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Íñigo Arista I Rey de Pamplona y V Rey de Sobrarbe



Preferred Parents:
Father: Iñigo Jiménez Of Pamplona,   
Mother: Onneca Of Pamplona , b. ABT 755   

Family 2: unknown ,      
  1. García Iñiguez de Pamplona, b. ABT 810 in Pamplona, Navarra, España     d. 870 in Lekunberri, Navarre Spain
Sources:
  1. Title: Ancestry Family Trees
    Author: Ancestry Family Tree
  2. Title: Wikipedia (Spanish) Íñigo Arista
    Publication: Name: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8D%C3%B1igo_Arista;
    Note: Íñigo Arista (Íñigo Íñiguez a​ o Íñigo Jímenez b​Ennego Ximeniz el “ariesta” por prenderse en batalla como una arista de trigo acercada al fuego) c​ (m. 851) fue el fundador de la dinastía Arista-Íñiga, y conde de Bigorra. Aunque tradicionalmente ha sido considerado el primer rey de Pamplona —así como el quinto rey del reino de Sobrarbe6​—, hoy muchos historiadores prefieren hablar de «reino en estado latente» para el territorio y sus pobladores que Arista y sus descendientes García Íñiguez y Fortún Garcés acaudillaron entre 824 y 905. 7​ Así pues, según esta interpretación estos tres miembros de la dinastía Íñiga fueron más bien caudillos (Buruzagien Buruzagia, en euskera: Caudillo de Caudillos o Jefe militar de jefes militares), y no reyes. En cualquier caso, Arista obtuvo el liderazgo con el apoyo de sus parientes, los Banu Qasi, e hizo frente a una expedición franca a la que derrotó en la segunda batalla de Roncesvalles. El origen del sobrenombre de Arista o Ariesta lo encontramos en el texto más antiguo conservado que habla de él, la Crónica pinatense:8​ E en tanto abivado et encorajado de haver batallas continuament con los moros que apenas estava un dia seguro. Et por esto metieronle sobrenombre Ariesta, porque assín como la ariesta. aplegada cerca el fuego en un moment crema, assín el dito rey don Ennego, sabiendo que los moros deviessen haver batallas con él, en un moment era con ellos; assín de las oras entaqua huvo nombre Ennego Ariesta. Familia Íñigo Arista fue hijo de Íñigo Jiménez, Buruzagi (en euskera: Caudillo o Jefe militar) del clan vascón de los Iñigos de Pamplona, y de Oneca. Su madre se casó con Musa ibn Fortún tras la muerte de su padre y, por este matrimonio, fue medio hermano de Musa ibn Musa.9​ Pudo estar casado con una hermana del conde aragonés Aznar I Galíndez,10​ aunque no se descarta la posibilidad de que fuese polígamo.11​ Antecedentes En el año 799, el gobernador de Pamplona, Mutarrif ibn Musa, miembro de la dinastía Banu Qasi, fue asesinado en una revuelta ciudadana que puso en el poder a un miembro de la familia Velasco. En el año 806, tanto navarros como pamploneses se sometieron a la autoridad carolingia.12​ Ludovico Pío envió una expedición en el año 812 contra Pamplona. A su regreso, los expedicionarios tomaron por rehenes a mujeres y niños para protegerse durante el paso del puerto de Roncesvalles.13​ Mandato Íñigo Arista llegó al caudillaje pamplonés con el apoyo de la familia Banu Qasi, en fecha indeterminada entre los años 810 y 820. Fue proclamado sobre la peña Oroel, en Jaca, por trescientos caballeros.14​ Según Eulogio de Córdoba, se tituló christicolae princeps.15​ El parentesco con los Banu Qasi permitió que Íñigo controlara la región comprendida entre Pamplona y los valles pirenaicos de Irati y Hecho. Alrededor del año 820, ayudó a García el Malo, su yerno, a hacerse con el condado de Aragón y sacudirse el control carolingio.16​ En el año 824, Ludovico Pío envió una segunda expedición contra Pamplona encabezada por los condes Eblo y Aznar Galíndez para tratar de restablecer el control franco. Los condes fueron derrotados en la segunda batalla de Roncesvalles por Íñigo Arista, quien recibió el apoyo de su pariente Musa ibn Musa y García el Malo.17​ Mientras que Aznar, quizá en virtud de su parentesco con Íñigo, fue puesto en libertad, Eblo fue enviado como prisionero a Córdoba.18​ En el año 841 fue víctima de una enfermedad que lo dejó paralítico. Su hijo, García Íñiguez, se ocupó de la regencia hasta la muerte de Íñigo en el año 851.14​ Durante la regencia de su hijo, el (futuro) reino de Pamplona colaboró con los Banu Qasi en la sublevación del año 843 contra el califato omeya, sofocada por Abderramán II, que implicó represalias andalusíes en tierras pamplonesas.19​ Descendencia Por su matrimonio o matrimonios, Íñigo Arista fue padre de: Asona Íñiguez, esposa de su tío Musa ibn Musa, medio hermano de Íñigo;20​ García Íñiguez, regente durante la invalidez de su padre y gobernante tras su muerte;20​ Galindo Íñiguez, quizá sobrino de Aznar I Galíndez,21​ que fue herido en batalla durante la sublevación de los Banu Qasi 19​ y fue padre de Musa ibn Galindo, valí de Huesca; Una hija de nombre desconocido casada con el conde García el Malo.20​ Notas En latín, Enneco Enneconis. En textos árabes de la historia hispanomusulmana publicados y traducidos sobre todo en el siglo XX hablan del señor de Pamplona (Íñigo Arista) como "Wenneqoh ibn Wenneqoh", es decir, "Íñigo, hijo de Íñigo". Esta denominación ha sido tomada por muchos historiadores de la época al pie de la letra nombrando Íñigo al padre de Íñigo Arista y adjudicándole a este por tanto el patronímico Íñigo Íñiguez1​. En latín, Enneco Xemenonis. Existe documentación medieval donde se le denomina hijo de Jimeno1​2​. En la genealogía de reyes de Pamplona del Códice de Roda no se le nombra con apellido, pero existe la hipótesis de que en el nº10 de dicha genealogía, donde se sigue la genealogía de García Jiménez nombrándole como hermano de Íñigo Jiménez, dicho Íñigo Jiménez sería el Íñigo Arista (nº1 de la lista), lo que daría cierta continuidad al listado y también demostraría el tronco común de las dinastías Íñiga y Jimena 3​. En el catálogo de reyes sepultados en Leyre del Libro de la Regla, también se nombra a Jimeno como padre de Íñigo Arista. Todo esto llevaría a nombrarle como Íñigo Jiménez A favor la hipótesis de Íñigo Íñiguez está la exactitud de los autores árabes de la época. Sin embargo, dichos autores hacían muchas referencias al linaje, no al padre en sí, como con los Banu Qasi o los Banu Alfonso, lo que lleva a pensar en la existencia de un linaje Íñigo que podría explicar esa denominación en los escritos árabes. En cuanto a la hipótesis de Íñigo Jiménez, la interpretación del Códice de Roda, no es más que eso, una hipótesis. Así mismo, existen dudas entre algunos historiadores de la veracidad de los documentos de Leyre donde se le nombra como hijo de Jimeno y, de igual manera, el Libro de la Regla es una documentación muy desautorizada por sus numerosos errores y modificaciones sobre el original4​5​.
  3. Title: Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-2015
    Publication: Name: https://search.ancestry.com/collections/9289/records/19823739;
  4. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy - Kings of Navarre
    Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NAVARRE.htm;
    Note: ÍÑIGO [II] [Iñíguez/Jiménez], son of [IÑIGO --- & his wife ---] or son of [JIMENO & his wife ---] ([788/90]-[851/52]). The sources are contradictory regarding the parentage of Íñigo "Arista". His parentage is indicated by Al-Udri who names "Yannaqo ibn Wanniqo" as "hermano de madre de Musa ibn Musa"[43]. The Arab historian Ibn Hayyân records the death in the Muslim year 237 (5 Jul 851/22 Jun 852 A.D.) of "Wannaqo ibn Wannaqo frère uterin et allié de Musa ibn Musa" and the accession of "son fils Garsiya…comme émir de Pampelune"[44]. However, other sources suggest that the king who reigned in Navarre at that time was the son of "Jimeno". The Codex de Roda names "Enneco cognomento Aresta" without naming his father or giving his patronymic[45]. Another passage in the same source records that "Garsea Scemenonis et Enneco Scemenonis" were brothers[46]. It is not certain that "Enneco cognomento Aresta" and "Enneco Scemenonis" in these two passages refer to the same person, but this is possible. The Libro de Regla of Leire Monastery, compiled in 1076, records that "filius eius…Enneco Xemenones" ruled for 22 years after "Eximinus Enecones", adding that his wife was "Oneca regina", that he died "era DCCCL", and that during his reign holy remains were transferred "ab Osca in monasterio Leioren"[47]. This source is confused, and contradicted by numerous other primary sources in many of the details which it records, but presumably this passage is intended to refer to Íñigo "Arista". "Enneco…rex, filius Simeonis" donated property to Leire by charter dated 18 Apr 842[48]. There is no reference in this document to the donor as "Arista" but, assuming that the document is genuine, it appears to be the only entirely contemporaneous document which names the king who ruled in Navarre during the first half of the 9th century so it should presumably be accorded the corresponding degree of respect. Whatever the correctness of his parentage, it appears that ÍÑIGO "Arista" [King] of Pamplona, established himself in [820/25], although no primary source has yet been found which confirms that this is correct. The Carolingian Franks, who first invaded the territory around Pamplona in 778, were finally driven out in 824. Rodrigo Ximénez de Rada, writing in the first half of the 13th century, records that "Enecho…Arista" came "ex Bigorriæ comitatu" and settled "ad plana Navarræ" and was chosen "regni…principatum" by the residents[49]. This appears inconsistent with the marriage of Íñigo´s mother to Musa Ibn Fortún, which is suggested by Ibn Hayyân (see above). If the Arab texts are to be believed, Íñigo allied himself with the Banu Qasi family, whose leader was his uterine half-brother according to the sources quoted above, presumably to consolidate his position. He was injured in the battle for Pamplona in which his brother Fortún was killed in 843[50]. The Chronicon Fontanellensis records that ambassadors from "Induonis et Mitionis Ducum Naverrorum" attended Charles II "le Chauve" King of the West Franks "in Vermeria Palatio" with gifts and agreed peace, dated to 851[51]. A footnote in the edition consulted notes that Marca, in his Historiæ Bearniæ, corrects the apparent reference to two individuals in this edition to "Inniconis Eminonis Duc. Navarr"[52]. Jaurgain records that Oïhenart suggests that the names should in fact be "Iniconis et Ximinonis", adding that they should be identified with "Eneco-Garcia et Semen-Garcia, neveux du souverain de Pamplone"[53]. This hypothesis is not acceptable from a chronological point of view. If the passage intends to refer to two individuals, it is more likely that they were Íñigo Iñíguez and Jimeno, father of García Jiménez (see above). However, Marca´s interpretation is more likely to be correct as no other record has been found which indicates that two kings reigned in Pamplona at the same time. Íñigo suffered from paralysis before he died[54]. m [ONECA], daughter of ---. The Libro de Regla of Leire Monastery, compiled in 1076, records that "filius eius…Enneco Xemenones" ruled for 22 years after "Eximinus Enecones", adding that his wife was "Oneca regina"[55]. This source is confused, and contradicted by numerous other primary sources in many of the details which it records. As noted above, it is not certain whether "Enneco Xemenones" is intended to refer to Íñigo "Arista". The wife of Íñigo "Arista" is not named in the Codex de Roda. Another possibility is that the wife of Íñigo was ---, daughter of Lubb ibn Musa. Ibn Hazm records that "Musa ibn Musa" arranged the marriages of "las hijas de su hermano Lubb ibn Musa" with "los hijos de Wanaqo ibn Sanyo, rey de los Vascos"[56]. No other reference to these possible marriages has been found. If they are correct, the chronology suggests that the bridegrooms must have been the sons of Íñigo [I], although it is not known whether they were Ínigo Iñíguez and Fortún Iñíguez or other otherwise unrecorded sons. Íñigo "Arista" & his wife had four children: 1. GARCÍA Iñíguez ([810]-killed by Arabs [Lumberri] 882[57], bur Leire Monastery) 2. GALINDO Iñíguez (-after 851). 3. ASSONA Iñíguez . 4. --- Iñíguez . The Codex de Roda names "Garsea Enneconis et domna Assona…et domna ---" as the children of "Enneco cognomento Aresta", stating that the unnamed daughter married "Garsea Malo"[91]. m (after [838]) as his second wife, GARCÍA [I] Galíndez “el Malo” Conde de Aragon, son of GALINDO Velázquez & his wife Faquilo --- (-before 858).
  5. Title: Wikipedia (English) -Íñigo Arista
    Author: Barrau-Dihigo, Lucien (1900). "Les origines du royaume de Navarre d'apres une théorie récente". Revue Hispanique (in French). 7 (21–22): 141–222. ISSN 9965-0355. Caro Baroja, Julio (1978). Sondeos históricos (in Spanish). San Sebastián: Txertoa. ISBN 9788471480385. Collins, Roger (1990). The Basques (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 0631175652. García Gómez, Emilio; Lévi-Provençal, Évariste (1954). "Textos inéditos del Muqtabis de Ibn Hayyan sobre los orígines del Reino de Pamplona". Al-Andalus (in Spanish). 19 (2): 295–316. ISSN 0304-4335. Granja, Fernando de la (1967). "La Marca Superior en la obra de Al-'Udri" (PDF). Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón. 8: 447–545. OCLC 694519776. Lacarra de Miguel, José María (1945). "Textos navarros del Códice de Roda" (PDF). Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón. 1: 193–284. OCLC 694519776. Lévi-Provençal, Évariste (1953). "Du nouveau sur le royaume de Pampelune au IXe siècle". Bulletin Hispanique (in French). Univers
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8D%C3%B1igo_Arista_of_Pamplona;
    Note: Íñigo Arista of Pamplona Íñigo Arista (Basque: Eneko, Arabic: ونّقه‎, Wannaqo, c. 790 – 851 or 852) was a Basque leader, considered the first King of Pamplona.[1][2] He is thought to have risen to prominence after the defeat of local Frankish partisans at the Battle of Pancorbo in 816, and his rule is usually dated from shortly after the defeat of a Carolingian army in 824. He is first attested by chroniclers as a rebel against the Emirate of Córdoba from 840 until his death a decade later. Remembered as the nation's founder, he would be referred to as early as the 10th century by the nickname "Arista",[3] coming either from Basque Aritza (Haritza/Aiza, literally 'the oak', meaning 'the resilient') or Latin Aresta ('the considerable').[4] Origin The origin of Íñigo Arista is obscure. There is even disagreement regarding the name of his father. A charter preserved at Leyre describes him as Enneco (Basque) ... filius Simeonis (Íñigo son of Jimeno) and another Leyre document reports the obituary of Enneco Garceanes, que fuit vulgariter vocas Areista (Íñigo Garcés [son of García], who is commonly called Arista). Many later historians have followed one or the other of these, but the reliability of both are questioned due to the possibility of later corruption or forgery. Eleventh century chroniclers Ibn Hayyan, who calls him and his brother ibn Wannaqo (Arabic: بن ونّقه‎, Íñiguez) al-Bascunis,[5][6] and Al-Udri, calling him ibn Yannaqo, both thus indicate that his father was likewise named Íñigo.[6] He is said by Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada (c. 1170–1247) to have been count of Bigorre, or at least to have come from there, but there is no near-contemporary evidence of this.[7] It has been speculated that he was kin to García Jiménez, who in the late 8th century succeeded his father Jimeno 'the Strong' in resisting Carolingian expansion into Vasconia. A second dynasty of Pamplona monarchs that would supplant his, the Jimena, are usually made to be related to him.[8] The name of Íñigo's mother is unknown (she is sometimes called Onneca, without foundation) but it is known that she also married local muwallad lord Musa ibn Fortun ibn Qasi, by him having a son Musa ibn Musa ibn Qasi.[a] This younger Musa would become head of the Banu Qasi, ruler of Tudela and one of the chief lords of Ebro Valley. Due to this relationship, Íñigo and his kin frequently acted in alliance with Musa ibn Musa, a relationship that allowed Íñigo to extend his influence over large territories in the Pyrenean valleys, and was also instrumental in the rebellions that would lead to Pamplona breaking with the Emirate. Rise to power The family came to power through struggles over Frankish and Córdoban influence in northern Iberia. In 799, pro-Frankish assassins murdered Mutarrif ibn Musa, governor of Pamplona, perhaps the brother of Musa ibn Musa ibn Qasi and even of Íñigo himself. Ibn Hayyan reports that in 816, Abd al-Karim ibn Abd al-Wahid ibn Mugit launched a military campaign against the pro-Frankish "Enemy of God", Velasco the Gascon (Arabic: بلشك الجلشقي‎, Balašk al-Ŷalašqī), Sahib of Pamplona (Arabic: صاحب بنبلونة‎), who had united Christian and pagan factions. They fought a three-day battle in which the pro-Córdoba faction routed their enemies and killed Velasco, along with García López, kinsman of Alfonso II of Asturias, Sancho "warrior/knight of Pamplona", and pagan warrior "Ṣaltān". This defeat of the pro-Frankish force appears to have allowed the anti-Frankish Íñigo to come to power. In 820, Íñigo is said to have intervened in the County of Aragon, ejecting a Frankish vassal, count Aznar I Galíndez, in favor of García el Malo (the Mean), who would become Íñigo's son-in-law. In 824, a Carolingian force led by counts Aeblus and Aznar Sánchez made an expedition against Pamplona, but were defeated in the second Battle of Roncesvalles.[10] Traditionally, this battle is portrayed as resulting in the crowning of Íñigo as "King of Pamplona", but there is no direct evidence of his involvement in the battle or his crowning thereafter, and he is referred to by Arabic chroniclers with the same title as given Velasco, "Lord of Pamplona". His realm would continually play Muslim and Christian against themselves and each other to maintain independence against the outside powers. Rebellion and death In 840 Íñigo's lands were attacked by Abd Allah ibn Kulayb, wali of Zaragoza, leading his half-brother, Musa ibn Musa, into rebellion.[11] Íñigo's son García acted as regent, in concert with Íñigo's warrior brother Fortún Íñiguez (Arabic: فرتون بن ونّقه‎, Fortūn ibn Wannaqo), who was also half-brother of Musa, and they joined Musa in an uprising against the Emirate of Córdoba. Abd-ar-Rahman II, emir of Córdoba, launched reprisal campaigns in the succeeding years. In an 843 battle, Fortún Íñiguez was killed, and Musa unhorsed and forced to escape on foot, while Íñigo and his son Galindo escaped with wounds--and several noblemen, most notably Velasco Garcés, defected to Abd-ar-Rahman. The subsequent year, Íñigo's own son, Galindo Íñiguez, and Musa's son Lubb ibn Musa went over to Córdoba, and Musa was forced to submit. Following a brief campaign in 845, a general peace was achieved. In 850, Mūsā again rose in open rebellion, supported by Pamplona,[11] and envoys of Induo (thought to be Íñigo) and Mitio,[b] "Dukes of the Navarrese", were received at the French court. Íñigo died in the Muslim year 237 A.H., which is late 851 or early 852, and was succeeded by his son García Íñiguez who was already governing the kingdom during his father's long illness prior to his death.[10][c] Leyre, major monastery of Navarre During the lifetime of Íñigo, the existence of several monasteries is attested across Navarre, when the Cordovan priest Eulogius had to stay in the area (848). In a letter written to Wiliesind, not only does Eulogius reveal that the Basque leader was a christicola princeps but he provides the names of three monasteries not far from Pamplona: Siresa, St. Zacharias and Leyre. The iconic monastery of Leyre, founded in the 9th century[12] and claimed later to be founded by the king of Pamplona, was fostered by granting lands and estates to it. A document in the archives of the monastery shows that in 842, Íñigo bestowed the town and lands of Yesa on Leyre ("Ego rex Eneco concedo..."), although the authenticity of the document recording this grant is disputed. Íñigo himself is reported to have been buried in the monastery after his death in 851/852. Lineage and family links The name of the wife (or wives) of Íñigo is not reported in contemporary records, although sources from centuries later assign her the name of Toda or Onneca.[13] There is also scholarly debate regarding her derivation, some hypothesizing that she was daughter of Velasco, lord of Pamplona (killed 816), and others making her kinswoman of Aznar I Galíndez.[d] He was father of the following known children: Assona Íñiguez, who married her father's half-brother, Musa ibn Musa ibn Qasi, lord of Tudela and Huesca García Íñiguez, regent and then Íñigo's successor as 'king'. Galindo Íñiguez, fled to Córdoba where he was friend of Eulogius of Córdoba. The Musa ibn Galind, Amil of Huesca in 860, assassinated in 870, was apparently his son.[14] a daughter who married Count García el Malo (the Mean) of Aragón.[10] Historical Legacy The dynasty founded by Íñigo reigned for about 80 years, being supplanted by a rival dynasty in 905. However, due to intermarriages, subsequent kings of Navarre descended from Íñigo, and some accounts even wrongly showed them to descend from Íñigo in the direct male line. He is remembered as the founder of the nation of Navarre.
    Page: wikipedia information regarding King Inigo Iniquez de Arista

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