Bernard de Septimania, Marquis et Duc de Septimanie - Comte de Barcelone I

• Preferred Name: Bernard de Septimania, Marquis et Duc de Septimanie - Comte de Barcelone I^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}
  
• Alternate Name: Bernard de Septimanie
  
• Gender: M
  
• Death: 14 FEB 844 in Toulouse, Kingdom of Aquitaine at LATI: N3.604 LONG: E0.443
  
• Occupation: Chamberlain of Louis le Pieux
  
• MilitaryService: Captured during the Battle of Toulouse and beheaded on the order of Charles the bald844
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Comte de BarceloneBET 826 AND 832
  
• Birth: in Autun, Saône-et-Loire, Duché de Bourgogne, Carolingian Empire at LATI: N6.9498 LONG: E0.2994
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Comte d'Autun (v.826-832), duc puis marquis de Septimanie (828-832, 835-844), comte de Barcelone (827-832, 836-844) et comte de Toulouse (835-844)
  
• Occupation: Praefectus of Louis le Pieux
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Count of CarcassonneBET 837 AND 844 with note: Date
  
• FSID: LYS8-XSN
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  https://gw.geneanet.org/jlebaylechazare?lang=fr&pz=maximilien&nz=vanderperre&p=bernard+1er&n=de+septimanie&oc=2
  
  BIO
  BIO: Count of Autun, Marquis of Septimania, 826. The famous chamberlain of Louis "the Pious;" executed 844, a monk.
  
  ** from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/FRANKISH%20NOBILITY.htm#Bernarddiedafter8
  
  William 750-814, son of Theoderic and Aldana
  
  https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/FRANKISH%20NOBILITY.htm#Guillaumedied812815
  
  GUILLAUME (L19Q-3DY), son of THEODERIC [I] (LH18-RC4) Comte d'Autun & his wife Aldana (LHKK-QWT) --- ([750/55]-Gellone
  
  Bernard 841-886 son of Bernard and Doda
  Chapter 4. DUKES of AQUITAINE 909-927 (FAMILY of BERNARD "Plantevelue")
  
  BERNARD "Plantevelue", son of BERNARD Marquis of Septimania & his wife Doda --- (Uzès 22 Mar 841-[20 Jun 885/16 Aug 886
  
  Bernard I son of William by Cunigundis wiki taken 11 July 2022
  https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_de_Septimanie
  
  Bernard de Septimanie (born in 795 1 or 804 2 - died between January and June 844 3 in Toulouse ), Count of Autun (v.826-832), Duke then Marquis of
  
  === https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_of_Septimania ===
  Lewis, Archibald R. The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050. University of Texas Press: Austin, 1965.Thomassy, R. "Critique des deux chartes de foundation de l'abbaye de Saint-Guillem-du-Désert," Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chartes, Series 1, Volume II (Paris, 1840–1844).
  
  https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_de_Septimanie
  http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/FRANKISH%20NOBILITY.htm#Bernarddiedafter844B
  
  === Executed by Charles the Bald ===
  For Infidelity
  
  === https://fabpedigree.com/s016/f242158.htm ===
  https://fabpedigree.com/s016/f242158.htm
  
  === https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Autun-29 ===
  https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Autun-29
  
  === https://fabpedigree.com/s042/f560584.htm ===
  https://fabpedigree.com/s042/f560584.htm

1. Sancie allas Regelinde de Septimanie, b. ABT 842 in Toulouse, Haute-Pyrenees, Midi-Pyrénées, France     d. 3 MAY 884 in Toulouse, Haute-Pyrenees, Midi-Pyrénées, France
2. Bernard de Septimanie d'Auvergne, b. 22 APR 841 in Uzès, Nîmes, Gard, Languedoc-Roussillon, France     d. 18 JUL 886 in Autun, Duché de Bourgogne, Carolingian Empire
3. Guillaume de Septimanie Comte de Agen, b. 3 DEC 826 in Autun, Saône-et-Loire, Duché de Bourgogne, Carolingian Empire     d. 850 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

1. Title: Wikipedia (French) Bernat of Septimània duc of Septimània
   Publication: Name: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_de_Septimanie;
   
2. Title: Wikipedia - Bernard of Septemania
   Note: Bernard (or Bernat) of Septimania (795–844), son of William of Gellone, was the Frankish Duke of Septimania and Count of Barcelona from 826 to 832 and again from 835 to his execution. He was also count of Carcassonne from 837. He was appointed to succeed his fellow Frank Rampon. During his career, he was one of the closest counsellors of the Emperor Louis the Pious, a leading proponent of the war against the Moors, and opponent of the interests of the local Visigothic nobility. Titles Bernard was indisputably a count (comes) of Barcelona and several other counties over the course of his long career. He also appears in the chronicles with the title duke (dux), though the extent to which this was a military designation is obscure.[1] He is sometimes retrospectively referred to by historians as a margrave (marchio)...... Count of Barcelona Bernard is first attested in historical records as one of four sons in a document of his father's dating to 14 December 804 dealing with the foundation of the monastery of Gellone.[7] Bernard must have inherited land in the area around Toulouse from which he expanded his power to become count around 826. He first attracted the attention of higher-ups by quelling the local revolt of a nobleman named Aisso, who was perhaps a Visigothic lieutenant of the deposed Bera, Count of Barcelona.[8] The garrisons of the castles in the area, who had been favorable to Bera, joined Aisso in a revolt against the new count. Only the castle of Roda de Ter, in the county of Ausona, resisted and was subsequently destroyed by Aisso. From his newly occupied territory, Aisso attacked the county of Cerdanya and the region of the Vallès. The young count Bernard requested and received some help from the Emperor, as well as that of some local hispani (probably Gothic noblemen). To counter these reinforcements, Aisso sent his brother to request help from Abd ar-Rahman II, Emir of Córdoba, the only potential ally powerful enough to threaten the Franks. Abd ar-Rahman sent the general Ubayd Allah Abu Marwan to Zaragoza in May 827, from whence he invaded the territory of Barcelona, reaching the city itself in the summer. He besieged it and ransacked its environs, but failed to take it. When the Emperor learned of these raids, he ordered his second son, Pepin, then King of Aquitaine, and the counts Hugh of Tours and Matfrid of Orléans to recruit an army against the Muslims, but recruitment was slow. By the time the army arrived, Abu Marwan had already returned to Muslim territory, taking Aisso and his followers with him (late 827). This reprieve, seen as a victory, greatly increased Bernard's prestige. Though the ravaged county of Ausona, a dependency of Barcelona, remained depopulated into the mid-ninth century, its ruin was attributed to the late arrival of Hugh and Matfrid. Both counts were dispossessed of their counties at the Assembly of Aachen in 828. At that assembly, Orléans was granted to Odo and Bernard's brother Gaucelm received the fiefs of Conflent and Razes. As Leibulf of Provence had died in the spring, his vast dominions—Narbonne, Béziers, Agde, Melgueil, Nîmes, and probably Uzès—were assigned to Bernard. From this wide collection of honores in Septimania, Bernard took the title "Duke of Septimania". In another assembly, at Ingelheim in June, a reprisal raid into Cordoban territory was considered, but although an army was gathered in Thionville, it did not enter the lands controlled by Bernard as the risk of Muslim raiding seemed to have declined. Court career In August 829 the Emperor sent his son Lothair to Pavia to wear the Iron Crown. Louis summoned Bernard to replace his son at court, with granting him the title of camerarius or Chamberlain and the custody of the young Charles, then just Duke of Alsace, Alemannia, and Rhaetia, but later destined to be king of West Francia. Bernard delegated the government of his counties to his brother Gaucelm, who thereupon took the title marchio or margrave. After only a few months at court, Bernard had made many enemies. Indeed, he was the prime catalyst for the revolt of Lothair the following year.[9] Thegan of Trier, in his Gesta Hludowici, recorded that he was accused of having an illicit relationship with Empress, Judith of Bavaria, but considered these rumours to be lies. Nevertheless, these rumours provoked a riot in the army gathered at Rennes to fight the Bretons in April 830. His life under threat, as the three elder children of Louis supported the opposition against him, Bernard abandoned the court and, according to the Annales Bertiniani, returned to Barcelona. His brother, Eribert, who had remained at court, was banished. Bernard was deprived of the county of Autun which he had sometime before been granted. At an assembly in Nijmegen in October 830, the Emperor recovered his authority after a brief civil war with his sons. Subsequently, in another assembly, at Aachen in February 831, he proceeded to divide the Empire, giving Gothia to Charles, although the division would not be effective until his death. Bernard attempted to regain favour with Judith and Charles, but they avoided renewing relations with him after his fall from grace. At the Assembly of Thionville, in October 831, Bernard spoke personally with the Emperor, but could not regain his previous position at court. In response Bernard reversed his previous loyalties and side with the Emperor's enemies. Civil war of 831–832 In November 831 Pepin of Aquitaine revolted against his father. While Berengar the Wise, Count of Toulouse, advised him against such a course of action, Bernard encouraged it. In early 832 Louis the Pious began the campaign against his rebellious son. Berengar, loyal to the Emperor, invaded Bernard's honores and took Roussillon (with Vallespir) and probably also Razes and Conflent. By 2 February, Berengar was already in Elna. Ultimately, the successive victories of the imperial forces compelled Pepin and Bernard to appear before the Emperor in October 832. Pepin was dispossessed of his kingdom and sent as prisoner to Trier, having ceded all his territories to his half-brother Charles. Bernard was accused of infidelity and dismissed from all his offices and dispossessed of all his honores in Septimania and Gothia, which were given to Berengar. His brother Gaucelm was probably also dispossessed, but for a time he remained in possession of the County of Empúries, ignoring his dismissal. Civil war of 833–834 In 833 however, Lothair revolted. Pepin, with Bernard and Gaucelm, remained loyal to Louis this time. After defeating Lothair's forces, and returning the emperor to power on 1 March 834, Bernard requested the return of his honores, citing the loss of men he had sustained for the emperor's cause. However, Berengar was still in legal possession. The Emperor hesitated over his decision, but in June 835 he summoned Bernard and Berengar to an Assembly in Cremieux, near Lyon, where he would deliver a verdict. Berengar died unexpectedly on the way and, freed of obstacles, the Emperor gave Septimania and its counties and the Toulouse to Bernard. The only territories not returned were Empúries and Roussillon, which had already been granted to Sunyer I and Alaric respectively, and Urgell and Cerdanya, which had been detached from Toulouse by the usurper Aznar I Galíndez. Sunifred, brother of Oliba I of Carcassonne, was assigned to expel him. Bernard returned to his domain, where the Goth population that had supported Bera and then Berengar, still opposed him. Ten complaints were presented against him at the Assembly of Quierzy-sur-Oise in September 838. From 841, he was often absent participating in the struggles of the Empire, and the counties were administered by their respective viscounts. Reign of Charles the Bald Bernard avoided participating in the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye (25 June 841), where Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeated their brother Lothair, who retreated to the south with his army. Bernard remained outside the battle awaiting its result, upon which he sent his son William to offer homage to Charles the Bald and to promise him that his father would obtain the submission of Pepin II, the rebellious son of Pepin, who was claiming to rule Aquitaine. It seems that Bernard had no intention of keeping this last promise. During Charles the Bald's campaign in Aquitaine (842), he decided to punish Bernard, dispossessing him of the county of Toulouse in favor of Acfred (July). Bernard, however, refused to accept the decision and revolted, openly allying himself to Pepin II and expelling Acfred from Toulouse (843). Charles responded by sending the dux Guerin of Provence, who in 842 directed the campaign in Aquitaine, against Septimania. Various other events—renewed Viking invasions and Breton raids—compelled an end to the internal civil struggles afflicting the Empire and, in August 843, the Treaty of Verdun was signed between the three brothers: Charles, Louis, and Lothair. Septimania and Gothia were left in the hands of Charles the Bald. The county of Uzès, where Bernard still possessed estates, was assigned to Lothair. Furthermore, the county of Autun, which had long been lost to Bernard, and to which his son had renewed a claim, was given to Guerin. In 844 Charles the Bald returned to Aquitaine with the objective of forcing Pepin II to submit and conquering Toulouse. During the Battle of Toulouse of 844, Bernard of Septimania was captured, either by the royal forces during the assault on Toulouse or, according to French historian Pierre Andoque, the year before by Guerin in Uzès. Andoque maintains that in 844 he was merely brought before Charles during his campaign through Aquitaine. One way or the other, in May 844 Bernard was presented to Charles, who ordered his execution. The following month, Pepin II and Bernard's son William dealt a severe blow to Charles in the Angoumois on 14 June. Bernard's hono
   
3. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
   Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/FRANKISH%20NOBILITY.htm#BernardAuvergneMLiegardis;
   Note: BERNARD (-[before 864]). Comte d'Auvergne. "Bernardus comes et uxor mea Lieugardis" donated property "in pago Arvernico in vice Mussiacensi in villa…Morennum" to Saint-Julien de Brioude by charter dated May [852] or [902] ("anno nono regnante Karolo rege Francorum"), signed by "Gaufredi"[944]. "Petrus" donated property "in pago Arvernico in comitatu Brivatensi in vicaria Nonatensi..." to Saint-Julien de Brioude for the souls of "Bernardi...comitis necnon...Bernardi comitis eiusque conjugis Inmengardis...comitissa, horumque prolis" by charter dated Jan "anno secundo regnante rege Francorum Carolo"[945]. m LIEGARDIS, daughter of ---. "Bernardus comes et uxor mea Lieugardis" donated property "in pago Arvernico in vice Mussiacensi in villa…Morennum" to Saint-Julien de Brioude by charter dated May [852] or [902] ("anno nono regnante Karolo rege Francorum"), signed by "Gaufredi"[946]. Bernard & his wife had [one child]: a) [ERMENGARDE (-after 21 Jul 883). Ermengarde is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln as the daughter of Bernard and his wife Liegardis[947]. The primary source on which this information is based has not yet been identified. It is possible that it results from the charter dated Jan "anno secundo regnante rege Francorum Carolo" under which "Petrus" donated property "in pago Arvernico in comitatu Brivatensi in vicaria Nonatensi..." to Saint-Julien de Brioude for the souls of "Bernardi...comitis necnon...Bernardi comitis eiusque conjugis Inmengardis...comitissa, horumque prolis"[948]. The document does not specify any family relationship between the first-named Comte Bernard and the second or his wife Ermengarde. If such a family relationship existed, one of the possibilities is that Ermengarde was the daughter of the first Bernard. "Bernardus comes et uxor eius Ermengardis" donated property "ecclesiam…in villa…Viciaco…et in villa Lubiriaco…et in villa…Dignaciaco…in…patria Arvernica in vicaria Randanensi" to Saint-Julien de Brioude by charter dated 10 Mar [867][949]. "Bernardus comes et uxor mea Hermengardis" donated property to Conques abbey by charter dated 21 Jul 883[950]. "Princeps et marchio Willelmus" donated property to the church of Holy Trinity "pro…animæ patris mei Bernardi et matris meæ Ermengardis…" by charter dated Nov 916[951]. m BERNARD "Plantevelue", son of BERNARD Marquis of Septimania & his wife Doda --- (Uzès 22 Mar 841-[20 Jun 885/16 Aug 886], maybe 6 Jan 886). Comte d'Autun 864-869. Comte d'Auvergne after 872.]
   
4. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
   Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/FRANKISH%20NOBILITY.htm#Bernarddiedafter844B;
   Note: BERNARD, son of GUILLAUME Comte de Toulouse, Marquis de Septimanie & his first wife Cunigundis --- ([795]-executed Toulouse Saint-Sernin [Jan/Jun] 844). The Vita S. Willelmi names “Bernardo…et Gaucelino” as sons of Guillaume[472]. "Willelmus…comes" names "filiabus meis et filiis Barnardo, Witchario, Gotcelmo, Helimbruch" (version two: "filios meos et filias Witcario, Hildehelmo et Helinbruch") in his charter dated 14 Dec 804 (version two: dated 15 Dec 804) for the foundation of the monastery of Gellone, Bernard being named in only one of the versions[473]. Flodoard refers to "Bernardo comiti Tolosano, propinquo suo [Teodulfo comite]"[474]. Thegan's Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that "quondam duce Bernhardo, qui erat de stirpe regali" was accused of violating "Iudith reginam" but comments that this was all lies[475]. Comte d'Autun until 830. Marquis de Septimanie until 831. He was installed as Count of Barcelona in 827 or before: Einhard's Annales name "Bernhardus…Barcinonæ comes" in 827[476]. It is not certain whether this means that the "March of Spain" was at that time part of the marquisate of Septimania. It is possible that Bernard was appointed to Barcelona after the disgrace of Bero in 820, but no primary source has been identified which confirms that this is correct. Einhard's Annales name "Bernhardus…Barcinonæ comes" in 827[477]. The Annales Fuldenses record that "Barnhardus comes Barcinonensis" was made camerarius in the palace in 829[478]. Emperor Louis I appointed "Bernard Duke of Septimania" as his chamberlain and entrusted his son Charles to him, but he "recklessly abused the imperial power…and undermined it entirely". He was banished to Septimania in [Apr 830] by the emperor's sons who rebelled against their father[479]. The Annales Bertiniani record that "præfatus Bernardus" fled to Barcelona in 830[480]. The Vita Hludowici Imperatoris records that "Bernhardus" fled into exile in Spain and was deprived of his honours [in 831][481]. The same source records that "Werinus et Bernhardus comites" gathered a force in Burgundy and reached "Matronam fluvium" [in 834][482]. The Annales Bertiniani record that "Bernardus comes marcæ Hispanicæ" was sentenced to death in 844[483]. The Annales Xantenses record that "Bernhardus comes" was killed "a Karolo" in 844, after which "filio Bernhardi" and "Pippinus rex Aquitainiæ, filius Pippini" defeated the king's army[484]. The Annales Fuldenses record that "Karolus" killed "Bernhardum Barcenonensium ducem" in 844 "incautem et nihil ab eo suspicantem"[485]. m (Aix-la-Chapelle 24 Jun 824) DHUODA [Doda], daughter of --- (-after 2 Feb 843). The Manual of Dhuoda records the marriage "anno XI domino nostro Ludoico VIII Kal Iul" at "Aquisgrani palatio" of Doda and Bernard[486]. The Manual was written in 843 and consists of her instructions to her son. Bernard & his wife had [three] children: 1. GUILLAUME (29 Nov 826-killed in battle Barcelona 850). The Manual of Dhuoda records the birth "in XIII anno regni eius III Kal Dec" of "fili primogenite [Willelme]" of Doda and Bernard[487]. [Comte de [Bordeaux?]. Duke of Gascony [845/46]. 2. BERNARD "Plantevelue" (Uzès 22 Mar 841-[20 Jun 885/Aug 886]). 3. [--- ([843/44]-).m VULGRIN [I] Comte d'Angoulême, son of VULFARD [d'Angoulême] & his wife Susanna de Paris (-3 May 886, bur Angoulême Saint-Cybard).]