García Iñiguez de Pamplona

• Preferred Name: García Iñiguez de Pamplona^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}
  
• Alternate Name: Íñiguez de Pamplona
  
• Gender: M
  
• Burial: in Yesa, Esa, Nafarroa, Spain at LATI: N2.6195 LONG: E1.2031
  
• FSID: GDML-BG6
  
• Nickname:
  
• Birth: ABT 810 in Pamplona, Navarra, España at LATI: N2.812 LONG: E1.646 with note: the date is problematic, perhaps a decade or more early, so at a minimum it needs to be expressed as an approximation rather than a precise year
  
• Death: 870 in Lekunberri, Navarre Spain at LATI: N3.0048 LONG: E1.8965 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Rey de Pampelune(852-870) , Regente de Navarre(870-912)
  
  https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_%C3%8D%C3%B1iguez_de_Pamplona
  
  GARCÍA ÍÑIGUEZ DE PAMPLONA
  García Íñiguez —García Íñiguez II de Sobrarbe​— (c. 810-881​/882), hijo de Íñigo Arista, desde aproximadamente 842 fue regente y llevó la dirección de las campañas militares durante los últimos años de la vida de su padre, que enfermó alrededor de 841-842 y quedó paralítico. Sucedió a su padre en el liderazgo de Pamplona en 851-852.
  
  VIDA
  García fue educado en Córdoba. En mayo de 843 ayudó a su tío Musa ibn Musa en su insurrección contra el emir de Córdoba. El resultado fue el ataque de Abd al-Rahman II de Córdoba a las tierras de Pamplona, que terminó el mes siguiente con una rotunda victoria del emir sobre García Íñiguez y Musa.
  En 859 fue apresado por una expedición vikinga que había subido por el río Ebro. Liberado tras pagar un rescate de 70 000 monedas de oro, abandonó las antiguas alianzas con los Banu Qasi y se acercó al reino de Asturias. García se alió con el rey asturiano Ordoño I y juntos obtuvieron un importante triunfo ante los musulmanes en la batalla de Albelda en 859-860, que también fue llamada la «batalla de Monte Laturce» o la «de Clavijo».​ Esta victoria cristiana motivó la quiebra del poder de los Banu Qasi y la consiguiente reacción cordobesa.
  Su hijo Fortún Garcés fue hecho prisionero por los musulmanes en 860 y estuvo retenido en Córdoba, en un exilio dorado, más de veinte años.​ Después de la muerte de García Íñiguez, hasta el regreso de su hijo Fortún Garcés de su cautiverio en Córdoba en 882, parece que gobernó como regente en Pamplona García Jiménez, hijo de Jimeno García de la dinastía Jimena.
  Durante su mandato se tomaron las primeras medidas para favorecer el paso de peregrinos que acudían a Compostela, poniendo las primeras piedras del futuro camino de Santiago.
  
  MATRIMONIO Y DESCENDENCIA
  Estuvo casado con Urraca de quien no existe ningún dato documental para conocer su linaje, aunque teniendo en cuenta que tuvo un hijo llamado Fortún, nombre que llevaron varios miembros de la dinastía muladí, podría ser hija de Fortún ibn Musa (muerto en 874), nieta paterna de Musa ibn Musa y Assona Íñiguez y prima hermana de Muhammad ibn Lubb, el abuelo de la Urraca reina asturiana.
  ​Fueron padres de:
  
  Fortún Garcés, caudillo de Pamplona, casado con Auria, posiblemente hija de Lubb ibn Musa.
  
  Sancho Garcés de Pamplona, casado con una mujer desconocida y padre de:
  Aznar Sánchez de Larraún, conde de Aragón, casado con su prima hermana Onneca Fortúnez, de quién fue segundo marido.
  
  Velasquita Sánchez de Pamplona, casada con Mutarrif ibn Musa, walí de Huesca, hijo de Musa ibn Musa y Assona Íñiguez.
  
  Oneca de Pamplona, casada con Aznar II Galíndez.
  ​
  También pudo ser el padre de Jimena Garcés, casada con Alfonso III el Magno, además de varios hijos más.
  
  El rey García I de León, hijo de Jimena de Asturias y Alfonso III, llevaría el nombre de su abuelo paterno. Jimena, sin embargo, no está mencionada en el Códice de Roda como hija del rey García Íñiguez.
  
  Garcia Iñiguez of Pamplona
  GARCIA IÑIGUEZ OF PAMPLONA
  García Íñiguez —García Íñiguez II de Sobrarbe​— (c. 810-881​/882), son of Íñigo Arista, from about 842 he was regent and led the military campaigns during the last years of
  
  Garcia Iniguez of Pamplona
  GARCIA IÑIGUEZ OF PAMPLONA
  García Íñiguez —García Íñiguez II de Sobrarbe​— (c. 810-881​/882), son of Íñigo Arista, from about 842 he was regent and led the military campaigns during the last years of

1. Oneca Garcés de Pampelune, b. aproximadamente 0850 in Espanha    
2. Sancho Garcés de Pamplona I, b. 880 in PAMPLONA, NAVARRA, ESPAÑA     d. 10 de diciembre de 0925 in San Adrián, Navarra, España

• m. 840

1. Fortún Garcés de Sobrarbe, b. 830 in Pamplona, Navarra, Spain     d. 922 in Leyre Navarra
2. Jimena Garcés di Pamplona, b. 848 in Spain     d. junio de 0912 in Oviedo, España
3. Oneca Garcés de Pampelune, b. aproximadamente 0850 in Espanha    

1. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy-Garcia Iñiguez
   Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NAVARRE.htm#GarciaIIniguezdied882;
   Note: GARCÍA Iñíguez ([810]-killed by Arabs [Lumberri] 882[57], bur Leire Monastery). The Codex de Roda names "Garsea Enneconis et domna Assona…et domna ---" as the children of "Enneco cognomento Aresta"[58]. He succeeded his father in [852] as GARCÍA I [King] of Pamplona. He was defeated by the Muslims in [858]. "Rexo Garsia, filius Eneconis" donated property to the monastery of Leire, with the advice of "filii mei Fortunii", by charter dated 21 Oct 880[59]. This is the only source so far identified which accords the royal title to García and it is not clear whether it was contemporary. The Libro de Regla of Leire Monastery, compiled in 1076, records that "filius eius Garsea Ennecones" ruled for 12 years after the death of "Enneco Xemenones" and died "era DCCCXXXV…in Lumberri", his body being returned "ad monasterium Legeren" (for burial)[60]. m [firstly] URRACA, daughter of ---. An undated charter refers to a confirmation by “rex domnus Garcia et regina domna Urraca maiore”[61]. Her origin is not known. Rodrigo Ximénez de Rada, writing in the first half of the 13th century, records that "Enecho…Arista…filium Garsiam" married "Urracam, de Regio semine"[62]. Jaurgain suggests that "de Regio semine" should be interpreted as meaning "de la même race que lui" (based on his assumption that the kings of Navarre were descended from the dukes of Gascony, about which there appears to be no proof) and that Urraca was "fille de Sanche-Sancion duc de Vasconie", although he cites no primary source which confirms this parentage[63]. Her origin is discussed by Salazar y Acha who suggests that she was a member of the Banu Qasi family, related to the second wife of Fruela II King of Asturias, which would account for the introduction of the name Fortún into the family of the kings of Navarre[64]. [m secondly LEODEGUNDIS de Asturias, daughter of [ORDOÑO I King of Asturias & his wife Munia ---]. The manuscript of the Codex de Roda entitled "Versi domna Leodegundia regina" names "Leodegundiam Ordonii filiam" and indicates her position as Queen of Pamplona after her marriage[65]. She is not named in the genealogies in the earlier part of the Codex de Roda. She has been suggested as a possible second wife of King García I but, as there is no indication of dates in the "Versi", this is mere speculation. Barrau-Dihigo casts doubt on this identification[66]. It is of course possible that she was not a historical figure at all. It may have been convenient for chroniclers of the rulers of Pamplona to invent a dynastic connection with the kings of Asturias in order to boost local credibility.] García I & his [first] wife had [four] children: a) FORTÚN García ([830]-after 905). The Codex de Roda names "Fortunio Garseanis et Sanzio Garseanis et domna Onneca" as the children of "Garsea Enneconis" and his unnamed wife[67]. He succeeded his father in 882 as FORTÚN [King] of Pamplona. - see below. b) SANCHO García . The Codex de Roda names "Fortunio Garseanis et Sanzio Garseanis et domna Onneca" as the children of "Garsea Enneconis" and his unnamed wife[68]. m ---. The name of Sancho's wife is not known. Sancho García & his wife had [two] children: i) AZNAR Sánchez de Larraún . ii) [VELASQUITA Sánchez. c) ONECA García. The Codex de Roda names "Fortunio Garseanis et Sanzio Garseanis et domna Onneca" as the children of "Garsea Enneconis" and his unnamed wife, stating that Oneca married "Asnari Galindones de Aragone"[77]. m AZNAR [II] Galíndez Conde de Aragón, son of GALINDO [I] Aznar Conde de Aragón & his wife --- (-893). d) [JIMENA (-after Jun 912, bur [Astorga, transferred to Oviedo Santa María]). The Cronica de Sampiro, as reproduced in the Historia Silense, records the alliance between King Alfonso and "Galiam simul cum Pampiloniam, causa cognacionis", adding that he had married “uxorem ex illorum prosapia...Xemenam consubrinam Caroli regis”[78]. The Cronica de Sampiro (interpolated, España Sagrada edition) records that “Adefonsus filius Domini Ordonii” married “Pampilona…uxorem ex illorum prosapia generis…Xemena” by whom he had “filios...Garseanum, Ordonium, Froilanum et Gundisalvum qui archidiaconus ecclesie Ovetensis fuit”[79]. Sánchez-Albornoz suggests that she was the daughter of King García I[80], but she is not included among his children listed in the Codex de Roda. Settipani, while agreeing that Jimena must belong to the royal family of Navarre, highlights difficulties with this theory while recognising that none of the other possible origins appears viable[81]. The most obvious difficulty is chronological, as Jimena´s marriage date suggests that, if she was related to the early kings of Navarre, she probably belonged to the subsequent generation. The reference in the Cronica de Sampiro, as reproduced in the Historia Silense, to the alliance between King Alfonso and "Galiam simul cum Pampiloniam, causa cognacionis"[82] suggests an alternative possibility that Jimena may have been related to the dukes of Gascony, who maintained close relations with the kings of Pamplona as indicated by charter evidence. The Cronica de Sampiro (interpolated, España Sagrada edition) records that “uxore sua Xemena regina” was buried with her husband “Astoricæ” but that their bodies were transferred to “Oueto...sub aula sancte Marie Dey genitricis”[83]. The Chronicon Regum Legionensium names "Queen Jimena" as the wife of "King Alfonso", when reporting their reburial in light of the threatened invasion of the kingdom of León and Asturias by Al-Mansur[84]. m ([869/70]) ALFONSO III “el Magno” King of Asturias, son of ORDOÑO I King of Asturias & his wife Munia --- (848-20 Dec 910).] García & his [wife/mistress] had one [illegitimate] child: e) daughter . Ibn Hayyan´s Muqtabis II records "la hija de Garsiya ibn W.n.q." as the wife of "Amrus ibn Amr ibn Amrus" in A.H. 259 [872/73][85]. It is possible that this daughter of [King] García was illegitimate. m as his (x) wife, AMRUS ibn Umar Wali [governor/king] of Huesca, son of UMAR ibn Amrus (-[Huesca] Apr 875).
   
2. Title: Wikipedia - Garcia Iñiguez of Pamplona
   Author: Barrau-Dihigo, Lucien (1900). "Les origines du royaume de Navarre d'apres une théorie récente". Revue Hispanique (in French). 7 (21–22): 141–222. ISSN 9965-0355. Cañada Juste, Alberto (1980). "Los Banu Qasi (714–924)". Príncipe de Viana (in Spanish) (Year 41): 5–95. ISSN 0032-8472. Carriedo Tejedo, Manuel (1993–1994). "Nacimiento, matrimonio y muerte de Alfonso III el Magno" (PDF). Asturiensia Medievalia (in Spanish). Oviedo (7): 129–145. ISSN 0301-889X. Collins, Roger (2012). Caliphs and Kings: Spain, 796–1031. Blackwell Publishing. Collins, Roger (1990). The Basques (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 0631175652. Collins, Roger (1995). MacKitteric, Rosamund (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521362924. García Gómez, Emilio; Lévi-Provençal, Évariste (1954). "Textos inéditos del Muqtabis de Ibn Hayyan sobre los orígines del Reino de Pamplona". Al-Andalus (in Spanish). 19 (2): 295–316. ISSN 0304-4335. Gibb, H.A.R. (1986).
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_Íñiguez_of_Pamplona;
   Note: García Iñiguez García Íñiguez de Pamplona (Diputación Provincial de Zaragoza).jpg King of Pamplona Tenure 851-2 – 870 Predecessor Íñigo Arista Successor Fortún Garcés Born c. 810 Died 870 Burial Monastery of Leyre Spouse Urraca Issue more... Fortún Garcés House House of Íñiguez Father Íñigo Arista García Íñiguez I (Latin: Garsea Enneconis, Basque: Gartzea Eneko; c. 810 – 882), also known as García I was the second king of Pamplona from 851–2 until his death. He was the son of Íñigo Arista, the first king of Pamplona. Educated in Cordoba, he was a successful military leader who led the military campaigns of the kingdom during the last years of his father's life.[1][2] Biography Educated in Córdoba, as a guest at the court of the Emir of Córdoba, García was the son of Íñigo Arista, the first king of a Basque dynasty ruling in Pamplona up to the late 9th century.[3] When his father was stricken by paralysis in 842, he became regent of the kingdom (or perhaps co-regent with his uncle Fortún Íñiguez). He and his kinsman Mūsā ibn Mūsā ibn Fortún of the Banu Qasi rebelled against the Cordoban emir in 843. This rebellion was put down by Emir Abd ar-Rahman II, who attacked the Kingdom of Pamplona, defeating García badly and killing Fortún. At his father's death in 851/2 (237 A.H.), he succeeded to the crown of Pamplona. Following the death of Íñigo Arista, the Banu Qasi leader Mūsā ibn Mūsā pursued a policy of closer allegiance with Muhammad I of Córdoba, leaving García to look to Christian Asturias for an ally.[1] In 859, the Vikings captured García, probably far removed from his Basque kingdom of Navarre,[4] somewhere in the Andalusian heartland, and extorted a hefty ransom,[5] rising to around 70,000 gold dinars.[6] Later the same year, Mūsā ibn Mūsā attacked the Pamplonese city of Albelda. García and his new friend Ordoño I of Asturias together dealt Mūsā a crushing blow, killing, it is said, 10,000 of his magnates in the Battle of Albelda. This, in turn, provoked a raid by Mohammed I of Córdoba[7] in response and the next year, 860, saw García's son and heir Fortún captured and imprisoned by Mohammed I of Córdoba.[7][6] He languished in Córdoba for the next 20 years. In 870, García formed an alliance with the Muslim rebel Amrūs ibn Umar ibn Amrūs, who had killed Garcia's nephew Mūsā ibn Galindo of Huesca, and the next year was apparently in a new alliance with the sons of Mūsā ibn Mūsā, now in rebellion against Córdoba. García's death has been subject to scholarly dispute, a result of a paucity of records from the last years of his reign. The lack of subsequent mention of him after 870 led to the suggestion that he died in that year, while his eldest son and heir was in the hands of his enemies, it was argued that García Jiménez governed the kingdom as regent. García's son, Fortún Garcés, is then made to succeed upon his release in 880. There is, however, no evidence for such a regency, and Sanchéz Albornoz has cited evidence that García was still living at the time of his son's return.[6] Thus it is likely that Balparda was reporting an accurate tradition when he suggested García and ally Umar ibn Hafsun fought a battle at Aibar, not far from present-day Lumbier, against the troops of the Emir of Córdoba in 882, García dying there (although the age provided him, 84 years, is clearly exaggerated). Marriage and descendants The identity of García's wife or wives is poorly documented, and has been subject to much speculation. An undated confirmation of an earlier lost charter refers to King García and Queen Urraca Mayor, and this is thought by some to refer to García Íñiguez and an otherwise unknown wife, Urraca. Based on her name alone and the fact that one of his sons' names was Fortún, a common name among the Banu Qasi dynasty, it has been argued that Urraca could have been a granddaughter of Musa ibn Musa ibn Qasi, the leader of the Banu Qasi clan.[8] Other historians have suggested alternative parentage, or suggested the document does not refer to García Íñiguez at all but instead to García Sánchez II of Pamplona and his mother Queen Urraca Fernández. A second possible wife is infanta Leodegundia, daughter of Ordoño I of Asturias. She is known to have married a ruler of Pamplona not named in the primary source, and García Íñiguez is one of those speculated to have been this prince.[1] Fortún Garcés, king of Pamplona from 870 until 905 and married to Auria. Onneca Garcés, married to Count Aznar Galíndez II of Aragon.[9] Sancho Garcés, father of Aznar Sánchez de Larraun — the second husband of his cousin Onneca Fortúnez — and probably of Velazquita, who married Mutarrif ibn Musa, of the Banu Qasi.[a] He may also have been the father of Jimena, who married King Alfonso III of Asturias[13] between 26 May and 20 December 873, both appearing together for first time in 874 making a donation to the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela.[14] Her name and the status of her husband as the premier monarch in Christian Iberia suggests that she could have come from nothing short of the highest levels of Pamplona society, though some have instead derived her from the Jimenez dynasty.
   
3. Title: Wikipedia (Spanish)-Garcia Iñiguez de Pamploona
   Author: Cañada Juste, Alberto (1980). «Los Banu Qasi (714-924)». Príncipe de Viana (58-59): 5-96. ISSN 0032-8472. Lévi-Provençal, Évariste (1953). «Du nouveau sur le royaume de Pampelune au IXe siècle». Bulletin Hispanique (en francés) (Université de Bordeaux) 55 (1): 5-22. ISSN 0007-4640. Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (2007). Sancho III el Mayor Rey de Pamplona, Rex Ibericus. Madrid: Marcial Pons Historia. ISBN 978-84-96467-47-7. Salazar y Acha, Jaime de (2006). «Urraca. Un nombre egregio en la onomástica altomedieval». En la España medieval (1): 29-48. ISSN 0214-3038.
   Publication: Name: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_%C3%8D%C3%B1iguez_de_Pamplona;
   Note: García Íñiguez —García Íñiguez II de Sobrarbe1​— (c. 810-8812​/882),3​ hijo de Íñigo Arista, desde aproximadamente 842 fue regente y llevó la dirección de las campañas militares durante los últimos años de la vida de su padre, que enfermó alrededor de 841-842 y quedó paralítico. Sucedió a su padre en el liderazgo de Pamplona en 851-852.2​4​ Índice 1 Vida 2 Matrimonio y descendencia 3 Véase también 4 Referencias 5 Bibliografía 6 Enlaces externos Vida García fue educado en Córdoba. En mayo de 843 ayudó a su tío Musa ibn Musa en su insurrección contra el emir de Córdoba. El resultado fue el ataque de Abd al-Rahman II de Córdoba a las tierras de Pamplona, que terminó el mes siguiente con una rotunda victoria del emir sobre García Íñiguez y Musa.5​ En 859 fue apresado por una expedición vikinga que había subido por el río Ebro. Liberado tras pagar un rescate de 70 000 monedas de oro,2​6​ abandonó las antiguas alianzas con los Banu Qasi y se acercó al reino de Asturias. García se alió con el rey asturiano Ordoño I y juntos obtuvieron un importante triunfo ante los musulmanes en la batalla de Albelda en 859-860, que también fue llamada la «batalla de Monte Laturce» o la «de Clavijo».7​ Esta victoria cristiana motivó la quiebra del poder de los Banu Qasi y la consiguiente reacción cordobesa. Su hijo Fortún Garcés fue hecho prisionero por los musulmanes en 860 y estuvo retenido en Córdoba, en un exilio dorado, más de veinte años.2​6​ Después de la muerte de García Íñiguez, hasta el regreso de su hijo Fortún Garcés de su cautiverio en Córdoba en 882, parece que gobernó como regente en Pamplona García Jiménez, hijo de Jimeno García de la dinastía Jimena. Durante su mandato se tomaron las primeras medidas para favorecer el paso de peregrinos que acudían a Compostela, poniendo las primeras piedras del futuro camino de Santiago. Matrimonio y descendencia Estuvo casado con Urraca de quien no existe ningún dato documental para conocer su linaje, aunque teniendo en cuenta que tuvo un hijo llamado Fortún, nombre que llevaron varios miembros de la dinastía muladí, podría ser hija de Fortún ibn Musa (muerto en 874), nieta paterna de Musa ibn Musa y Assona Íñiguez y prima hermana de Muhammad ibn Lubb, el abuelo de la Urraca reina asturiana.8​ Fueron padres de: Fortún Garcés, caudillo de Pamplona, casado con Auria, posiblemente hija de Lubb ibn Musa. Sancho Garcés de Pamplona, casado con una mujer desconocida y padre de: Aznar Sánchez de Larraún, conde de Aragón, casado con su prima hermana Onneca Fortúnez, de quién fue segundo marido. Velasquita Sánchez de Pamplona, casada con Mutarrif ibn Musa, walí de Huesca, hijo de Musa ibn Musa y Assona Íñiguez.9​ Oneca de Pamplona, casada con Aznar II Galíndez.9​ También pudo ser el padre de Jimena Garcés, casada con Alfonso III el Magno, además de varios hijos más. El rey García I de León, hijo de Jimena de Asturias y Alfonso III, llevaría el nombre de su abuelo paterno. Jimena, sin embargo, no está mencionada en el Códice de Roda como hija del rey García Íñiguez.
   
4. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy - Kings of Pamplona, Iñiga Dynasty
   Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NAVARRE.htm#_Toc359941978;
   Note: C. KINGS of PAMPLONA 822-[905] (IÑIGA DYNASTY) 1. ÍÑIGO [II] [Iñíguez/Jiménez], son of [IÑIGO --- & his wife ---] or son of [JIMENO & his wife ---] ([788/90]-[851/52]). 2. GARCÍA Iñíguez ([810]-killed by Arabs [Lumberri] 882[57], bur Leire Monastery). 3. FORTÚN García, son of GARCÍA I Iñíguez King of Pamplona & his first wife Urraca --- ([830]-after 905).