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Géza Árpád-házi Magyar fejedelem


Preferred Parents:
Father: Taksony Árpád-házi Magyar nagyfejedelem, b. 920 in Székesfehérvár, Fejér, Magyarország   d. 972 in Székesfehérvár, Fejér, Magyarország
Mother: Ágnes Kazár fejedelmi hercegnő, b. 918 in Cumania, Pontic Steppes, Eurasia   d. 1025 in Esztergom, Esztergom, Hungary

Family 1: Sarolt of Transylvania,    b. 950 in Erdély, Magyarország    d. 1008 in Hungary
  1. Gizella Ilona Árpád-házi Magyar hercegnő, b. 982 in Esztergom, Komárom-Esztergom, Hungary     d. 1026 in Constantinople, Byzantine Empire (present Turkey)
  2. Ismeretlen nevű Árpád-házi Magyar hercegnő,     d. in Schwarzburg, Thuringia, Germany
  3. Mechtild Hedwig Gepa von Itter von Arnsberg Werl, b. 960 in Esztergom, Komárom-Esztergom, Hungary     d. 993 in Schwarzburg, Schwarza-Kreis, Thuringia, Germany
  4. Berta Arpad von Ungarn, b. 950     d. 998 in Thüringen, Deutschland
Family 2: Adelajda The White - Princess of Poland,    b. 956 in Poznan, Poznan, Poland    d. 997 in Székesfehérvár, Fejér, Hungary
Sources:
  1. Title: Wikipedia - Géza, Grand Prince of the Hungarians
    Author: Hartvic, Life of King Stephen of Hungary (Translated by Nora Berend) (2001). In: Head, Thomas (2001); Medieval Hagiography: An Anthology; Routledge; ISBN 0-415-93753-1.Ottonian Germany: The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg (Translated and annotated by David A. Warner) (2001). Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-4926-1.
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9za,_Grand_Prince_of_the_Hungarians;
    Note: Géza (c. 940 – 997), also Gejza, was Grand Prince of the Hungarians from the early 970s. He was the son of Grand Prince Taksony and his Oriental—Khazar, Pecheneg or Volga Bulgarian—wife. He married Sarolt, a daughter of an Eastern Orthodox Hungarian chieftain. After ascending the throne, Géza made peace with the Holy Roman Empire. Within Hungary, he consolidated his authority with extreme cruelty, according to the unanimous narration of nearly contemporaneous sources. He was the first Hungarian monarch to support Christian missionaries from Western Europe. Although he was baptised (his baptismal name was Stephen), his Christian faith remained shallow and he continued to perform acts of pagan worship. He was succeeded by his son Stephen, who was crowned the first King of Hungary in 1000 or 1001. Early life Géza was the elder son of Taksony, Grand Prince of the Hungarians.[1] His mother was his father's wife "from the land of the Cumans",[2] according to the anonymous author of the Gesta Hungarorum.[3] This anachronistic reference to the Cumans suggests that she was of Khazar, Pecheneg or Volga Bulgarian origin.[4] The Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, who listed the descendants of Grand Prince Árpád around 950, did not mention Géza.[4] Even so, Gyula Kristó wrote that Géza was born around 940 and the emperor ignored him because of his youth.[4] The genuine form of his name was either "Gyeücsa" or "Gyeusa", which is possibly a diminutive form of the Turkic title yabgu.[4] Géza's father arranged his marriage with Sarolt—a daughter of a Hungarian chieftain called Gyula, [4][5] who ruled Transylvania independently of the grand prince[5] and had converted to Christianity in Constantinople.[6] Sarolt seems to have also adhered to Eastern Orthodox Christianity, according to Bruno of Querfurt's remark on her "languid and muddled Christianity".[6] Géza succeeded his father around 972.[4][7][8] He adopted a centralizing policy, which gave rise to his fame as a merciless ruler.[9][7] The longer version of his son's Life even states that Géza's hands were "defiled with blood".[7] Pál Engel wrote that Géza carried out a "large-scale purge"[7] against his relatives, which explains the lack of references to other members of the Árpád dynasty from around 972. Koppány, who continued to rule the southern parts of Transdanubia, is the only exception to this dearth of references.[7] A marriage alliance between the German and Byzantine dynasties brought about a rapprochement between the two powers neighboring Hungary in 972.[10] Géza decided to make peace with the Holy Roman Empire.[9] First, a monk named Bruno sent by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor arrived in Hungary around 972.[11] Hungarian "legates"[12] were present at a conference held by the emperor in Quedlinburg in 973.[7] Geyza, who was strict and cruel, acting in a domineering way, as it were, with his own people, but compassionate and generous with strangers, especially with Christians, although [he was] still entangled in the rite of paganism. At the approach of the light of spiritual grace, he began to discuss peace attentively with all the neighboring provinces ... Moreover, he laid down a rule that the favor of hospitality and security be shown to all Christians wishing to enter to his domains. He gave clerics and monks leave to enter his presence; he offered them a willing hearing, and delighted them in the germination of the seed of true faith sown in the garden of his heart. — Hartvic: Life of King Stephen of Hungary[13] Statue of Grand Prince Géza in Székesfehérvár A record on one Bishop Prunwart in the Abbey of Saint Gall mentions his success in baptising many Hungarians, including their "king".[11] The nearly contemporaneous Thietmar of Merseburg confirms that the conversion to Christianity of the pagan Hungarians started under Géza,[14] who became the first Christian ruler of Hungary.[10] His baptismal name was Stephen.[4] However, Géza continued to observe pagan cults, which proves that his conversion to Christianity was never complete.[15] Kristó and other historians have said that the first Roman Catholic diocese in Hungary, with its seat in Veszprém, was set up in Géza's reign,[4] but their view has not been unanimously accepted.[16][17] A charter issued during his son's reign states that Géza was the founder of the Benedictine Pannonhalma Archabbey.[18][19] [Géza] was very cruel and killed many people because of his quick temper. When he became a Christian, however, he turned his rage against his reluctant subjects, in order to strengthen this faith. Thus, glowing with zeal for God, he washed away his old crimes. He sacrificed both to the omnipotent God and to various false gods. When reproached by his priest for doing so, however, he maintained that the practice had brought him both wealth and great power. — Thietmar of Merseburg: Chronicum[20] Taking advantage of internal conflicts which emerged in the Holy Roman Empire after Emperor Otto II's death, Géza invaded Bavaria and took the fortress of Melk in 983.[21] In 991, the Bavarians launched a counter-attack which forced Géza to withdraw Hungarian forces from the territories east of the Vienna Woods.[21] Furthermore, he renounced the lands east of the river Leitha in his peace treaty of 996 with Henry IV of Bavaria.[7] Géza also arranged the marriage of his son and heir Stephen to Henry IV's sister Giselle.[7][4] Even before this marriage alliance, Géza convoked the Hungarian leaders to an assembly and forced them to take an oath confirming his son's right to succeed him.[22] Family Sarolt gave birth to at least three of Géza's children: Stephen, who succeeded his father on the throne, and two unnamed daughters.[23] Sarolt survived Géza, which suggests that she was also the mother of Géza's daughters.[23] Based on the Polish-Hungarian Chronicle,[23][24] Szabolcs de Vajay wrote that the daughters' mother was Géza's alleged second wife Adelaide of Poland, but this has not been widely accepted.[4] Adelaide is only mentioned in the Polish–Hungarian Chronicle, which describes her as the sister of Mieszko I of Poland, but specialists have often questioned her existence.[25] The chronicle attributes Géza's conversion to Adelaide's influence.[26] NOTE: This article departs from the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, failing to recognize the repudiation of Sarolt in 975 and Géza's second marriage to Adelaide.....
  2. Title: Géza of Hungary, "Find A Grave Index"
    Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:6ZR3-8KLY : 15 June 2022), Géza of Hungary, ; Burial, Székesfehérvár, Székesfehérvári járás, Fejér, Hungary, Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary; citing record ID 225480934, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:6ZR3-8KLY;
    Note: Géza of Hungary BIRTH 945 DEATH 1 Feb 997 (aged 51–52) Esztergom, Esztergomi járás, Komárom-Esztergom, Hungary BURIAL Saint Stephen Basilica Ruins Székesfehérvár, Székesfehérvári járás, Fejér, Hungary MEMORIAL ID 225480934 · View Source Family Members Parents Taksony of Hungary 931–972 Spouse Sarlota of Transylvania 950–1008 Siblings Mihály of Hungary 955–990 Children Ilona of Hungary Sarolta of Hungary Stephen I of Stephen I 975–1038 Judit of Hungary of Poland and Bulgaria 986–1026
  3. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
    Note: GÉZA, son of TAKSONY Prince of Hungary & his wife --- [Pss of the Kumans] ([940/45]-1 Feb 997). The Chronicon Varadiense names "dux Geisa, pater B. Stephani, secundus…Michael dux" as the two sons of "Toxin"[257]. The Kronika Węgiersko-Polska names "Geyzan, Mychlemum et caluum Ladislaum" as the three sons of "Thoxon"[258]. The Gestis Hungarorum Liber names "Geysam, quantum ducem Hungarie" as son of "dux Tocsun"[259]. He succeeded his father in [970] as Prince of Hungary. He sent ambassadors to the court of Emperor Otto I, with whom he established friendly relations. Géza was baptised in 974 as ISTVÁN [Stephen] by priests sent by Pilgrim Bishop of Passau, although he appears to have adopted Christianity more for political expediency than religious conviction as he never renounced his pagan beliefs entirely, declaring himself, according to Macartney, "rich enough to afford two gods" (although this alleged quote may represent an inaccurate report of comments by Thietmar, see below)[260]. He continued to use his pre-baptismal name Géza. He centralised Magyar government, based at Esztergom, where his bodyguard consisted of Bavarian knights. The alliance with Bavaria was confirmed after the accession in 985 of Duke Heinrich II, and sealed by the marriage of Duke Heinrich's daughter to Géza's heir in 996[261]. Thietmar names "Deuvix" as father of King István, describing him as "very cruel…when becoming a Christian…he turned his rage against his reluctant subjects [and] sacrificed both to the omnipotent God and to various false gods. When reproached by his priest for doing so, he maintained that the practice had brought him great wealth and power"[262]. The Chronicon Posoniense records the death in 998 of "Geyza princeps Ungarorum"[263]. m firstly ([967], repudiated shortly after 975) SAROLT of Transylvania, daughter of GYULA Prince of Transylvania & his wife --- ([954]-after 988). The Gestis Hungarorum Liber names "una…Caroldu et altera Saroltu" as the two daughters of "Geula", specifying that the Sarolt was mother of "sancti regis Stephani"[264]. Thietmar names "Beleknegini, the name means beautiful lady in Slavonic" as wife of "Deuvix", commenting that she "drank immoderately and rode a horse like a warrior" adding that "once in a fit of anger she killed a man"[265]. The primary source which confirms her name and parentage has not yet been identified. She had been baptised into the Orthodox faith by Bishop Hierotheos at her father's court[266]. Her marriage may have been arranged by her father to build an alliance against the more powerful Bulgars[267]. m secondly ([985]) as her second husband, ADELAJDA [Adleta] of Poland, widow of his brother MIHÁLY of Hungary Duke between March and Gran, daughter of [ZIEMOMYSŁ Duke in Poland] & his [second wife ---] ([950/60]-after 997). The Annales Kamenzenses record that "Mesco…rex Polanorum…sororem…Atleydem" married "Iesse rex Ungarie" by whom she was mother of "Stephanum regem Ungarie"[268]. The Breve chronicon Silesiæ names "Adilheidem" as sister of "primo dux Mesco", adding that she married "Jesse rex Ungarie" and that she was the mother of "Stephanum regem Ungarie" born in 975[269]. The Kronika Węgiersko-Polska records that "Iesse" married "sororem Meschonis ducis…Athleitam", adding that she was a Christian and converted her husband to Christianity[270]. The primary source which confirms her first marriage has not yet been identified. According to Europäische Stammtafeln[271], Adelajda was the daughter not sister of Mieszko I Prince of Poland, although the primary source on which this is based has not yet been identified. If this is correct, she was an otherwise unrecorded daughter by his first wife (name not known), assuming that Prince Mieszko's marriage to Dobroslawa of Bohemia is correctly dated to 965. Adelajda's birth date range is estimated from the supposed dates of birth of her two sons by her first husband (before his death in [976/78]) and of her three known daughters by her second marriage after [985]. The date range appears chronologically more consistent with her having been the daughter, rather than sister, of Mieszko, but this would be in direct contradiction to the sources quoted above. If she was Mieszko's sister, it is likely that they did not share the same mother, assuming that the estimated birth dates of Mieszko and Adelajda are both accurate. It is probable that her second marriage was arranged in accordance with the Magyar tradition that the oldest male relative should marry the widow of a deceased relative (originally polygamously) and take care of his children. Prince Géza & his first wife had [three] children: 1. [daughter ([969]-after 987). - married Boleslaw I of Poland 2. [daughter ([971]-). married Sizzo, Graf in Thuringia 3. daughter ([973]-after 988). married Gavril Radomir of Bulgaria Prince Géza & his [first/second] wife had one child: 4. VAJK (Esztergom [967/75]-Buda 15 Aug 1038, bur Székesfehérvár) Prince Géza & his second wife had [three] children: 5. daughter ([987]-). married Shaba, Leader of the Kabars 6. daughter ([989]-1026). married Petro Ottone III, son of the Doge of Venice, Petro Ottone II. 7. [daughter .She became a nun as SKOLASZTIKA [Scholastica]. Abbess of Somlóvàsárhely.]
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