" after his betrothal to the latter was terminated by her marriage to "rex Iarezlafus de Ruscia"[257]. Snorre records the marriage of King Olav and "Astrid, daughter of the Swedish king Olaf"[258]. Her marriage was arranged to appease Swedish opposition to King Olav II's recently assumed rule. She remained in Sweden with her daughter when her husband left for Russia[259]. Mistress (1): ALVHILD [Elfhildis], daughter of --- (-after 1047). Snorre names "Alfhild…the king's slave-woman…of good descent"[260]. According to William of Malmesbury, she was English and captured by the Norwegians. Morkinskinna records that King Magnus´s mother grieved for her son when he died[261]. King Olav II & his wife had one child: (a) ULFHILD Olavsdatter (-24 May 1071). Snorre names Ulfhild as the daughter of King Olav & his wife[262]. Adam of Bremen records the betrothal of "soror Magni regis" and "Ordulfo ducis filio" at a meeting in Schleswig between Bernhard Duke of Saxony and Magnus King of Norway[263]. Morkinskinna names “King Magnus…sister…Úlfhildr…daughter of King Óláfr” and records her marriage to “a powerful duke named Otto south in Saxony”[264]. The Annalista Saxo names "Wifhildem…filiam Olaph Nortmannorum regis et martiris" as wife of Duke Ordulf[265]. The necrology of Lüneburg records the death "24 May" of "Wulfhild ductrix"[266]. m (Nov 1042) as his first wife, ORDULF Duke in Saxony, son of BERNHARD II Duke in Saxony [Billung] & his wife Eilika von Schweinfurt (28 Mar 1072, bur Lüneburg St Michaelis). King Olav II had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1): (b) MAGNUS ([Apr/Jun] [1024]-25 Oct 1047). Snorre records the birth of Magnus, son of King Olav by his concubine Alfhild[267]. Adam of Bremen names "Magnum" as son of "Olaphus martyris a concubina" when recording his election as king of Norway[268]. Morkinskinna records that “Queen Ingigerđr the daughter of King Óláfr the Swede”, wife of “King Yaroslav [of] Russia”, requested “King Óláfr in Norway” to send his “young son [born] out of wedlock…Magnús” to Russia to be fostered[269]. His date of birth is suggested by Morkinskinna which records King Magnus´s twentieth birthday “the following spring”, dateable from the context to 1044[270]. He was recalled from Novgorod by chiefs from the Trondheim area who were dissatisfied with Danish rule, and installed in 1035 as MAGNUS II "the Good" King of Norway. He claimed the throne of Denmark in 1042, on the basis of an alleged agreement with King Hardaknud in 1039. He also claimed the throne of England on the same basis, maybe with the support of Queen Emma[271]. He threatened to invade England but was too preoccupied with conquering Denmark to carry out the threat[272]. He was master of Denmark before the end of 1046. He defeated the Wends, a Slavish people from the southern shore of the Baltic, who were attempting to expand into Denmark. He died on an expedition against Svend Estridsen who succeeded him as King of Denmark. He was succeeded in Norway by his father's half-brother, Harald "Hardråde". Mistress: ---. No information has been identified concerning King Magnus's concubine. King Magnus II had one illegitimate child by his Mistress: (1) RAGNHILD Magnusdatter. Morkinskinna records that King Magnus´s daughter “Ragnhildr” was “no more than a child” when her father died[273]. Snorre records the marriage of "Hakon Ivarson" and "Ragnhild [daughter of] King Magnus"[274]. Morkinskinna records that “Hákon” as son of “Ívarr hvíti” married “King Magnus´s daughter Ragnhildr”, dated to [1062] from the context[275]. m ([1062]) HAAKON Ivarsson Jarl of the Uplands in Norway, son of IVAR Hvide & his wife --- (-after 1065).
   
2. Title: Olaf of Norway, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVV9-16JY : 13 April 2023), Olaf of Norway, ; Burial, Trondheim, Trondheim kommune, Sør-Trøndelag fylke, Norway, Domkirkegården; citing record ID 8059094, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVV9-16JY;
   
3. Title: The viking age: the early history, manners, and customs of the ancestors of the English speaking nations .. by Du Chaillu, Paul B. (Paul Belloni), 1835-1903
   Publication: Name: https://archive.org/details/vikingageearlyhi02duch/page/450/mode/2up?q=Moalda&view=theater;
   
4. Title: Wikipedia.org - Olaf II of Norway
   Author: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaf_II_of_Norway https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olav_den_hellige https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olav_II_av_Noreg https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olav_II._Haraldsson
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaf_II_of_Norway;