Otto II "the Red" Holy Roman Emperor

• Preferred Name: Otto II "the Red" Holy Roman Emperor^{[1] [2] [3]}
  
• Alternate Name: Otto Kaiser des hl. römischen Reiches II
  
• Alternate Name: Otto of the Holy Roman Empire II
  
• Alternate Name: of Saxony
  
• Alternate Name: Otto von Sachsen II
  
• Alternate Name: Otton von Sachsen II
  
• Gender: M
  
• Ruled: in 973-983
  
• Death: 7 DEC 983 in Rome, Rome, Lazio, Italy at LATI: N1.9051 LONG: E2.4971
  
• Murder: 981 in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy at LATI: N1.9051 LONG: E2.4971 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Römisch-deutscher KaiserKaiser von 973 bis 983
  
• Reino: BET 973 AND 983 in Sacro Império Romano at LATI: N9.5 LONG: E0 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• FSID: MH8P-93W
  
• Birth: 955 in Sachsen, Regnum Teutonicum at LATI: N1 LONG: E3.25
  
• Burial: DEC 983 in St Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City at LATI: N2.8 LONG: E2.6
  
• Koning, Rooms-Duits: BET 973 AND 983 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Emperor
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: KING OF THE GERMANS
  
• Temple+Ordinances: with note: Description: Completed
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Otto II (955 - 7 December 983), called the Red (der Rote), was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death in 983. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto II was the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto the Great and Adelaide of Italy.
  
  Otto II was made joint-ruler of Germany in 961, at an early age, and his father named him co-Emperor in 967 to secure his succession to the throne. His father also arranged for Otto II to marry the Byzantine Princess Theophanu, who would be his wife until his death. When his father died after a 37-year reign, the eighteen-year-old Otto II became absolute ruler of the Holy Roman Empire in a peaceful succession. Otto II spent his reign continuing his father's policy of strengthening Imperial rule in Germany and extending the borders of the Empire deeper into southern Italy. Otto II also continued the work of Otto I in subordinating the Catholic Church to Imperial control.
  
  Early in his reign, Otto II defeated a major revolt against his rule from other members of the Ottonian dynasty who claimed the throne for themselves. His victory allowed him to exclude the Bavarian line of the Ottonians from the line of Imperial succession. This strengthened his authority as Emperor and secured the succession of his own son to the Imperial throne.
  
  With domestic affairs settled, Otto II would focus his attention from 980 onward to annexing the whole of Italy into the Empire. His conquests brought him into conflict with the Byzantine Empire and with the Muslims of the Fatimid Caliphate, who both held territories in southern Italy. After initial successes in unifying the southern Lombard principalities under his authority and in conquering Byzantine-controlled territory, Otto II's campaigns in southern Italy ended in 982 following a disastrous defeat by the Muslims. While he was preparing to counterattack Muslim forces, a major uprising by the Slavs broke out in 983, forcing the Empire to abandon its major territorial holdings east of the Elbe river.
  
  Otto II died suddenly in 983 at the age of 28 after a ten-year reign. He was succeeded as Emperor by his three-year-old son Otto III, plunging the Empire into a political crisis.
  
  Otto II was born in 955, the third son of the King of Germany Otto I and his second wife Adelaide of Italy. By 957, Otto II's older brothers Henry (born 952) and Bruno (born 953) had died, as well as Otto I's son from his first wife Eadgyth, the Crown Prince Liudolf, Duke of Swabia. With his older brothers dead, the two-year-old Otto became the Kingdom's crown prince and Otto I's heir apparent. Otto I entrusted his illegitimate son, Archbishop William of Mainz, with Otto II's literary and cultural education. Margrave Odo, commander of the Eastern March, taught the young crown prince the art of war and the kingdom's legal customs.
  
  Needing to put his affairs in order prior to his descent into Italy, Otto I summoned a Diet at Worms and had Otto II elected, at the age of six, co-regent in May 961. Otto II was later crowned by his uncle Bruno the Great, Archbishop of Cologne, at Aachen Cathedral, probably on Pentecost (26 May).[1] While Otto I had secured succession of the throne, he had violated the Kingdom's unwritten law that succession rights could only be granted to a child who has reached the age of majority. He was likely motivated by the high risk associated with his expedition into Italy to claim the Imperial title from the Pope. Otto I crossed the Alps into Italy, while Otto II remained in Germany, and the two archbishops, Bruno and William, were appointed as his regents. After three-and-a-half years in Italy, Otto I returned to Germany early in 965 as Holy Roman Emperor. In order to give the hope of dynastic continuity after his death, Otto I again confirmed Otto II as his heir on 2 February 965, the third anniversary of Otto I's coronation as Emperor.
  
  Though Otto I was crowned Emperor in 962 and returned to Germany in 965, the political situation in Italy remained unstable. After almost two years in Germany, Otto I made a third expedition to Italy in 966. Bruno was again appointed regent over the eleven-year-old Otto II during Otto I's absence.
  
  With his power over northern and central Italy secured, Otto I sought to clarify his relationship with the Byzantine Empire in the East. The Byzantine Emperor objected to Otto's use of the title "Emperor". The situation between East and West was finally resolved to share sovereignty over southern Italy. Otto I sought a marriage alliance between his Imperial house and the Eastern Macedonian dynasty. A prerequisite for the marriage alliance was the coronation of Otto II as Co-Emperor. Otto I then sent word for Otto II to join him in Italy. In October 967, father and son met in Verona and together marched through Ravenna to Rome. On 25 December 967, Otto II was crowned Co-Emperor by Pope John XIII, securing Otto II's succession to the Imperial crown following his father's death.[2]
  
  Otto II's coronation allowed marriage negotiations to begin with the East. Only in 972, six years later, under the new Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimiskes, was a marriage and peace agreement concluded, however. Though Otto I preferred Byzantine Princess Anna Porphyrogenita, daughter of former Byzantine Emperor Romanos II, as she was born in the purple, her age (then only five years old) prevented serious consideration by the East. The choice of Emperor John I Tzimisces was his niece Theophanu, who was the soldier-emperor's niece by marriage. On 14 April 972, the sixteen-year-old Otto II was married to the fourteen-year-old Eastern princess, and Theophanu was crowned empress by the Pope.[3]
  
  Even after his coronation, Otto II remained in the shadow of his overbearing father. Though the nominal co-ruler of the Empire, he was denied any role in its administration. Unlike his earlier son Liudolf, whom Otto I named Duke of Swabia in 950, Otto II was granted no area of responsibility. Otto II was confined primarily to northern Italy during his father's time south of the Alps. After five years away, the Imperial family returned to Saxony in August 972.
  
  On 7 May 973, Otto died of fever, and Otto II succeeded his father as sole Emperor without meeting any opposition.[3] Otto II spent his reign continuing his father's policy of strengthening Imperial rule in Germany and extending it deeper into Italy.
  
  Otto II, from a series of Holy Roman emperors (12th and 13th centuries); the panels are now set into Gothic windows, Strasbourg Cathedral
  When Otto the Great died, the smooth succession to the imperial throne of Otto II had long been guaranteed. Otto II had been king of Germany for twelve years and Emperor for five at the time of Otto the Great's death. Unlike his father, Otto II did not have any brothers to contest his claims to the throne. On May 8, the nobles of the Empire assembled before Otto II and, according to the Saxon Chronicler Widukind of Corvey, "elected" Otto II as his father's successor. One of Otto II's first acts was to confirm the rights and possessions of the Archbishop of Magdeburg. Although Otto II had succeeded peacefully to the throne, internal divisions of power still remained unaddressed. During his first seven years as Emperor, he was constantly occupied with maintaining Imperial power against internal rivals and external enemies.
  
  The domestic problems Otto the Great faced between 963 and 972 had not been resolved by his death. The Saxon nobility continued to resist the Archdiocese of Magdeburg located along the Empire's eastern border. Though established by Otto I, the exact details of the diocese's boundaries were left to Otto II and his aides. Otto II's marriage to the Byzantine Princess Theophanu proved to be to his disadvantage because the Saxon nobles felt it distanced the Emperor from their interests. Among Otto II's chief advisors, only the Saxon Bishop Dietrich I of Metz had close connections with the old Saxon nobility. His other advisers lacked support from the Empire's various dukes. The Archbishop of Mainz, Willigis, appointed in 975, who had been Otto II's advisor since Otto the Great's second expedition into Italy in the 960s, had not been born into a noble family. Hildebald of Worms, who had been appointed as Otto II's Chancellor in 977 and then as Bishop of Worms in 979, was also not from a noble family.
  
  Otto the Great also failed to clarify affairs in Italy prior to his death. Otto died soon after the appointment of Pope Benedict VI in 973. In 974 Benedict was imprisoned in the Castel Sant'Angelo, the stronghold of the Crescentii family. When Otto II sent an imperial representative, Count Sicco, to secure his release, Crescentius I and Cardinal-Deacon Franco Ferrucci, who would subsequently become Boniface VII, an antipope, had Benedict murdered while still in prison.[4]
  
  Following his coronation, a rift developed between Otto II and his mother, the Dowager Empress Adelaide of Italy. From the death of Otto the Great until Easter 974, Adelaide accompanied the Emperor at all times, traveling throughout the Empire with him. However, Otto II's mother and his wife Theophanu each mistrusted the influence the other held over the Emperor, causing friction within the Imperial household. A final meeting between Otto II and Adelaide was arranged shortly before Pentecost in 978, but a peaceful outcome was not achieved, forcing Adelaide to retire to Burgundy and to the protection of her brother King Conrad of Burgundy.
  
  Otto II sought continued peace between himself and the descendants of his uncle Henry I, Duke of Bavaria. To ensure domestic tranquillity, Otto II, on 27 June 973, granted his cousin, Henry II, Duke of Bavaria, control over the imperial castles in Bamberg and Stegaurach. This was not enough for the young Bavarian Duke, who wished to extend his
  
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  BIO
  BIO: Emperor of the West, 973-983; King of Italy, 973
  
  ** from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/GERMANY,%20Kings.htm#OttoIGermanyEmperordied973 as of 6/8/2016
  
  OTTO (end 955-Rome 7 Dec 983, bur Rome S
  
  Otto II (955-December 7, 983)
  Otto II (955-December 7, 983), called the Red (Rufus), was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death in 983. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto II was the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto
  
  Descendant
  Amazing to discover we are descendants of this man. If you are related please feel free to reach out!
  Pamela Cruz Ford
  Mspamelaford@gmail.con
  
  === OTTO II (955-83), Holy Roman emperor (9 ===
  OTTO II (955-83), Holy Roman emperor (967-83), king of Germany (961-83), the son of Otto I, with whom he ruled jointly from 967 to 973. In 976 he suppressed a rebellion that was led by his cousin Henry II, duke of Bavaria (951-95). Two years later, having been attacked by Lothair, king of France (941-86), Otto drove the French out of Lorraine but was unsuccessful in besieging Paris. Later Lothair renounced Lorraine, and peace was established. Otto next invaded southern Italy, gaining possession of Naples, Salerno, and Taranto, but he was overwhelmingly defeated by the Greeks and Saracens at Cotrone in 982. He died in Rome while planning a second invasion. His wife, Theophano (955?-91), brought Byzantine refinement and culture to the German court.
  
  === Emperor 973 - 983. NEHGS; Pages 88 - 89. ===
  Emperor 973 - 983. NEHGS; Pages 88 - 89.
  
  === !NAME-BIRTH-SPOUSE-MARRIAGE-CHILDREN-FAT ===
  !NAME-BIRTH-SPOUSE-MARRIAGE-CHILDREN-FATHER-DEATH: ROYALTY FOR COMMONERS, by Roderick W. Stuart; Second Edition; Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc.; 1001 N. Calvert Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21202; 1988, 1992; Second printing 1993; Library of Congress Catalouge Card Number 92-71395; Notes: Otto II, Emperor of the West, in 973-983; King of Italy, in 973; born in 955; he died 7 December 983; he married 2ndly, 14 April 972, in Rome, Theophano Skleros of Byzantium; she was born in 956; died 15 September 991, Nymwagen, Germany; ---(NOTE: Theophano Skleros was not the daughter of Romanus II, Eastern Roman Emperor, as stated by several authorities, including Brook (Brook, nos. *, 12) See Moriarty. T for scholarly refutation.)--- Otto II, is the son of Kaiser Otto I, "the Great," King of Germany, from 939-973; King of Italy, in 951; Emperor of the West, from 962-973; he was born 23 November 912; he died 7 May 973, at Memleben, Germany; he married 1stly Eadgyth, daughter of Edward "the Elder", King of England; and Aelflaed; he married 2ndly in October 974, to St. Adelaide of Burgundy; he is the father Richilde, Princess of Germany, a bastard, who is not a daughter of either of these two wives; His daughter Richilde, married Kuno, Count of Ohningen, Germany, married to Richilde, Princess of Germany, a bastard; they were the parents of N.N., (Line 321-33), their daughter who married as the 8th wife to St Vladimir I Swjatoslawitsch, "the Great, " of Kiev, Ukraine; Grand Prince of Novgorod and Kiev; son of Svatislav/Sviatoslaw/Swjatoslaw I Igorjewitsch, Prince of Novgorod, Grand Duke of Kiev, Grand Prince of Perejaslaw; St. Vladimir I, was born in about 955, in Kiev, Ukraine; he was baptized a Christian in 988; he died 15 July 1015, at Berestow, near Kiev, Russia; he married 3rdly, Rognieda de Polotsk (the mother of Jaroslav I); she was born about 956; she died in 1002. St Vladinir I, had many pagan wives and concubines of whom these are known: married 1stly Adlaga; 2ndly Olava; 4thly Malfrida, a Bohemian, she died in 1002; 5thly, N.N., a Greek, widow of his brother Teropolk; 6thly N.N. (in Line 27-36), a Bulgarian; 7thly, in 989, Anna, daughter of the Eastern Emperor, the Basilius Romanos, who died 1011; St. Vladimir I and Rognieda de Polotsk were the parents of Jaroslav I Wladimirowwitsch, Grand Prince of Kiev; Jaroslav I was born in 978, at Kiev, Ukraine, Russia; he died 20 February 1054, at Kiev, Ukraine, Russia; he married 2ndly February 1019, Ingegerd, Princess of Sweden; daughter of Olaf III "Skotkonung" King of Sweden, a Christian and Astrid; Ingegerd was born about 1001; she died 10 February 1050, in Kiev, Ukraine; they were the parents of Anna/Agnes Jaroslawna of Kiev, Ukraine; Anna/Agnes was born in 1036; she died 1076/1089; and was buried at Abbaye Villiers; she married 19 May 1051, at Rheims, Marne, France, as the 3rd wife Henry I, King of France 1031-1060; Duke of Burgundy, Count of Paris; son of Robert II "the Pious" King of France 988-1031 and Constance of Arles; Henry I, was born in 1008, at Bourgogne, Isere, France; he died 4 August 1060, at Vitry-en-Brie, near Paris; he was buried at St. Denis, Seine-St-Denis; they were the parents of Hugh Magnus de Crepi, Duke of France and Burgundy, Marquis of Orleans, Count of Amiens, Clermont, Paris, Vallois and Vermandois; Crusader; a leader of the 1st Crusade; he was the son of Henry I, King of France and Anna/Agnes Jaroslawna of Kiev, Ukraine; Hugh Magnus was born in 1057; he died 18 October 1101, in Tarsus, Turkey (Asia Minor); he married after 1067, Adelaide de Vermandois; daughter of Herbert IV Count of Vermandois, Vexin and Valois and Adela de Valois/Vexin; ---(NOTE: This line has been extended considerably (20 lines with about 300 new "John of Gaunt" connections in unbroken sequence) but the work giving this information is undercopyright and permission was denied for publication in "Royalty for Commoners". The work, "Descents from Antiquity, Part I," comprising 31 inter related charts on light card stock, systematically connects numerous Europeans of the Middle Ages (including John of Gaunt's father, King Edward III) with the rulers and leaders of Asia and Africa going back to the pre-Christian era. This is factual material based on sound research, and the unpublished bibliography is available on a limited basis at the Augustan Society headquarters. The work is available for a donation of at least $25.00 dollars from the Augustan Society, Box P, Torrance, California 90508-0210. You may use this material in your personal "unpublished" genealogy, keeping in mind that copyright violation is a serious offence).---
  
  === Otto II (Rufus) was Holy Roman Emperor f ===
  Otto II (Rufus) was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 to 983. He followed his father's example and tried to keep power over Lombardy, Burgundy, Germany, and the Slavic borderlands. Otto II tried to extend his power by claiming several provinces in southern Italy. But the Greek emperor opposed his claim, and called on the Saracens for help in a war against the Germans. Otto was defeated at Cotrone in 982 and left southern Italy. He died at Rome while planning another compaign. Source: 'The World Book Encyclopedia', 1968, p. O-667.
  
  === Biography ===
  Otto II (955 – December 7, 983), called the Red (Rufus), was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death in 983. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto II was the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto the Great and Adelaide of Italy.
  
  Otto II was made joint-ruler of Germany in 961, at an early age, and his father named him co-Emperor in 967 to secure his succession to the throne. His father also arranged for Otto II to marry the Byzantine Princess Theophanu, who would be his wife until his death. When his father died after a 37-year reign, the eighteen-year-old Otto II became absolute ruler of the Holy Roman Empire in a peaceful succession. Otto II spent his reign continuing his father's policy of strengthening Imperial rule in Germany and extending the borders of the Empire deeper into southern Italy. Otto II also continued the work of Otto I in subordinating the Catholic Church to Imperial control.
  
  === German king from 961 and Holy Roman emp ===
  German king from 961 and Holy Roman emperor from 967, sole ruler from 973, son of Otto I and his second wife, Adelaide. Otto continued his father's policies of promoting a strong monarchy in Germany and of extending the influence of his house in Italy. In 961 he was crowned co-regent king of Italy and Germany with his father and was made co-regent emperor in 967. On April 14, 972, he married the Byzantine princess Theophano. At his father's death in 973 he was accepted without opposition as successor, although revolts in the duchy of Bavaria and in Lorraine occupied the early years of his reign. Bavaria, the most independent of the duchies, rebelled in 974, under the leadership of its duke, Henry II the Quarrelsome, Otto's cousin. It was not until 978 that Bavaria was pacified, the same year that Lothair, king of France, invaded Lorraine. In 979 Otto received the submission of Bohemia and Poland, and in 980 Lothair renounced his claim to Lorraine. Having thus secured his German dominions, Otto marched into Italy in 980, where German rule had been maintained by an imperial party headed by Hugh, marquis of Tuscany. Otto invaded southern Italy and was decisively defeated there by the Arabs in 982. In 983 he summoned a diet at Verona, where his young son, Otto III, was crowned German king. Otto II died in 983 while attempting to bring Venice under imperial control. His absence from Germany had occasioned revolts along its borders, and after his defeat in Calabria in 982 the German position east of the Elbe collapsed because of a revolt by the Danes and an invasion by the Slavs. Nonetheless, Otto left a firmly established realm to his son and successor Otto III.
  
  === reigned 973-983 Otto II was chosen Germa ===
  reigned 973-983 Otto II was chosen German king in 961 and crowned joint emperor at Rome by Pope John XIII (25 Dec 967); he became sole emperor on the death of his father (in May, 973). His son reigned as Otto III, 983-1002.
  
  === Sources: Kraentzler 1517; RC 237; A. Roo ===
  Sources: Kraentzler 1517; RC 237; A. Roots; AF. Emperor of the West (Holy Roman Empire), 973-983. King of Italy, 973. Descendants, including Polish line, in Roots Line 147.
  
  === !OTTO II (son of Otto I and St. Adelaide ===
  !OTTO II (son of Otto I and St. Adelaide), b. ca 955, d. Rome, 7 Dec., 983, Emperor 973-983; m. (2) 14 Apr. 972, Theophane, b. ca. 956-60, d. 15 Jun. 991. Ref. shows Theophana prob. dau. of Leo Phokas, son of Sophis Phokas by her husb. Constantin Skiearos, brother of Marie, 1st wife of the Basileus John Tsimices. [Weis "60 Colonists", line 147-20.] !Otto II of Tullfeld, lived 1008. ["Royalty for Commoners," line 102-36.]
  
  === REIGNED: Emperor of the Holy Roman Empir ===
  REIGNED: Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and German King (973-83)
  Otto II, 955-83, emperor (973-83) and German king (961-83), was forced to
  defend the great empire left him by his father. He put down a revolt by his
  cousin, the duke of Bavaria; repulsed Danish attacks from the north; and
  resisted French efforts to annex Lorraine. He was defeated by the Arabs in S
  Italy, and his failure to expel them greatly diminished the prestige of his
  empire.
  SOURCE: Concise Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Copyright 1994, Columbia
  University Press.;Columbia Ency. (c) 1944
  
  GIVN Otto II Rufus
  SURN Wettin
  NSFX [Emperor]
  AFN 9HMC-G7
  REIGNED: Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and German King (973-83)
  Otto II, 955-83, emperor (973-83) and German king (961-83), was forced to
  defend the great empire left him by his father. He put down a revolt by his
  cousin, the duke of Bavaria; repulsed Danish attacks from the north; and
  resisted French efforts to annex Lorraine. He was defeated by the Arabs in S
  Italy, and his failure to expel them greatly diminished the prestige of his
  empire.
  SOURCE: Concise Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Copyright 1994, Columbia
  University Press.;Columbia Ency. (c) 1944
  
  === "THE GENEALOGIST" VOL. 2 #1, "BYZANTINE ===
  "THE GENEALOGIST" VOL. 2 #1, "BYZANTINE ANC. HRH PRINCE CHARLES. To my (Roger W. Winget - Genealogy@Winget.com) knowledge, this individual was still alive as of May 2000. Acquired from Roger W. Winget (Genealogy@Winget.com)
  
  === Name Suffix: King of Germans Ances ===
  Name Suffix: King of Germans Ancestral File Number: 9HMC-G7 !Title: King of the Germans and Emperor Of The HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE. "Western Europe inthe Middle Ages, 300-1475" by Tierney, 1978. (King and Emperor 973-983) OttoII subdued revolt of his cousin Henry II of Bavaria (976); drov eFrench out of Lorraine but was unsuccessful in seige of Paris (978); claime dprovinces insouthern Italy but disasterously defeated by Saracens and Greeks (982); married at Rome (972) Theophano (955-991), daughter of Byzantine emperor, Romanus II, who had great influence at his court, introducing much o fthe refinement ofConstantinople, and who, after his death, ruled (983-991) for her son Otto IIIas coregent with the boy's grandmother Adelaide.
  
  === THIS INFO CAME FROM THE ENCYCLOPEDIA BRI ===
  THIS INFO CAME FROM THE ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA CD2000.
  
  === SORLEY'S PEDIGREES (GS NUMBER Q929.242 S ===
  SORLEY'S PEDIGREES (GS NUMBER Q929.242 SO68) P.17; THE PLANTAGENET ANCESTRY (GS NUMBER Q940 D2T) P.23; BETHAMIS GENEALOGICAL TABLES (GS NUMBER Q929.2 B465G) TAB 137, 138;
  
  === Otton II Le Roux von Sachsen REmperador ===
  Otton II Le Roux von Sachsen REmperador del Sacro Imperio Germanico.
  
  === !Otto II King of Germany and Holy Roman ===
  !Otto II King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor, b. 955, d. Dec; 7, 983, was crowned German King in 961 and Holy roman emperor in 967, both during the lifetime of his father, Otto I. Although he succeeded his father without challenge in 973, his reign was not peaceful. In 974 his cousin Duke Henry II of Bavaria revolted against him, obtaining support from Prince Mieszko I of Poland and from Prince Boleslav II of Bohemia. This revolt was suppressed in 978. After a war with France over Lorraine, Otto led and expedition into Italy in 980. He restored Pope Benedict VII, who had been driven from his see by a Roman faction, but his campaign against the Arabs (Saracens) in southern Italy ended (982) with a decisive defeat. In 983 he learned of invasions of his domains by both the Danes and the Slavs, but he died before returning to Germany. His son Otto III succeeded him.
  
  === Otto II (955-83), Holy Roman emperor (96 ===
  Otto II (955-83), Holy Roman emperor (967-83), king of Germany (961-83), the son of Otto I, with whom he ruled jointly from 967 to 973. In 976 he suppressed a rebellion that was led by his cousin Henry II, duke of Bavaria. Two years later, having been attacked by Lothair, king of France, Otto drove the French out of Lorraine but was unsuccessful in besieging Paris. Later Lothair renounced Lorraine, and peace was established. Otto next invaded southern Italy, gaining possession of Naples, Salerno, and Taranto, but he was overwhelmingly defeated by the Greeks and Saracens at Crotona in 982. He died in Rome while planning a second invasion. His wife, Theophano, brought Byzantine refinement and culture to the German court. "Otto II," Microsoft(R) Encarta(R) 97 Encyclopedia. (c) 1993-1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
  
  === Deutscher König seit 961, Kaiser seit 25 ===
  Deutscher König seit 961, Kaiser seit 25.12.967 (zum Mitkaiser gekr¨ont). Nach des Vaters Tod Auseinandersetzungen mit seinem Vetter Heinrich II. von Bayern (und Kärnten) (976 abgesetzt), den Luitpoldingern und den Reginaren in Niederlothringen. Der Versuch des französischen Königs Lothar, Lothringen Fankreich einzugliedern, wurde vereitelt (Feldzug vor Paris 978, Friedens- schluß 980). Auf seinem im Oktober 980 begonnnen Italienzug sicherte Otto die Stellung des Papsttums gegen den stadtrömischen Adel (crescentier). Sein Vorstoß nach Süditalien endete in einer vernichtenden Niederlage beim Kap Colonne in der Provinz Catanzaro gegen die Araber (13.7.982). 983 zerstörte der Aufstand der Dänen und Slawen fast das gesamte Aufbauwerk seines Vaters östlich von Saale und Elbe.
  
  === !Ancestral Roots of Certain American Col ===
  !Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before BIRTH: 1700. by Frederick Lewis Weis. Seventh Edition. Page 129 !DEATH: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700. by Frederick Lewis Weis. Seventh Edition. Page 129
  
  === !SOURCES: Royal Ancestors of Magna Cart ===
  !SOURCES: Royal Ancestors of Magna Carta Barons; by Collins, pgs. 221 & 222 NOTES: Emperor 973-983
  
  === !He became emperor on 9 Dec 967. Married ===
  !He became emperor on 9 Dec 967. Married on 14 April 972 to Theophania the daughter of Roman II, Emperor of Constattinople who died 15 June 991. They had as their children Otto III; Mathilde who married Ezzo, Palatine of the Rhine in 992. She died 4 Nov 1025; Adeleheid born 977 the Abbes of Quedlinburg in 999 and Gandersheim in 1039. She died in 1044; Sophis, Abess of Gandersheim in 1002.
  
  === Otto II (955-83), Holy Roman emperor (96 ===
  Otto II (955-83), Holy Roman emperor (967-83), king of Germany (961-83), the son of Otto I, with whom he ruled jointly from 967 to 973. In 976 he suppressed a rebellion that was led by his cousin Henry II, duke of Bavaria. Two years later, having been attacked by Lothair, king of France, Otto drove the French out of Lorraine but was unsuccessful in besieging Paris. Later Lothair renounced Lorraine, and peace was established. Otto next invaded southern Italy, gaining possession of Naples, Salerno, and Taranto, but he was overwhelmingly defeated by the Greeks and Saracens at Cotrone in 982. He died in Rome while planning a second invasion. His wife, Theophano, brought Byzantine refinement and culture to the German court. "Otto II," Microsoft (R) Encarta. Copyright (c) 1994 Microsoft Corporation. Copyright (c) 1994 Funk & Wagnall's Corporation.
  
  === Otto II was chosen German king in 961 a ===
  Otto II was chosen German king in 961 and crowned joint emperor at Rome by Pope John XIII (12-25-967); he became sole emperor on the death of his father(05-973). His son reigned as Otto III, 983-1002. Weis' "Ancestral Roots . . ." (147:20).

• m. 972 in Saxony, Germany
• m. 14 APR 972 in Roma, Provincia di Roma, Latium, Italy

1. Matilda VON LOTHARINGEN, b. 979 in Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Allemagne     d. 4 NOV 1025 in Echtz, Kreis Düren, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Allemagne

1. Title: Der Genealogische Abend - Die Edelherren zur Lippe und Ihre Nachfahren
   Publication: Name: http://www.nhv-ahnenforschung.de/Bernhard/index.htm;
   Page: http://www.nhv-ahnenforschung.de/Bernhard/LippezurBernhardVIIKekLV/html/p001462.htm#P1462
   
2. Title: Peerage, The
   Author: Darryl Lundy, The Peerage, a genealogical survey of teh Peerage of Britian as well as the royal families of Europe(http://thepeerage.com : accessed 10 Aug 2019), Otto I von sachsen;
   Note: Otto I von Sachsen, Holy Roman Emperor was born on 23 November 912. He was born on 22 November 912.2 He was the son of Heinrich I von Sachsen, Holy Roman Emperor and Mathilda von Ringelheim.3 He married Adelaide of Italy, daughter of Rudolph II, Roi de Jurane Bourgogne and Berta von Schwaben.4 He married Eadgyth (?), daughter of Eadweard I, King of Wessex and lfld (?), between 925 and 930.5 He died on 7 May 973 at age 60. He died on 7 May 973 at age 60 at Memleben.2 Otto I von Sachsen, Holy Roman Emperor also went by the nick-name of Otto \'the Great\'. He gained the title of Herzog von Sachsen.5 He succeeded as the Emperor Otto I of the Holy Roman Empire in 936.3 He gained the title of Otto I Deutscher Kaiser in 936. He was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 962.3Children of Otto I von Sachsen, Holy Roman Emperor and Eadgyth (?) Richilde von Sachsen+ Liudolf, Duke of Swabia+5 d. 957 Liutgarde von Sachsen+5Child of Otto I von Sachsen, Holy Roman Emperor and Adelaide of Italy Otto II von Sachsen, Holy Roman Emperor+3 b. 955, d. 7 Dec 983Citations [S16] Jir Louda and Michael MacLagan, Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe, 2nd edition (London, U.K.: Little, Brown and Company, 1999), page 223. Hereinafter cited as Lines of Succession. [S7803] Christof Steineg von Steinig, online unknown url, Christof Steineg von Steinig (unknown location). [S38] John Morby, Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook (Oxford, Oxfordshire, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 122. Hereinafter cited as Dynasties of the World. [S130] Wikipedia, online http;//www.wikipedia.org. Hereinafter cited as Wikipedia. [S11] Alison Weir, Britain\'s Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 13. Hereinafter cited as Britain\'s Royal Families.Gerberge von Sachsen
   
3. Title: Wikipedia: Otto II
   Publication: Name: https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_II._(HRR);