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Alfonso III de Asturias "El Grande"


Preferred Parents:
Father: Ordoño de Asturias I, b. ABT 821 in Oviedo, Asturias, Spain   d. 27 MAY 866 in Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
Mother: Nuna o Munia de Viero, b. aproximadamente 0810 in Espanha   d. in España

Family 1: Jimena Garcés di Pamplona,    b. 848 in Spain    d. junio de 0912 in Oviedo, España
  1. Ordoño de León II, b. aproximadamente 0873 in Asturias, Spain     d. 3 JUN 924 in León, León, Castilla y León, Spain
Sources:
  1. Title: Alfonso III “el Magno”
    Publication: Name: https://www.geni.com/people/Alfonso-III-el-Magno-rey-de-Asturias/6000000003741916756;
  2. Title: Wikipedia (english)- Alfonso III Rey d'Asturias
    Author: España Sagrada. Memorias de los insignes monasterios de San Julián de Samos, y San Vicente de Monforte. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Alphonso s.v. Alphonso III." . Encyclopædia Britannica. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 734. ^ R. A. Fletcher, Saint James's Catapult: The Life and Times of Diego Gelmírez of Santiago de Compostela (Oxford, 1984), 317–23.
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_III_of_Asturias;
    Note: Alfonso III (c. 848 – 20 December 910), called the Great (Spanish: el Magno), was the king of León, Galicia and Asturias from 866 until his death. He was the son and successor of Ordoño I. In later sources he is the earliest to be called "Emperor of Spain." He was also titled "Prince of all Galicia" (Princeps totius Galletiae[1]). Life Alfonso's reign was notable for his comparative success in consolidating the kingdom during the weakness of the Umayyad princes of Córdoba. He fought against and gained numerous victories over the Muslims of al-Andalus.[2] During the first year of his reign, he had to contend with a usurper, Count Fruela of Galicia. He was forced to flee to Castile, but after a few months Fruela was assassinated and Alfonso returned to Oviedo. He defeated a Basque rebellion in 867 and, much later, a Galician one as well. He conquered Oporto and Coimbra in 868 and 878 respectively. In about 869, he formed an alliance with the Kingdom of Pamplona, and solidified this link by marrying Jimena, who is thought to have been daughter of king García Íñiguez, or less likely, a member of the Jiménez dynasty, and also married his sister Leodegundia to a prince of Pamplona. In the Reconquista[edit] The following year, 867, Alfonso had to attend to an uprising in the eastern part of the kingdom, in Alava, according to the Chronicle of Albeda. According to the Chronicle of Sampiro, the revolt was led by Count Eylo. Sampiro describes these events as follows: A messenger arrived from Álava, announcing that their hearts had inflated against the king: hearing that, the monarch decided to march there. Driven by the fear of their arrival, they quickly recognized their obligations and supplicants, lowered their heads before him and promised that they would remain faithful to his kingdom and authority, and that they would do what was commanded. In this way he submitted to his power an Alava lying before him, and Eylo, who presented himself as his count, brought him to Oviedo loaded with iron. Martínez Díez (2005), p. 220 His father, Ordoño, had begun the repopulation of the border territories and Alfonso continued with it. His first successes were in Portuguese lands, where King Alfonso's troops succeeded in locating the southwestern frontier on the Mondego river. Count Vimara Perez in 868 conquered Oporto and repopulated the district. In 878, the army of King Alfonso III, with Count Hermenegildo Gutiérrez in command, faced the Muslim forces led by the emir of Cordoba, Mohammad I, who had started an attack against Oporto. After defeating the emir's forces and expelling the Muslim inhabitants of Coimbra and Oporto, Gutiérrez' Christian troops occupied and repopulated other cities, such as Braga, Viseo and Lamego, with men taken from Galicia. Coimbra, Lamego and Viseo were conquered again in 987 by Almanzor and it was not until 1064 when they were finally reconquered by King Ferdinand I of León. Alfonso III had to face the offensive of the Umayyad prince al-Mundir, son of Mohamed I. Fighting occurred almost constantly between 875 and 883. The first Umayyad raids were aimed at León and El Bierzo, but failed. The Christian counteroffensive ended with the taking of Deza and Atienza. Abd al-Rahman ibn Marwan, the Galician, Lord of Mérida and rebel against the Emir of Córdoba, sent him to ingratiate himself with him to the Minister of this, Hashim ibn Abd al-Aziz.[clarification needed] Accordingly, in 878, Al-Mundir directed his armies back to Leon and Astorga, while Salid ben Ganim reached the Órbigo. Alfonso, hoping to prevent the union of both armies, went out to meet the second, which he defeated in the battle of Polvoraria, at the confluence of the Órbigo and Esla rivers. Al-Mundir then withdrew, but Alfonso III intercepted him in the valley of Valdemora, where he defeated him. Mohamed was forced to pay ransom and sign a three-year truce, the first time that Córdoba had asked for peace. Both kings considered the truce as a pause while preparing for the next assault: Mohamed raised a fleet to attack Galicia, but it was destroyed by a storm. Alfonso and Ibn Marwan descended through the Tagus Valley and defeated the Cordovan army on Mount Oxifer, next to the Guadiana River. As revenge, Mohamed attacked the kingdom of Zaragoza in 882, where Alfonso had sent his son Ordoño to be educated with the Banu Qasi, sons of Musa, advancing through the ancient Roman road to Leon. There was an exchange of prisoners and the Cordovans withdrew. They repeated the campaign in 883 with the same result. In 884 Mohamed I and Alfonso III signed a peace, since both began to have serious internal problems. The great king was met with a rising led by his brothers Fruela, Odoario and Bermudo, who became strong in Astorga, supported by several counts, but were quickly defeated and executed. In 901 the Umayyad rebel Ibn al-Qitt proclaimed Mahdi, preached holy war and attacked Zamora - "rebuilt and repopulated by Mozarabic Toledo [...] the most important advanced square of the Asturian kingdom" - which he was able to resist. The messianic leader, abandoned by his own, was defeated and killed in battle on what is known as the Day of Zamora. In those years, the emirate of Cordoba, wracked by civil disorder, stopped disturbing the kingdom of Asturias. Alonso faced off against his former allies in Mérida and the Ebro valley: allied with the Count of Pallars, he instigated a coup that managed to defeat the Banu Qasi and install a Navarrese, Sancho Garcés I, on the throne of Pamplona. He ordered the creation of three chronicles which presented the theory that the kingdom of Asturias was the rightful successor of the old Visigothic kingdom. He was also a patron of the arts, like his grandfather before him. He built the church of Santo Adriano de Tuñón. According to a letter of disputed authenticity dated to 906, the Epistola Adefonsi Hispaniae regis, Alfonso arranged to purchase an "imperial crown" from the cathedral of Tours.[3] In 909, Alfonso relocated the seat of his government to Oviedo. According to Sampiro, his sons (García, Ordoño, Gonzalo, Fruela and Ramiro) conspired against him, under the influence of García's father-in-law. Alfonso had García imprisoned but the conspirators were able to free him and he fled to Boiges. However, Alfonso later convinced García to join him in a campaign against the Moors. Alfonso died in Zamora of natural causes in 910, having reigned for 44 years. Ibn Hayyan likewise tells of an uprising, but says that Alfonso himself was imprisoned. Following his death, the kingdom was divided amongst his sons: his eldest son, García, became king of León; the second son, Ordoño, reigned in Galicia; and Fruela received Asturias with Oviedo as his capital. These lands would be reunited when García died childless and León passed to Ordoño, while on Ordoño's death the lands were reunited under Fruela. However, Fruela's death the next year initiated a series of internecine struggles that led to unstable succession for over a century. Culture He convened the second Oviedo Council in 893. He ordered the elaboration of the Cross of Victory, which is included in the current flag of Asturias, which has become a symbol of the Principality. The Cross was made by goldsmiths from the Frankish kingdom. It ordered its elaboration[clarification needed] at the beginning of the tenth century, as a donation to the Cathedral of San Salvador. Today it is kept in the Holy Chamber of the Cathedral of Oviedo and a copy hangs on the bridge of Cangas de Onís. The discovery of the sepulcher of Santiago made Compostela the second apostolic seat after Rome, with authority over clerics from other Christian counties. Santiago became a destination for pilgrims, true transmitters of culture. With respect to the Asturian art, Alfonso's reign saw the post-Tramuntana stage of Asturian pre-Romanesque architecture, such as San Salvador de Valdediós, Santo Adriano de Tuñón and the basilica of Santiago de Compostela. He ordered the writing of three chronicles in which he remakes history, presenting the kingdom of Asturias as the heir of the Visigothic kingdom: The Albeldense Chronicle (c. 881). The prophetic Chronicle (c. 883). The Chronicle of the Visigoth Kings or Chronicle of Alfonso III (c. 911).
  3. Title: https://www.geni.com/people/Alfonso-III-el-Magno-rey-de-Asturias/600000000374191675
  4. Title: Royal history of Portugal and Span
    Publication: Name: https://www.friesian.com/perifran.htm#spain;
  5. Title: Wikipedia (Spanish)- Alfonsi III, Rey de Asturias
    Publication: Name: http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_III_de_Asturias;
    Note: Alfonso III de Asturias, llamado el Magno (c. 852 - Zamora, 20 de diciembre del 910),1​ fue rey de Asturias desde 866 hasta poco antes de su defunción, ocurrida en 910. Hijo y sucesor de Ordoño I y de su esposa, la reina Nuña, Alfonso III fue el último rey asturiano, o el primero de León, ya que en esta ciudad residió largas temporadas, y allí tenía su Consejo de Gobierno y Tribunal de Justicia. Desde su ascenso al poder hubo de hacer frente a una serie de problemas internos: revueltas nobiliarias, conatos de rebelión en la propia dinastía, como el caso de su hermano, el infante Bermudo Ordóñez. Llevó a cabo una fuerte actividad repobladora, acogiendo a una importante inmigración mozárabe, y consolidó el Duero como frontera meridional del reino, en torno a las plazas fuertes de Toro y Zamora. Luchó enérgicamente contra los musulmanes, a los que derrotó en Polvoraria. Rechazó la yihad del rebelde omeya Ibn al-Qitt y pactó con Ibn Marwán al-Yalliqi, valí de Mérida. Se casó entre mayo y diciembre de 873 con Jimena Garcés,2​ cuya estirpe todavía se discute, aunque probablemente era hija de García Íñiguez de Pamplona.3​ De este matrimonio nacieron los tres primeros reyes propiamente leoneses, García, Ordoño y Fruela, que ya en vida de su padre gobernaron la frontera centro-oriental (la futura Castilla), Galicia y Portugal, y Asturias, respectivamente. El rey Alfonso III de Asturias inició la idea imperial en el siglo ix. En 867 confirma como Adefonsus totius Hispaniae imperator. En 877 aparece como Adefonsus Hispaniae imperator y en 906 como Adefonsus...Hispaniae rex. Varios de sus descendientes también adoptaron el título imperial.4​ Sus últimos años de reinado son oscuros. Por motivos desconocidos, su primogénito García trató de derrocarlo, lo que logró finalmente con el concurso de sus hermanos. Alfonso III abdicó, aunque conservó el título real, y murió en Zamora, al parecer tras emprender una última incursión en territorio musulmán..... ....Muerte y sepultura Sarcófago de Astorga, que contuvo los restos de Alfonso III el Magno. Museo Arqueológico Nacional. Madrid. Alfonso III falleció en la ciudad de Zamora el 20 de diciembre del 910 a medianoche.25​20​ Su cadáver fue conducido a la ciudad de Astorga y enterrado en la catedral de dicha ciudad, en la que posteriormente sería sepultada su esposa, la reina Jimena de Asturias quien falleció dos años después en 912. Sus restos fueron depositados en el sarcófago de Astorga, hallado en el municipio leonés de San Justo de la Vega, y que desde el año 1869 se halla expuesto en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional, ubicado en Madrid. Posteriormente, en el año 986, los restos de Alfonso III y los de su esposa fueron trasladados, por orden del rey Bermudo II de León, a la ciudad de Oviedo, pues el monarca leonés temía que los restos mortales de ambos fuesen profanados por las tropas musulmanas dirigidas por Almanzor, que en esos momentos avanzaban hacia el reino de León,26​ siendo depositados en el panteón de reyes de la capilla de Nuestra Señora del Rey Casto de la catedral de Oviedo, donde se hallaban sepultados numerosos miembros de la realeza asturleonesa...... ......Matrimonio y descendencia Inscripción del año 875 en la fortaleza de Alfonso III Contrajo matrimonio con Jimena de Asturias, cuya filiación no está confirmada, aunque algunos historiadores consideran que fue hija del rey García Íñiguez de Pamplona y hermana del rey Fortún Garcés.3​ La boda se habría celebrado entre el 28 de mayo y el 20 de diciembre de 873. En 874 ambos suscribieron la donación de una cruz de oro a la iglesia de Santiago.3​ Fruto de su matrimonio nacieron: García I de León (875-914), el primogénito,27​28​ rey de León. Ordoño II de León (876-924).28​ Rey de Galicia y posteriormente de León tras heredar el trono leonés a la muerte de su hermano mayor.29​ Fruela II de León (c. 877-925).28​ Rey de Asturias y posteriormente de León. Gonzalo (m. c. 920).28​ Confirmó en numerosos privilegios de la época, emitidos por sus padres y hermanos, y fue arcediano de la catedral de Oviedo.28​ Algunos autores señalan que probablemente estaría sepultado en el panteón de reyes de la Catedral de Oviedo. Ramiro (m. 929).30​ Pudo haber heredado el trono del reino de Asturias cuando su hermano Fruela sucedió al hermano de ambos, Ordoño II, en el reino leonés.31​32​b​ Según Jaime de Salazar y Acha, es posible que haya contraído matrimonio con la reina Urraca, viuda de su hermano Fruela.30​ Manuel Carriedo Tejedo no comparte esa opinión y dice que esa confusión se debe a una malinterpretación de Pelayo, obispo de Oviedo.31​ Según la inscripción en su sepulcro en el panteón de reyes de la Catedral de Oviedo, falleció el 31 de marzo de 929.31​
  6. Title: Alternate source
    Publication: Name: https://www.geni.com/people/Alfonso-III-el-Magno-rey-de-Asturias/6000000003741916756;
  7. Title: Wikipedia
    Publication: Name: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_III_de_Asturias#Matrimonio_y_descendencia;
  8. Title: O romance do romancista: vida de Camillo Castello Branco -ascending line of kings of Astoria DESCENDENTE DE BERMUDO, p. 15
    Author: aqui o link que dá para ler o livro gratuitamente pela biblioteca mundial, ou em full text texto cheio, que você pode fazer a busca pelo control +f https://archive.org/details/camilloasuavida00brangoog/page/n28/mode/2up?q=Bermudo+I BOOK: "O romance do romancista: vida de Camillo Castello Branco" By Alberto Pimentel Year of publishing: 1890 Pages 14 - 16
    Publication: Name: https://books.google.com/books?id=WG1JAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=loppo+martim+pimentel&source=bl&ots=Qx00T0uBjg&sig=90icTYQa3vZV9nncTCmVwImeRRQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiArrCogZ7eAhWQxIMKHeILChUQ6AEwC3oECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=loppo%20martim%20pimentel&f=false;
    Note: I’M NOT SURE HOW RELIABLE THIS SOURCE IS. A arvore genealogica de Camillo Castello Branco, pelo que respeita aos appellidos Correia Botelho Castello Branco, que eram os de seu pai, foi reconstruida segundo um manuscripto que possuia o conselheiro Jeronymo Pimentel, a quem devo o prazer de poder publical-o: Fruela - irmão de Affonso 1, genro de Pelagio fundador da monarchia de Oviedo e Leão, foi casado com … e teve a Vermudo ou Bermudo - 8. rei de Oviedo, que apesar de ter ordens sacras casou com Nunita e teve a Ramiro 1. - 10 rei de Oviedo, que casou e teve a Ordonho 1. - 11 rei de Oviedo, de quem naseu D. Affonso 3. - 12 rei de Oviedo, que falleceu em 910, foi casado com … de quem teve, entre ooutros filhos que succederam uns aos outros no throno, a D. Fruela 2. - 15. rei de Oviedo e Leão, que falleceu em 924, e, sendo casado com D. Nunita Ximena, teve tres filhos, sendo um d’elles O infante D. Ordonho, o cego, a quem D. Ramiro 2. mandou tirar os olhos; casou com D. Christina, filha do rei Bermudo de Navarra, de quem teve, entre outros filhos, ao Conde D. Ordonho, - que vivia em 1047; casou com D. Urraca Garcia, filha de D. Garcia Fernandes, senhor de Aza e Conde de Lara; d’elles nasceu D. Alvaro Ordonho - senhor de Pino e d’outras terras nas Asturias, que, sendo casado, teve a D. Nuno Alvares das Asturias - que de sua mulher teve a D. Fernão Nunes das Asturias - que casou com D. Fruvilla, senhora da case e torre de Novaes na Galliza, em tiveram a D. Affonso Fernandes de Novaes - que veio para Portugal no tempo do Conde D. Henrique; do seu casamento com D. Maria Rodrigues Biedena nasceu D. Fernando Affonso - que casou com D. Thereza Viegas e tiveram a D. Vasco Fernandes de Novaes - que do seu casamento com D. Aldia Martins teve a D/ Martim Fernandes de Novaes Pimentel - que esteve na conquista de Sevilha em 1248 e casou tres vezes, sendo a ultima com D. Constança Fernandes de Riba-Vizella, filha de D. Martim Fernandes de Riba-Vizella e de D. Estevainha Soares, irmã do arcebispo de Braga D. Estevão Soares da Silva e filha de D. Sueiro Pires Escacha da Silva. D’este consorcio teve a D. Vasco Martins Pimentel - que foi Merinho-mór de Portugal e do conselho de el-rei D. Affonso 3 e seu valido. Casou com Maria Annes de Fornellos, filha de João Martins de Fornellos, de qual nasceu D. Affonso Vasques Pimentel - irmão de D. Lourenço Vasques Pimentel, mestre da ordem de S. Thiago’ casou com D. Sancha, filha de Fernão Esteves de Maceira Pintalho e de D. Maria Nunes, e d’ella nasceu D. João Afffonso Pimentel - casado com D. Constança Rodrigues de Moraes, que tiveram a D. Rodrigo Affonso Pimentel - casado com D. Lourença da Fonseca, e d’elles nasceu D. João Affonso Pimentel - 1. conde de Benavente e casado com D. Joanna Tello de Menezes, da qual houve a D. Martim Gonçalves Pimentel - que casou com D. Ignez Gomes e tiveram a D. Lopo Martins da Mesquita - casado com D. Maria Affonso, de quem nasceu D. Fernão Martins da Mesquita - casado com D. Brites Mendes, que tiveram a D. Lopo Martins da Mesquita - que foi casado com D. Genebra de Azevedo e d’ella teve a D. Izabel de Mesquita Pimentel - que casou com Pedro de Niza, morgado de Lordello, proximo a Villa Real e tiveram a Ruy de Niza de Mesquita - que casou com D. Anna Coronel de Castro, nascendo d’esse casamento Pedro de Niza de Mesquita - morgado de Lordello, que casou com D. Francisca da Silva, filha de Rodrigo da Silva, capitão mór de Guimarães, e d’ella nasceu Ruy Rodrigo de Niza - que foi casado com Felippa Botelho, filha de Manoel Botelho e de D. Maria Guedes, de Villa Real, e teve a Manuel Correia Botelho - que, casando com D. Catharina de Mello, teve a Manuel Correia Botelho - casado com D. Luiza Maria de Menezes, da qual nasceu Domingos José Correia Botelho - casado com D. Rita Thereza Margarida de Castello Branco, da qual nasceu: Manoel Joaquim Botelho Castello Branco - que teve a Camillo Castello Branco, Visconde de Correia Botelho.
  9. Title: https://www.geni.com/people/Alfonso-III-el-Magno-rey-de-Asturias/6000000003741916756
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