Vladin Svevladović of Serbs

• Preferred Name: Vladin Svevladović of Serbs^{[1] [2] [3]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Nationality: Serbian
  
• FSID: L1Y7-4L6
  
• Birth: ABT 620 in Serbia at LATI: N4.244 LONG: E0.767
  
• Death: ABT 680 in Serbia at LATI: N4.244 LONG: E0.767
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: King
  

1. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: SERBIA
   Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SERBIA.htm#_Toc283735280;
   Note: INTRODUCTION The only primary source evidence regarding the first recorded dynasty of rulers in Serbia is the De Administrando Imperio of Konstantinos Porphyrogenetos, probably written in the 940s. The De Administrando records seven generations of Serbian rulers belonging to the same family, whose rise to power coincided with the establishment of Bulgaria as an important regional force in the mid-9th century. There must inevitably be some doubt about the accuracy of the information recorded, especially relating to the earliest generations, given the absence of corroborative evidence, although admittedly the De Adminstrando was written only a few decades later. What is clear is that Serbia oscillated between Byzantine and Bulgarian control for much of the second half of the 9th century and first half of the 10th. If the De Administrando is to be believed, this period was marked by continual internal rivalries between the male members of the Serbian ruling family who, sometimes with Bulgarian and sometimes with Byzantine support, ousted each other and assumed control of Serbia in turn (see Chapter 1). Precise dating of the events recorded, and changes of rulers, is not possible from the limited information contained in the De Administrando. Serbia was finally overrun by the Magyars after they defeated Časlav, last Knez of Serbia, dated to [955/60]. After the defeat of Časlav, the kingdom of Duklja (based in what is today Montenegro) became the dominant Slav force in the area. The Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja records that "Bodin who [afterwards] ruled the whole kingdom [and] Vladimir with their brothers marched into Rassa and annexed it", their father assigning it to "his son Petrislav to rule." Fine dates the conquest to between 1060 and 1074. Around 1080, Konstantin Bodin King of Duklja established the brothers Marko and Vukan as joint-Župan [Lord] of Raška, the name by which Serbia was then more commonly known at the time (see Chapter 2.B). Their collateral descendants continued to rule Serbia until the mid-12th century (Chapter 2.C). After Desa Grand Župan of Serbia was deposed for the last time in 1166, Byzantium installed as Grand Župan Tihomir, brother of Stefan Nemanja (who replaced Tihomir as Grand Župan the following year). Later chronicles fabricated a descent of Stefan Nemanja from Licinius, rival of Constantine the Great, and his wife who was Constantine's sister whom they alleged was a Serb. It is more likely that Nemanja was related to the family of the Grand Župani of Serbia set out in Chapter 2.C. According to a charter written in 1198 by Nemanja himself, his great-grandfather and grandfather had "ruled the land." This statement is also found in the biographies of Nemanja written by his sons. In addition to Tihomir, Nemanja had two brothers, Miroslav and Stracimir. Miroslav was the author of a gospel, in which he names his father as Zavid. The inevitable deduction is that Nemanja's father, Zavid, was another son of Uroš I Grand Župan of Serbia (Chapter 2.C). Emperor Manuel I's choice of Tihomir as new ruler of Serbia in [1166] also makes more sense if he was closely related to the old dynasty rather than an outsider, as such a choice is more likely to have been acceptable to Serbia's leaders. Serbia developed into a major force in the Balkan region in the late 12th century under Grand Župan Stefan Nemanja. He conquered the areas later known as Montenegro (which he assigned to his eldest son) and Hercegovina, as well as southern Dalmatia, northern Albania and Kosovo. Although Byzantium regained some of the lost territory under the peace treaty which followed their defeat of the Serbs at Morava River in 1190, Serb independence was recognised. Stefan Nemanja´s son, Stefan, was crowned as first king of Serbia by a papal legate in [1217] (see Chapter 3). His descendant, Stefan Dušan, declared himself emperor (Tsar) of Serbia and Greece in 1346 after conquering large parts of Macedonia from Byzantium, his life being glorified in later epic poetry. His successors were less competent, and Serbia´s powerful position was eroded by competing claims to rule from different members of the royal family. Tsar Stefan Uroš IV shared power with Vukašin Mrnjavčević, an official at his court who was unrelated to the Nemanja dynasty and who was eventually crowned as joint ruler in 1365, his family ruling Serbia until the end of the 14th century (see Chapter 4). King Vukašin was defeated and killed in 1371 by the Ottoman Turks, and his son Marko found his power confined to a small area of Macedonia around the town of Prilep, which was annexed by the Ottomans after he too was killed in battle. Meanwhile, the Lazarovići family rose to power in western Serbia and, through a series of matrimonial alliances, was able to group the most influential local Serbian chiefs under their rule (Chapter 5.A). However, a major part of the army was slaughtered in 1389 at the battle of Kosovo, where Stefan Lazar was captured and executed. After his death, his widow submitted to Ottoman suzerainty on behalf of her son, who was granted the title despot by the Byzantine emperor. The Lazarovići were succeeded in 1427 by the Brankovići (Chapter 5.B), under whose rule Serbia was finally annexed by the Ottomans in 1459. As will be seen below, much of the information in this document has been extracted from the works of Fine. Many of the family relationships of the Serbian rulers remain to be confirmed from primary source data. Most of the present reconstruction relies on Byzantine sources. Few Serbian sources have so far been located and used in the compilation of the document. In particular, the biographies of Stefan Nemanja have not yet been found in translation into a western European language. Serbian and Bosnian charters, dated between the late 12th and late 15th centuries, are collected in the mid-19th century Monumenta Serbica. The documents are written in Serbian, but are headed by a brief description in Latin which includes some genealogical details. It is probable that more relevant information is included in the body of the documents but these have not been studied due to the language difficulty. The present-day popular perspective of Serbian history has been influenced by legends which were developed by historical writers in the 16th and 17th centuries. These relate in particular to the battle of Kosovo, and identification of the heroes and villains of the piece. In this respect, the Regno degli Slavi, first published in 1601 by Mavro Orbini a native of Dubrovnik, has been especially influential. The works of Giacomo Luccari are also relevant. The works of these two authors can hardly be described as primary sources in the true sense. It appears that much of the later genealogy of the Serbian rulers is based only on information included in such works, at least this is what appears from Du Fresne du Cange´s 1680 Historia Byzantina, Familias ac Stemmata Imperatorum, Vol. I, which includes biographies of Serbian rulers in which Orbini and Luccari are referenced frequently. Du Fresne du Cange´s reconstruction of the Serbian ruling families is inconsistent with information included in some earlier primary sources, sed in the compilation of the present document but to which it appears that he did not have access. It must therefore be considered an unreliable representation, even ignoring the question of the reliability of information included from Orbini and Luccari. Unfortunately, I have so far been unable to locate digitised versions of the works of Orbini and Luccari, available on the internet, in their original language. I have therefore been unable to highlight those sections of the reconstruction in the present document which rely solely on information from these sources and which should therefore be treated with caution. The problem of the authenticity of the source known as the Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja, which appears to be a 17th century falsification, is discussed in the Introduction to the document MONTENEGRO.
   
2. Title: Wikiwand: Archon
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Archon;
   Note: Archon (Greek: ἄρχων, árchon, plural: ἄρχοντες, árchontes) is a Greek word that means "ruler," frequently used as the title of a specific public office. It is the masculine present participle of the verb stem αρχ-, meaning "to rule," derived from the same root as monarch and hierarchy. Ancient Greece In the early literary period of ancient Greece the chief magistrates of various Greek city states were called Archon. The term was also used throughout Greek history in a more general sense, ranging from "club leader" to "master of the tables" at syssitia to "Roman governor." In Roman terms, archontes ruled by imperium, whereas Basileis ("Kings") had auctoritas. In Athens a system of three concurrent Archons evolved, the three office holders being known as the Archon Eponymos, the Polemarch, and the Archon Basileus. According to Aristotle's Constitution of the Athenians, the power of the king first devolved to the archons, and these offices were filled from the aristocracy by elections every ten years. During this period the Archon Eponymos was the chief magistrate, the Polemarch was the head of the armed forces, and the Archon Basileus was responsible for the civic religious arrangements. After 683 BC the offices were held for only a single year, and the year was named after the Archon Eponymos. (Many ancient calendar systems did not number their years consecutively.) Although the process of the next transition is unclear, after 487 BC the archonships were assigned by lot to any citizen and the Polemarch's military duties were taken over by a new class of generals known as strategoi. The Polemarch thereafter had only minor religious duties. The Archon Eponymos remained the titular head of state under democracy, though of much reduced political importance. The Archons were assisted by "junior Archons", called Thesmothetes. After 457 BC ex-archons were automatically enrolled as life members of the Areopagus, though that assembly was no longer extremely important politically at that time. Under the Athenian constitution, Archons were also in charge of organizing festivals by bringing together poets, playwrights, actors, and city-appointed choregai (wealthy citizen patrons). The Archon would begin this process months in advance of a festival by selecting a chorus of three playwrights based on descriptions of the projected plays. Each playwright would be assigned a choregos, also selected by the Archon, from among the wealthy citizens who would pay all the expenses of costumes, masks, and training the chorus. The Archon also assigned each playwright a principal actor (the protagonist), as well as a second and third actor. The City Dionysia, an ancient dramatic festival held in March in which tragedy, comedy, and satyric drama originated, was under the direction of one of the principal magistrates, the archon eponymos. The archon eponymos remained the titular head of state under democracy, though of much reduced political importance. Byzantine Empire Byzantine historians usually described foreign rulers as archontes. The rulers of the Bulgars themselves, along with their own titles, often bear the title archon placed by God in inscriptions in Greek. Inside Byzantium, the term could be used to refer to any powerful noble or magnate, but in a technical sense, it was applied to a class of provincial governors. In the 8th and 9th centuries, these were the governors of some of the more peripheral provinces, inferior in status to the themata: Dalmatia, Cephalonia, Crete and Cyprus. Archontes were also placed in charge of various naval bases and trade stations, as well as semi-autonomous Slavic-inhabited areas (sclaviniae) under Byzantine sovereignty. In the 10th–12th centuries, archontes are also mentioned as the governors of specific cities. The area of an archon's jurisdiction was called an archontia (ἀρχοντία). The title was also used for the holders of several financial posts, such as the head of the mint (ἄρχων τῆς χαραγῆς), as well as directors of the imperial workshops, arsenals, etc. The title of megas archon ("grand archon") is also attested, as a translation of foreign titles such as "grand prince." In the mid-13th century, it was established as a special court rank, held by the highest-ranking official of the emperor's company. It existed throughout the Palaiologan period, but did not have any specific functions. Archons of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople From time to time, laity of the Orthodox Church in communion with the Patriarch of Constantinople have been granted the title of Archon to honor their service to Church administration. In 1963, Archons were organized into a service society dedicated to St Andrew. This Archon status is not part of the Church hierarchy and is purely honorary. See http://www.archons.org/ . An Archon is an honoree by His All Holiness the Ecumenical Patriarch, for his outstanding service to the Church, and a well-known, distinguished, and well-respected leader of the Orthodox Church (at large). It is the sworn oath of the Archon to defend and promote the Orthodox Church faith and tradition. His main concern is to protect and promote the Holy Patriarchate and its mission. He is also concerned with human rights and the well-being and general welfare of the Church. As it is a significant religious position, the faith and dedication of a candidate for the role are extensively reviewed during consideration; the candidate should have demonstrated commitment for the betterment of the Church, Parish-Diocese, Archdiocese and the community as a whole. Gnostic Archons In late antiquity some variants of Gnosticism used the term Archon to refer to several servants of the Demiurge, the "creator god," that stood between the human race and a transcendent God that could only be reached through gnosis. In this context they have the role of the angels and demons of the Old Testament. The Egyptian Gnostic Basilideans accepted the existence of an archon called Abraxas who was the prince of 365 spiritual beings (Irenaeus, Adversus Haereses, I.24). The Orphics accepted[citation needed] the existence of seven archons: Iadabaoth or Ialdabaoth (who created the six others), Iao, Sabaoth, Adonaios, Elaios, Astaphanos and Horaios (Origen, Contra Celsum, VI.31). The commonly-called Pistis Sophia (or The Books of the Savior) gives another set: Paraplex, Hekate, Ariouth (females), Typhon, and Iachtanabas (males). Ialdabaoth had a head of a lion, like Mithraic Arimanius and Vedic Narasimha, a form of Vishnu. Their wrathful nature was mistaken as evil. The snake wrapped around them is Ananta (Sesha) Naga (mythology). Other uses "Archon" is also used in Modern Greek colloquially, as άρχοντας (archontas) to someone that holds a form of status, or power. The term is used within the Arab-speaking Copts in church parlance as a title for a leading member of the laity. Various fraternities and sororities use the title of archon or variations on it.
   
3. Title: rootsweb > McCain-Clark Ancestors and Cousins: Son of the Unknown Archont
   Author: Sources: Title: Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Publication: Name: Name: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page;; Repository: Name: Internet
   Publication: Name: https://worldconnect.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=johncmccain&id=I79761;
   Note: ID: I79761 Name: Son of the Unknown Archont 1 Sex: M Father: Unknown Archont b: BET 870 AND 890 in White Serbia Marriage 1 Spouse Unknown Children Has Children Grandson of the Unknown Archont