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Heinrich von Bayern II


Preferred Parents:
Father: Heinrich von Bayern II, b. 920 in Sachsen, Ostfränkisches Reich   d. 1 NOV 955 in Saxony, Germany
Mother: Judith of Bavaria, b. 925 in Baiern, Lappersdorf, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany   d. 28 JUN 987 in Baiern, Lappersdorf, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany

Family 1: mistress of Heinrich II II,      
Family 2: Gisela de Burgundy,    b. ABT 957 in Arles, Bouches-du-Rhone, Provence, Kingdom of France    d. 21 JUL 1007 in Burgundy, Kingdom of France
Family 3: Judith von Wetterau,    b. ABT 925 in Öhningen, Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg, Germany    d. 16 OCT 973 in Vermandois, Normandy, France
  1. Bruno von Brunswick I, b. 930 in Saxony, Germany     d. 972 in Braunschweig, Niedersachsen, Germany
Sources:
  1. Title: Henry II, Duke of Bavaria (951-995), Wikipedia
    Author: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II,_Duke_of_Bavaria
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_II,_Duke_of_Bavaria;
    Note: Henry II (951 – 28 August 995), called the Wrangler or the Quarrelsome (German: Heinrich der Zänker), a member of the German royal Ottonian dynasty, was Duke of Bavaria from 955 to 976 and again from 985 to 995, as well as Duke of Carinthia from 989 to 995. He was the son of Duke Henry I of Bavaria, younger brother of King Otto I of Germany (Emperor from 962), and his wife Judith. Henry succeeded his father at the age of four, under the guardianship of his mother. In 972 Henry married Princess Gisela of Burgundy, herself a niece of Empress Adelaide.
  2. Title: Heinrich II von Bayern (951-995), "Find A Grave Index"
    Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV28-L274 : 11 January 2023), The Quarrelsome, ; Burial, Bad Gandersheim, Landkreis Northeim, Lower Saxony Niedersachsen, Germany, Stiftskirche Gandersheim; citing record ID 66911823, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV28-L274;
    Note: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/66911823/heinrich_ii-von_bayern Heinrich II “The Quarrelsome” von Bayern BIRTH 951 DEATH 28 Aug 995 (aged 43–44) BURIAL Stiftskirche Gandersheim Bad Gandersheim, Landkreis Northeim, Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany MEMORIAL ID 66911823 He married Gisela of Burgundy in 972 who bore him three children. son of Heinrich I of Bavaria and his wife Judith.
  3. Title: Heinrich of Bavaria (951-995), Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
    Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/BAVARIA.htm#HeinrichIIBavariadied995A;
    Note: HEINRICH of Bavaria, son of HEINRICH Duke of Bavaria & his wife Judith of Bavaria [Luitpoldinger] (951-Gandersheim 28 Aug 995, bur Gandersheim Stiftskirche[234]). "Heinricus Bawariorum dux…filius Henrici ducis, fratris primi Ottonis" is named in the Annalista Saxo, when recording his capture in 975[235]. He succeeded his father in 955 as HEINRICH II "der Zänker" Duke of Bavaria. Regino records the death of "Heinricus frater regis" in 955 and that the king gave "cuius filius Heinrico…ducatum et marcam"[236]. He rebelled against his cousin Emperor Otto II in 974 and attempted to seize the throne, but was captured and imprisoned at Ingelheim. He escaped, after which Emperor Otto confiscated Bavaria from him in [976], awarding it to his cousin Otto Duke of Swabia[237]. Ex-Duke Heinrich fled to Bohemia, taking refuge with Duke Boleslav who had supported his rebellion[238]. He returned to Bavaria, rebelled again with Heinrich Bishop of Augsburg and Heinrich Duke of Carinthia [Luitpoldinger]. The rebels drove Bishop Pilgrim from Passau, where they were besieged by Emperor Otto's forces and captured[239]. Duke Heinrich II was put on trial at Magdeburg in 978, and placed in the custody of Folkmar Bishop of Utrecht[240]. He was released in [early 984] after the accession of Otto III King of Germany, but conspired against him in an attempt to have himself elected king[241]. Although he won support in Bavaria, he was opposed by Konrad I Duke of Swabia and conceded at Rohr 29 Jun 984[242]. He was restored as Duke of Bavaria as part of the terms of the settlement in [early 985][243]. Duke of Carinthia 989. The necrology of Fulda records the death in 995 of "Heiricus dux"[244]. The Notæ Sancti Emmerammi records the death in 995 of "dux Hainricus pater Hainrici imperatoris"[245]. Thietmar records the death of Duke Heinrich on 28 Aug at Gandersheim, and his burial there[246]. The necrology of Lüneburg records the death "28 Aug" of "Heinricus dux"[247]. m (before 972) GISELA of Upper Burgundy, daughter of CONRAD I "le Pacifique" King of Upper Burgundy [Welf] & his first wife Adela --- ([955/60]-21 Jul 1007, bur Regensburg). Herimannus names "Gisela, Counradi regis Burgundiæ filia" wife of "Heinricus dux Baioariæ" and mother of Emperor Heinrich II[248]. Her birth date range is estimated from her having given birth to her eldest son in [976], which also suggests that she must have been King Conrad's daughter by his first marriage. Many contemporary sources confuse Gisela with her niece of the same name, daughter of her half-sister Gerberga & the latter's second husband. For example, the Chronicle of St Bénigne de Dijon names "sororem regis [Rodulfi Burgundie] Gislam" as wife of "Chonradum" and mother of "tertium Henricum"[249]. It is not known why this report is repeated so frequently in other chronicles, for simple chronology demonstrates that it cannot be correct. She was exiled to Merseburg after the trial of her husband in 978[250]. According to the Preface of Vitæ Heinrici et Cunegundis Imperatores, "Gisila imperatrix, mater sancti Heinrici imperatoris obit VII Kal Martii"[251]. Thietmar records the death of "our king's…mother…Gisela" on 21 Jul and her burial at Regensburg, dated to 1007 from the context[252]. The necrology of Merseburg records the death "21 Jul" of "domna Gisela mater Heinrici imperatoris"[253]. The necrology of Magdeburg records the death "21 Jul" of "Gisla filia Chuonradi regis"[254]. Mistress (1): ---. The name of Duke Heinrich's mistress is not known. Duke Heinrich & his wife had four children: 1. HEINRICH (6 May [973]-Pfalz Grona 3 Jul 1024, bur Bamberg cathedral). He is named as son of Duke Heinrich in the Annalista Saxo, when recording his coronation as king of Germany[255]. The necrology of Merseburg records "6 May" as "natalis dies heinrici imperatoris"[256]. He succeeded his father in 995 as HEINRICH IV Duke of Bavaria. He was elected as HEINRICH II "der Heilige" King of Germany at Mainz 7 Jun 1002, crowned at Aachen 8 Sep 1002. He challenged the succession in Italy of Arduino Marchese di Ivrea, who had been crowned as king of Italy at Pavia 15 Feb 1002, and entered Trento in Spring 1004 to claim the throne himself. Heinrich was crowned king of Italy at Pavia 14 Apr 1004. He resigned the duchy of Bavaria, appointing his brother-in-law Henri Comte de Luxembourg as duke in 1004, although he retook the title from 1009-1017. King Heinrich II invaded Flanders in 1007 to recapture the march of Valenciennes and also captured Gent. Count Baudouin subsequently arranged an alliance with the emperor who, in 1012, helped him install a new Bishop of Cambrai, enfeoffed him with the islands of Zeeland and, in 1015, with Valenciennes. He left Italy after destroying the town of Pavia in reprisal for a revolt which broke out there. He returned to Italy in Autumn 1013, Arduino took refuge in one of his castles without fighting, and Heinrich was crowned Emperor at Rome 14 Feb 1014. The emperor invaded Flanders again in 1020, supported by Robert King of France[257]. The necrology of Prüm records the death "III Id Iul" of "Heinricus dux Baioarie imperator"[258]. Canonised 1046. m (early Summer 1000) KUNIGUNDE de Luxembourg, daughter of SIEGFRIED Graf [Luxembourg] & his wife Hedwig --- (-Bamberg 3 Mar 1033, bur Bamberg cathedral). The Annalista Saxo names "domnam Cunigundam, felicis memorie virginem" as wife of Heinrich, specifying that she was sister of "Teoderici Metensi episcope et Heinrich postmodum ducis Bawarici"[259]. Rodulfus Glaber refers to the wife of Emperor Heinrich II as "filiam Siefredi Saxonum ducis"[260]. There is little indication of the date of Kunigunde's marriage apart from Thietmar's references to her which show that they were already married when her husband was elected king[261]. She founded Kaufungen convent in 1017. The Annales Herbipolenses minores record the death in 1038 (maybe a transcription error for 1033 rather than a date error) of "sancta Kunegundis imperatoris" and her burial at Bamberg[262]. The necrology of Regensburg St Emmeram records the death "V Non Mar" of "Chunigunt imperatrix"[263]. Canonised 29 Mar 1200. Heinrich had [one possible illegitimate child by an unknown mistress]: a) [AISHA (-after 1 Oct 1027). "Gullielmus comes filius Guidi quondam etiam comitis et Aicha…comitissa jugales, filia quondam D. Henrici Regis" donated property to "monasterio…Grassani" by charter dated 1 Oct 1027 "in castro Focario"[264]. The only "Henrici Regis" who was "quondam" in 1027 was Emperor Heinrich II, King of Germany and King of Italy. No other record has been found of him having any children, either legitimate or illegitimate. In addition, if he was Guglielmo´s father-in-law it is unclear why he would not have been called "Henrici imperatoris" in the document, as he had been crowned emperor in 1014, unless the reference was to his kingship of Italy. Unless this information is corroborated by other sources which might emerge, it is suggested that it should be treated with considerable caution. m GUGLIELMO Conte [di Focario], son of GUIDO Conte di Focario & his wife --- (-after 1 Oct 1027).] 2. BRUNO (-Regensburg 24 May 1029, bur Augsburg St Moritz). Wipo names "episcopus Bruno, frater Heinrici imperatories"[265]. Imperial Chancellor 1005-1006. Canon at Hildesheim cathedral. The Notæ Sepulcrales Babenbergenses record the installation of "Bruno episcopus Augustensis, frater sancti Heinrici imperator in die septem fratrem"[266]. Bishop of Augsburg 1006. He founded St Moritz at Augsburg. Wipo, in his description of the election of Konrad II King of Germany in 1024, says that Bruno's "[good] character …[was] obscured by the hate with which he opposed his brother" Emperor Heinrich[267]. 3. GISELA ([985]-Passau 7 May 1065, bur Passau Kloster Niedernburg). Herimannus names "Gisela, huius soror [=Heinricus imperator]" as wife of "Stephano regi Ungariorum"[268]. The Annalista Saxo states that "mater ipsius [Stephanus Ungariorum rex] Gisla" was sister of "Heinrici inperatoris Babenbergensis", when recording her husband's death[269], but clearly the text misstates "mater" for "uxor". This marriage was agreed by Gisela's brother Duke Heinrich IV and István's father to confirm the Hungarian/Bavarian alliance[270]. According to the legends of St Stephen, she founded Veszprém Cathedral and the convent of Veszprémvölgy[271]. The Gesta Hungarorum records that "Kysla regina" sent "comitem Sebus" to blind Vazul, whom her husband wished to appoint as his successor after the death of their son Imre, and have moulten lead poured into his ears[272]. Bak suggests that Queen Gisela was blamed because of anti-German feeling in the Hungarian court[273]. According to another Hungarian chronicle, Queen Gisela took council from "an evil man named Buda" concerning her husband's plan to name his nephew Vazúl as his heir and sent Buda's son Egiruth to do the deed[274]. After her husband died, she was robbed of her possessions by her husband's successor and left Hungary, becoming Abbess of Niedernburg. m (996) ISTVÁN of Hungary, son of GÉZA Prince of Hungary & his first wife Sarolta of Transylvania (Esztergom [969/75]-Buda 15 Aug 1038, bur Székesfehérvár). He succeeded his father in 997 as Prince of Hungary. He was crowned ISTVÁN I King of Hungary in 1000. 4. BRIGIDA . The primary source which confirms her parentage has not so far been identified. Nun at St Paul's, Regensburg. Abbess of Andlau. Duke Heinrich II had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1): 5. ARNULF (-17 Nov [1018/19]). Thietmar names Arnulf, brother of Emperor Heinrich II, when recording his installation as Archbishop of Ravenna in 1014[275]. Thietmar records that the health of "Arnulf the king's brother…was seriously damaged by his own people who gave him a drink laced with poison"[276].
  4. Title: Wikiwand: Henry II, Duke of Bavaria
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Henry_II,_Duke_of_Bavaria;
    Note: Henry II (951 – 28 August 995), called the Wrangler or the Quarrelsome (German: Heinrich der Zänker), a member of the German royal Ottonian dynasty, was Duke of Bavaria from 955 to 976 and again from 985 to 995, as well as Duke of Carinthia from 989 to 995. Life He was the son of Duke Henry I of Bavaria, younger brother of King Otto I of Germany (Emperor from 962), and his wife Judith. Henry succeeded his father at the age of four, under the guardianship of his mother. His sister Hadwig was married to Duke Burchard III of Swabia in 954. In 972 Henry married Princess Gisela of Burgundy, herself a niece of Empress Adelaide. Upon Emperor Otto's death in 973, Henry could rely on his ties to the South German duchies of Swabia and Bavaria as well as to the adjacent Kingdom of Burgundy. He installed his cousin Henry as Bishop of Augsburg, denying the investiture rights of Emperor Otto's son and successor Otto II. When his brother-in-law Duke Burchard III died without heirs, he raised claims to his Swabian duchy. However, Otto II enfeoffed his nephew Otto of Swabia; against the tenacious opposition of Burchard's widow Hadwig. In 974 Duke Henry resolved to oust Otto II from the throne. With support of his sister Hadwig, he forged alliances with Bavarian and Saxon nobles, and also with Duke Boleslaus II of Bohemia and Duke Mieszko I of Poland. Otto II was able to take Henry captive in Ingelheim - though he also had to deal with rebellious nobles in the County of Hainaut and the Bishopric of Cambrai as well as with the raids of the Danish king Harald Bluetooth in Holstein. In 976 Henry managed to escape and instigated a revolt in Bavaria, but was defeated when Otto II occupied Regensburg and stripped Henry of his duchy. He severed the Duchy of Carinthia and the Margraviate of Austria from the Bavarian lands and enfeoffed them to his supporters Henry the Younger (who changed sides shortly afterwards) and Leopold of Babenberg. The smaller Bavarian duchy was ceded to Henry's rival Duke Otto of Swabia. Following the War of the Three Henries in 977/78, the deposed duke was placed under the custody of Bishop Folcmar of Utrecht. When in 983 Otto II suddenly died from malaria in Rome, Henry was released from captivity. He once again tried to usurp the German throne, when he abducted the infant Otto III and, according to the medieval chronicler Thietmar of Merseburg, had himself proclaimed King of the Romans at the graves of Emperor Otto I and King Henry the Fowler in Magdeburg and Quedlinburg. However, it turned out that he had lost the support of the German dukes and also was not able to oust Duke Henry the Younger from Bavaria. Through the agency of Archbishop Willigis of Mainz, Henry in 985 finally submitted to Empress Theophanu and her mother-in-law Adelaide at an Hoftag assembly in Rohr. Although he failed in his attempt to gain control of Germany, he did regain Bavaria and in 989 also received the Carinthian duchy. Marriage and children Henry and his wife Gisela of Burgundy had the following children: Henry IV of Bavaria (973/78–1024), succeeded his father as Duke of Bavaria in 995, fulfilled his father's ambitions when he was elected King of the Romans (as Henry II) in 1002 and crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 1014 Bruno (d. 1029), Bishop of Augsburg from 1006 Gisela of Bavaria (984/85–1060), married King Stephen I of Hungary.
  5. Title: Wikiwand: Order of Saint Benedict
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Order_of_Saint_Benedict;
    Note: The Order of Saint Benedict (OSB; Latin: Ordo Sancti Benedicti), also known as the Black Monks – in reference to the colour of its members' habits – is a Catholic religious order of independent monastic communities that observe the Rule of Saint Benedict. Each community (monastery, priory or abbey) within the order maintains its own autonomy, while the order itself represents their mutual interests. The terms "Order of Saint Benedict" and "Benedictine Order" are, however, also used to refer to all Benedictine communities collectively, sometimes giving the incorrect impression that there exists a generalate or motherhouse with jurisdiction over them. Internationally, the order is governed by the Benedictine Confederation, a body, established in 1883 by Pope Leo XIII's Brief Summum semper, whose head is known as the Abbot Primate. Individuals whose communities are members of the order generally add the initials "OSB" after their names. Historical development The monastery at Subiaco in Italy, established by Saint Benedict of Nursia c. 529, was the first of the dozen monasteries he founded. He later founded the Abbey of Monte Cassino. There is no evidence, however, that he intended to found an order and the Rule of Saint Benedict presupposes the autonomy of each community. When Monte Cassino was sacked by the Lombards about the year 580, the monks fled to Rome, and it seems probable that this constituted an important factor in the diffusion of a knowledge of Benedictine monasticism. It was from the monastery of St. Andrew in Rome that Augustine, the prior, and his forty companions set forth in 595 on their mission for the evangelization of England. At various stopping places during the journey, the monks left behind them traditions concerning their rule and form of life, and probably also some copies of the Rule. Lérins Abbey, for instance, founded by Honoratus in 375, probably received its first knowledge of the Benedictine Rule from the visit of St. Augustine and his companions in 596. Gregory of Tours says that at Ainay Abbey, in the sixth century, the monks "followed the rules of Basil, Cassian, Caesarius, and other fathers, taking and using whatever seemed proper to the conditions of time and place", and doubtless the same liberty was taken with the Benedictine Rule when it reached them. In Gaul and Switzerland, it supplemented the much stricter Irish or Celtic Rule introduced by Columbanus and others. In many monasteries it eventually entirely displaced the earlier codes. By the ninth century, however, the Benedictine had become the standard form of monastic life throughout the whole of Western Europe, excepting Scotland, Wales, and Ireland, where the Celtic observance still prevailed for another century or two. Largely through the work of Benedict of Aniane, it became the rule of choice for monasteries throughout the Carolingian empire. Monastic scriptoria flourished from the ninth through the twelfth centuries. Sacred Scripture was always at the heart of every monastic scriptorium. As a general rule those of the monks who possessed skill as writers made this their chief, if not their sole active work. An anonymous writer of the ninth or tenth century speaks of six hours a day as the usual task of a scribe, which would absorb almost all the time available for active work in the day of a medieval monk. In the Middle Ages monasteries were often founded by the nobility. Cluny Abbey was founded by William I, Duke of Aquitaine in 910. The abbey was noted for its strict adherence to the Rule of St. Benedict. The abbot of Cluny was the superior of all the daughter houses, through appointed priors. One of the earliest reforms of Benedictine practice was that initiated in 980 by Romuald, who founded the Camaldolese community. The dominance of the Benedictine monastic way of life began to decline towards the end of the twelfth century, which saw the rise of the Franciscans and Dominicans. Benedictines took a fourth vow of "stability," which professed loyalty to a particular foundation. Not being bound by location, the mendicants were better able to respond to an increasingly "urban" environment. This decline was further exacerbated by the practice of appointing a commendatory abbot, a lay person, appointed by a noble to oversee and to protect the goods of the monastery. Oftentimes, however, this resulted in the appropriation of the assets of monasteries at the expense of the community which they were intended to support. England The English Benedictine Congregation is the oldest of the nineteen Benedictine congregations. Augustine of Canterbury and his monks established the first English Benedictine monastery at Canterbury soon after their arrival in 597. Other foundations quickly followed. Through the influence of Wilfrid, Benedict Biscop, and Dunstan, the Benedictine Rule spread with extraordinary rapidity, and in the North it was adopted in most of the monasteries that had been founded by the Celtic missionaries from Iona. Many of the episcopal sees of England were founded and governed by the Benedictines, and no fewer than nine of the old cathedrals were served by the black monks of the priories attached to them. Monasteries served as hospitals and places of refuge for the weak and homeless. The monks studied the healing properties of plants and minerals to alleviate the sufferings of the sick. Germany was evangelized by English Benedictines. Willibrord and Boniface preached there in the seventh and eighth centuries and founded several abbeys. In the English Reformation, all monasteries were dissolved and their lands confiscated by the Crown, forcing their Catholic members to flee into exile on the Continent. During the 19th century they were able to return to England, including to Selby Abbey in Yorkshire, one of the few great monastic churches to survive the Dissolution. St. Mildred's Priory, on the Isle of Thanet, Kent, was built in 1027 on the site of an abbey founded in 670 by the daughter of the first Christian King of Kent. Currently the priory is home to a community of Benedictine nuns. Five of the most notable English abbeys are the Basilica of St Gregory the Great at Downside, commonly known as Downside Abbey, The Abbey of St Edmund, King and Martyr commonly known as Douai Abbey in Upper Woolhampton, Reading, Berkshire, Ealing Abbey in Ealing, West London, and Worth Abbey. Prinknash Abbey, used by Henry VIII as a hunting lodge, was officially returned to the Benedictines four hundred years later, in 1928. During the next few years, so-called Prinknash Park was used as a home until it was returned to the order. St. Lawrence's Abbey in Ampleforth, Yorkshire was founded in 1802. In 1955, Ampleforth set up a daughter house, a priory at St. Louis, Missouri which became independent in 1973 and became Saint Louis Abbey in its own right in 1989. As of 2015, the English Congregation consists of three abbeys of nuns and ten abbeys of monks. Members of the congregation are found in England, Wales, the United States of America, Peru and Zimbabwe. Since the Oxford Movement, there has also been a modest flourishing of Benedictine monasticism in the Anglican Church and Protestant Churches. Anglican Benedictine Abbots are invited guests of the Benedictine Abbot Primate in Rome at Abbatial gatherings at Sant'Anselmo. There are an estimated 2,400 celibate Anglican Religious (1,080 men and 1,320 women) in the Anglican Communion as a whole, some of whom have adopted the Rule of St. Benedict. Monastic Libraries in England The forty-eighth rule of Saint Benedict prescribes extensive and habitual "holy reading" for the brethren. Three primary types of reading were done by the monks during this time. Monks would read privately during their personal time, as well as publicly during services and at meal times. In addition to these three mentioned in the Rule, monks would also read in the infirmary. However, Benedictine monks were disallowed worldly possessions, thus necessitating the preservation and collection of sacred texts in monastic libraries for communal use. For the sake of convenience, the books in the monastery were housed in a few different places, namely the sacristy, which contained books for the choir and other liturgical books, the rectory, which housed books for public reading such as sermons and lives of the saints, and the library, which contained the largest collection of books and was typically in the cloister. The first record of a monastic library in England is in Canterbury. To assist with Augustine of Canterbury's English mission, Pope Gregory the Great gave him nine books which included the Gregorian Bible in two volumes, the Psalter of Augustine, two copies of the Gospels, two martyrologies, an Exposition of the Gospels and Epistles, and a Psalter. Theodore of Tarsus brought Greek books to Canterbury more than seventy years later, when he founded a school for the study of Greek. France Monasteries were among the institutions of the Catholic Church swept away during the French Revolution. Monasteries were again allowed to form in the 19th century under the Bourbon Restoration. Later that century, under the Third French Republic, laws were enacted preventing religious teaching. The original intent was to allow secular schools. Thus in 1880 and 1882, Benedictine teaching monks were effectively exiled; this was not completed until 1901. Germany Saint Blaise Abbey in the Black Forest of Baden-Württemberg is believed to have been founded around the latter part of the tenth century. Other houses either reformed by, or founded as priories of, St Blasien were: Muri Abbey (1082), Ochsenhausen Abbey (1093), Göttweig Abbey (1094), Stein am Rhein Abbey (before 1123) and Prüm Abbey (1132). It also had significant influence on the abbeys of Alpirsbach (1099), Ettenheimmünster (1124) and Sulzburg (ca 1125), and the priories of Weitenau (ca 1100), Bürgeln (before 1130) and Sitzenkirch...
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