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Plectrudis


Preferred Parents:
Father: Hugobert Seneschall der Merowinger, b. 641 in Echternach, Echternach, Luxembourg   d. AFT 14 MAR 697 in Laon, Kingdom of Austrasia, Gaul, Roman Empire
Mother: Irmine D'oeren, b. in Roman Empire   d. 25 DEC 704 in Trier, Moselgau, Frankenreich

Family 1: Pépin d'Herstal Maior Domus,    b. 645 in Herstal, Lieja, Bélgica    d. 16 de diciembre de 0714 in Jupille-sur-Meuse, Lieja, Bélgica
  1. Drogo dux der Burgunder und dux der Champagne, b. ABT 674 in Of Heristal, Liege, Belgium     d. 24 MAR 708 in Kingdom of Austrasia, Gaul
Sources:
  1. Title: Find a Grave: Plectrude of Bavaria
    Publication: Name: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/84468539/Plectrude-of%20Bavaria;
    Note: Plectrude of Bavaria BIRTH unknown Munich (München), Stadtkreis München, Bavaria (Bayern), Germany DEATH unknown Germany BURIAL Sankt Maria im Kapitol Cologne, Stadtkreis Köln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany MEMORIAL ID 84468539 Plectrude was the wife of Pepin of Herstal, the mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks. She was the daughter of Hugobert, seneschal of Clovis IV, and Irmina of Oeren. Plectrude has been described as politically active and influential upon her husband and his reign. She tried to ensure that her grandchildren ( both her sons by Pepin predeceased him) would inherit and she got Pepin's assent that Theudoald would be his main heir. When Pepin died soon in 714, she imprisoned his dangerous illegitimate son Charles "The Hammer" Martel in Cologne. Charles escaped and been acclaimed mayor by the nobles of that kingdom. In 717, Charles chased Chilperic II, king of the Franks, and Ragenfrid, his mayor of the palace to Paris before turning back to deal with Plectrude in Cologne. He took the city and dispersed her adherents. Plectude died later in 717 in the Abbey she founded, St. Maria im Kapitol in Cologne. Family Members Parents Photo Hugobert von Echternach 645–697 Photo Irmina d'Oeren 650–704 Spouse Pepin II of Herstal 635–714 Siblings Photo Gisele d'Aquitaine Children Photo Drogo of Champagne
  2. Title: PLECTRUDIS - Medlands - FMG
    Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/FRANKSMaiordomi.htm#PlectrudisMPepin;
  3. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: PLECTRUDIS
    Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/FRANKSMaiordomi.htm#PlectrudisMPepin;
    Note: a) HUGOBERT [Hubert] (-after 14 Mar 697). The Conversione S. Huberti Comitis names “comes palatii Hubertus” and “amita sua Oda…Boggis Aquitanorum Ducis recens defuncti relicta vidua.” The Vita Landiberto episcopi Traiectensis of Nicolas names "sub Theoderico rege comes palatii Hugbertus." "Childebertus rex Francorum" names "Hociobercthus comite palacii nostro" in his charter dated 14 Mar 697. The Conversione S. Huberti Comitis names “comes palatii Hubertus” under “Theodorico rege.” m [IRMINA, daughter of ---. Abbess of Oeren.] i) PLECTRUDIS (-after 717, bur Köln, St Maria im Kapitol). "Pippinus" names "matrona mea Plectrudis, filia Huogoberti quondam" in his two charters dated 13 May 706. The Liber Historiæ Francorum names "Pippino…uxor nobilissima…Plectrudis" but does not give her origin. After the death of her husband, she "took everything under her control." The Monumenta Epternacensia records that "Raginfredum maiorem domus" married "Plectrudem." She was regent for her grandson Theodebald, but opposed by her stepson Charles "Martel" whom she imprisoned. He escaped, and defeated the forces of Plectrudis at Vinchy, near Cambrai, 28 May 717. She founded St Maria im Kapitol at Köln. m ([670/75]) as his first wife, PEPIN [II] "le Gros" or "d'Herstal," son of ANSEGISEL & his wife Begga ([645/50]-Jupille, near Liège 16 Dec 714, bur Metz, basilique de Saint-Arnoul).
  4. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Plectrudis - birth-name: Plectrudis
    Author: Encyclopédie généalogique des maisons souveraines du monde, Sirjean, Gaston, Paris: Gaston Sirjean, 1959-1966, Family History Library (FHL), Family History Library (FHL), 35 North West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150-3400 USA, 35 North West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, 84150-3400, 801-240-1000, Page number: vol. 1 pt. 1 p. 38
    Note: birth-name: Plectrudis Medieval Families Unit bibliography #236. death: Medieval Families Unit bibliography #236.
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3247395169
  5. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Plectrudis - death:
    Author: Europaische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der europaischen Staaten. Neue Folge, Schwennicke, Detlev, Marburg: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, c1978-1995 (v. 1-16) -- Frankfurt am Main: Vittorio Klostermann, c1998- Medieval Families bibliography #552., Family History Library (FHL), Family History Library (FHL), 35 North West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150-3400 USA, 35 North West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, 84150-3400, 801-240-1000, Page number: Band 1.1 Tafel 3
    Note: death: TITLE: Continues: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europaischen Staaten. AFGS 3 _TAG3 YES AFGS 3 _TAG4 YES
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3247395180
  6. Title: Online Dictionary of Dutch Women: PLECTRUDIS -in English
    Publication: Name: http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Plectrudis/en;
    Note: PLECTRUDIS (died Cologne, after 717), wife of Pippin II. Daughter of Hugobert and Irmina (?), abbess of Oeren. Plectrudis married Pippin II (the Middle) (died 714), Mayor of the Palace (major-domo) of Austrasia and later also of Neustria, probably between 670 and 675. The couple had at least 2 sons. Plectrudis came from a noble family that owned land in the Eifel and near Cologne. In the Frankish kingdom of Austrasia, her family was certainly as distinguished as the Arnulfingen/Pippiniden family to which her husband belonged. Thanks to her support for Willibrord’s work and her determined behaviour after the death of her husband, we know more about Plectrudis than about most of her female contemporaries. In all probability Plectrudis was of royal blood. There is a text referring to one Plectrudis, sister of Adela, abbess and founder of the convent at Pfalzel (died c. 735), who was related to the Merovingian royal house. If this identification is correct, Plectrudis would have brought to her marriage not only extensive lands but also blood royal. Marriage Plectrudis married Pippin, ‘hofmeier’ (major-domo) in Austrasia and later also in Neustria, the two most important regions within the Frankish kingdom. Neustria comprised more or less the area between the rivers Loire and Scheldt, while Austrasia covered the basins of the rivers Moselle, Meuse, and the Middle and Lower Rhine. Neustria had long been the most powerful part of the kingdom, but with the rise of Pippin, Austrasia became more important. The date of their marriage is not recorded, but if we consider that Drogo, the eldest son of Plectrudis and Pippin, married shortly after 690 – by which time he must have come of age – we may deduce that their marriage took place some time between 670 and 675. His marriage to Plectrudis was of great importance to Pippin, who thereby allied himself with an influential family who could support him in his position within Austrasia and subsequently within the entire Frankish kingdom. Plectrudis played an important part in Pippin’s policies. She appears as joint signatory in every legal instrument of Pippin II of which we have the entire text; evidently, she was involved in drawing up these documents. They record transactions of property that Plectrudis had brought to the marriage, as well as property that had been in the possession of Pippin’s family for years. In the seventh and eighth centuries, participating in the administration of property and influencing the policies of one’s husband was not unusual for aristocratic Frankish women, but we know of no other case in which it was so apparent. Interestingly, such political commitment on the part of wives in the upper echelons of the Frankish kingdom seems to have disappeared after Pippin II. Plectrudis’s great involvement in political affairs has been neglected in the narrative sources dating from the time of Charles Martel (died 714) and later Carolingians. Those texts suggest that Plectrudis became politically active only after the death of her husband, when she was trying to thwart Charles Martel. Charles Martel Charles Martel was a son of Pippin II by another wife. Little is known of Martel’s mother except that her name was Alpaida. Presumably Pippin’s other marriage also served to strengthen his position, since marriages were an effective way of cementing ties between important families. Political expediency led not only to the repudiation of wives but also to the practice of polygamy. The latter was probably the case with Pippin: Charles Martel was younger than Plectrudis’s sons, so presumably Pippin married Alpaida later. In this context it seems likely that Charles Martel’s contemporaries saw him as a legitimate son of Pippin, and not as the illegitimate son that later authors made him out to be. Plectrudis’s involvement in Pippin’s affairs is apparent from the material support they gave to Willibrord. Plectrudis and Pippin supported Willibrord in many ways, such as giving him land in the Meuse Valley (the convent of Susteren), the province of Brabant, the area between the great rivers (Meuse and Waal/Rhine) and Utrecht. This support was connected with political power struggles motivated by the desire to expand and consolidate the status and influence of the family through ties with ecclesiastical institutions. The expansion of power to the north that is apparent from Pippin’s gift of land to Willibrord resulted in clashes with the Frisian sovereign Radbod. After at least one armed conflict, Radbod and Pippin reached an agreement that was concluded with the marriage (in 712?) of Grimoald, Plectrudis and Pippin’s only surviving son, to Radbod’s daughter Theudesinda. In 714 – shortly before Pippin’s death – Grimoald was murdered in Liège, which sparked a crisis of succession. Grimoald’s underage son Theudoald was named ‘hofmeier’ (major-domo) of Neustria. When Pippin died later that year, Plectrudis assumed the position of regent. Another grandson – Arnulf, probably the son of Drogo – appears to have acquired a leading position in Austrasia. Charles Martel, a possible successor to Pippin, was imprisoned on the orders of Plectrudis. Pippin’s treasure After Pippin’s death, the Neustrian nobles attempted to regain their former position within the Frankish kingdom, to which end they formed an alliance with Radbod of Friesland. On 26 September 715 the army of Theudoald and Plectrudis suffered a crushing defeat near Compiègne at the hands of the Neustrians. Plectrudis fled to Cologne, where she could count on the support of her relatives. There she still had at her disposal ‘Pippin’s treasure’, no doubt a great store of gold and valuables with which she could buy the allegiance of allies. In the meantime, Charles Martel had escaped from prison and launched his own war of succession, probably supported at first only by his mother’s family. However, after a successful attack on Neustrian forces at Amblève near Liège in April 716, the tide began to turn. This and subsequent victories won growing support for Charles among the Austrasian nobles. In the following decades he steadily expanded his base of power within the Frankish kingdom, thereby laying the foundations for the success of later Carolingian rulers. Plectrudis and Charles were reconciled, although she was obliged to relinquish Pippin’s treasure, thereby losing her last trump card. She retired to a religious community attached to a church she herself had founded, Sankta Maria im Kapitol in Cologne. The date of her death there is unrecorded. Reference work(s) Lexikon des Mittelalters;Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche; Neue deutsche Biographie. Bibliography Continuationes ad Fredegarii chronicon [usque ad a. 768], B. Krusch ed., in: Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum 2 (Hannover 1888) 168-193 [translation in: The fourth book of the Chronicle of Fredegar with its continuations, J.M. Wallace-Hadrill ed. (London 1960)]. Liber Historiae Francorum, B. Krusch ed., in: Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores rerum Merovingicarum 2 (Hannover 1888) 238-328. Annales Mettenses priores, B. de Simson ed., in: Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Scriptores rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum (Hannover and Leipzig 1905) 1-98. Eduard Hlawitschka, ‘Zu den klösterlichen Anfängen in St. Maria im Kapitol zu Köln’, Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter 31 (1966-1967) 1-16. Silvia Konecny, Die Frauen des karolingischen Königshauses. Die politische Bedeutung der Ehe und die Stellung der Frau in der fränkischen Herrscherfamilie vom 7. bis zum 10. Jahrhundert (Wenen 1976). Matthias Werner, Adelsfamilien in Umkreis der frühen Karolinger. Die Verwandschaft Irminas von Oeren und Adelas von Pfalzel (Sigmaringen 1982). Ingrid Heidrich, ‘Von Plectrud zu Hildegard. Beobachtungen zum Besitzrecht adliger Frauen im Frankenreich des 7. und 8. Jahrhunderts und zur politischen Rolle der Frauen der frühen Karolinger’, Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter 52 (1988) 1-15. A.G. Weiler, Willibrord’s missie. Christendom en cultuur in de zevende en achtste eeuw (Hilversum 1989). Jörg Jarnut, Ulrich Nonn and Michael Richter ed., Karl Martell in seiner Zeit (Sigmaringen 1994) [especially the contributions of Joch, Gerberding, Ebling and Schieffer]. Régine Le Jan, Famille et pouvoir dans le monde Franc (VIIe - Xe siècle). Essai d’anthropologie sociale (Parijs 1995). Paul Fouracre and Richard A. Gerberding, Late Merovingian France: history and hagiography 640-720 (Manchester 1996) [with translation of some important sources]. Régine Le Jan, ‘Convents, violence and competition for power in seventh-century Francia’, in: Mayke B. de Jong, Frans Theuws and Carine van Rhijn ed., Topographies of power in the early Middle Ages (Leiden 2001) 243-269. Die Urkunden der Arnulfinger, Ingrid Heidrich ed. (Bad Münstereifel 2001). Illustration Gravestone of Plectrudis in the church of Sankt Maria im Kapitol in Cologne. Author: Wolfert S. van Egmond last updated: 13/01/2014
  7. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Plectrudis - birth-name: Plectrudis
    Author: La Prehistoire des Capetiens, Settipani, Christian, ??: Villeneuve d'Ascq, Page number: p. 154, tableau 4
    Note: birth-name: Plectrudis AFGS 1 _TAG2 aka-name: Belletrudis, Plectrude, Plektrudis AFGS 1 _TAG2
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3247395198
  8. Title: Online Dictionary of Netherlands: Plectrude - in Dutch
    Publication: Name: http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Plectrudis;
  9. Title: Wikipedia - Plectrude
    Author: "Called Bliththrydae by Bede (Ecclesiastical History V.11)" "Pippin II (d. 714) extended the family's influence further south by marrying Plectrude, whose family had founded the monastery at Echternach and controlled great tracts of land in the Ardennes and the middle Moselle region." Story, Joanna; et al. (2005). "Charlemagne's black marble: the origin of the epitaph of Pope Hadrian I". Papers of the British School at Rome. Vol. 73. pp. 157–190. P. 183 Joch, Waltraud (1999). Legitimität und Integration: Untersuchungen zu den Anfängen Karl Martells. Husum, Germany: Matthiesen Verlag. Gerberding, Richard A. (October 2002). "Review of Legitimität und Integration: Untersuchungen zu den Anfängen Karl Martells by Waltraud Joch". Speculum. Vol. 77, no. 4. pp. 1322–1323. "Plectrude of Bavaria (Unknown-718) - Find a Grave".
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plectrude;
    Note: Plectrude (Latin: Plectrudis; German: Plektrud, Plechtrudis)[1] (died 718) was the consort of Pepin of Herstal, the mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, from about 670. She was the daughter of Hugobert, seneschal of Clovis IV, and Irmina of Oeren. She was the regent of Neustria during the minority of her grandson Theudoald from 714 until 718. Biography Plectrude was described as politically active and influential upon her husband and his reign. She brought a large amount of property to the Arnulfing house.[2] During the reign of Pepin, she appears as his joint signatory in every legal instrument issued by him that is still preserved, which was unusual for this time period. Her son Grimoald was murdered in 714. She ensured Pepin II's assent that Theudoald, Grimoald's son, would be his main heir. When Pepin died soon thereafter, she took power in Neustria as regent of the under-age Theudoald. To ensure her reign, she imprisoned Charles Martel, Pepin II's son with his second wife Alpaida, in Cologne. Charles is often said to have been illegitimate, but this is considered by many today an anachronistic interpretation of his status. Charles' contemporaries most likely did not consider him illegitimate, as he was born while his mother Alpaida was married to Pepin the Frank, and noblemen practiced polygamy in this period.[3][4] In 715, the Neustrian nobility rebelled against her in alliance with Radbod of Friesland and defeated her in the Battle of Compiègne, which took place on September 26, 715, causing her to take refuge in Cologne. Cologne was the homeland of her family clan and where she kept Pepin's money. In 716, Chilperic II, the king of the Franks, and Ragenfrid, the mayor of the palace, led an army into Austrasia, near Cologne, where Plectrude had gone. They defeated her and freed Charles Martel. The king and his mayor then turned to besiege their other rival in the city and claimed it. The treasury shortly after received recognition by the king and mayor. The juncture of these events favored Charles. In 717, he chased the king and the mayor to Paris before turning back to deal with Plectrude in Cologne. He then took the city and dispersed her adherents. Plectrude entered a convent, and died shortly after in the same year in Cologne, where she was buried in the monastery of St. Maria im Kapitol which she had founded.[5] Issue Her sons by Pepin were: Drogo, duke of Champagne Grimoald, mayor of the palace of Neustria
  10. Title: Wikiwand: Plectrude
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Plectrude;
    Note: Plectrude (Latin: Plectrudis; German: Plektrud, Plechtrudis) (died 718) was the consort of Pepin of Herstal, the mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, from about 670. She was the daughter of Hugobert, seneschal of Clovis IV, and Irmina of Oeren. She was the regent of Neustria during the minority of her grandson Theudoald from 714 until 718. Biography Plectrude was described as politically active and influential upon her husband and his reign. She brought a large amount of property to the Arnulfing house. During the reign of Pepin, she appears as his joint signatory in every legal instrument issued by him that is still preserved, which was unusual for this time period. Her son Grimoald was murdered in 714. She ensured Pepin II's assent that Theudoald, Grimoald's son, would be his main heir. When Pepin died soon thereafter, she took power in Neustria as regent of the under-age Theudoald. To ensure her reign, she imprisoned Charles Martel, Pepin II's son with his second wife Alpaida, in Cologne. Charles is often said to have been illegitimate, but this is considered by many today an anachronistic interpretation of his status. Charles' contemporaries most likely did not consider him illegitimate, as he was born while his mother Alpaida was married to Pepin the Frank, and noblemen practiced polygamy in this period. In 715, the Neustrian nobility rebelled against her in alliance with Radbod of Friesland and defeated her in the Battle of Compiègne, which took place on September 26, 715, causing her to take refuge in Cologne. Cologne was the homeland of her family clan and where she kept Pepin's money. In 716, Chilperic II, the king of the Franks, and Ragenfrid, the mayor of the palace, led an army into Austrasia, near Cologne, where Plectrude had gone. They defeated her and freed Charles Martel. The king and his mayor then turned to besiege their other rival in the city and claimed it. The treasury shortly after received recognition by the king and mayor. The juncture of these events favored Charles. In 717, he chased the king and the mayor to Paris before turning back to deal with Plectrude in Cologne. He then took the city and dispersed her adherents. Plectude entered a convent, and she died shortly after in the same year in Cologne, where she was buried. Issue Her sons by Pepin were: Drogo, duke of Champagne Grimoald, mayor of the palace of Neustria
  11. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Plectrudis - birth-name: Plectrudis
    Author: Medieval Lands: A Prosopography of Medieval European Noble and Royal Families [database online], Cawley, Charles, http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, Page number: Franks Maiordomi 6/28/2006
    Note: birth-name: Plectrudis
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3247395200
  12. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Plectrudis - burial: ;
    Author: Histoire de la maison royale de France anciens barons du royaume: et des grands officiers de la couronne [Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of France], Saint-Marie, Anselme de, 3rd edition. 9 volumes. 1726. Reprint Paris: Editions du Palais Royal, 1967-1968, Family History Library (FHL), Family History Library (FHL), 35 North West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150-3400 USA, 35 North West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, 84150-3400, 801-240-1000, Page number: vol. 1 p. 22
    Note: burial: ; Medieval Families Unit bibliography #44.
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3247395178
  13. Title: Wikiwand: St. Maria im Kapitol
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/St._Maria_im_Kapitol;
    Note: St. Maria im Kapitol (St. Mary's in the Capitol) is an 11th-century Romanesque church located in the Kapitol-Viertel in the old town of Cologne, Germany. The Roman Catholic church is based on the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, was dedicated to St. Mary and built between 1040 and 1065. It is one of twelve Romanesque churches built in Cologne during this period. Measuring 100 m x 40 m and encompassing 4,000 square metres of internal space, St. Maria is the largest of the Romanesque churches in Cologne. Like many of the latter, it has an east end which is trefoil in shape, with three apses. It has a nave and aisles and three towers to the west. It is considered the most important work of German church architecture of the Salian dynasty. History Maria im Kapitol is said to have been built by Plectrudis, wife of Pippin in the 8th century. The foundations of a Roman temple from the late 1st century AD, dedicated to the Capitoline Triad, and those of a church from the year 690 AD, can be visited in the church's crypt. Works of art The church's works of art include: the wooden doors (from c. 1065) two ledgers of Plectrudis' sarcophagus (c. 1160 and 1280) Hermann-Josef-Virgin with the apple (c. 1180) Hardenrath chapel with choristers' tribune (second half of the 15th century) Virgin on a Throne (likely 1200) Plague crucifix (c. 1300)
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