Cenwulf Coenwulf King of Mercia

• Preferred Name: Cenwulf Coenwulf King of Mercia^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15]}
  
• Alternate Name: Cenulf ( King of Mercia)
  
• Gender: M
  
• FSID: 97YV-KSC
  
• Birth: ABT 750
  
• National Identification: with note: Description: IND10932
  
• Burial: 821 in St Mary's Abbey, Winchcombe, Gloucestershire, England at LATI: N1.9664 LONG: E1.942 with note: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenwulf_of_Mercia#Family_and_succession
  
• NOT+THE+SAME+AS+CEOLWULF: with note: Description: Coenwulf and Ceolwulf were BROTHERS. Coenwulf was King of Mercia 796 to 821 and Ceolwulf was King of Mercia 821 to 823. Coenwulf died in 821 Ceolwulf died in 823 They had the same father BUT WERE NOT THE SAME PERSON https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenwulf_of_Mercia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceolwulf_I_of_Mercia https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLAND,%20AngloSaxon%20&%20Danish%20Kings.htm#_ftnref657
  
• Death: 821 in Basingwerk Abby, Holywell, Flintshire, Wales at LATI: N3.2708 LONG: E3.2273 with note: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenwulf_of_Mercia#Family_and_succession
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: King of MerciaBET 796 AND 821 with note: Data Standardization.
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Coenwulf (also spelled Cenwulf, Kenulf, or Kenwulph) was King of Mercia from December 796 until his death in 821. He was the son of Cuthberht and a descendant of King Pybba, who ruled Mercia in the early 7th century. He succeeded Ecgfrith, the son of Offa. Coenwulf ruled Mercia for 25 years and after his death in 821 was succeeded by his brother Ceolwulf. In addition to Ceolwulf, Coenwulf also had a brother Cuthred, who he installed as King of Kent about 798, and who ruled until 807.
  
  Coenwulf married at least twice. His 1st known wife was Cynegyth, who was his wife in 799 (as identified by charter S 156) Cynegyth is believed to be the mother of Coenwulf oldest 3 children:
  - Cwenthryth
  - Burgenilda
  - Cynehelm
  Cynegyth died before 804, and Coenwulf married Ælfthryth, who is identified as his wife and queen in charter S 159. Ælfthryth was the mother of:
  - Eadberht
  Some sources also identify Coenwulf and Ælfthryth as the parents of:
  - Eadburh, married Æthelred Mucel, and was the mother of Ealhswith the wife of Alfred the Great.
  
  After a successful 25 year reign, Coenwulf died in 821 and was succeeded by his brother Ceolwulf.
  
  Coenwulf (Old English: [ˈkøːnwuɫf]; also spelled Cenwulf, Kenulf, or Kenwulph; Latin: Coenulfus) was the King of Mercia from December 796 until his death in 821.He was a descendant of King Pybba, who ruled Mercia in the early 7th century. He succeeded Ecgfrith, the son of Offa; Ecgfrith only reigned for five months, and Coenwulf ascended the throne in the same year that Offa died. In the early years of Coenwulf's reign he had to deal with a revolt in Kent, which had been under Offa's control. Eadberht Præn returned from exile in Francia to claim the Kentish throne, and Coenwulf was forced to wait for papal support before he could intervene. When Pope Leo III agreed to anathematise Eadberht, Coenwulf invaded and retook the kingdom; Eadberht was taken prisoner, was blinded, and had his hands cut off. Coenwulf also appears to have lost control of the kingdom of East Anglia during the early part of his reign, as an independent coinage appears under King Eadwald. Coenwulf's coinage reappears in 805, indicating that the kingdom was again under Mercian control. Several campaigns of Coenwulf's against the Welsh are recorded, but only one conflict with Northumbria, in 801, though it is likely that Coenwulf continued to support the opponents of the Northumbrian king Eardwulf.
  
  Coenwulf came into conflict with Archbishop Wulfred of Canterbury over the issue of whether laypeople could control religious houses such as monasteries. The breakdown in the relationship between the two eventually reached the point where the archbishop was unable to exercise his duties for at least four years. A partial resolution was reached in 822 with Coenwulf's successor, King Ceolwulf, but it was not until about 826 that a final settlement was reached between Wulfred and Coenwulf's daughter, Cwoenthryth, who had been the main beneficiary of Coenwulf's grants of religious property.
  
  Coenwulf was succeeded by his brother, Ceolwulf; a post-Conquest legend claims that his son Cynehelm was murdered to gain the succession. Within two years Ceolwulf had been deposed, and the kingship passed permanently out of Coenwulf's family. Coenwulf was the last king of Mercia to exercise substantial dominance over other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. Within a decade of his death, the rise of Wessex had begun under King Egbert, and Mercia never recovered its former position of power.
  
  === !GENERAL:Pedigree Resource File CD 9, Pe ===
  !GENERAL:Pedigree Resource File CD 9, Pedigree Resource File CD 9, (Salt Lake City, UT: Intellectual Reserve, Inc., 2000)
  
  === #Générale# Roi de Mercie de 796 à 821. ===
  #Générale# Roi de Mercie de 796 à 821.
  
  === Profession : Roi de Mercie de 796 à 821. ===
  Profession : Roi de Mercie de 796 à 821.

• m. BEF 799 in Mercia, England

• m. ABT 804

1. Eaburga of Mercia, b. 830 in Lincolnshire, England     d. AFT 895 in Wantage, Wessex

1. Title: Ceonwulf, King of Mercia - The Peerage.com
   Author: https://thepeerage.com/p10646.htm#i106459
   Publication: Name: https://thepeerage.com/p10646.htm#i106459;
   Note: Ceonwulf, King of Mercia1,2 M, #106459, d. 821 Last Edited=27 Nov 2005 Ceonwulf, King of Mercia was the son of Cuthbeorht (?)3 He married Ælfthryth (?)1 He died in 821.4 He succeeded as the King Ceonwulf of Mercia in December 796.1 Children of Ceonwulf, King of Mercia and Ælfthryth (?) Saint Ceonhelm (?)2 d. 821 Cwenðryð (?)2 Burgenhild (?)2 Citations [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 9. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families. [S215] Unknown article title, Journal of the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, Chobham, Surrey, U.K., volume 1, issue 6, page 407. Hereinafter cited as Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. [S38] John Morby, Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook (Oxford, Oxfordshire, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 64. Hereinafter cited as Dynasties of the World. [S38] John Morby, Dynasties of the World, page 65. Ælfthryth (?)1 F, #106460 Last Edited=27 Nov 2005 Ælfthryth (?) married Ceonwulf, King of Mercia, son of Cuthbeorht (?).2 Children of Ælfthryth (?) and Ceonwulf, King of Mercia Saint Ceonhelm (?)3 d. 821 Cwenðryð (?)3 Burgenhild (?)3 Citations [S58] E. B. Fryde, D. E. Greenway, S. Porter and I. Roy, editors, Handbook of British Chronology, 3rd edition (London, U.K.: Royal Historical Society, 1986), page 17. Hereinafter cited as Handbook of British Chronology. [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 9. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families. [S215] Unknown article title, Journal of the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, Chobham, Surrey, U.K., volume 1, issue 6, page 407. Hereinafter cited as Foundation for Medieval Genealogy.
   Page: Identifies Ceonwulf as the son of Cuthbeorht Succeeded as King Ceonwulf of Mercia in December 796. Married Ælfthryth Father of 3 children: Saint Ceonhelm d. 821, Cwenðryð, and Burgenhild Ceonwulf died in 821.
   
2. Title: Cuthbeorht - The Peerage.com
   Author: A genealogical survey of the peerage of Britain as well as the royal families of Europe https://thepeerage.com/p15028.htm#i150273
   Publication: Name: https://thepeerage.com/p15028.htm#i150273;
   Note: Cuthbeorht (?)1 M, #150273 Last Edited=2 Aug 2005 Cuthbeorht (?) is the son of Bassa (?)2 Children of Cuthbeorht (?) Ceonwulf, King of Mercia+3 d. 821 Cuthræd, King of Kent+3 d. 807 Ceolwulf I, King of Mercia+2 d. a 823 Citations [S215] Unknown article title, Journal of the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, Chobham, Surrey, U.K., volume 1, issue 6, page 407. Hereinafter cited as Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. [S38] John Morby, Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook (Oxford, Oxfordshire, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 65. Hereinafter cited as Dynasties of the World. [S38] John Morby, Dynasties of the World, page 64.
   Page: Identifies Ceonwulf, King of Mercia as one of 3 sons of Cuthbeorht His younger brothers being: Cuthræd, King of Kent (d. 807) and Ceolwulf I, King of Mercia (d. a 823) Ceonwulf died in 821
   
3. Title: Cœnwulf of Mercia in record of "Eadberht III Præn" From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eadberht_III_Pr%C3%A6n;
   Note: Eadberht III Præn was the King of Kent from 796 to 798. His brief reign was the result of a rebellion against the hegemony of Mercia, and it marked the last time that Kent existed as an independent kingdom. Offa of Mercia seems to have ruled Kent directly from 785 until 796,[1] when the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that Offa died and Eadberht, "who was by another name Præn", took possession of Kent.[2] Eadberht had apparently previously been in exile on the continent under the protection of Charlemagne, and his rebellion has been seen as serving Frankish interests.[3] The pro-Mercian Archbishop of Canterbury, Æthelhard, fled during the rebellion. Cœnwulf of Mercia was engaged in correspondence with Pope Leo III at this time concerning the situation of the Church in England, and in the course of this Leo accepted a Mercian reconquest of Kent and excommunicated Eadberht, on the grounds that he was a former priest.[3] Having received papal approval, Cœnwulf reconquered Kent. He placed his brother in charge and captured Eadberht in 798. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Cœnwulf "ravaged over Kent and captured Eadberht Præn, their king, and led him bound into Mercia." A later addition to the Chronicle says that Eadberht was blinded and had his hands cut off,[4] but Roger of Wendover states that he was set free by Coenwulf at some point as an act of clemency. See also List of monarchs of Kent References Frank Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England (1943, 1971, 1998 Oxford paperback), pages 207–208. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, manuscript A, year 794 (796). Translation by Michael Swanton, 1996. D. P. Kirby, The Earliest English Kings (1991, 2000), pages 147–149. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, manuscript E, year 796 (798). Translation by Michael Swanton, 1996. External links Eadberht 18 at Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
   Page: Identifies Cœnwulf of Mercia as ruler of Mercia who ousted Eadberht Præn from his kingship pf Kent with papal endorsement.
   
4. Title: Coenwulf in record of "Eadburh Wife of Æthelred Mucil" - The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England
   Publication: Name: https://fasg.org/projects/henryproject/data/eadbu000.htm;
   Note: The Henry Project: The Ancestors of King Henry II of England FEMALE Eadburh Wife of Æthelred Mucil. The source for Eadburh is Asser's Life of King Alfred, which states that Ælfred's wife (name not given) was a daughter of Æthelred Mucil by his wife Eadburh, of royal Mercian descent ["... Ælfred rex, ..., uxorem de Mercia, nobilem scilicet genere, filiam Æthelredi, Gainorum comitis, qui cognominabatur Mucill, subarravit et duxit. Cuius feminae mater Eadburh nominabatur, de regali genere Merciorum regis; ..." Asser, c. 29 (pp. 24-5)]. See the page of Æthelred Mucil. Date of birth: Unknown. Place of birth: Unknown. Date of death: Unknown. Place of death: Unknown. Father: Unknown. While Asser states that she was of royal Mercian origin (see above), there is no information about her exact line of descent from that dynasty. See the Commentary section. Mother: Unknown. Spouse: Æthelred Mucil, ealdorman of the Gaini. Children: See the page of Æthelred Mucil for details. MALE Æthelwulf, d. 902, ealdorman. [see below] FEMALE Ealhswith, d. 5 December 902×3; m. 868, Ælfred "the Great", d. 26 October 899, king of Wessex. Commentary Possible ancestor or relative: Coenwulf, d. 821, king of Mercia, 796-821. Coenwulf succeeded after the short reign of Ecgfrith, son of Offa, who died in 796 after a reign of 141 days [John Worc., s.a. 794=796 (1: 63)]. He was succeeded in 821 by his brother Ceolwulf, perhaps after a short reign by his son Coenhelm ["Her Cenwulf Miercna cyning forþferde, & Ceolwulf feng to rice." ASC(A,E) s.a. 819=821; John Worc., s.a. 819=821 (1: 65)' Searle (1899), 294-5]. Although Asser states that Eadburh was of royal Mercian descent, as noted above, he does not specify to which king she was related. In his article about Æthelstan "Half King" and his family, Cyril Hart stated in a note that Eadburh's son Æthelwulf was a descendant of king Coenwulf [Hart (1973), 116]. There is a charter in Dugdale's Monasticon which lists many donations to Worcester Monastery, one of them a donation in 889 by ealdorman Æthelwulf, propinquus of king Coenwulf, of the villages of Upton and Wenlond, from an inheritance of the same Coenwulf ["Eodem anno [889] dux Athulfus, regis Kenulfi propinquus, vicos qui Uptun et Wenlond appellantur, consentientibus Ætheredo et Ægelfleda Merciorum dominis, de hæreditate ejusdem regis Kenulfi, sub testimonio regis Ælfredi, Werefritho pontificante, Wigornensi ecclesiæ dedit." Monast. Angl. 1: 609 (Worcester Mon. #41)]. Bibliography ASC = Charles Plummer, Two of the Saxon Chronicles parallel, based on the earlier edition by John Earle, 2 vols. (Oxford, 1892-9). ASC(A) indicates the "A" manuscript of the chronicle, and similarly for the other manuscripts. Asser = William Henry Stevenson, ed., Asser's Life of King Alfred (new impression, Oxford, 1959). Hart (1973) = Cyril Hart, "Athelstan 'Half King' and his family", Anglo-Saxon England 2 (1973): 115-144. Monast. Angl. = William Dugdale, ed., Monasticon Anglicanum, 6 vols. (new ed. by John Caley, Henry Ellis, & Bulkeley Bandniel, London, 1817-30). Searle (1899) = William George Searle, Anglo-Saxon Bishops, Kings and Nobles (Cambridge, 1899). Compiled by Stewart Baldwin
   Page: Identifies Coenwulf as King of Mercia 796-821; Was the brother of Ceolwulf, and father of Coenhelm. Identified as possibly (likely) the father of Eadburh, wife of Æthelred Mucil. Charters by Æthelwulf, Eadburh's son, identify Coenwulf as a close relative, who left Æthelwulf a land inheritance. Cyril Hart, historian of Anglo-Saxon England, interprets this to mean Coenwulf was Æthelwulf's grandfather. Succeeded Ecgfrith, son of Offa, in 796. Died in 821 and was succeeded by Ceolwulf
   
5. Title: The Mammoth book of British kings & queens by Ashley, Michael
   Publication: Name: https://archive.org/details/mammothbookofbri00ashl/page/259/mode/1up;
   Note: Page 259-261 K14 Egfrith ruled Mercia July-December 796 (141 days) Egfrith was succeeded by a distant relative Cenwulf K15 CENWULF or COENWULF as king of Mercia 796 to 821 and King of Kent 807 to 821 Possibly related from Royal Family of Hwicce, claimed descent from Cenwalh, younger brother of Penda and Eowa; Came into power after the natural death of Egfrith son of Offa in 796. Because the kingdom of Hwicce disappeared as an independent entity at the same time that Cenwulf came into power it has been theorized that Cenwulf either succeeded or usurped Hwicce. Northumbrian Abbot Alcuin, who was an advisor of Charlemagne, admonished Cenwulf for disposing of his 1st wife in favor of another. Received papal acceptance of Pope Leo III to invade Kent. Deposed Eadbert of Kent and installed his brother Cuthred as King. Asserted authority over East Anglia. Peace treaty with Beorhtric of Wessex in 799. Multiple campaigns against the Welsh. Became king of Kent after the death of his brother in 807. Died in 821 while planning another attack on Wales. Was buried at Winchcombe Abbey in Gloucestershire where his daughter was Cwenthryth was abbess. His son Cynhelm was heir to the throne but died in 812. K16 CEOLWULF Cenwulf was succeeded by his brother Ceolwulf in late 821, his coronation was 17 September 822. A few months later [in 823] he was deposed by Beornwulf, a rival claimant. Ceolwulf was old when he came to the throne, probably in his early 50s and may have been seen as a weak king, after years in his brother's shadow. Much discord during his reign. K17 BEORNWULF ruled 823-6; Key player in dethronement of Ceolwulf, succeeded him in the Summer of 823.
   Page: Identifies CENWULF aka COENWULF as king of Mercia 796 to 821 and King of Kent 807 to 821; succeeded his distant relative Egfrith in 796. Claimed descent from Cenwalh, younger brother of Penda and Eowa, may have been related to the Royal family of Hwicce. Died in 821 while planning attack on Wales. Buried at Winchcombe Abbey in Gloucestershire. Father of Cwenthryth, abbess at Winchcombe Abbey, and Cynhelm, son who died in 812. Succeeded by his brother Ceolwulf; also had a brother Cuthred, King of Kent who died in 807.
   
6. Title: Peerage, The
   Author: Darryl Lundy, The Peerage, a genealogical survey of teh Peerage of Britian as well as the royal families of Europe(http://thepeerage.com : accessed 2 Sep 2019), Cuthbeorht;
   Note: Cuthbeorht (?) is the son of Bassa (?).2Children of Cuthbeorht (?) Ceonwulf, King of Mercia+3 d. 821 Cuthrd, King of Kent+3 d. 807 Ceolwulf I, King of Mercia+2 d. a 823Citations [S215] Unknown article title, Journal of the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, Chobham, Surrey, U.K., volume 1, issue 6, page 407. Hereinafter cited as Foundation for Medieval Genealogy. [S38] John Morby, Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook (Oxford, Oxfordshire, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 65. Hereinafter cited as Dynasties of the World. [S38] John Morby, Dynasties of the World, page 64.
   
7. Title: Coenwulf in record of "Ecgfrith of Mercia" From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecgfrith_of_Mercia;
   Note: Ecgfrith was king of Mercia from 29 July to December 796. He was the son of Offa, one of the most powerful kings of Mercia, and Cynethryth, his wife.[1] In 787, Ecgfrith was consecrated king, the first known consecration of an English king, probably arranged by Offa in imitation of the consecration of Charlemagne's sons by the pope in 781.[1][2] Around 789, Offa seems to have intended that Ecgfrith marry the Frankish king Charlemagne's daughter Bertha, but Charlemagne was outraged by the request and the proposal never went forward.[3] According to the Croyland Chronicle "he (Ecgfrith) was seized with a malady, and departed this life." His reign lasted 141 days.[4] Ecgfrith was succeeded by a distant relative, Coenwulf, presumably because Offa had arranged the murder of nearer relatives in order to eliminate dynastic rivals. According to a contemporary letter from Alcuin of York, an English deacon and scholar who spent over a decade at Charlemagne's court as one of his chief advisors:[5] That most noble young man has not died for his sins, but the vengeance for the blood shed by the father has reached the son. For you know how much blood his father shed to secure the kingdom upon his son.[1] Alcuin added: "This was not a strengthening of the kingdom, but its ruin."[6] See also Kings of Mercia family tree References Ann Williams (1991). "Ecgfrith king of Mercia". In Ann Williams; Alfred P. Smyth; D. P. Kirby (eds.). A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain. Seaby. ISBN 1 85264 047-2. Kelly, S. E. (2007). "Offa (d. 796), king of the Mercians". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/52312. Retrieved 22 July 2012. (subscription or UK public library membership required) Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England, p. 220. Swanton, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, p. 50. Lapidge, "Alcuin of York", in Lapidge et al., "Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England", p. 24. Letter of Alcuin to Mercian ealdorman Osbert, tr. in Whitelock, English Historical Documents, p. 787 External links Ecgfrith 7 at Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
   Page: Identifies Coenwulf as the successor of Ecgfrith who was king of Mercia from 29 July to December 796, and also Ecgfrith's distant relative
   
8. Title: Avalon Project - The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle : Ninth Century
   Publication: Name: https://avalon.law.yale.edu/medieval/ang09.asp;
   Note: A.D. 819. This year died Cenwulf, King of Mercia; and Ceolwulf (33) succeeded him. Alderman Eadbert also departed this life.
   Page: Identifies Cenwulf as King of Mercia; who died in 819 and was succeeded by Ceolwulf.
   
9. Title: The Blackwell encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England
   Publication: Name: https://archive.org/details/blackwellencyclo0000unse_d6l8/page/111/mode/1up;
   Note: Coenwulf King of the Mercians from December 796 - 821 Page 111 COENWULF, king of the Mercians (796-821), and one of the last, though by no means the least, of the succession of Mercian ‘overlords’ (cf. *Penda, *Wulfhere, *AEthelbald, and *Offa). Following the death of King Offa on 29 July 796, and the death of his son Ecgfrith in mid-December of the same year, Coenwulf, son of Cuthberht, became king of the Mercians. The structures of power were always vulnerable when power itself changed hands; and just as a certain Eadberht Pren seems immediately to have established himself as king of *Kent, so too did a certain Eadwald begin to strike coins as king of the East Angles. Coenwulf, with Archbishop /Ethelheard, raised the possibility with Pope Leo III that primacy among the Southumbrian bishoprics might be transferred from ‘*Canterbury to *London; but the pope would have none of it (EHD i, no. 205), at which point (it seems) Coenwulf invaded Kent, seized Eadberht Praen, ‘and Page 112 brought him in fetters into Mercia’ (ASC, s.a. 798). Coenwulf promptly installed his brother Cuthred as king of Kent, placing other members of his family, such as Eanberht (S 159), in useful positions; it was perhaps under these circum- stances that he was able to implement the abolition of the archbishopric of *Lichfield in 803 (EHD i, nos. 209-10). Cuthred died in 807, whereupon Coenwulf assumed direct control of Kent. His interests soon began to clash and collide with those of *Wulfred, archbishop of Canterbury (805-32). Decisions made in Coenwulf’s presence at the Council of Chelsea, in 816, constituted a direct challenge to the king’s powers, especially with regard to *Minster-in-Thanet and *Reculver, but the dispute was still unresolved at the time of Coenwulf’s death (S_ 1436). On his northern border Coenwulf had suffered the indignity in 801 of being invaded by Eardwulf, king of the Northumbrians; but peace was soon re-established between them. Within his own kingdom, Coen- wulf took what may have been a special interest in the church which Offa had founded at *Winch- combe (Glos.), suggesting that he may have been of Hwiccian as opposed to Mercian origin; the foundation charter is not authentic in its received form (S 167), but privileges obtained by Coenwulf from Pope Leo III and Pope Paschal I (BCS 337, 363) may have a genuine basis. It would also appear that King Coenwulf granted control of *Glaston- bury abbey to a certain Cynehelm in the late 790s, obtaining another papal privilege from Pope Leo III (*William of Malmesbury, De Ant. Glast., cc. 49-51). If so, Coenwulf’s intervention would reflect the extension of ‘Mercian’ interests across the Somerset Avon into a part of the kingdom of *Wessex. A book said to contain ‘certain Charters of Coenwulf King of the Mercians’, known to have existed in the early eighteenth century but now lost, conceivably pertained to the king’s patronage of a religious house in *Lindsey; while the fact that Coenwulf sooner or later resumed ‘Mercian’ control of the kingdom of *East Anglia is demon- strated by numismatic evidence. A leaden *seal of King Coenwulf came to light in Italy in the mid nineteenth century, and is now in the British Museum. Coenwulf died in 821, apparently at Basingwerk (Flintshire) and so perhaps in the course of an intervention in north Wales; he was buried at Winchcombe. According to legend, his son Cynehelm (St *Kenelm) was chosen as king, but was then murdered on the orders of his jealous sister, Cwoenthryth. A series of attestations in the name of Cynehelm, styled princeps or dux, occurs in Mercian charters between 800 and 811; and on this basis it has been suggested that the aetheling Cynehelm predeceased his father and that the legend is fictitious. It seems more likely, however, that the *ealdorman was a different person of the same name (conceivably the person put in control of Glastonbury); and there is no necessary objec- tion, therefore, to the presumption that the atheling Cynehelm survived his father, and then fell victim to internal dynastic rivalry. In the event, Coenwulf was succeeded by his brother Ceolwulf. Coenwulf’s daughter Cwoenthryth was abbess of Minster-in-Thanet, in Kent, and was also in dispute with Archbishop Wulfred; interestingly, it emerges that ancient charters pertaining to her properties were kept at Winchcombe (S 1434, 1436). In the late ninth century, the Mercian Eald- orman /Ethelwulf (d. 901) perused the ‘hereditary charters’ of King Coenwulf which pertained to the inheritance belonging to Winchcombe (S 1442), as if he might have had a special interest in them; in which case the same could be said of his sister Ealhswith, wife of King *Alfred the Great. The supremacy of the Mercian kings: disinte- grated in the 820s, during the reigns of Ceolwulf I (821-3), Beornwulf (823-5), Ludeca (825-7), and Wiglaf (827-40). In the view of someone present at a council convened at *Clofesho in 825, ‘after the death of Coenwulf, king of the Mercians, many quarrels and innumerable disputes had arisen between important men of all kinds — kings, bishops, and ministers of God’s churches — con- cerning a multitude of secular affairs’ (S 1435). In 825 Beornwulf was defeated by *Ecgberht, king of the West Saxons, at the battle of Ellendun (Wroughton, Wilts.), and thereby lost control of the south-eastern provinces; in a separate though not unrelated process, the Mercians lost control of the kingdom of East Anglia in 826-7. There are also various signs during the 820s of dissension within Mercia itself. Finally, in 829 Ecgberht ‘con- quered the kingdom of the Mercians, and everything south of the Humber; and he was the eighth king who was *Bretwalda’ (ASC). Archaeologia 32 (1847), 449-50 [leaden seal]; Stenton, ASE, pp. 225-30; W. Levison, England and the Continent in the Eighth Century (Oxford, 1946), pp. 249-59 [Winchcombe]; P. Wormald, “The Ninth Century’, The Anglo-Saxons, ed. J. Campbell (Oxford, 1982), pp. 132-59; Brooks, Canterbury, pp. 120-5; S. Bassett, ‘A Probable Mercian Royal Mausoleum at Winchcombe, Gloucestershire’, Ant? 65 (1985), 82-100; P. Sims- Williams, Religion and Literature in Western England 600-800, CSASE 3 (Cambridge, 1990), 165-8 [Winch- combe]; Yorke, Kingdoms, pp. 117-24; Kirby, Kings, pp. 185-9; S. Keynes, ‘The Control of Kent in the Ninth Page 113 Century’, EME 2 (1993), 111-31, at 113-18; Three Elev- enth-Century Anglo-Latin Saints’ Lives, ed. R. C. Love (OMT, 1996), pp. Ixxxix—cxxxix and 49-89 [St Kenelm of Winchcombe].
   Page: Identifies Coenwulf as King of the Mercians from December 796 - 821 Identifies him as the brother of Cuthred, king of Kent till 807, and Ceolwulf who became King of Mercia in 821. Identifies Coenwulf as the father of Cynehelm and Cwoenthryth Identifies Coenwulf died in 821
   
10. Title: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Part 2: A.D. 750 - 919 Online Medieval and Classical Library Release #17
    Publication: Name: http://mcllibrary.org/Anglo/part2.html;
    Note: A.D. 796. This year died Archbishop Eanbald, on the fourth day before the ides of August; and his body is deposited at York. The same year also died Bishop Ceolwulf; and another Eanbald was consecrated to the see of the former, on the nineteenth day before the calends of September. About the same time Cynewulf, King of Mercia, made inroads upon the inhabitants of Kent as far as the marsh... A.D. 819. This year died Cenwulf, King of Mercia; and Ceolwulf (33) succeeded him. Alderman Eadbert also departed this life.
    Page: Identifies Cynewulf/Cenwulf as king of Mercia in 796 Identifies his death in 819 and successioned by his brother Ceolwulf
    
11. Title: Cuthred of Kent From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuthred_of_Kent;
    Note: Cuthred (Old English: Cuþræd) was the King of Kent from 798 to 807. After the revolt of Kent under Eadberht III Præn was defeated in 798 by Coenwulf, Cuthred was established as a client king. During Cuthred's reign, the Archbishopric of Lichfield was formally abolished at the Council of Clovesho on 12 October 803, and the Archbishopric of Canterbury thus regained the status of which Offa of Mercia had sought to deprive it. Cuthred's reign also saw the first raids of Kent by the Vikings. After his death in 807, Cœnwulf seems to have acted as King of Kent. Cuthred died in 807, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. He issued coins and charters. His surviving charters are both dated 805,[1] one precisely to 26 July 805, in the eighth year of his reign, so his accession fell between 27 July 797 and 26 July 798. In two charters[2] issued by Cœnwulf, King of Mercia, he is described as brother of that king. Contents 1 Family 2 See also 3 References 4 External links Family Cuthred has been identified as one of three known sons of Cuthberht of Mercia, his brothers were Coenwulf (King of Mercia 796-821) and Ceolwulf (King of Mercia 821-823) Cuthred has been identified as the father of Coenwald,[3] [4]and may also be the father of Cyneberht. See also List of monarchs of Kent References See here and here See here and here Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, CUTHRED King of Kent, https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLAND,%20AngloSaxon%20&%20Danish%20Kings.htm#CuthredMerciadied807 Chrter S 39, Electronic Sawyer, Coenwald witnessed a charter of Cuthred, king of Kent, signing as "the son of the king", https://esawyer.lib.cam.ac.uk/charter/39.html# External links Cuthred 11 at Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
    Page: Identifies Coenwulf, Ceolwulf, and Cuthred as brothers, all sons of Cuthberht of Mercia. Identifies Coenwulf as King of Mercia 796-821 and succeeded by Ceolwulf in 821.
    
12. Title: Avalon Project - The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle : Eighth Century
    Publication: Name: https://avalon.law.yale.edu/medieval/ang08.asp;
    Note: A.D. 796. This year died Archbishop Eanbald, on the fourth day before the ides of August; and his body is deposited at York. The same year also died Bishop Ceolwulf; and another Eanbald was consecrated to the see of the former, on the nineteenth day before the calends of September. About the same time Cynewulf, King of Mercia, made inroads upon the inhabitants of Kent as far as the marsh...
    Page: Identifies Cynewulf as King of Mercia in 796
    
13. Title: CENWULF King of Mercia - Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
    Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLAND,%20AngloSaxon%20&%20Danish%20Kings.htm#_ftnref657;
    Note: 1. CENWULF (-Basingwerk, Flintshire 821, bur Winchcomb, Gloucestershire). He succeeded [his distant cousin] King Ecgfrith in 796 as CENWULF King of Mercia. Simeon of Durham records that "Coenuulf the father of St Kenelm" succeeded "Ecgfrith" as king of Mercia[657]. Kent revolted in 796, Eadberht "Præn" installing himself as king of Kent. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that King Cenwulf suppressed the rebellion vigorously, led Eadberht "Praen" bound back to Mercia[658], and appointed his younger brother Cuthred as under-king of Kent in 798. He failed to obtain papal support for establishing London as an archiepiscopal see. He revived Mercian expansion into Wales, killed Caradog ap Meirion King of Gwynedd in 798, and raided the district between Clwyd and the Elwy in 816 and Dyfed in 818-819. Eardwulf King of Northumbria invaded Mercia in 801, but peace was imposed following mediation of English bishops and nobles[659]. "Cenuulf rex merciorum" granted freedoms to Glastonbury Abbey by charter dated 797[660]. Mercian control over Kent, at least during the period 801-811, is demonstrated by "Coenuulfus rex Merciorum" making a joint grant of land in Kent with "Cuthredo fratre meo rege Cantuariorum" dated 801[661], "Coenulfi regis Merciorum" subscribing three charters of "Cuthredus rex Cantiæ" dated 805[662], and "Coenwulf rex Merciorum" granting land at Rochester, Kent to bishop Beornmod by charter dated 811 (subscribed by, among others, "Sigered rex", "Beornnoth dux" and "Eadberht dux", none of whom have been identified)[663]. A dispute with Wulfred Archbishop of Canterbury concerning the king's right to make certain religious appointments appears to have led to the former's suspension from office from 817 to 821[664]. [m firstly ---. The evident age difference between King Cenwulf's known children Cwenthryth and Cynehelm suggests that they were probably born from different marriages although this has not been corroborated from any primary source so far consulted.] m [secondly] ÆLTHRYTH, daughter of --- (-821 or after). "Æthrith/Ælbthryth regina" subscribed charters of King Cenwulf in 804 and 811, and "Eldredia regina" a charter dated 821[665]. King Cenwulf & his [first] wife had [two] children: a) CWENTHRYTH . William of Malmesbury names "Quendrida" as the older sister of St Kenelm, whom his father had entrusted to this sister for his education[666]. Roger of Wendover names "Quendridam et Burgenildam" as the daughters of "Kenulfus…[et[ regina sua Alfritha"[667]. As pointed out above, the age difference between Cwenthryth and her brother Cynehelm suggests that they may not have shared the same mother. "Quoenthryth filia regis" subscribed a charter of "Coenwulf rex Merciorum" dated 811[668]. She was appointed Abbess of Minster-in-Thanet, by her father. William of Malmesbury states that she murdered her brother Cynehelm[669]. b) [BURGENILDA . Roger of Wendover names "Quendridam et Burgenildam" as the daughters of "Kenulfus…[et[ regina sua Alfritha"[670]. King Cenwulf & his [second] wife had [three] children: c) CYNEHELM [Kenelme] ([806/11]-murdered [821/22], bur [Winchcombe, Gloucestershire]). He is named as son of King Cenwulf by William of Malmesbury[671]. "Cynehelm dux" subscribed the charter of "Coenwulf rex Merciorum" dated 811[672]. Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland records that "his son Saint Kenelm, a boy then seven years old" succeeded "Kenulph…king of the Mercians" but was murdered "through the treachery of his sister Quendreda" within a few months of the death of his father and buried beside his father[673], although his age must be underestimated in this source if he is the same person who subscribed the 811 charter of King Cenwulf. His paternity is corroborated by "Kenelmus filius regis" subscribing a charter of "Kenulfus rex Merciorum" dated 821[674]. William of Malmesbury states that he was brought up by his sister Cwenthryth, but that she ordered his murder[675]. Goscelin of Saint-Bertin wrote his biography Vita S. Kenelmi in the mid-1060s[676]. d) [EADBERHT . "Eadberht dux" subscribed the charter of "Coenwulf rex Merciorum" dated 811, his name listed directly after "Cynehelm dux" and before "Cyneberht propinquo regis"[677], which suggests a closer relationship to the king than "propinquo", possibly a younger son.] e) [EADBURGA. Asser records that Alfred's mother-in-law "Edburga of the royal line of Mercia…was a venerable lady and after the decease of her husband, she remained many years a widow, even till her own death"[678]. According to Weir[679], she was perhaps the daughter of Cenwulf King of Mercia but the basis for this speculation is not known. m ÆTHELRED "Mucil" Ealdorman of the Gainas [in Mercia].] 2. CEOLWULF (-823 or after). "Celwall frater regis Kenulphi" subscribed a charter of "Kenulphus rex Merciorum" dated 806[680]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that he succeeded his brother in 821[681] as CEOLWULF I King of Mercia. He continued his brother's invasions of Wales, destroying the fortress of Deganwy at the mouth of the river Conway and bringing the kingdom of Powys under their control in 822. William of Malmesbury records that he was deposed in 823 by Beornwulf[682]. m ---. The name of Ceolwulf's wife is not known. Ceolwulf & his wife had one child: a) ÆLFFLÆD (-[839/40], bur Croyland Abbey). William of Malmesbury names "Elhfleda, daughter of Chelwulf" as the mother of "Wistan"[683]. Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland records the accession of "Wichtlaf duke of the Wiccii whose son Wymund had married Alfleda, the daughter of Ceolwulph the former king"[684], dating her marriage to before her father-in-law's accession. According to Ingulph's Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland, Ælflæd died soon after her husband[685]. m WIGMUND, son of WIGLAF King of Mercia (-before 849). 3. CUTHRED (-807). His brother Cenwulf King of Mercia installed him in 798 as CUTHRED King of Kent. His lack of autonomy in Kent is indicated by "Cuthredo fratre meo rege Cantuariorum" making a joint grant of land in Kent with "Coenulfus rex Merciorum" by charter dated 801[686], and "Coenulfi regis Merciorum" also subscribing three charters of "Cuthredus rex Cantiæ" dated 805[687]. After his death, Kent once more became a province of Mercia. m ---. The name of Cuthred's wife is not known. Cuthred & his wife had one child: a) COENWALD (-811 or after). "Coenwaldi filii regis" subscribed a charter of "Cuthredus rex Cantiæ" dated 805[688]. "Coenwald propinquo regis" subscribed a charter of "Coenwulf rex Merciorum" dated 811[689].
    Page: Identifies Cenwulf as King of Mercia from 796 to 821, Succeeded his distant cousin King Ecgfrith; was the husband of ÆLTHRYTH (his 2nd wife) and one other, not named in this source. Father of: CWENTHRYTH, CYNEHELM, EADBERHT, and EADBURGA (wife of Aethelred Mucil, Ealdorman of the Gainas in Mercia) And brother of: CEOLWULF I King of Mercia (821 to 823) and CUTHRED King of Kent (798 to 807) Died in 821 and was buried at Winchcomb, Gloucestershire
    
14. Title: Coenwulf of Mercia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenwulf_of_Mercia;
    Note: Coenwulf (Old English: [ˈkøːnwuɫf]; also spelled Cenwulf, Kenulf, or Kenwulph; Latin: Coenulfus) was the King of Mercia from December 796 until his death in 821. He was a descendant of a sibling of King Penda, who had ruled Mercia in the middle of the 7th century. He succeeded Ecgfrith, the son of Offa; Ecgfrith only reigned for five months, and Coenwulf ascended the throne in the same year that Offa died. In the early years of Coenwulf's reign he had to deal with a revolt in Kent, which had been under Offa's control. Eadberht Præn returned from exile in Francia to claim the Kentish throne, and Coenwulf was forced to wait for papal support before he could intervene. When Pope Leo III agreed to anathematise Eadberht, Coenwulf invaded and retook the kingdom; Eadberht was taken prisoner, was blinded, and had his hands cut off. Coenwulf also appears to have lost control of the kingdom of East Anglia during the early part of his reign, as an independent coinage appears under King Eadwald. Coenwulf's coinage reappears in 805, indicating that the kingdom was again under Mercian control. Several campaigns of Coenwulf's against the Welsh are recorded, but only one conflict with Northumbria, in 801, though it is likely that Coenwulf continued to support the opponents of the Northumbrian king Eardwulf. Coenwulf came into conflict with Archbishop Wulfred of Canterbury over the issue of whether laypeople could control religious houses such as monasteries. The breakdown in the relationship between the two eventually reached the point where the archbishop was unable to exercise his duties for at least four years. A partial resolution was reached in 822 with Coenwulf's successor, King Ceolwulf, but it was not until about 826 that a final settlement was reached between Wulfred and Coenwulf's daughter, Cwoenthryth, who had been the main beneficiary of Coenwulf's grants of religious property. Coenwulf was succeeded by his brother, Ceolwulf; a post-Conquest legend claims that his son Cynehelm was murdered to gain the succession. Within two years Ceolwulf had been deposed, and the kingship passed permanently out of Coenwulf's family. Coenwulf was the last king of Mercia to exercise substantial dominance over other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. Within a decade of his death, the rise of Wessex had begun under King Egbert, and Mercia never recovered its former position of power. Background and sources For most of the 8th century, Mercia was dominant among the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms south of the river Humber. Æthelbald, who came to the throne in 716, had established himself as the overlord of the southern Anglo-Saxons by 731.[1] He was assassinated in 757, and was briefly succeeded by Beornred, but within a year Offa ousted Beornred and took the throne for himself. Offa's daughter Eadburh married Beorhtric of Wessex in 789, and Beorhtric became an ally thereafter.[2] In Kent, Offa intervened decisively in the 780s,[3] and at some point became the overlord of East Anglia, whose king, Æthelred, was beheaded at Offa's orders in 794.[4] Offa appears to have moved to eliminate dynastic rivals to the succession of his son, Ecgfrith.[5] According to a contemporary letter from Alcuin of York, an English deacon and scholar who spent over a decade as a chief advisor at Charlemagne's court,[6] "the vengeance of the blood shed by the father has reached the son"; Alcuin added, "This was not a strengthening of the kingdom, but its ruin."[7] Offa died in July 796. Ecgfrith succeeded him but reigned for less than five months before Coenwulf came to the throne.[8] A significant corpus of letters dates from the period, especially from Alcuin, who corresponded with kings, nobles, and ecclesiastics throughout England.[6] Letters between Coenwulf and the papacy also survive.[9] Another key source for the period is the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a collection of annals in Old English narrating the history of the Anglo-Saxons. The Chronicle was a West Saxon production, however, and is sometimes thought to be biased in favour of Wessex.[10] Charters dating from Coenwulf's reign have survived; these were documents granting land to followers or to churchmen and were witnessed by the kings who had the authority to grant the land.[11][12] A charter might record the names of both a subject king and his overlord on the witness list appended to the grant. Such a witness list can be seen on the Ismere Diploma, for example, where Æthelric, son of king Oshere of the Hwicce, is described as a "subregulus", or subking, of Æthelbald.[13] Mercia and southern England at Ecgfrith's death According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Ecgfrith only reigned for 141 days.[14] Offa is known to have died in 796, on either 26 July or 29 July, so Ecgfrith's date of death is either 14 December or 17 December of the same year.[15] Coenwulf succeeded Ecgfrith as king. Coenwulf's father's name was Cuthberht, who may have been the same person as an ealdorman of that name who witnessed charters during the reign of Offa.[5] Coenwulf is also recorded as witnessing charters during Offa's reign.[16] According to the genealogy of Mercian kings preserved in the Anglian collection Coenwulf was descended from a brother of Penda named Cenwealh, of whom there is no other record.[5] It is possible that this refers to Cenwealh of Wessex, who was married to (and later repudiated) a sister of Penda.[17] Coenwulf's kin may have been connected to the royal family of the Hwicce, a subkingdom of Mercia around the lower river Severn.[18] It appears that Coenwulf's family were powerful, but they were not of recent Mercian royal lineage.[15] A letter written by Alcuin to the people of Kent in 797 laments that "scarcely anyone is found now of the old stock of kings".[19] Eardwulf of Northumbria had, like Coenwulf, gained his throne in 796, so Alcuin's meaning is not clear, but it may be that he intended it as a slur on Eardwulf or Coenwulf or on both.[20] Alcuin certainly held negative views of Coenwulf, regarding him as a tyrant and criticising him for putting aside one wife and taking another. Alcuin wrote to a Mercian nobleman to ask him to greet Coenwulf peaceably "if it is possible to do so", implying uncertainty about Coenwulf's policy towards the Carolingians.[15] Coenwulf's early reign was marked by a breakdown in Mercian control in southern England. In East Anglia, King Eadwald minted coins at about this time, implying that he was no longer subject to Mercia.[21] A charter of 799 seems to show that Wessex and Mercia were estranged for some time before that date, though the charter is not regarded as undoubtedly genuine.[22][23] In Kent, an uprising began, probably starting after Ecgfrith's death,[21] though it has been suggested that it began much earlier in the year, before Offa's death.[24][25] The uprising was led by Eadberht Præn, who had been an exile at Charlemagne's court: Eadberht's cause almost certainly had Carolingian support.[26] Eadberht became king of Kent, and Æthelheard, the archbishop of Canterbury at that time, fled his see; it is likely that Christ Church, Canterbury was sacked.[21] Reign Coenwulf was unwilling to take military action in Kent without acknowledgement from Pope Leo III that Eadberht was a pretender. The basis for this assertion was that Eadberht had reportedly been a priest, and as such had given up any right to the throne.[21] Coenwulf wrote to the Pope and asked Leo to consider making London the seat of the southern archbishopric, removing the honour from Canterbury; it is likely that Coenwulf's reasons included the loss of Mercian control over Kent.[21][27] Leo refused to agree to moving the archiepiscopate to London, but in the same letter he agreed that Eadberht's previous ordination made him ineligible for the throne:[28] And concerning that letter which the most reverend and holy Æthelheard sent to us ... as regards that apostate cleric who mounted to the throne ... we excommunicate and reject him, having regard to the safety of his soul. For if he should still persist in that wicked behaviour, be sure to inform us quickly, that we may [write to] princes and all people dwelling in the island of Britain, exhorting them to expel him from his most wicked rule and procure the safety of his soul. This authorisation from the Pope to proceed against Eadberht was delayed until 798, but once it was received Coenwulf took action.[21] The Mercians captured Eadberht, put out his eyes and cut off his hands,[29] and led him in chains to Mercia, where according to later tradition he was imprisoned at Winchcombe, a religious house closely affiliated with Coenwulf's family.[30] By 801 at the latest Coenwulf had placed his brother, Cuthred, on the throne of Kent.[31] Cuthred ruled until the time of his death in 807, after which Coenwulf took control of Kent in name as well as fact.[32] Coenwulf styled himself "King of the Mercians and the Province of Kent" (rex Merciorum atque provincie Cancie) in a charter dated 809.[33] Offa's domination of the kingdom of Essex was continued by Coenwulf. King Sigeric of Essex left for Rome in 798, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle,[34] presumably abdicating the throne in favour of his son, Sigered. Sigered appears on two charters of Coenwulf's in 811 as king (rex) of Essex, but his title is reduced thereafter, first to subregulus, or subking, and thereafter to dux or ealdorman.[35][36] The course of events in East Anglia is less clear, but Eadwald's coinage ceased, and new coinage issued by Coenwulf began by about 805, so it is likely that Coenwulf forcibly re-established Mercian dominance there.[31] The resumption of friendly relations with Wessex under Beorhtric received a setback when Beorhtric died and the throne of Wessex passed to Egbert, who, like Eadberht, had been an exile at Charlemagne's court.[37] The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that on the same day that Egbert came to the throne, an ealdorman of the Hwicce named Æthelmund ...
    Page: Identifies Coenwulf as king of Mercia from 796 until his death in 821; identifies him as also known as Cenwulf, Kenulf, Kenwulph, and Coenulfus; Identifies him as the son of Cuthberht, the brother of Cuthred, King of Kent 798 - 807 and Ceolwulf, King of Mercia 821 - 823. Also the husband of Cynegyth (possibly) and Ælfthryth, and the father of Cynehelm and Cwoenthryth, and ancestor (possibly father) of Eadburh (mother in law of Alfred the Great)
    
15. Title: Cuthberht of Mercia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuthberht_of_Mercia;
    Note: Cuthberht was a Mercian of the 8th century who may have been the same person as an ealdorman of that name who witnessed charters during the reign of Offa.[1] Cuthberht may also be the same person as the Cuthberht mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the entry for 779.[2] Cuthberht had at least three sons they were: Coenwulf, King of Mercia 796 - 821. Cuthred, King of Kent 798 - 807. Ceolwulf, King of Mercia 821 - 823. References Yorke, Barbara (1990). Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England. London: Seaby. ISBN 1-85264-027-8, p. 118. cf Charter S1412 External links Cuthbert 12 at Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England; see also Cuthbert 8
    Page: Identifies Coenwulf as King of Mercia from 796 to 821. Identifies him as one of 3 known sons of Cuthberht of Mercia, and brother of Cuthred (King of Kent 798 - 807) and Ceolwulf (King of Mercia 821 - 823)