Recesvinto of the Visigoths

• Preferred Name: Recesvinto of the Visigoths^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Burial: AFT 1 SEP 672 in Monasterio de Santa Maria, Wamba, Valladolid, Kingdom of the Visigoths, Hispania at LATI: N1.6742 LONG: E4.9176 with note: re-interred later in Toledo
  
• Death: 1 SEP 672 in Villa of Gérticos, Valladolid, Kingdom of the Visigoths, Hispania at LATI: N1.6521 LONG: E4.7285
  
• FSID: LCQK-5DT
  
• Birth: ABT 630 in Kingdom of the Visigoths, Hispania at LATI: N0.43 LONG: E4
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Wikipedia
  
  Recesvinto was king of the Visigoths from 653 to 672 , although he co-governed with his father Chindasvinto from 649 . He carried out a policy different from that of his father, harsher with the Jews, but more conciliatory with the Church and with the nobility, solving the problems caused by the fierce repression of his predecessor. In particular, after the Froya rebellion , he asked the bishops for authorization to pardon former rebels, which was prohibited by the resolutions of previous councils.
  
  He achieved political and social unification for the kingdom when he promulgated in 654 the Liber Iudiciorum or Code of Recesvinto , in which the personality of the law was abolished, establishing an equal and unitary right for all subjects of the kingdom. According to traditional theory, until then the customary law of the Visigoth people was used with the Goths (compiled in the year 475 by King Eurico in the Codex Euricianus or Eurico Code ) and with the Hispano-Romans the old Roman law (compiled in the year 506 by King Alaric II in the Breviarium Alaricianum oBreviary of Alaric ).
  
  === BIRTH: Also shown as Born Abt 636 ===
  BIRTH: Also shown as Born Abt 636
  
  === #Générale# Roi des Wisigoths ===
  #Générale# Roi des Wisigoths
  
  === !Vol 2 Tafel 48 ===
  !Vol 2 Tafel 48
  
  === #Générale# Roi des Wisigoths de 653 à 67 ===
  #Générale# Roi des Wisigoths de 653 à 672.
  
  === #Générale# Roi des Wisigoths de 653 à 6 ===
  #Générale# Roi des Wisigoths de 653 à 672.
  
  === King of the Visigoths ===
  King of the Visigoths

1. Favila , b. 655 in Lugo, Galicia, España     d. 693 in Tuy, Pontevedra, Galicia, España

1. Title: Wikipedia - Crown of Recesvinto
   Author: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recceswinth
   Publication: Name: https://www.familysearch.org/photos/artifacts/117497398;
   Note: Recceswinth[1], also known as Reccesuinth, Recceswint, Reccaswinth (English), Recesvinto (Spanish, Galician and Portuguese), Rekkeswint (German), Réceswinthe (French), Recceswinthus, Reccesvinthus, and Recesvindus (Latin), (? – 1 September 672) was the Visigothic King of Hispania, and Septimania in 649–672. He ruled jointly with his father Chindaswinth until his father's death in 653.
   
2. Title: Wikipedia - Recesvinto
   Publication: Name: https://es-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Recesvinto?_x_tr_sl=es&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=nui,sc;
   Note: Translated from the Spanish page Recesvinto (in Latin , Recesvindus , Recceswinthus or Reccesvinthus , died in 672 ) was king of the Visigoths between 653 and 672 . He compiled, together with his predecessor Chindasvinto , a common body of laws for the two peoples of the kingdom, Hispano-Romans and Visigoths : the Liber Iudiciorum or Code of Recesvinto . Recess King of the Visigoths Visigoth Kings Codex Vigilanus - Recesvinto.jpg Medieval miniature representing King Recesvinto. Chronicle Albeldense . Reign 653 - 672 Predecessor Chindasvinto Successor Wamba Personal information Death 672 Gertics Burial Toledo Cathedral Family Father Chindasvinto History Recesvinto was king of the Visigoths from 653 to 672 , although he co-governed with his father Chindasvinto from 649 . He carried out a policy different from that of his father, harsher with the Jews, but more conciliatory with the Church and with the nobility, solving the problems caused by the fierce repression of his predecessor. In particular, after the Froya rebellion , he asked the bishops for authorization to pardon former rebels, which was prohibited by the resolutions of previous councils. He achieved political and social unification for the kingdom when he promulgated in 654 the Liber Iudiciorum or Code of Recesvinto , in which the personality of the law was abolished, establishing an equal and unitary right for all subjects of the kingdom. According to traditional theory, until then the customary law of the Visigoth people was used with the Goths (compiled in the year 475 by King Eurico in the Codex Euricianus or Eurico Code ) and with the Hispano-Romans the old Roman law (compiled in the year 506 by King Alaric II in the Breviarium Alaricianum oBreviary of Alaric ). He also issued measures to prevent the private treasury of the kings from being increased at the expense of all citizens. In the VIII Council of Toledo (year 653) the following was established, under his tutelage and authority: -Need to differentiate the goods that the king received from the patrimony of his parents or relatives. -Need to differentiate what the king acquired for his position. These assets could only pass to his successor on the throne and not to his family descendants. On the other hand, in this same council, he appropriated many of the properties that his predecessors had obtained illegally, but he did not heed the suggestion of the bishops, who wanted these properties to be the property of the crown and not of the king. (They had also specifically referred to the father of King Chindasvinto ). This matter provoked a strong controversy, and the bishops, who could do little before the royal power, recorded their displeasure in the minutes of the council. There they included both the enacted law and the ecclesiastical suggestion, to clearly mark the difference. Recesvinto was also the supreme magistrate, in charge of enforcing the laws. Since then, the monarchy was governed by legislative norms and all political questions were solved by law. Military actions Corona de Recesvinto, part of the Guarrazar Treasury. SPAIN. At the beginning of his reign there was a revolt led by Froya , an exiled Gothic, who, fleeing the monarch's persecutions, had established himself, like many others, in Basque territory. Froya and the Basques ravaged the lands of the Ebro valley, looted churches, murdered clergymen and besieged the city of Zaragoza . Recesvinto reacted, broke the siege and killed Froya. [ 1 ] Policy against Jews See also: Persecution of Jews in Visigothic Hispania Recesvinto reinitiated the anti-Jewish policy of several of his predecessors, which had been suspended by his father. He decreed that all heretics, including the Jews, would be banished from the kingdom. He decreed that no baptized Jew could abandon the Christian faith or celebrate the Passover holidays or keep the Sabbath. [ 2 ] They could not respect their dietary restrictions or testify against a Christian, even if he was a slave. The penalty for non-compliance with these laws was the stake or stoning. Realizing that these drastic laws could generate non-compliance among his subjects, he decreed the excommunication and confiscation of a quarter of the property of anyone who helped a Jew to continue in his beliefs, or a converted Jew to relapse. Overall, it was the first systematic attempt to use the full force of the state to eliminate Judaism from Spain. While forced conversions were not practiced, any Jewish religious practice became a capital offense.
   
3. Title: Wikipedia -Visigothic Kingdom
   Author: Wikipedia contributors. (2020, November 15). Visigothic Kingdom. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18:15, November 16, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Visigothic_Kingdom&oldid=988766458
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Visigothic_Kingdom&oldid=988766458;
   Note: The reigns of Chindaswinth and his son Recceswinth saw the compilation of the most important Visigothic law book, the Liber Iudiciorum ( Spanish: Libro de los Jueces, English: Book of the Judges), also called Lex Visigothorum or the Visigothic Code promulgated by king Chindaswinth (642–653 AD), and completed in 654 by his son, king Recceswinth (649–672), abolished the old tradition of having different laws for Hispano-Romans and Visigoths. The new laws applied to both Gothic and Hispano-Roman populations who had been under different laws in the past, and it replaced all older codes of law.[23] The code included old laws by past kings, such as Alaric II in his Breviarium Alarici, and Leovigild, but many were also new laws. The code was based almost wholly on Roman law, with some influence of Germanic law in rare cases. Among the eliminated old laws were the harsh laws against Jews. The Liber showed the old system of military and civil divisions in administration was changing, and dukes (duces provinciae) and counts (comites civitatis) had begun taking more responsibilities outside their original military and civil duties. The servants or slaves of the king became very prominent in the bureaucracy and exercised wide administrative powers. With the Visigoth law codes, women could inherit land and title and manage it independently from their husbands or male relations, dispose of their property in legal wills if they had no heirs, and could represent themselves and bear witness in court by age 14 and arrange for their own marriages by age 20. Chindaswinth (642–653) strengthened the monarchy at the expense of the nobility, he executed some 700 nobles, forced dignitaries to swear oaths, and in the seventh council of Toledo laid down his right to excommunicate clergy who acted against the government. He was also able to maneuver his son Recceswinth on the throne, sparking a rebellion by a gothic noble who allied with the Basques, but was put down. Reccesuinth (653–672) held another council of Toledo, which reduced sentences for treason and affirmed the power of the councils to elect kings.[24]
   
4. Title: Royal Gallery -Biographies of the Kings of Spain, Madrid Literary Society
   Publication: Name: https://books.google.es/books?id=3IpJAAAAMAAJ&hl=es&pg=PA44#v=onepage&q&f=false;
   
5. Title: Wikipedia - Recceswinth, King of the Visigoths
   Author: References ^ It is spelled Recceswinth in the Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 7, p. 328: "Liber Judiciorum". Chicago, 1989. ^ Fontes, Henrique (August 17, 1959). "Nomes germânicos de pessoas". Impr. Oficial do Estado de Santa Catarina – via Google Books. ^ Henry Bradley, The story of the Goths: from the earliest times to the end of the Gothic dominion in Spain, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1903 ^ John Edwards, The Spain of the Catholic Monarchs, 1474-1520 (Wiley-Blackwell, 2000), p. 72. ^ Karen Eva Carr, Vandals to Visigoths: rural settlement patterns in early Medieval Spain (University of Michigan Press, 2002), p.33 ^ "Tesoro de Guarrazar". Museo Arqueológico Nacional (National Archaeological Museum) (in Spanish). Retrieved May 16, 2020.
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recceswinth;
   Note: Recceswinth King of the Visigoths Corona de (29049230050).jpg Votive crown of Recceswinth, as found in the treasure of Guarrazar, Spain. Reign 20 January 649 – 1 September 672 Coronation 20 January 649 Predecessor Chindasuinth Successor Wamba Co-king Chindasuinth (20 January 649 – 30 September 653) Died 1 September 672 Recceswinth[1] (died 1 September 672) was the Visigothic King of Hispania, and Septimania in 649–672. He ruled jointly with his father Chindaswinth until his father's death in 653. Name His Gothic name is believed to have been *𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐍃 (*Raikaswinþs), from the roots reiks ("king") and swinþs ("strong"). His votive crown used the Latin spelling RECCESVINTHVS. Other Latin spellings include Recceswinthus, Recesvindus. In English his name is also spelled Reccesuinth, Recceswint, Reccaswinth; Spanish Recesvinto; Portuguese Recesvindo; German Rekkeswint; French Réceswinthe.[2] Reign Under Recceswinth, the Visigothic Kingdom enjoyed an unbroken peace for 19 years (653–672) — except for a brief rebellion of the Vascons, led by a noble named "Froya," an exiled Goth, who fleeing the monarch’s persecutions had settled, like many others, in Basque territory. Froya and the Vascons ravaged the lands of the Ebro Valley, looted churches, murdered clerics, and laid siege to the city of Saragossa. Recceswinth reacted, broke the siege, and killed Froya".[3] Beginning in 654 Recceswinth was responsible for the promulgation of a law code, Liber Iudiciorum, to replace the Breviary of Alaric; he placed a Visigothic common law over both Goths and Hispano-Romans in the kingdom. This Liber Iudiciorum showed little Germanic influence, adhering more closely to the old Roman laws.[citation needed] In his general law code of 654, he outlawed a set of essential Jewish practices, including male circumcision, dietary laws (kashrut), marriage laws and ceremonies, and the celebration of Passover.[4] Moreover, the church councils in the Visigothic capital Toledo (Toletum) became the most powerful force in the government and the bishops were the primary support of the monarchy. Will Durant wrote in The Age of Faith: "By their superior education and organization they dominated the nobles who sat with them in the ruling councils of Toledo; and though the king's authority was theoretically absolute, and he chose the bishops, these councils elected him, and exacted pledges of policy in advance."[citation needed] Recceswinth died on 1 September 672, just before the first Arab raid on Hispania Baetica.[5] The votive crown of Recceswinth The votive crown of Recceswinth is an example of Visigothic art made in Hispania. It was found in the Treasure of Guarrazar, a goldsmith's treasure made up of crowns and crosses that several kings of Toledo offered in their time as a gesture of the orthodoxy of their faith and their submission to the ecclesiastical hierarchy; the treasure was found between 1858 and 1861 at the archaeological site called Huerta de Guarrazar, located in the city of Guadamur, near Toledo. The votive crown of Recceswinth is in Madrid's National Archaeological Museum of Spain. Among the crowns, made of gold and precious stones, it is the one that attracts the most attention because of the exquisite workmanship of its goldsmithery, with gemstones suspended beneath the filigree Latin letters hanging from its base, which read: RECCESVINTHVS REX OFFERET ("King Receswinth offered it").[6]
   
6. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
   Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/VANDALS,%20SUEVI,%20VISIGOTHS.htm;
   Note: a) RECESVINTO (-Villa of Gérticos [Wamba, Valladolid][297] 1 Sep 672, bur [Gérticos], transferred 13th century to Toledo[298]). Fredegar names "Chyntasindus…filium suum Richysindum"[299]. His father associated him as joint king, and abdicated in his favour in 649 whereupon he was elected to succeed as RECESVINTO King of the Visigoths. The Chronicle of 754 records that "in the era 685 (647)" Chindasvinto "established his loose-living but generous son Reccesuinth as king of the Goths" and that he ruled for 24 years[300]. He suppressed the rebellion of Froja who, with his Basque allies invaded Tarraconense and held Zaragoza for several months in [653], but was killed by King Recesvinto[301]. Previous legal codes were consolidated and published in [654] as the Liber iudiciorum or Fuero Juzgo[302]. Laterculus regum Visigothorum records the death "Kal Sep 672" of "Reccesuindus"[303]. The Chronicle of Alfonso III records that Recesvinto died a natural death at "his own villa…Gerticos…now called Bamba…near Mt Caure"[304]. The Chronica Regum Visigotthorum records that “Chindusvinthus” reigned with “filio suo Reccesvintho” four years, eight months and eleven days, and that Recesvinto ruled alone 23 years, seven months and eleven days, and died “Kal Sep A.D. 672”[305].