Leo VI the Wise of Macedonia

• Preferred Name: Leo VI the Wise of Macedonia^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• LdsEndowment: 7 APR 1989 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• Birth: 19 SEP 866 in Constantinople, Anatolia, Byzantine Empire at LATI: N1.15 LONG: E8.75
  
• Burial: 912 in Church of the Holy Apostles, Constantinople, Anatolia, Byzantine Empire at LATI: N1.15 LONG: E8.75
  
• LdsBaptism: 24 JAN 1989 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• FSID: L5P9-K8Y
  
• Death: 11 MAY 912 in Constantinople, Anatolia, Byzantine Empire at LATI: N1.15 LONG: E8.75
  
• LdsSealingToParents: 8 APR 1989 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Leo VI, called the Wise (Greek: Λέων ὁ Σοφός, romanized: Leōn ho Sophos, 19 September 866 – 11 May 912), was Byzantine Emperor from 886 to 912. The second ruler of the Macedonian dynasty (although his parentage is unclear), he was very well read, leading to his epithet. During his reign, the renaissance of letters, begun by his predecessor Basil I, continued; but the Empire also saw several military defeats in the Balkans against Bulgaria and against the Arabs in Sicily and the Aegean. His reign also witnessed the formal discontinuation of several ancient Roman institutions, such as the separate office of Roman consul.
  
  Early life
  
  Leo VI (right) and Basil I, from the 11th-century manuscript by John Skylitzes
  Born on 19 September 866 to the empress Eudokia Ingerina,[2] Leo was either the illegitimate son of Emperor Michael III[3][4][5] or the second son of Michael's successor, Basil I the Macedonian.[6][7][8] Eudokia was both Michael III's mistress and Basil's wife. In 867, Michael was assassinated by Basil, who succeeded him as emperor.[9] As the second-eldest son of the Emperor, Leo was associated on the throne in 870[10] and became the direct heir on the death of his older half-brother Constantine in 879.[11] However, Leo and Basil did not like each other; a relationship that only deteriorated after Eudokia's death, when Leo, unhappy with his marriage to Theophano, took up a mistress in the person of Zoe Zaoutzaina. Basil married Zoe off to an insignificant official, and later almost had Leo blinded when he was accused of conspiring against him.[12][13] On 29 August 886, Basil died in a hunting accident, though he claimed on his deathbed that there was an assassination attempt in which Leo was possibly involved.[14]
  
  Domestic policy
  
  One of the first actions of Leo VI after his succession was the reburial, with great ceremony, of the remains of Michael III in the imperial mausoleum within the Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople.[15] This contributed to the suspicion that Leo was (or at least believed himself to be) in truth Michael's son.[11] Seeking political reconciliation, the new emperor secured the support of the officials in the capital, and surrounded himself with bureaucrats like Stylianos Zaoutzes (the father of his mistress, Zoe Zaoutzaina)[14] and the eunuch Samonas, an Arab defector whom Leo raised to the rank of patrikios and who stood in as godfather to Leo's son, Constantine VII.[16] His attempts to control the great aristocratic families (e.g., the Phokadai and the Doukai) occasionally led to serious conflicts,[17] the most significant being the revolt of Andronikos Doukas in 906.[18]
  
  Leo also attempted to involve himself in the church through his arbitrary interference with the patriarchate.[19] Using his former tutor Patriarch Photios's excommunication by Pope John VIII as an excuse, Leo dismissed him[20] and replaced him with his own 19-year-old brother Stephen in December 886.[11] On Stephen's death in 893, Leo replaced him with Zaoutzes' nominee, Antony II Kauleas, who died in 901.[17] Leo then promoted his own Imperial secretary (mystikos) Nicholas, but suspicions that he was involved in the failed assassination attempt against Leo in 903[21] as well as his opposition to Leo's fourth marriage saw Nicholas replaced with Leo's spiritual father Euthymios in 907.[18]
  
  The magnificent Church of Ayios Lazaros in Larnaca was constructed during the rule of Leo VI in the late 9th century,[22] and it was built after the relics of St. Lazaros were transported from Crete to Constantinople.[23] The church is one of the best examples of Byzantine architecture. Leo also completed work on the Basilika, the Greek translation and update of the law code issued by Justinian I, which had been started during the reign of Basil.[24]
  
  Bishop Liutprand of Cremona gives an account similar to those about Caliph Harun al-Rashid, to the effect that Leo would sometimes disguise himself and go about Constantinople looking for injustice or corruption. According to one story, he was even captured by the city guards during one of his investigations. Late in the evening, he was walking alone and disguised. Though he bribed two patrols with 12 nomismata and moved on, a third city patrol arrested him. When a terrified guardian recognized the jailed ruler in the morning, the arresting officer was rewarded for doing his duty, while the other patrols were dismissed and punished severely.[citation needed]
  
  Foreign policy
  
  Leo VI's fortune in war was more mixed than Basil's had been.[25] In indulging his chief counselor Stylianos Zaoutzes, Leo provoked a war with Simeon I of Bulgaria in 894, but he was defeated.[26] Bribing the Magyars to attack the Bulgarians from the north, Leo scored an indirect success in 895.[27] However, deprived of his new allies, he lost the major Battle of Boulgarophygon in 896 and had to make the required commercial concessions and to pay annual tribute.[28]
  
  Although he won a victory in 900 against the Emirate of Tarsus, in which the Arab army was destroyed and the Emir himself captured,[29] in the west the Emirate of Sicily took Taormina, the last Byzantine outpost on the island of Sicily, in 902.[30] Nevertheless, Leo continued to apply pressure on his eastern frontier through the creation of the new thema of Mesopotamia, a Byzantine invasion of Armenia in 902, and the sacking of Theodosiopolis, as well as successful raids in the Arab Thughur.[29]
  
  Then, in 904 the renegade Leo of Tripolis sacked Thessalonica with his pirates—an event described in The Capture of Thessalonica by John Kaminiates—while a large-scale expedition to recover Crete under Himerios in 911–912 failed disastrously. Nevertheless, the same period also saw the establishment of the important frontier provinces (kleisourai) of Lykandos and Leontokome on territory recently taken from the Arabs.[31] In 907 Constantinople was attacked by the Kievan Rus' under Oleg of Novgorod, who was seeking favourable trading rights with the empire.[30] Leo paid them off, but they attacked again in 911, and a trade treaty was finally signed.[32]
  
  Marriages
  Leo VI caused a major scandal with his numerous marriages which failed to produce a legitimate heir to the throne.[33] His first wife Theophano, whom Basil had forced him to marry on account of her family connections to the Martinakioi, and whom Leo hated,[34] died in 897, and Leo married Zoe Zaoutzaina, the daughter of his adviser Stylianos Zaoutzes, though she died as well in 899.[35] Upon this marriage Leo created the title of basileopatōr ("father of the emperor") for his father-in-law.[36]
  
  After Zoe's death a third marriage was technically illegal,[37] but he married again, only to have his third wife Eudokia Baïana die in 901.[29] Instead of marrying a fourth time, which would have been an even greater sin than a third marriage (according to the Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos)[38] Leo took as mistress Zoe Karbonopsina.[39] He married her only after she had given birth to a son in 905,[37] but incurred the opposition of the patriarch. Replacing Nicholas Mystikos with Euthymios,[17] Leo got his marriage recognized by the church (albeit with a long penance attached, and with an assurance that Leo would outlaw all future fourth marriages).[18]
  
  Succession
  
  The future Constantine VII was the illegitimate son born before Leo's uncanonical fourth marriage to Zoe Karbonopsina.[37] To strengthen his son's position as heir, Leo had Constantine crowned as co-emperor on 15 May 908, when he was only two years old.[40] Leo VI died on 11 May 912.[17] He was succeeded by his younger brother Alexander, who had reigned as emperor alongside his father and brother since 879.[41]
  
  Family
  By his first wife, Theophano Martinakia, Leo VI had one daughter:
  
  Eudokia, who died in 892.[42]
  
  By his second wife, Zoe Zaoutzaina, Leo had one daughter:
  
  Anna,[36] betrothed and married to the Holy Roman Emperor Louis the Blind,[43] though Dr. Shaun Tougher, Reader in Ancient History at Cardiff University, doubts they were married.[44]
  
  By his third wife, Eudokia Baïana, Leo had one son:
  
  Basil, who survived for only a few days.[33]
  
  By his fourth wife, Zoe Karbonopsina, Leo had two children:[39]
  
  Anna
  Constantine VII.
  
  === (1) Theophania/ (3) Eendocin * (4) Joe/d ===
  (1) Theophania/ (3) Eendocin * (4) Joe/de Karbunpostan
  
  === (1) Theophania (2) Zoe/(de Zantzus) (4) ===
  (1) Theophania (2) Zoe/(de Zantzus) (4) Zoe/(de Karbunpostan)
  
  === 35 generations back for me ===
  
  === --Other Fields ®64 ===
  --Other Fields ®64
  
  === Death date also aft 27 Jan 945 ===
  Death date also aft 27 Jan 945
  
  === (2) Joe/de Gantous (3) Endosia/* (4) Joe ===
  (2) Joe/de Gantous (3) Endosia/* (4) Joe/de Karbun...stona
  
  === !TITLE:EMPEROR OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE ===
  !TITLE:EMPEROR OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE
  
  === Line 140338 from GEDCOM File not recogni ===
  Line 140338 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: TITL [EMPEROR OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE] From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 2 January 1996.
  
  === From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 2 J ===
  From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 2 January 1996. From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 2 January 1996.
  
  === Line 80130 from GEDCOM File not recogniz ===
  Line 80130 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: TITL [EMPEROR OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE]
  
  === !Pedigree Chart from Family Org. ===
  !Pedigree Chart from Family Org.
  
  === Line 6366 from GEDCOM File not recogniza ===
  Line 6366 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: TITL [EMPEROR OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE] Line 7162 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: TITL [EMPEROR OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE] Line 7154 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: TITL [EMPEROR OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE] Line 4057 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: TITL [EMPEROR OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE] Line 5405 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: TITL [EMPEROR OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE]
  
  === "Our Royal Ancestors" by Fred M Cawley p ===
  "Our Royal Ancestors" by Fred M Cawley page 42, #2
  
  === _P_CCINFO 1-14417 ===
  _P_CCINFO 1-14417
  
  === ?? Line 89657: (New PAF RIN=9764) 1 TITL ===
  ?? Line 89657: (New PAF RIN=9764) 1 TITL [EMPEROR OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE] ?? Line 35684: (New PAF RIN=21459) 1 TITL [EMPEROR OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE]
  
  === !SOURCE: BRITANNICA MICROPAEDIA READY R ===
  !SOURCE: BRITANNICA MICROPAEDIA READY REFERENCE VOL 10 PG 161 1987 EDITION; STATUS REPORT, #2, PG 8, DATED 16 MARCH 1992
  
  === !GENERAL:Ancestral File (TM), Ancestral ===
  !GENERAL:Ancestral File (TM), Ancestral File (TM), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, June 1998 (c), data as of 5 JAN 1998 Repository: Family History Library 35 N West Temple Street Salt Lake City, UT 8415 !GENERAL:Ancestral File (TM), Ancestral File (TM), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, June 1998 (c), data as of 5 JAN 1998
  
  === From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 2 J ===
  From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 2 January 1996.
  
  === Line 86 from GEDCOM File not recognizabl ===
  Line 86 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: TITL [EMPEROR OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE] Line 301 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: TITL [EMPEROR OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE]
  
  === my 38th great grandfather ===
  im from england
  
  === Person note ===
  !Birka paper by Tor Gannholm pg 4 excerpt from Gotland Pearl of the Baltic
  In the year 911 a document was signed between the Byzantine Emperor Leo VI and the Gotlandic Varangians: Karl, Ingjald, Farulf, Vermund, Hrollaf, Gunnar, Harold, Kami, Frithleif, Hroarr, Angantyr, Throand, Leithulf, Fast, and
  Steinvith.
  One of the aims of the treaty was to maintain and proclaim the amity which
  for many years had joined Christians, i.e, Greeks, and Rhos, Gotlanders. This
  statement very well explains the peaceful relations between the two countries that began in 861 or shortly thereafter. It is known that in the treaty of 911 there is a special clause which allows the Gotlandic Rhos who desire honoring the Emperor to come at any time and to remain in his service. They shall be permitted in this respect to act according to their desire. We must not forget that Leo VI was the grandson of the Gotlandic Varangian Ingr and was well aware of Gotlandic conditions.
  
  === Line 76 from GEDCOM File not recognizabl ===
  Line 76 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: NAME Konstantinos /LEKAPENOS/ GIVN Konstantinos Line 77 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: NAME Konstantinos /LEKAPENOS/ SURN LEKAPENOS Line 80 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: SOUR @S01@
  
  === Line 5403 from GEDCOM File not recogniza ===
  Line 5403 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: TITL [EMPEROR OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE]
  
  === Line 3247 from GEDCOM File not recogniza ===
  Line 3247 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: TITL [EMPEROR OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE]
  
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  Line 7162 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: TITL [EMPEROR OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE] Line 7162 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: TITL [EMPEROR OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE]
  
  === From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 5 J ===
  From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 5 JAN 1998.
  
  === Name Suffix: Emperor Ancestral Fil ===
  Name Suffix: Emperor Ancestral File Number: GG56-PD
  
  === NOTES: Emperor of Constantinople 886-91 ===
  NOTES: Emperor of Constantinople 886-912 Was a Natural Son of his Father
  
  === Line 613 from GEDCOM File not recognizab ===
  Line 613 from GEDCOM File not recognizable or too long: TITL [EMPEROR OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE]

• m. ABT 883

• m. ABT 900 in Costantinople, Anatolia, Byzantine Empire

• m. 9 JAN 906 in Constantinople, Anatolia, Byzantine Empire

1. Anne de Constantinople, b. 887 in Constantinople, Istanbul, Turkey     d. 912 in Constantinople, Anatolia, Byzantine Empire
2. Constantine VII Emperor "Porphyrogenitus" of Byzantium, b. 17 MAY 905 in Constantinople, Anatolia, Byzantine Empire     d. 9 NOV 959 in Constantinople, Anatolia, Byzantine Empire

1. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Konstantinos LEKAPENOS [EMPEROR OF THE -
   Author: Ancestral File (R), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998, Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA
   
2. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Konstantinos LEKAPENOS [EMPEROR OF THE -
   Author: Ancestral File (R), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998, Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA
   
3. Title: Wikipedia - Leo VI, Emperor of the Byzantine Empire
   Note: Leo VI Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans Byzantine emperor Reign 29 August 886 – 11 May 912 Coronation 6 January 870[1] Predecessor Basil I Successor Alexander Born 19 September 866 - Constantinople Died 11 May 912 (aged 45) - Constantinople Burial Church of the Holy Apostles, Constantinople Wives Theophano Martinakia Zoe Zaoutzaina Eudokia Baïana Zoe Karbonopsina Issue Eudokia, Anna, Anna, Basil, Constantine Dynasty Macedonian Father Basil I (disputed) or Michael III (most evidence) Mother Eudokia Ingerina Leo VI, called the Wise (Greek: Λέων ὁ Σοφός, romanized: Leōn ho Sophos, 19 September 866 – 11 May 912), was Byzantine Emperor from 886 to 912. The second ruler of the Macedonian dynasty (although his parentage is unclear), he was very well read, leading to his epithet. During his reign, the renaissance of letters, begun by his predecessor Basil I, continued; but the Empire also saw several military defeats in the Balkans against Bulgaria and against the Arabs in Sicily and the Aegean. His reign also witnessed the formal discontinuation of several ancient Roman institutions, such as the separate office of Roman consul. Early life Leo VI (right) and Basil I, from the 11th-century manuscript by John Skylitzes Born on 19 September 866 to the empress Eudokia Ingerina,[2] Leo was either the illegitimate son of Emperor Michael III[3][4][5] or the second son of Michael's successor, Basil I the Macedonian.[6][7][8] Eudokia was both Michael III's mistress and Basil's wife. In 867, Michael was assassinated by Basil, who succeeded him as emperor.[9] As the second-eldest son of the Emperor, Leo was associated on the throne in 870[10] and became the direct heir on the death of his older half-brother Constantine in 879.[11] However, Leo and Basil did not like each other; a relationship that only deteriorated after Eudokia's death, when Leo, unhappy with his marriage to Theophano, took up a mistress in the person of Zoe Zaoutzaina. Basil married Zoe off to an insignificant official, and later almost had Leo blinded when he was accused of conspiring against him.[12][13] On 29 August 886, Basil died in a hunting accident, though he claimed on his deathbed that there was an assassination attempt in which Leo was possibly involved.[14] Domestic policy One of the first actions of Leo VI after his succession was the reburial, with great ceremony, of the remains of Michael III in the imperial mausoleum within the Church of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople.[15] This contributed to the suspicion that Leo was (or at least believed himself to be) in truth Michael's son.[11] Seeking political reconciliation, the new emperor secured the support of the officials in the capital, and surrounded himself with bureaucrats like Stylianos Zaoutzes (the father of his mistress, Zoe Zaoutzaina)[14] and the eunuch Samonas, an Arab defector whom Leo raised to the rank of patrikios and who stood in as godfather to Leo's son, Constantine VII.[16] His attempts to control the great aristocratic families (e.g., the Phokadai and the Doukai) occasionally led to serious conflicts,[17] the most significant being the revolt of Andronikos Doukas in 906.[18] Leo also attempted to involve himself in the church through his arbitrary interference with the patriarchate.[19] Using his former tutor Patriarch Photios's excommunication by Pope John VIII as an excuse, Leo dismissed him[20] and replaced him with his own 19-year-old brother Stephen in December 886.[11] On Stephen's death in 893, Leo replaced him with Zaoutzes' nominee, Antony II Kauleas, who died in 901.[17] Leo then promoted his own Imperial secretary (mystikos) Nicholas, but suspicions that he was involved in the failed assassination attempt against Leo in 903[21] as well as his opposition to Leo's fourth marriage saw Nicholas replaced with Leo's spiritual father Euthymios in 907.[18] The magnificent Church of Ayios Lazaros in Larnaca was constructed during the rule of Leo VI in the late 9th century,[22] and it was built after the relics of St. Lazaros were transported from Crete to Constantinople.[23] The church is one of the best examples of Byzantine architecture. Leo also completed work on the Basilika, the Greek translation and update of the law code issued by Justinian I, which had been started during the reign of Basil.[24] Bishop Liutprand of Cremona gives an account similar to those about Caliph Harun al-Rashid, to the effect that Leo would sometimes disguise himself and go about Constantinople looking for injustice or corruption. According to one story, he was even captured by the city guards during one of his investigations. Late in the evening, he was walking alone and disguised. Though he bribed two patrols with 12 nomismata and moved on, a third city patrol arrested him. When a terrified guardian recognized the jailed ruler in the morning, the arresting officer was rewarded for doing his duty, while the other patrols were dismissed and punished severely.[citation needed] Foreign policy Leo VI's fortune in war was more mixed than Basil's had been.[25] In indulging his chief counselor Stylianos Zaoutzes, Leo provoked a war with Simeon I of Bulgaria in 894, but he was defeated.[26] Bribing the Magyars to attack the Bulgarians from the north, Leo scored an indirect success in 895.[27] However, deprived of his new allies, he lost the major Battle of Boulgarophygon in 896 and had to make the required commercial concessions and to pay annual tribute.[28] Although he won a victory in 900 against the Emirate of Tarsus, in which the Arab army was destroyed and the Emir himself captured,[29] in the west the Emirate of Sicily took Taormina, the last Byzantine outpost on the island of Sicily, in 902.[30] Nevertheless, Leo continued to apply pressure on his eastern frontier through the creation of the new thema of Mesopotamia, a Byzantine invasion of Armenia in 902, and the sacking of Theodosiopolis, as well as successful raids in the Arab Thughur.[29] Then, in 904 the renegade Leo of Tripolis sacked Thessalonica with his pirates—an event described in The Capture of Thessalonica by John Kaminiates—while a large-scale expedition to recover Crete under Himerios in 911–912 failed disastrously. Nevertheless, the same period also saw the establishment of the important frontier provinces (kleisourai) of Lykandos and Leontokome on territory recently taken from the Arabs.[31] In 907 Constantinople was attacked by the Kievan Rus' under Oleg of Novgorod, who was seeking favourable trading rights with the empire.[30] Leo paid them off, but they attacked again in 911, and a trade treaty was finally signed.[32] Marriages Leo VI caused a major scandal with his numerous marriages which failed to produce a legitimate heir to the throne.[33] His first wife Theophano, whom Basil had forced him to marry on account of her family connections to the Martinakioi, and whom Leo hated,[34] died in 897, and Leo married Zoe Zaoutzaina, the daughter of his adviser Stylianos Zaoutzes, though she died as well in 899.[35] Upon this marriage Leo created the title of basileopatōr ("father of the emperor") for his father-in-law.[36] After Zoe's death a third marriage was technically illegal,[37] but he married again, only to have his third wife Eudokia Baïana die in 901.[29] Instead of marrying a fourth time, which would have been an even greater sin than a third marriage (according to the Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos)[38] Leo took as mistress Zoe Karbonopsina.[39] He married her only after she had given birth to a son in 905,[37] but incurred the opposition of the patriarch. Replacing Nicholas Mystikos with Euthymios,[17] Leo got his marriage recognized by the church (albeit with a long penance attached, and with an assurance that Leo would outlaw all future fourth marriages).[18] Succession The future Constantine VII was the illegitimate son born before Leo's uncanonical fourth marriage to Zoe Karbonopsina.[37] To strengthen his son's position as heir, Leo had Constantine crowned as co-emperor on 15 May 908, when he was only two years old.[40] Leo VI died on 11 May 912.[17] He was succeeded by his younger brother Alexander, who had reigned as emperor alongside his father and brother since 879.[41] Family By his first wife, Theophano Martinakia, Leo VI had one daughter: Eudokia, who died in 892.[42] By his second wife, Zoe Zaoutzaina*, Leo had one daughter: *Anna,[36] betrothed and married to the Holy Roman Emperor Louis the Blind,[43] though Dr. Shaun Tougher, Reader in Ancient History at Cardiff University, doubts they were married.[44] By his third wife, Eudokia Baïana, Leo had one son: Basil, who survived for only a few days.[33] By his fourth wife, *Zoe Karbonopsina, Leo had two children:[39] *Anna Constantine VII. *same people: Zoe "Karbonopsina -of the coal black eyes" is the same person as Zoe Zaoutzaina; Anna is the same daughter although she appears to have been born prior to their marriage.
   
4. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Konstantinos LEKAPENOS [EMPEROR OF THE -
   Author: Ancestral File (TM), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, June 1998 (c), data as of 5 JAN 1998
   
5. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
   Note: LEON, son of Emperor BASILEIOS I & his second wife Evdokia Ingerina ([Sep 867]-11 May 912, bur Constantinople Church of the Holy Apostles). The Vita Basilii names "uxor…Eudocia cum liberis Constantino et Leone"[1093]. Liudprand names "Leo Porphyrogenitus, Basilii imperatoris filius"[1094]. Georgius Monachus Continuatus records the birth in Sep of "Leo imperator ex Michaele et Eudocia Ingerina"[1095]. It should be noted that Symeon Magister records the birth in Sep (maybe in 866 from the context) of "Constantinus ex Michaele imperatore et Eudocia Ingerina" but does not mention the birth of Leon[1096]. It is not known whether this relates to a birth in the same year, and if this is correct what the true identity of the son was. Settipani discusses at length the legitimacy of Emperor Leon VI, concluding that he was the son of Emperor Mikhael III by Evdokia Ingerina who continued to be the emperor's mistress (he says) until his death in 867, when his widow was married to co-Emperor Basileios to preserve appearances[1097]. There appears to be no way of confirming or denying this. Emperor Basilieios crowned him co-emperor in 869. He succeeded his father in 886 as Emperor LEON VI "the Wise/the Philosopher". Theophanes Continuatus records that "Leo…imperator" was 25 years and eight months old when he succeeded his father[1098]. He composed a large number of poems and orations. His major administrative achievement was the 60 volumes of new legal codes, τα βασιλικά, based on the work started by his father. In contrast, Leo's foreign policy was disastrous. Following the removal of the Bulgarian market from Constantinople to Thessaloniki, engineered by Stylianos Zautzes who gained from the move commercially, Symeon I Prince of Bulgaria invaded Byzantium in 894[1099]. Leon VI agreed an alliance with the Magyars to effect a counter-attack on Bulgaria's northern frontier. Following an invasion by Byzantine general Nikeforos Fokas, and a blockade of the Danube by the Byzantine fleet, Symeon was forced to conclude an armistice. However, Symeon secretly allied himself with the Pechenegs for a joint attack on the Magyars, subsequently renewing his attack on Byzantium. The Byzantines were defeated at Bulgarophygon in 896, and obliged to pay tribute to Bulgaria[1100]. The Arabs virtually completed their conquest of Sicily by 902, and attacked Armenia and Cilicia in the east. Thessaloniki fell to them 31 Jul 904. These disasters were followed by the reconstruction of the Byzantine fleet, some successes in the eastern Mediterranean, but final defeat at Chios in Spring 912. Emperor Leon's series of marriages triggered major conflicts with the church. He dismissed Patriarch Nikolaos Mysticus who refused to recognise his fourth marriage[1101], turning to Rome for a dispensation which was granted by Pope Sergius III in 907, but this inevitably worsened his difficulties with the Orthodox church. Theophanes Continuatus records that Emperor Leon died 11 May[1102]. Emperor Konstantinos VII's De Ceremoniis Aulæ records that "imperator Leo Sapiens Basilii filius et filius eius Constantinus Porphyrogenitus" were buried in the church of the Holy Apostles[1103]. m firstly (Manaura [883/84], repudiated [893/94]) THEOFANO, daughter of KONSTANTINOS Martiniakos & his wife --- (-10 Nov 897, bur Constantinople Church of the Holy Apostles). Symeon Magister records the marriage in the sixteenth year of the reign of Emperor Basileios of "Constantinus Leonis imperatorem" and "Theophanonem Martinacii filiam"[1104]. Georgius Monachus Continuatus records that "Leoni imperatori" married "Martinacii filiam…in Manaura"[1105]. Settipani speculates[1106] that an ancestor of Theofano's father married a sister of Emperor Mikhael II. Symeon Magister records that Emperor Leon fell in love with "Zoem Zautzæ filiam" in the third year of his reign, and married her in the seventh year of his reign when "prima…eius uxor Theophano" retired "in sancta Soro Blachernarum"[1107]. Theophanes Continuatus names "Theophano…imperatoris uxor" and in a later passage records her death after twelve years in power[1108]. Symeon Magister records that "Theophano Augusta" died "cum imperasset annos duodecim"[1109]. Emperor Konstantinos VII's De Ceremoniis Aulæ records that "S. Theophano, prima uxor B. Leonis et eius filia Eudocia" were buried in the church of the Holy Apostles[1110]. She was venerated as a saint by the Orthodox church. m secondly ([893/94]) as her second husband, ZOE Zautzina, widow of THEODOROS Gouniatzizes, daughter of STYLIANOS Zautzes & his wife --- (-May 899, bur Constantinople St Zoe). Theophanes Continuatus records that "Zautzam…Zoes eius filiæ" was Emperor Leon's mistress after "viro illius Theodoro, cognomento Guniazitze" was poisoned[1111]. Symeon Magister records that Emperor Leon fell in love with "Zoem Zautzæ filiam" in the third year of his reign, and married her in the seventh year of his reign when "prima…eius uxor Theophano" retired "in sancta Soro Blachernarum"[1112]. Her father became Emperor Leon VI's principal adviser, holding the new post of basileopator until his death in 896. Symeon Magister records that Emperor Leon crowned "alteram coniugem suam Zoem Zautzæ filiæ" after his first wife died[1113]. Theophanes Continuatus records that Emperor Leon crowned "Zoem Zautzæ filiam" and married her after the death of his wife, but that she lived one year and eight months "in imperio"[1114]. Symeon Magister records that "Zoem Zautzæ filiæ" was buried in May "exstructo templo titulo Sancta Zoe", dated to 899 from the context[1115]. Emperor Konstantinos VII's De Ceremoniis Aulæ records that "Zoe, secunda eiusdem Leonis uxor" was buried in the church of the Holy Apostles[1116]. m thirdly (Spring 900) EVDOKIA "Baïana", from Phrygia, daughter of --- (-12 Apr 901). Theophanes Continuatus records that Emperor Leon married "puellam ex Opsicii themate…Eudociam" who was crowned as "Augusta", recording that she died giving birth to a male child[1117]. This third marriage was contrary to Byzantine law, Emperor Leon himself having confirmed the prohibition of third marriages by special law some year earlier, and triggered conflict between the emperor and the Church[1118]. Emperor Konstantinos VII's De Ceremoniis Aulæ records that "Eudocia, Baïni cognominata, tertia eiusdem Domini Leonis uxor" was buried in the church of the Holy Apostles[1119]. m fourthly (9 Jan 906) ZOE “Karbonopsina”, daughter of --- (-after 918, bur Constantinople Monastery of St Euphemia). Theophanes Continuatus records Emperor Leon's fourth marriage to "Zoe" and, in a later passage, that a marriage ceremony was performed after the birth of their son Konstantinos, when she was proclaimed "Augustam"[1120]. The mother of "[Constantini] Porphyrogeniti" is named Zoe by Liudprand[1121]. Symeon Magister records that Emperor Leon married his fourth wife "Zoem…Carbunopsinam" in the seventeenth year of his reign, that the couple's son was born in the twentieth year of his father's reign, and that their marriage was blessed in the twenty-first year of his reign when Zoe was proclaimed Augusta[1122]. It is assumed that this source should be interpreted as meaning that Zoe became the emperor's mistress in the seventeenth year of his reign, in [903]. She was Emperor Leo's mistress from [902]. He installed her in the imperial palace 11 May 903[1123]. He had been unwilling to marry her for fear of risking even greater conflict with the Church, after the difficulties about third marriage, but eventually did so in order to legitimise his son Konstantinos as his heir. He named her Augusta three days after the wedding[1124]. She was sent to a convent in 912 by her husband's successor Emperor Alexander. She replaced Patriarch Nikolaos as regent for her minor son in 913. Cedrenus records that "mater Zoe ac tutores" administered the government for "Constantinus imperator Leonis filius" and that she was helped by "Constantinus cubicularius" who had married her sister and against whom "Leo Phocas magister et scholarum domesticus orientalium" plotted[1125]. Following the disastrous war with Bulgaria, she was set aside in 918 by Romanos Lekapenos. Emperor Konstantinos VII's De Ceremoniis Aulæ records that "Zoe mater…Porphyrogeniti Constantini…Imperatoris, nepotis Basilii" was buried in "monasterio S. Euphemiæ dictæ Formosæ"[1126]. Emperor Leon VI & his first wife had one child: 1. EVDOKIA ([890/90]-893, bur Constantinople Church of the Holy Apostles). Emperor Leon VI & his second wife had [two] children: 2. ANNA (-[901/early 904]). 3. [EVDOKIA [Anna] (-bur Constantinople, Church of the Holy Apostles). Emperor Leon VI & his third wife had one child: 4. son (Apr 901-[901]). Theophanes Continuatus records that Emperor Leon's wife "puellam ex Opsicii themate…Eudociam…Augusta" died giving birth to a male child[1135]. same person as…? BASILEIOS (-bur Constantinople Church of the Holy Apostles). Emperor Leon VI & his fourth wife had one child (legitimated by the subsequent marriage of his parents): 5. KONSTANTINOS (905-9 Nov 959, bur Constantinople Church of the Holy Apostles)
   
6. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Konstantinos LEKAPENOS [EMPEROR OF THE -
   Author: Ancestral File (TM), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, July 1996 (c), data as of 2 January 1996
   
7. Title: Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-Current
   Author: Ancestry.com, "Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-Current" (Ancestry.com Operations, Inc.).
   Note: Author: Ancestry.com Title: Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-Current Publication: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc.
   
8. Title: Short History of Byzantium
   Author: John Julius Norwich, A Short History of Byzsantium (New York, NY: Vintage Books, January 1999), Page 157.