Olof Skötkonung King av Sverige

• Preferred Name: Olof Skötkonung King av Sverige^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]}
  
• Alternate Name: Olaf III King Of Sweden King
  
• Gender: M
  
• Death: 29 JUL 1030 in Stiklestad, Nord-Trondelag, Norway at LATI: N3.8 LONG: E1.55 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• Burial: 1022 in Husaby, Västra Götaland, Sweden at LATI: N8.5333 LONG: E3.3667
  
• FSID: L8YY-5HK
  
• Birth: ABT 950 in Ringerike, Baskerud, Norway at LATI: N0.1167 LONG: E0.2667 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• Notes:

  BIO
  BIO: first Christian King of Sweden
  
  ** from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SWEDEN.htm#IngigerdOlafsddied1050 as of 4/26/2016
  
  OLOF, son of ERIK "Segersäll/the Victorious" King of Sweden & his wife
  
  === Click on this. Read it. Understand that ===
  Click on this. Read it. Understand that Olof had two wives:
  
  "Olof was the son of Eric the Victorious (Erik Segersäll) and a woman whose identity is debated. According to Adam of Bremen, she was the sister or daughter of Boleslaw I Chrobry of Poland, according to Icelandic sources she was Sigrid the Haughty (Sigrid Storråda), a daughter of the Viking chief Skoglar Toste. Certain sources say that Olof had a brother called Emunde.
  
  >>> "With his first spouse (a mistress), EDLA, daughter of a Slavic chief, he had three children:
  - EMUND THE OLD, King of Sweden in c. 1050-1060
  - ASTRID, d. after 1035, married to Olaf II of Norway (Olaf the Saint)
  - HOLMFRID, married to Sven Jarl of Norway
  
  >>> "With his second spouse, Queen ESTRID of the Obotrites, he had two children:
  - ANUND JAKOB, King of Sweden in 1022-c. 1050
  - INGEGERD, d. 1050, married to Yaroslav I of Kiev"
  
  "Olof Skötkonung led a Viking expedition to Wendland early in his reign. He captured Edla, the daughter of a Wendish chieftain, and kept her as mistress. She gave him the son Emund (who was to become king of Sweden), and the daughters Astrid (later wife of Olaf II of Norway) and Holmfrid (married to Sven Jarl of Norway). He later married Estrid of the Obotrites, and she bore him the son Anund Jacob and the daughter Ingegerd Olofsdotter."
  
  "He succeeded his father in c. 995. He stands at the threshold of recorded history, since he is the first Swedish ruler about whom there is substantial knowledge. He is regarded as the first king known to have ruled both the Swedes and the Geats."
  
  "One of many explanations to the name Skötkonung is that it is derived from the Swedish word "skatt", which can mean either "taxes" or "treasure". The latter meaning has given the interpretation "tributary king" and one English scholar speculates about a tributary relationship to the Danish king Sweyn Forkbeard, who was his stepfather."
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olof_Sk%C3%B6tkonung
  
  [NB: Information sourced from Wikipedia is subject to change by third-parties. Follow the URL noted above to review the latest content.]
  
  .

1. Slangerup, b. BEF 999 in England    
2. Astrid Olofsdotter, b. ABT 1000 in Sweden, Sweden     d. ABT 1035 in Sweden
3. Emund Olofsson King of Sweden II, b. 995 in Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden     d. 1061 in Sigtuna, Södermanland, Sweden

1. Ingegerd Olofsdatter of Sweden , b. 8 APR 1001 in Stockholm, Suède     d. 10 FEB 1050 in Kyiv Ukraine Temple, Kyiv, Ucrania

1. Title: Birth
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVVZ-9J94 : 19 October 2022), Olaf Scotking, ; Burial, Götene, Götene kommun, Västra Götalands län, Sweden, Husaby kyrkogård; citing record ID 15927222, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVVZ-9J94;
   
2. Title: -
   
3. Title: -
   
4. Title: -The Sarcophagus of Yaroslav the Wise
   Author: “The Sarcophagus of Yaroslav the Wise and Who Was or Was Not Interred within the Sarcophagus Belongs to Not One but Two People, Yaroslav ...” Quora. Colleen Anne Coyle. Accessed August 5, 2022. https://archaeologyunearthed.quora.com/The-Sarcophagus-of-Yaroslav-the-Wise-and-who-was-or-was-not-interred-within-The-sarcophagus-belongs-to-not-one-but-two?ch=17&oid=77190573&share=62b8b360&srid=uBuIrV&target_type=post.
   Publication: Name: https://archaeologyunearthed.quora.com/The-Sarcophagus-of-Yaroslav-the-Wise-and-who-was-or-was-not-interred-within-The-sarcophagus-belongs-to-not-one-but-two?ch=17&oid=77190573&share=62b8b360&srid=uBuIrV&target_type=post;
   Note: Overview of the Sarcophagus and the contents thereof.
   Page: Jaroslav Vladimirovich, Grand Prince of Kiev, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~http://shop.fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/RUSSIA,%20Rurik.htm#IaroslavIdied1054B [See document in the memories section]
   
5. Title: Medieval Lands database
   Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SWEDEN.htm#IngigerdOlafsddied1050 as of 4/26/2016;
   Note: ERIK, son of [OLOF Erikson of Sweden] & his wife --- (-Uppsala [994/95]). Snorre names "Eirik the Victorious and Olaf, the father of Styrbjorn" as the sons of Bjorn Eriksson[29]. Saxo Grammaticus records that “Sturbionus, Suetici regis Biornonis filius” was deposed by “patrui Olaui filio, Erico”, despite help from “Haraldum [Harald I King of Denmark], cui Thyra mater extitit, cum sorore Gyritha supplex migravit...quanto illi eiusdem sororis sue matrimonium...permisit”, dated to [984/85][30]. The following source suggests that Erik received Polish help in deposing his cousin: one manuscript of Adam of Bremen records that "Hericus rex Sueonum" made a treaty with “rege Polanorum Bolizlao” and that “Bolizlaus” gave “filiam vel sororem” to “Herico”[31]. This treaty can probably be dated to [985], consistent with the likely birth date of Erik’s son Oluf (see below). At that time, although Bolesław’s father Mieszko still ruled Poland, he was old and his son was probably already active on his own account. This suggestion is also consistent with King Erik’s receiving Polish support when he expelled King Svend from Denmark in [987], and a Polish marriage being arranged as part of the terms of Svend’s later release from Jomsborg (see Chapter 4 in the document MECKLENBURG). He succeeded as ERIK "Segersäll/the Victorious" King of Sweden. Adam of Bremen records that "rex Sueonum Hericus" invaded Denmark and expelled “Suein, derelictus a Deo, frustra sperans in ydolis suis”, dated to after 987 when Svend succeeded as king[32]. Saxo Grammaticus provides some further detail[33]. Adam also records that King Erik was converted to Christianity and baptised in Denmark, but suggests that he may have relapsed into paganism on returning to Sweden[34]. According to Snorre, Erik died "in a sickbed at Uppsala 10 years after the death of Styrbjörn"[35], and in another passage that his wife was a widow in 994[36]. There is considerable confusion between the sources regarding King Erik’s marriage(s): [m firstly ([before 980?] [repudiated?]) [as her first husband,] SIGRID [“Storråda/the Haughty”], daughter of "Skoglar" Toste & his wife ---. . Snorre records that “Toste had a daughter...proud and high-minded...Sigrid” who married "the Swedish king, Eirik the Victorious, and had a son by him...Olaf"[37] and, in another saga, that after his first wife died [named Gunhild by Snorre] “the Danish king Svein Tjuguskeg” married “Sigrid the Haughty, a daughter of Skoglartoste, and mother of the Swedish king Olaf” noting that “by means of this relationship there was great friendship between the kings...”[38]. Fagrskinna also names Sigrid, mother of King Olof, as daughter of Skoglar-Tosta[39]. These reports directly contradict all the sources quoted below (and in the document DENMARK KINGS) which indicate the Polish princess as the widow of the Swedish king and second wife of Svend (and also that she was the lady who was “Storråda/the Haughty”). Hlawitschka, as part of his discussion about the wives of Erik King of Sweden and Svend King of Denmark, attempts to resolve the confusion by suggesting that King Svend married firstly the composite person “Gunhild, daughter of “Skoglar” Toste”[40]. This possibility cannot be dismissed, but the suggestion, in particular that Svend’s first wife was named “Gunhild”, is uncorroborated by primary sources except Snorre. The attempt also does not explain Snorre’s reference to “Skoglar” Toste’s daughter marrying the Swedish king, by whom she was mother of his successor (which also contradicts other sources). Another possibility is presumably that Sigrid, daughter of “Skoglar” Toste, married firstly the Swedish king (as his first wife) who repudiated her, and secondly married the Danish king (also as his first wife) who may have repudiated her as well, in which case the confusion in the sources could be attributed to both Svend’s wives being named Sigrid. That is the solution which is shown here, for presentational purposes only, with no guarantee that it is correct.] m [secondly] ([985?]) as her first husband, SIGRID [Syritha] [Czcirada/Czirada/Šwiętosława] [“Storråda/the Haughty”] of Poland, daughter of MIESZKO I Prince of Poland & his [first/seventh wife --- or [eighth] wife Dobrava [Dobroslawa] of Bohemia] (-[after Summer 1015]). Thietmar refers to the mother of "filiis Suenni" as "Miseconis filia ducis, soror Bolizlavi successoris eius et nati [=cognati?, [eius?] referring to Svend?]", commenting that “a viro suimet [=Svend] diu depulsa non minimam cum cæteris perpessa est controversiam” ("long exiled by her husband…this woman suffered no small amount of controversy") [suggesting her repudiation, as discussed further below][41]. As these events occurred only about 15/20 years before Thietmar was writing (in [1012/18?]), his report is probably as reliable as could be expected. Adam of Bremen (writing [1075/85]) broadly reflects the same information, recording the marriage of King Svend and "Herici relictam, matrem Olaph"[42], another manuscript stating that "Hericus rex Sueonum" had made a treaty with “rege Polanorum Bolizlao”·and that “Bolizlaus” gave “filiam vel sororem” to “Herico”[43]. Her two marriages are further confirmed by Adam who records that [her son by her first marriage] Olof King of Sweden (“Olaph sane, qui post obitum patris Herici regnum super Suevos accepit”) invaded Denmark, expelled “infelicem Suein a regno” and conquered the kingdom (“et ipse optinuit Daniam”), but that Olof restored Svend “in regnum suum, eo quod matrem suam habuerit"[44]. Neither Thietmar nor Adam name the Polish king’s supposed daughter. Saxo Grammaticus (writing about a century after Adam) confirms her name (but not her family origin) and two marriages, noting that King Svend married "Syritha Suetiam" after she was unsuccessfully wooed by Olav I King of Norway, and naming Olof King of Sweden as King Svend's stepson[45]. Morkinskinna names "Sigridr en stórráda" as mother of “the lady Ástrídr…sister of two kings, Knútr the Great and Óláfr the Swede” who married “Jarl Úlfr sprakaleggr”[46]. Her name and second marriage are confirmed, and her first marriage suggested, by Saxo Grammaticus who states that King Svend married "Syritha Suetiam" after she was unsuccessfully wooed by Olav I King of Norway, and also refers to Olof King of Sweden as King Svend's stepson[47]. The name “Sigrid/Syritha” could of course be a Norse/German adaptation of a Polish name. Hlawitschka analyses secondary sources which discuss Sigrid’s Polish origin, including those which propose alternative Polish names “Czcirada/Czirada” or “Šwiętosława”[48]. She married secondly ([995?]) as his second wife, Svend I "Tveskæg/Forkbeard" King of Denmark. Thietmar’s reference to Svend repudiating his second wife appears corroborated by Saxo Grammaticus who records that, after his father's death, Olof returned to Sweden [from Denmark] with "his mother Syritha, and stayed there exercising his sovereignty under his mother's tutelage" (“Erici filius Olavus cum matre Syritha Suetiam repetivit, ibique degens regnum materno arbitrio subiectum habuit”)[49]. This passage suggests that Olof arrived in Denmark with his mother on her second marriage and returned to Sweden with her (presumably after Svend repudiated her), when he was still a minor. At some point, Sigrid presumably left Scandinavia and returned to her native homeland as the Encomium Emmæ Reginæ records that "Cnuto" [and his brother?] visited “Sclavoniam” in [Summer] 1015 and brought back “matrem suam, quæ illuc morabatur” [“who was staying there”][50]. The date of Sigrid’s death is not known. Sigrid of Poland was studied by Rafal T. Prinke (his article has not been studied in detail as it is in the Polish language)[51]. King Erik & his [second] wife had [two] children: 1. OLOF ([985/86?]-[1022]). Adam of Bremen names Olav as son of King Erik & his (unnamed) wife who later married Svend King of Denmark[52]. Snorre names "Olaf the Swede" as the son of "the Swedish king, Eirik the Victorious" and his wife Sigrid[53]. According to Saxo Grammaticus, after his father's death, he returned to Sweden [from Denmark] with "his mother Syritha, and stayed there exercising his sovereignty under his mother's tutelage"[54]. He succeeded as OLOF I "Skotkonung/under-King" King of Sweden. - see below. 2. [HOLMFRID. Snorre records the betrothal of "Svein, a son of Earl Hakon, and Earl Eirik's brother" and "Holmfrid, a daughter of King Olaf the Swedish king", although the chronology appears to suggest the likelihood that she was the sister rather than daughter of King Olav[55]. If that is correct, the identity of her mother is uncertain, especially bearing in my mind the confusion in the sources relating to Erik’s wife/wives. m SVEN Haakonsson Ladejarl of Norway, son of Jarl HAAKON Sigurdsson "the Mighty" & his wife Thora Skagadatter (-1016).]
   Page: Ancestry
   
6. Title: Wikipedia: Olof Skötkonung (Svenska)
   Publication: Name: https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olof_Sk%C3%B6tkonung;
   
7. Title: Find a Grave
   Author: Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/15927222/olaf_scotking: accessed 11 January 2023), memorial page for Olaf Scotking (980–1022), Find a Grave Memorial ID 15927222, citing Husaby kyrkogård, Götene, Götene kommun, Västra Götalands län, Sweden; Maintained by Find a Grave.
   Publication: Name: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/15927222/olaf_scotking;
   
8. Title: Wikipedia: Olof Skötkonung (English)
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olof_Sk%C3%B6tkonung;
   Note: Olof Skötkonung Olaf Scotking of Sweden coin c 1030.jpg Coin minted for King Olof in Sigtuna King of Sweden Reign c. 995–1022 Predecessor Erik Segersäll Successor Anund Jacob Born c. 980 Died 1022 (aged 41–42) Spouse Estrid of the Obotrites Issue by Edla: Emund the Old Astrid, Queen of Norway by Estrid of the Obotrites: Anund Jacob Ingegerd, Grand Princess of Kievan Rus' House Munsö Father Erik Segersäll Mother Sigríð Storråda/Świętosława? Religion Roman Catholic previously Norse Pagan Olof Skötkonung, (Old Norse: Óláfr skautkonungr) sometimes stylized as Olaf the Swede (c. 980–1022), was King of Sweden, son of Eric the Victorious and, according to Icelandic sources, Sigrid the Haughty. He succeeded his father in c. 995. He stands at the threshold of recorded history, since he is the first Swedish ruler about whom there is substantial knowledge.[1] He is regarded as the first king known to have ruled both the Swedes and the Geats. In Sweden, the reign of king Olov Skötkonung (c. 995–1022) is considered to be the transition from the Viking age to the Middle Ages, because he was the first Christian king of the Swedes, who were the last to adopt Christianity in Scandinavia. He is associated with a growing influence of the church in what is today southwestern and central Sweden. Norse beliefs persisted in parts of Sweden until the 12th century.[2] Olof was victorious alongside Sweyn Forkbeard when the kings created an alliance to defeat the Norwegian king Olaf Tryggvason in the Battle of Svolder. After the battle, the victorious leaders split Norway into areas of control. Heimskringla gives the most detailed account of the division. Olof received four districts in Trondheim as well as Møre, Romsdal and Rånrike.[3] Our knowledge of Olof is mostly based on Snorri Sturluson's and Adam of Bremen's accounts, which have been subject to criticism from some scholars. The eldest account by the German ecclesiastic chronicler Adam of Bremen (c. 1075), relates that Sweyn Forkbeard was expelled from his Danish realm by the Swedish King Eric the Victorious in the late 10th century. When Eric died (c. 995), Sweyn returned and regained his kingdom, marrying Eric's widow. Meanwhile, however, Olof had succeeded his father Eric, gathered an army, and launched a surprise attack against Sweyn. The Danish king was once again expelled while Olof occupied his lands. After this, however, the conflict was resolved. Since Sweyn had married Olof's mother, he was reinstated on the Danish throne and the two kings were thereafter allies.[7] Snorri Sturluson (c. 1230) and the other Icelandic saga writers likewise say that Sweyn married Olof's mother after the death of Eric the Victorious, but without mentioning any conflict. Also, Snorri describes Sweyn and Olof as equal allies when they defeated the Norwegian king Olav Tryggvason in the battle of Svolder in 1000, and thereafter divided Norway between themselves (see below).[8] It is commonly believed that Adam's account about Sweyn's defeats at the hands of Eric and Olof is partial and might have been misinterpreted; the marriage to Olof's mother may in fact have sealed Sweyn's senior position.[9] Viking expedition to Wendland According to Snorri, Olof Skötkonung led a Viking expedition to Wendland early in his reign. He captured Edla, the daughter of a Wendish chieftain, and kept her as mistress. She gave him the son Emund (who was to become king of Sweden), and the daughters Astrid (later wife of Olaf II of Norway) and Holmfrid (married to Sven Jarl of Norway).[10] He later married Estrid of the Obotrites, and she bore him the son Anund Jacob and the daughter Ingegerd Olofsdotter.[11] Alliance with Sweyn Forkbeard While Adam of Bremen praises Olof as a good Christian, Icelandic authors paint an unfavourable picture of the king as haughty and prickly. Olof is said to have preferred royal sports to war, which may explain the ease with which Sweyn Forkbeard retook the Danish lands Olof's father Eric had conquered.[12] Olof may also have lost the right to tribute which his predecessors had preserved in what is now Estonia and Latvia. In 1000, he joined forces with Sweyn Forkbeard and with the Norwegian Jarls Eric and Sven, against the Norwegian King Olaf Tryggvason. The circumstances have been much debated in modern historical research, but a contemporary poem confirms that Eric Jarl gathered auxiliaries in Sweden: "The belligerent jarl / gathered much manpower / in Svithiod, the chief went / southward to the battle."[13] Olaf Tryggvason was attacked by the allied fleets in the Battle of Svolder, the location of which is uncertain. It may have been either in Öresund or Pomerania. Olaf Tryggvason disappeared during the battle and Norway was appropriated by the allied lords. The bulk of the conquests went to Sweyn Forkbeard while Olof gained a part of Trøndelag as well as modern Bohuslän. These lands were placed under Sven Jarl, son-in-law of the king.[14] Death The alleged Olaf Grave at Husaby Church Judging from Snorri Sturluson's chronology of events, Olof died a natural death in the winter of 1021–1022.[36] Adam of Bremen asserts that he died at approximately the same time as Cnut the Great (1035), which is certainly too late.[37] Claims that he was martyred after refusing to sacrifice to pagan gods are likely due to a mix-up with the king Olof from Vita Ansgari and Olof Trätälja from Norse sources.[38] Since the 1740s, it has been claimed that he was buried in Husaby in the Christian part of his kingdom, but such identifications are controversial.[39] Family Olof was the son of Eric the Victorious (Erik Segersäll) and a woman whose identity is debated. According to Adam of Bremen she was the sister or daughter of Boleslaw I Chrobry of Poland, but, according to Icelandic sources, she was Sigrid the Haughty (Sigrid Storråda), a daughter of the Viking chief Skoglar Toste. Certain sources say that Olof had a brother called Emunde. With his mistress Edla, daughter of a Slavic chief, he first had three children: Emund the Old, King of Sweden in c. 1050–1060 Astrid, d. after 1035, married to Olaf II of Norway (Olaf the Saint) Holmfrid (possibly sister of Olof), married to Sven Jarl of Norway With his spouse Queen Estrid he had two children: Anund Jacob, King of Sweden in 1022–c. 1050 Ingegerd, d. 1050, married to Yaroslav I of Kiev
   Page: Ancestry