Borivoj Duke of Bohemia I

• Preferred Name: Borivoj Duke of Bohemia I^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Duke of Bohemia
  
• Endowment: 30 JAN 1934
  
• FSID: LD34-XWJ
  
• Seal+to+Parents: 5 JAN 1949 in Salt Lake City, Salt Lake, Utah, United States at LATI: N0.7608 LONG: E111.8903 with note: Description: Sealing to parents
  
• LdsBaptism: 13 JAN 1934 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• Birth: 852 in Prague, Bohemia, Czech Republic at LATI: N0.0868 LONG: E4.4207
  
• Death: 889 in Tetín, Beroun, Středočeský, Czech Republic at LATI: N9.9484 LONG: E4.1016
  
• Clan Name: with note: Description: House of Přemyslid
  
• Burial: ABT 889 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Bořivoj was the "first" Christian "prince" (duke) of Bohemia. Legend says he was a descendant of the fabled Přemysl.
  
  According to legend, he was of the Přemyslovec family of Levý Hradec and married Ludmila, the daughter of Slavibor of Pšov (Mělník). With her, he had 6 children: 3 boys and 3 girls.
  
  Around 882 he and his wife were baptized by Methodius of the Byzantine Empire, using Christianity to help grow and secure power. From about 883-885, he was overthrown by Strojmír but returned to the thrown after Strojmír's death. Borivoj died around 888 and Svatopluk of Moravia took over. However, Svatopluk died in 894 and Borivoj's oldest son Spytihnev regained control of the territory.
  
  -------------------------------
  
  Bořivoj I (Czech pronunciation: [ˈbor̝ɪvoj], Latin: Borzivogius, c. 852 – c. 889) was the first historically documented Duke of Bohemia and progenitor of the Přemyslid dynasty. His reign over the Duchy of Bohemia is believed to have started about the year 870, but in this era Bohemia was subordinated to Great Moravia. One of the most important clues to the approximate time of his accession is the contemporary Frankish chronicle Annales Fuldenses, which mentions several West Slavic princes in the year 872, among them one Goriwei, who may be identical with Bořivoj.
  
  Knize of Bohemia
  Reign
  867–889
  Predecessor
  unknown
  Successor
  Spytihněv I
  Born
  c. 852
  Died
  c. 889
  Noble family
  Přemyslid dynasty
  Spouse(s)
  Ludmila
  
  Life
  
  According to the early 12th-century Chronica Boëmorum, Bořivoj was a son of the legendary Bohemian prince Hostivít, thus a descendant of Queen Libuše and her husband Přemysl the Ploughman. His ancestry has not been conclusively established by historians, however. In view of his dependence on Great Moravia, he might have been related by blood to the Mojmir dynasty.
  
  Bořivoj initially resided at Levý Hradec, a gord situated northwest of present-day Prague. As the head of the Přemyslids who dominated the Central Bohemian environs, Bořivoj declared himself kníže ("prince") - in Latin dux, which means a sovereign prince - around the year 867 AD. His title was later translated by German scholars as "duke" (Herzog) of the Bohemians (Czechs). Although the rulers of the German stem duchies emerging in the late 9th century held the same title, the meaning of his title was in fact completely different. In contrast to the German dukes who acted as the representatives of higher rulers (kings or emperors), the Czech dux denoted a sovereign ruler. Bořivoj was recognised as such around 872 by his overlord King Svatopluk I of Moravia, who dispatched Bishop Methodius of Thessalonica to begin the Christianization of Bohemia.
  
  In 872, Bořivoj supported Svatopluk militarily in his dispute with the East Frankish king Louis the German, and in south Bohemia, they defeated the Frankish troops. About 874, Bořivoj married Ludmila (later canonized as St. Ludmila of Bohemia). The couple had two known sons, Spytihněv and Vratislaus, both of whom succeeded him as dukes. Ludmila and Bořivoj were baptised by Methodius (probably in 883), and the latter became an enthusiastic evangelist, although the religion failed to take root among Bořivoj's subjects.
  
  In the years 883/884 Bořivoj was deposed by a revolt in support of his Přemyslid kinsman Strojmír. He was restored in 885 only with the support of his suzerain Svatopluk of Moravia. The duke or (more probably) his son Spytihněv moved his residence to the Hradčany mountain and laid the foundations for Prague Castle. When Bořivoj died about 889, his sons still minors, King Svatopluk concluded an agreement with the East Frankish ruler Arnulf of Carinthia and took over the rule of the Bohemian duchy himself.
  
  As with most of the early Bohemian rulers, Bořivoj is a shadowy figure; exact dates for his reign and vital statistics cannot be established. Nonetheless, several major fortifications and religious foundations are said to have dated from this time.
  
  Notes
  
  1. Hugh LeCaine Agnew (2004). The Czechs and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown. Hoover Press. p. 1832. ISBN 978-0-8179-4492-6.
  
  German Wikipedia:
  „Der erste historisch greifbare böhmische Fürst und der erste bekannte Herrscher aus dem Geschlecht der Přemysliden.
  Sein Sitz war ursprünglich die Burg Levý Hradec nordwestlich des heutigen Prag. Von seinem Rivalen Strojmír ins Mährerreich vertrieben, ordnete er sich der Oberherr-schaft des dortigen Königs Svatopluk I. unter und kehrte mit seiner Hilfe nach Böhmen zurück. Dort legte er den Grundstein für die Prager Burg auf dem Berg Hradschin, von der aus er sein Herrschaftsgebiet um Prag regierte. Daraus sollte sich das Herzogtum und spätere Königreich Böhmen entwickeln.
  Obwohl Bořivoj oft als erster Herzog von Böhmen bezeichnet wird, kann man von zu diesem Zeitpunkt noch nicht von einem einzigen böhmischen Herrschaftsgebiet spre-chen. Dieses entwickelte sich erst unter seinen Nachfolgern, wobei die damals statt-findende Christianisierung eine große Rolle spielte. Der Überlieferung nach wurde Bořivoj zusammen mit seiner Frau, der später heiliggesprochenen Ludmilla, um das Jahr 880 herum von Erzbischof Method von Saloniki getauft. Mit Ludmilla hatte er zwei namentlich bekannte Söhne, Spytihněv I. und Vratislav I., die nacheinander Her-zog wurden. Letzterer ist der Vater des Heiligen Wenzel von Böhmen, der gemeinsam mit Ludmilla zu den Landespatronen Böhmens gehört.“
  
  Medieval Lands 2017 „Bohemia“, Einleitung: The Slavs began to occupy what was to become Bohemia, left unpopulated by the Germanic Quadi and Marcomanni, in the 6th century as part of their movement westwards[1]. They posed little threat to the Franks as their territory was isolated by the natural barriers formed by the Erzgebirge and Böhmerwald mountains. Einhard's Annales record a council at Frankfurt in 822 atten-ded by legates from "orientalium Sclavorum, id est Abodritorum, Soraborum, Wiltzo-rum, Beheimorum, Marvanorum, Prædenecentorum et in Pannonia residentium Ava-rum"[2]. Fourteen of their duces were baptised at the court of Ludwig II "der Deut-sche" King of the East Franks in 845[3]. There is some confusion between Bohemia and Moravia in primary sources during the mid-9th century. For example, the Annales Fuldenses record that a military expedition was sent to "Bohemia" in 857 although, as the text names the Moravian duke, it is likely that Moravia was intended[4]. It is pos-sible that Bohemia did not exist at that time as a separate entity but that the territory was subject to Moravian domination.
  The first identified reference to Bohemia as a separate unit is in the Gesta Francorum which names "Zventisla, Witislavi, Heriman, Spoitamor, Moyslan, Goriwei" as the dukes of the Bohemians in 872[5]. The same list is given in the Annales Fuldenses, also in 872[6]. It is not clear what independent status these named individuals may have enjoyed. However, as the text singles out none of them as overall leader, it is likely that they were local chiefs probably reporting to the Moravian duke. At any rate, in the later 9th century, Bohemia was still subject to the overlordship of the Mo-ravians from whom they received missionaries[7]. The Chronica Boemorum names "Premizl" as the first of the dynasty which was later known by his name, and his suc-cessors "Nezamizl", "Mnata", "Vogen", "Unezlau", "Crezomisl", "Neclan" and "Gosti-vit"[8]. It is not known whether this list represents actual historical figures. The first known direct ancestor of the later dukes of Bohemia was Bořiwoj, alleged son of Gostiwit, whose baptism by Methodius Bishop of Moravia is recorded in the Chronica Boemorum and the Cronica Principum Regni Boemiæ, see Chapter 1. His descendants continued to rule Bohemia until the death in 1306 of the last descendant in the male line.
  Vladislav II Duke of Bohemia was crowned as king of Bohemia in 1158 (see Chapter 2). The royal title was not inherited by his sons. His younger son Duke Přemysl Otakar I was crowned king in 1198, and his descendants continued to rule as kings. After King Wenzel III was murdered in 1306, Albrecht I King of Germany engineered the succession as king of Bohemia of his son Rudolf III Duke of Austria, who had mar-ried King Wenzel´s stepmother. King Rudolf died later in 1307, at which time Hein-rich von Görz, son of Meinhard II Duke of Carinthia, was appointed to succeed (see Chapter 3). After King Heinrich´s succession as duke of Carinthia in 1310, the Bohe-mian crown passed to Jean Comte de Luxembourg, elected as Jan King of Bohemia, who at the same time married the older sister of King Wenzel III (see Chapter 4). The Luxembourg dynasty retained the Bohemian throne until the death in 1437 of King Zikmund. The Luxembourg kings of Bohemia leveraged their territorial strength along the western and eastern borders of the Holy Roman Empire to acquire a position of considerable power in Germany. King Jan imposed Bohemian suzerainty on Silesia in 1327 and in 1334 installed his son Karl as Markgraf of Moravia. Three years after Karl succeeded his father, he was crowned as king of Germany and in 1355 as Emper-or Karl IV. The Bohemian crown passed to the Habsburg dynasty in 1437 (see Chapter 5). In 1458, the crown passed to a Bohemian nobleman Jiři Podiebrad (Chapter 6), although his succession was challenged by Mátyás Hunyadi King of Hungary who also assumed the title king of Bohemia (Chapter 7) but was deposed in 1471 at the same time as the death of King Jiři Podiebrad, at which time the Bohemian throne passed to the Jagiellon kings of Poland (Chapter 8).
  BOŘIWOJ, son of --- ([852/53]-[900]). The Chronica Boemorum names Gostivit as the father of Borwoy, and records that the latter was the first duke to be baptised by Methodius Bishop of Moravia, during the reign of Svatopluk King of Moravia[9]. He founded the town of Prague[10]. Dux. The Cronica Principum Regni Boemiæ records that "Borzywoy primus Dux christianus in Boemia" was
  
  === Ancestral File Number: 8BG4-CT From ===
  Ancestral File Number: 8BG4-CT From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 2 January 1996.
  
  === Borivorius I ("Borivoj") was baptised by ===
  Borivorius I ("Borivoj") was baptised by Methodius ("Apostle to the Slavs" with St. Cyril) about 873 {-Encycl. Brit., 1956 Ed., 3:783} - he was the first Christian duke.
  
  === PRINCE OF PRAGUE. PRINCE OF PSOW. CONVE ===
  PRINCE OF PRAGUE. PRINCE OF PSOW. CONVERTED TO CHRISTIANITY 871 BY METHODIUS.
  
  === Borivorius and St. Ludmilla were the fir ===
  Borivorius and St. Ludmilla were the first Christians to rule Bohemia. They were baptized at Velebrad by St. Methodius in 871. She was the chief promoter of Christianity in Bohemia and was violently opposed by the adherents of national paganism. When her grandson, St. Wenceslaus, ascended the throne in 920, he was still a minor and his mother, Drahomira, served as regent. Drahomira was in sympathy with the pagans and so instigated the murder of Ludmilla at Tetin where she was living in retirement.
  
  === Ancestral File Number: 8BG2-V5 ===
  Ancestral File Number: 8BG2-V5
  
  === AKA-BIRTH-MARRIAGE-DEATH: LDS Ancestor f ===
  AKA-BIRTH-MARRIAGE-DEATH: LDS Ancestor file - Doc. AFN000324 Aka: Borijov I, Duke of Bohemia Birth: About 842; Of,Praha,Praha,Czechoslovakia Marriage: Lidmila ze Psova Death: About 894; ,Tetin,Horovice,Czechoslovakia
  
  === Sources: Kraentzler 1494; AF and RC 362. ===
  Sources: Kraentzler 1494; AF and RC 362. RC: Princeling of Bohemia, Prince of Prague and, by marriage, of Psow(Psov). Converted to Christianity, 871, Methodius. K: Borziwoi I of Bohemia, Chieftain of Bohemia, Prince of Prague,Psov.
  
  === THE PLANTAGENET ANCESTRY (GS NUMBER Q940 ===
  THE PLANTAGENET ANCESTRY (GS NUMBER Q940 D2T) P.57; SORLEY'S PEDIGREES (GS NUMBER Q929.242 SO68) P.17; BETHAMIS GENEALOGICAL TABLES (GS NUMBER Q929.2 B465G) TAB 424;
  
  === L Sorley: The Sorley Pedigrees P. 17 ===
  L Sorley: The Sorley Pedigrees P. 17
  
  === First Christian Duke of Bohemia ===
  First Christian Duke of Bohemia
  
  === SLAVIC STATE NEAR POMERANIA AND MECKLENB ===
  SLAVIC STATE NEAR POMERANIA AND MECKLENBURG
  
  === ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ ===
  Возможно, одно и тоже лицо с 4806.
  http://ru.rodovid.org/wk/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C:161194
  Борживой I (чеш. Bořivoj I) (ок. 852 — не позднее 894[1]) — первый исторический князь чехов c 870/872 года, представитель династии Пржемысловичей. Согласно легендам, сын чешского князя Гостивита.
  Чехия в составе Великой Моравии
  Первоначальным владением Борживоя I была крепость в Леви-Градеке (к северо-западу от современной Праги) и его земли входили в состав Великой Моравии. Впервые упоминаеется в исторических документах в 870 году, когда участвовал на стороне великоморавского князя Святополка I в сражении с королём Восточно-франкского королевства Людовиком II Немецким. За это Святополк I даровал Борживою земли в центральной части современной Чехии, где Борживой на горе Градишин построил крепость (град), на месте которого возникла Прага. Ок. 872 года Святополк Моравский признал его князем всех чехов.
  В это же время[2], согласно «Легенде Криспиана», созданной в 990-е годы, Борживой был крещён при дворе князя Святополка святым Мефодием. Для распространения христианства в землях чехов князь Великой Моравии направил его к Борживою и здесь Мефодий крестил жену Борживоя, Людмилу, и некоторых приближённых князя, однако большинство чехов остались язычниками. В своей новой столице Борживой построил первую в Чехии христианскую церковь — церковь Святого Климента. Так как многие чехи были недовольны политикой христианизации, проводимой Борживоем I, в 883 или в 884 году против князя поднялось восстание, которое возглавил его родственник Строймир. Борживой бежал к князю Святополку I и вскоре с его помощью подавил восстание. В честь победы он построил в своей столице, на месте где собиралось народное вече, церковь Святой Девы Марии. Когда через несколько лет Борживой умер, его земли перешли под непосредственную власть князя Святополка I Моравского, однако, после его смерти в 894 году князем чехов стал старший сын Борживоя, Спытигнев I.
  Семья
  Жена: с 874 года(?) — святая Людмила (ок. 860—15 сентября 921), дочь Славибора из Псова.
  Дети: три дочери и три сына, в том числе:
  Спытигнев I (875?—915) — князь Чехии (ок. 894—915)
  Вратислав I (ок. 888—13 февраля 921) — князь Чехии (915—921).
  Примечания
  
  Даты жизни Борживоя I точно не известны. Как даты рождения фигурируют также 853 и 855 годы, как даты смерти — 888 и 889 годы.
  Дата крещения Борживоя I точно не установлена и в различных источниках упоминаются 869, 870, 872, 883 и 885 годы.
  Литература
  
  Козьма Пражский. Чешская хроника — М., 1962.
  Борживой I — Православная энциклопедия. — М.: Церковно-научный центр «Православная энциклопедия», 2003. — Т. VI. — С. 26—27. — 752 с. — ISBN 5-89572-010-2.
  
  NAME: LHBL-WKC
  
  === Se convirtio al cristianismo en 845. Fu ===
  Se convirtio al cristianismo en 845. Fue abandonado por su esposa Santa Ludmila .
  
  === !NAME: Borijov I, Duke Of BOHEMIA ===
  !NAME: Borijov I, Duke Of BOHEMIA
  
  === Ancestral File Number: 8BG4-CT ===
  Ancestral File Number: 8BG4-CT
  
  === 1 HIST PAGAN,CONVERTED TO CHRISTIANITY ===
  1 HIST PAGAN,CONVERTED TO CHRISTIANITY 871
  
  === 871 Fürst v. Prag u. Psow, Hg. v. Böhmen ===
  871 Fürst v. Prag u. Psow, Hg. v. Böhmen
  
  === Source: RC 362. He was a lord of Luticz, ===
  Source: RC 362. He was a lord of Luticz, a Slavic state near Pomerania andMecklenburg.
  
  === #150023
  
  Citations
  
  1. [S38] John Morby, ===
  #150023
  
  Citations
  
  1. [S38] John Morby, Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook (Oxford, Oxfordshire, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 155. Hereinafter cited as Dynasties of the World.
  
  Borivoj I, Duke of Bohemia was a member of the House of Premysl.1 He gained the title of Duke of Bohemia in 870
  
  === He was the first Christian Duke of Bohem ===
  He was the first Christian Duke of Bohemia.
  
  === My PAF Notes ===
  from thepeerage.com, 2/2009:
  Borivoj I, Duke of Bohemia1
  M, #150023, d. 895
  Last Edited=8 Jul 2005
  Borivoj I, Duke of Bohemia died in 895.1
  Borivoj I, Duke of Bohemia was a member of the House of Premysl.1 He gained the title of Duke of Bohemia in 870.1
  Children of Borivoj I, Duke of Bohemia
  Spytihnev I, Duke of Bohemia d. 9121
  Vratislav I, Duke of Bohemia + d. 9211
  Citations
  [S38 ] John Morby, Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook (Oxford, Oxfordshire, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 155. Hereinafter cited as Dynasties of the World.
  
  === !FTM Vol 8, tree #2634. ===
  !FTM Vol 8, tree #2634.
  
  === 1st Christian Duke of Bohemia. ===
  1st Christian Duke of Bohemia.
  
  === From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 5 J ===
  From Ancestral File (TM), data as of 5 JAN 1998.
  
  === By marriage converted to Christianity in ===
  By marriage converted to Christianity in 871 (by Methodius)

• m. 873

1. Vratislaus Duke of Bohemia I, b. ABT 888 in Praha, Praha, Czechoslovakia     d. 13 FEB 921 in Praha, Praha, Czechoslovakia

1. Title: Legacy NFS Source: "Duke" Borijov I, ze Bohemia (Duke of Bohemia) -
   Author: Ancestral File (TM), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, June 1998 (c), data as of 5 JAN 1998, Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84150 USA
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3243695014
   
2. Title: Legacy NFS Source: "Duke" Borijov I, ze Bohemia (Duke of Bohemia) -
   Author: Ancestral File (R), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998, Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2676700743
   
3. Title: Přemyslid dynasty: Bořivoj I
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99emyslid_dynasty;
   Note: The Přemyslid dynasty or House of Přemyslid (Czech: Přemyslovci, German: Premysliden, Polish: Przemyślidzi) was a Czech royal dynasty which reigned in the Duchy of Bohemia and later Kingdom of Bohemia and Margraviate of Moravia (9th century–1306), as well as in parts of Poland (including Silesia), Hungary, and Austria. Origin and growth of the Přemyslid dynasty The dynasty's origin dates back to the 9th century, when the Přemyslids ruled a tiny territory around Prague, populated by the Czech tribe of the Western Slavs. Gradually they expanded, conquering the region of Bohemia, located in the Bohemian basin where it was not threatened by the expansion of the Frankish Empire. The first historically-documented Přemyslid duke was Bořivoj I (867). In the following century, the Přemyslids also ruled over Silesia and founded the city of Wroclaw (German: Breslau), derived from the name of a Bohemian duke, Vratislaus I, father of Saint Wenceslaus. Under the reign of Prince Boleslaus I the Cruel (935) and his son Boleslaus II the Pious (972), the Přemyslids ruled territory stretching to today's Belarus. The dynasty controlled vital trade routes during this time. The Bohemian lands and Prague were an important center of trade where merchants from all of Europe settled, including many Jews, as recalled in 965 by the Hispano-Jewish merchant and traveller Ibrahim ibn Ya'qub. He wrote, "Prague is a city from the stone, the richest of all states north of the Alps." After their rise to prominence, however, struggles within the family set in motion a decline in power and, in 1002, the Polish duke Boleslaus the Brave occupied Prague. Boleslaus III, son of Boleslaus II, escaped from Bohemia; decades of confusion and anarchy ensued. The decline ended in the reign of Prince Bretislaus I, grandson of Boleslaus II. He in turn looted Poland, including the cities of Krakow and Gniezno (1038), where he obtained the relics of St. Adalbert. He sought the establishment of the Prague archbishopric and a royal title. His son and successor Vratislaus II became the first King of Bohemia in 1085. Vratislav's son Sobeslaus I destroyed the Imperial army of King Lothar III in the Battle of Chlumec in 1126. This allowed a further strengthening of Bohemia, culminating during the reign of Vratislav's grandson, King Vladislaus II (1158). Vladislav II founded many monasteries and built the first stone bridge across the Vltava river, one of the earliest in Central and Northern Europe. Once again, internal struggles started the decline of the Přemyslids. Many leaders from the dynasty alternated on the Bohemian throne, leading to their eventual bankruptcy. Finally, on his ascension to the throne, Ottokar I began a series of changes that brought Bohemia out of crisis, and began a period of success that lasted for nearly 220 years. At the height of its power Ottokar I became the third King of Bohemia in the year 1198 but was the first King of Bohemia to acquire a hereditary royal title. This began significant growth of the Přemyslids' dynastic power. There was also a large urban and crafts development in Bohemia. In the second half of the 13th century, the Přemyslids were one of the most powerful dynasties in Central Europe. King Přemysl Ottokar II, son of Wenceslas I, earned the nickname "Iron and Golden King" because of his military power and wealth. After several victorious wars with the Hungarian Kingdom, he acquired Austria, Styria, Carinthia and Carniola, extending Bohemian territory to the Adriatic Sea. King Ottokar II aspired to the imperial crown of the Holy Roman Empire. His ambitions started the conflict with House of Habsburg, who were, until then, little-known princes, which suited the interests of German noble Houses better than the mighty king Ottokar. The representative of Habsburgs Rudolf was elected as King of Romans. In the Battle of Marchfeld (1278), Ottokar clashed with Imperial and Hungarian armies yet he was killed in battle himself. The Habsburgs acquired Austria, retaining it until the 20th century. Ottokar's son King Wenceslaus II was just seven when he came to the throne of Bohemia. Over time, thanks to deft diplomacy, he gained the Polish crown for himself and the crown of Hungary for his son. Wenceslas II brought together a vast empire stretching from the Baltic Sea to the Danube river and established numerous cities, among them Plzeň in 1295. Bohemia became a wealthy nation during his reign thanks to a large vein of silver at Kutná Hora. He introduced the silver Prague groschen, which was an important European currency for centuries, and planned to build the first university in Central Europe. The power and wealth of the Kingdom of Bohemia gave rise to great respect, but also to the hostility of other European royal families. The dynasty began to collapse following the untimely death of Wenceslaus II (1305), and the assassination of his only son, Wenceslaus III in 1306, which ended their rule. On the distaff side, however, the dynasty continued, and in 1355, Bohemian king Charles IV, the grandson of Wenceslaus II, was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in Rome. Legendary rulers The name of the dynasty, according to Cosmas in his Chronica Boemorum (1119), comes from its legendary founder, Přemysl, husband of duchess Libuše. Přemysl and Libuše Nezamysl Mnata Vojen Vnislav Křesomysl Neklan Hostivít Dukes of Bohemia The first historical Přemyslid was Duke Bořivoj I, baptised in 874 by Saint Methodius. In 895, Bohemia gained independence from Great Moravia. Between 1003 and 1004, Bohemia was controlled by Boleslaus the Brave, Duke of Poland from the Piast dynasty, grandson of Boleslaus I the Cruel. In 1085, Duke Vratislaus II, and, in 1158, Duke Vladislaus II, were crowned King of Bohemia as a personal award from the Holy Roman Emperor. The title, however, was not hereditary. Bořivoj I (c.870–889) Spytihněv I (895–915) Vratislaus I (915–921) Saint Wenceslaus (Wenceslaus I, Duke of Bohemia) (921–935) Boleslaus I the Cruel (935–972) Boleslaus II the Pious (972–999) Boleslaus III the Red-haired (999–1002) Vladivoj (1002–1003) Boleslaus IV (1003–1004) Jaromír (1004–1012) Ulrich (1012–1033) Jaromír (1033–1034) Ulrich (1034) Bretislaus I (1035–1055) Spytihněv II (1055–1061) Vratislaus II (1061–1092), king (1085–1092) as Vratislav I. Conrad I of Brno (1092) Bretislaus II (1092–1100) Bořivoj II (1101–1107) Svatopluk (1107–1109) Vladislaus I (1109–1117) Bořivoj II (1117–1120) Vladislaus I (1120–1125) Sobeslaus I (1125–1140) Vladislaus II (1140–1172), king (1158–1172) as Vladislaus I Frederick (1172–1173) Sobeslaus II (1173–1178) Frederick (1178–1189) Conrad II Otto (1189–1191) Wenceslaus II (1191–1192) Ottokar I (1192–1193) Henry Bretislaus (1193–1197) Vladislaus Henry (1197) Ottokar I (1197–1198) Kings of Bohemia Bohemia was the only princedom in the Holy Roman Empire which was raised to the status of kingdom prior to the Napoleonic wars. The reason for this was strength: as soon as Bohemia overcame its civil strife, the Czech duke became the principal ally for any candidate for the Imperial throne. The emperor could thus use Bohemian forces to punish any rebels who were Czech neighbours simply by raiding their lands. This is evinced by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV naming Prince Vratislaus II of Bohemia the first king of Bohemia, Vratislav I, in 1085. He was raised to this prominent position not long after his father Bretislaus pacified Bohemia after years of civil conflict. The kingship was disputed whenever Czech internal conflict increased. It was fixed, however, after the position of the emperor in Germany weakened. In 1198, Duke Ottokar I again gained the title of King of Bohemia as an ally of Philip of Swabia. This title was reconfirmed by Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor and later on in Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor's Golden Bull of Sicily (1212). Ottokar I (czech Přemysl Otakar I.) (1198–1230) Wenceslaus I (czech Václav I.) (1230–1253) Ottokar II (czech Přemysl Otakar II.) (1253–1278) Wenceslaus II (czech Václav II.) (1278–1305) Wenceslaus III (czech Václav III.) (1305–1306) Kings of Bohemia, Poland and Hungary, rulers of Austria In 1269-1276, King Ottokar II of Bohemia was the first in history to rule the lands of today's Austria together (except for Tyrol). He also founded the Hofburg Palace in Vienna. In 1300, King Wenceslaus II was crowned King of Poland. Prior to this, he held the title "High Duke of Poland (Duke of Kraków)" since 1291 and became its overlord upon the death of Przemysł II of Poland in 1296. Wenceslaus II (1300–1305) Wenceslaus III (1305–1306), also King of Hungary (1301–1305) as Ladislaus V The royal line ended in 1306 with the death of King Wenceslaus III. The Bohemian throne went to the Luxembourgs, and the Polish throne returned to the Piasts. Dukes of Opava, Krnov, Ratibor and Münsterberg In 1269, Nicholas, bastard son of King Ottokar II who was legitimized by pope Alexander IV in 1260, became Duke of Opava. In 1337, his son Nicholas II inherited the Duchy of Ratibor. His four sons divided the Duchy of Opava (the Duchy of Ratibor was inherited only by the eldest, John). Thus started the partition of a once-unified land between the descendants of Nicholas II. In 1443, William, Duke of Opava gained the Duchy of Münsterberg, which was held by Přemyslids until 1456. This line of Opavian Přemyslids ended in 1521, with the death of Valentine, Duke of Ratibor. Family tree Family Tree of the Premyslid Dukes and Kings of Bohemia Bořivoj I. + Saint Ludmila Spytihněv I Vratislav I Saint Václav I Boleslav I the Cruel Boleslav II the Pious Boleslav III the Red-haired Jaromír the Eunuch Václav the Infantdead Oldřich Břetislav I Achilles (Duke of Bohemia and Moravia, earlier Duke of Moravia - Bretislian) Spytihněv II Vratislav II Břetislav II Judith of Bohemia, mother of Boleslaus III of Poland Bořivoj II Vladislav I Vladislav II Bedřich Ottokar I Wenceslas I Ottokar II the Golden and Iron Wenceslas
   
4. Title: Wikipedia: Bořivoj I, Duke of Bohemia
   Author: Hugh LeCaine Agnew (2004). The Czechs and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown. Hoover Press. p. 1832. ISBN 978-0-8179-4492-6.
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C5%99ivoj_I,_Duke_of_Bohemia;
   Note: Bořivoj I (Czech pronunciation: [ˈbor̝ɪvoj], Latin: Borzivogius, c. 852 – c. 889) was the first historically documented Duke of Bohemia and progenitor of the Přemyslid dynasty. His reign over the Duchy of Bohemia is believed to have started about the year 870, but in this era Bohemia was subordinated to Great Moravia. One of the most important clues to the approximate time of his accession is the contemporary Frankish chronicle Annales Fuldenses, which mentions several West Slavic princes in the year 872, among them one Goriwei, who may be identical with Bořivoj. Life According to the early 12th-century Chronica Boëmorum, Bořivoj was a son of the legendary Bohemian prince Hostivít, thus a descendant of Queen Libuše and her husband Přemysl the Ploughman. His ancestry has not been conclusively established by historians, however. In view of his dependence on Great Moravia, he might have been related by blood to the Mojmir dynasty. Bořivoj initially resided at Levý Hradec, a gord situated northwest of present-day Prague. As the head of the Přemyslids who dominated the Central Bohemian environs, Bořivoj declared himself kníže ("prince") - in Latin dux, which means a sovereign prince - around the year 867 AD. His title was later translated by German scholars as "duke" (Herzog) of the Bohemians (Czechs). Although the rulers of the German stem duchies emerging in the late 9th century held the same title, the meaning of his title was in fact completely different. In contrast to the German dukes who acted as the representatives of higher rulers (kings or emperors), the Czech dux denoted a sovereign ruler. Bořivoj was recognised as such around 872 by his overlord King Svatopluk I of Moravia, who dispatched Bishop Methodius of Thessalonica to begin the Christianization of Bohemia. In 872, Bořivoj supported Svatopluk militarily in his dispute with the East Frankish king Louis the German, and in south Bohemia, they defeated the Frankish troops. About 874, Bořivoj married Ludmila (later canonized as St. Ludmila of Bohemia). The couple had two known sons, Spytihněv and Vratislaus, both of whom succeeded him as dukes. Ludmila and Bořivoj were baptised by Methodius (probably in 883), and the latter became an enthusiastic evangelist, although the religion failed to take root among Bořivoj's subjects. In the years 883/884 Bořivoj was deposed by a revolt in support of his Přemyslid kinsman Strojmír. He was restored in 885 only with the support of his suzerain Svatopluk of Moravia. The duke or (more probably) his son Spytihněv moved his residence to the Hradčany mountain and laid the foundations for Prague Castle. When Bořivoj died about 889, his sons still minors, King Svatopluk concluded an agreement with the East Frankish ruler Arnulf of Carinthia and took over the rule of the Bohemian duchy himself. As with most of the early Bohemian rulers, Bořivoj is a shadowy figure; exact dates for his reign and vital statistics cannot be established. Nonetheless, several major fortifications and religious foundations are said to have dated from this time.
   
5. Title: Borivoj Premysl, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:66M4-H6JF : 16 December 2021), Borivoj Premysl, ; Burial, , ; citing record ID 232135089, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:66M4-H6JF;
   
6. Title: Legacy NFS Source: "Duke" Borijov I, ze Bohemia (Duke of Bohemia) - birth: 0842; Prague, Hlavní Město Praha, Czech Republic
   Author: 160010.GED, Not Given
   Note: birth: 0842; Prague, Hlavní Město Praha, Czech Republic Source Media Type: Other death: 0894; Tetín, Czech Republic Source Media Type: Other Source Media Type: Other
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2737222791
   
7. Title: rootsweb > Ancestry of John D Newport: Borijov I Of Bohemia Duke Of Bohemia
   Author: Sources: Title: Wikipedia Publication: Location: www.wikipedia.com; Note: Title: RCKarnes Repository: Name: RootsWeb's WorldConnect Note: Text: Date of Import: Sep 15, 2006
   Publication: Name: https://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=john_d_newport&id=I6690;
   Note: ID: I6690 Name: Borijov I Of Bohemia Duke Of Bohemia Sex: M Title: Duke Of Bohemia Birth: Praha ABT 852 in Prague, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic MAP: LATI: N50.0827 LONG: E14.4395 1 2 Religion: Christian 2 Occupation: Duke Of Bohemia Death: ABT 889 in Horovice, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic MAP: LATI: N49.8333 LONG: E13.9167 1 2 Name: Borijov Borziwas I Duke of Bohemia Name: Borijov I Of Bohemia 2 Name: Borivoj I of Bohemia 2 Birth: Praha ABT 842 in Prague, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic MAP: LATI: N50.0827 LONG: E14.4395 Death: BET 894 AND 910 in Tetin, Horovice, Czechoslovakia Note: [RCKarnes.ged] The head of the Premyslid Czechs who dominated the environs of Prague, Borivoj in c. 870 declared himself kne (later translated by German scholars as 'Duke') of the Czechs (Bohemians). Borivoj was recognised as such by his overlord Svatopluk of Great Moravia around 872 who dispatched Bishop Methodius to begin the conversion of the Czechs to Christianity. Borivoj and his wife Ludmilla were baptised by Methodius in 874 and the latter especially became an enthusiastic evangelist, although the religion failed to take root among Borivoj's subjects. Around 883 Borivoj was deposed by a revolt in support of his kinsman Strojmir, and restored only with the support of Svyatopluk of Moravia. As with most of the early Bohemian rulers, Borivoj is a shadowy figure and exact dates and facts for his reign can never be considered as completely reliable, although several major fortifications and religious foundations are said to have dated from this time. (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) ...x He was the first Christian Duke of Bohemia. Father: Hostivit Duke Of Bohemia b: ABT 820 in Prague, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic Mother: Miloslava Of Bohemia Duchess Of Bohemia b: ABT 824 in Prague, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic Marriage 1 Ludmila Ze Psova b: ABT 853 in Psov, Melnik, Czechoslovakia Children Has No Children Spytihnev I Of Bohemia Duke Of Bohemia Has Children Vratislav Uratslas I King Of Bohemia b: ABT 877 in Prague, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic
   
8. Title: Borivoj Premysl in the Global, Find a Grave Index for Burials at Sea and other Select Burial Locations, 1300s
   Author: "Borivoj Premysl in the Global, Find a Grave Index for Burials at Sea and other Select Burial Locations, 1300s." Ancestry https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/201610111:60541?indiv=try&h&_phsrc=wdW8&db. Accessed 23 Jul. 2022.
   Publication: Name: https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/201610111:60541?indiv=try&h&_phsrc=wdW8&db;
   Note: Find a Grave information on Borivoj Premyst, born 852, died 889, wife Ludmilla, 860-921, and child Duke Vratislav I 888-921
   Page: Wife and child information is the same
   
9. Title: Borivoj I von Bihmen in the Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-2015
   Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/collections/9289/records/6369722;
   Note: Name: Borivoj I von Bihmen Gender: m (Male) Birth Date: 0842 Death Date: 0894 Death Age: 52 Father: Hostivit von Bihmen Mother: Miloslava Spouse: Lidmila Ze Psova Children: Vratislav I von Bihmen URL: https://www.genealogieonline.n..
   
10. Title: Wikipedia - List of Bohemian Monarchs
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Bohemian_monarchs;
    
11. Title: Legacy NFS Source: "Duke" Borijov I, ze Bohemia (Duke of Bohemia) - birth: about 0842; Praha, Praha, Czechoslovakia
    Author: Ancestral File.LDS Church. Family History Library.
    Note: birth: about 0842; Praha, Praha, Czechoslovakia death: about 0894; Tetin, Horovice, Czechoslovakia
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2198868384
    
12. Title: Legacy NFS Source: "Duke" Borijov I, ze Bohemia (Duke of Bohemia) -
    Author: Ancestral File (R), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998, Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2035880316
    
13. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Borijov l Bohemia -
    Author: Ancestral File (R), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Copyright (c) 1987, June 1998, data as of 5 January 1998, Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 USA
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2041640822