Leogivild I Balthes

• Preferred Name: Leogivild I Balthes^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]}
  
• Alternate Name: Leovigildo
  
• Alternate Name: Flavius Leovigildus Rex
  
• Gender: M
  
• MilitaryService: King Leovigild ordered his son Hermenegildo beheaded for converting to catholicism13 APR 585 with note:
  
• Reino: BET 573 AND 586 in dos Visigodos at LATI: N9 LONG: E70.67 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• Campaña+de+577+en+Sierra+Morena: 577 with note: Al año siguiente Leovigildo cambió radicalmente de escenario bélico una vez más y atacó la Orospeda, región situada en el extremo oriental de Sierra Morena en la que la aristocracia se había erigido en un poder independiente. El territorio fue sometido sin mayores dificultades, pero al poco tiempo se sublevaron los campesinos locales, lo que, esta vez sí, constituye la única revuelta campesina de la España visigoda. Pero esta revuelta pronto fue contenida.
  
• MilitaryService: conquered the Suevi in the north-western part of the peninsula, deposing King Audica585
  
• Birth: aproximadamente 0519 in Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain at LATI: N9.8333 LONG: E4 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: King of the Visigoths - jointly with LiuvaBET 568 AND 573
  
• Campaña+de+573-575+contra+los+territorios+intermedios+entre+suevos+y+visigodos: 573 with note: año siguiente de la reconquista de Córdoba, Leovigildo cambió por completo el escenario de sus campañas bélicas, que hasta entonces se habían limitado a Andalucía. Sin duda tomó esta decisión impelido no tanto por la muerte de su hermano Liuva, como alguna vez se ha sugerido, como por el ataque ese mismo año 572 del rey suevo Miro contra los «roccones o runcones», pueblo enigmático que aparece ahora por primera y anteúltima vez en la historia y que probablemente vivía en la actual Asturias. Esta campaña de Miro debió de alarmar a Leovigildo, pues a partir de entonces comenzó una carrera por hacerse con los territorios independientes ubicados entre los dos reinos rivales, el suevo y el godo. Así, en 573 Leovigildo atacó y venció a los «sappos», pueblo habitante de Sabaria de quienes ésta es la primera y última mención en la historia. Su territorio, que quedó incorporado al reino visigodo, seguramente estaba ubicado en una comarca montañosa por la que corre el río Sabor, entre la actual provincia española de Zamora y el distrito portugués de Braganza. En 574 Leovigildo conquistó Cantabria, territorio de indígenas siempre rebeldes que seguramente habían vivido de forma independiente desde el fin del Imperio Romano. Por último, en 575 el rey godo ocupó los montes Aregenses, en el extremo oriental de Orense, territorio que, en teoría, formaba parte del reino suevo de Miro, pero en el que en los últimos tiempos se había hecho fuerte un caudillo local de nombre Aspidio.
  
• Campaña+de+572+contra+Córdoba: 572 in Córdoba, Andaluzia, Espanha at LATI: N7.9134 LONG: E4.7674 with note: En 572 Leovigildo logró, al fin, apoderarse de Córdoba y poner fin de esta manera a su larga rebelión de más de dos decenios. Juan de Biclaro explica que para ello el rey godo conquistó también «muchas ciudades y castillos tras matar multitud de campesinos». Este pasaje del biclarense fue interpretado por E. A. Thompson como la primera revuelta campesina de la España visigoda, pero no parece probable que se tratara de tal cosa. Seguramente, los terratenientes cordobeses lograrían movilizar a los campesinos y comprometerlos así con su revuelta. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leovigildo
  
• Breve+campaña+de+576+contra+el+reino+suevo: 576 in Suevos, Mazaricos, La Coruña, Galicia, Espanha at LATI: N2.8743 LONG: E9.0014 with note: Por fin, en 576 Leovigildo decidió que había llegado la hora de atacar el reino suevo. Sin embargo, por motivos que se desconocen, pronto detuvo su ofensiva y aceptó la paz que le ofrecía Miro, quien, probablemente, aceptó a cambio someterse a algún tipo de subordinación a Leovigildo. Fuera así o no, lo único que sabemos es que el monarca godo pospuso su ataque contra el territorio suevo más de un decenio. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leovigildo
  
• Death: 21 de abril de 0586 in Espanha at LATI: N0.43 LONG: E4
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: King of the Visigoths - soloBET 573 AND 586
  
• Christening: 553 in Konge af Vestgoten at LATI: N0.05 LONG: E0.9 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• Religion: Arianism/ death bed conversion to Catholicism
  
• Campaña+de+570-571+contra+los+bizantinos: 570 in Espanha at LATI: N0.43 LONG: E4 with note: El primer objetivo de Leovigildo fue la provincia bizantina de Spania. En 570 el rey godo se centró en la región de Baza y Málaga con el probable objeto de dividir el territorio bizantino en dos. No lo logró, aunque sí parece que se reconquistó Baza, pues su obispo asistió al III Concilio de Toledo en 589. En 571, Leovigildo arremetió contra el límite occidental de la provincia bizantina, donde tomó la ciudad de Asidonia (la actual Medina Sidonia), pero solo gracias a la traición de un tal Framidaneo. Después de estos modestos resultados Leovigildo desistió de volver a atacar Spania. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leovigildo
  
• BIOGRAFIA+PARTE+1+(SON+12+PARTES)+: 23 de mayo de 2022 with note: Description: FUENTE : REAL ACADEMIA DE HISTORIA Leovigildo. Flavius Leovigildus Rex. ?, m. s. VI – Toledo, IV-V.586. Rey de España (571-586), restaurador del reino godo de Toledo. El futuro restaurador del poder godo en la Península Ibérica pertenecía a una importante familia con fuertes apoyos en Septimania o Narbonense. Era esta provincia el único resto de lo que había sido el vasto territorio dominado por los reyes godos en las Galias antes del 507. La intervención militar de Teodorico el Amalo, suegro del derrotado y muerto Alarico II, impidió su conquista por las fuerzas aliadas de francos y burgundios. Como territorio fronterizo, la Narbonense fue lugar de asentamiento preferente de antiguos linajes nobles visigodos, así como de nuevos grupos nobiliarios y militares de origen ostrogodo vinculados a Teodorico el Amalo. Es posible que el padre de Leovigildo fuera el general ostrogodo Liuvirit, que hacia 523-526 desempeñaba las funciones de general en jefe de las fuerzas de Teodorico el Amalo de guarnición en la Península. No cabe descartar que este Liuvirit fuera también pariente del propio soberano ostrogodo. También existen indicios de que la familia de Leovigildo contara con parientes visigodos que mantenían todavía posiciones de poder en la Aquitania merovingia en la segunda mitad del siglo VI. Estos orígenes familiares de Leovigildo y la importancia militar de la Septimania goda sirven para explicar cómo, a la muerte en Toledo del nobilísimo rey Atanagildo a mediados del 567, Liuva, el hermano mayor de Leovigildo, fue elegido Rey en Narbona tras un anárquico interregno de cinco meses. La imposibilidad de alejarse de Septimania, amenazada por los francos, aconsejó a Liuva poco después de un año de reinado en solitario a asociar a su hermano Leovigildo. CONTINUA....(EN LA 2DA PARTE)
  
• FSID: LZR1-W91
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Flavio Leovigildo (in Latin: Flavius Leovigildus, from the Gothic: Liubagilds; ¿?-Toledo, spring of the year 586) was king of the Visigoths from 568 or 569 to 586. Due to his reforms and his work of expansion and territorial reorganization, Leovigildo is considered the most important Visigothic king and one of the most admired sovereigns in the entire history of Spain. He was the author of the Codex Revisus or Code of Leovigildo, legislation that equated the rights of Goths and Hispano-Romans in his kingdom, making both ethnic groups one and the same people, with Goth being their demonym and Hispano-Roman culture. After his military campaigns, his authority covered practically the entire Iberian Peninsula. historical sources Leovigildo is the only Gothic king whose reign appears in the two most important Hispanic-Gothic chronicles: the Historia de los godos de San Isidoro, which does not exceed the year 626, and the Chronicle of Juan de Biclaro, which deals with the period between the years 567 and 591. This fact attests to the importance that posterity has given to this monarch. Unfortunately, they are two very brief and limited sources, since all the information provided by the historiography of that time is always very scarce. Added to this is another problem, and that is that Leovigildo's work has not left its own sources. The code he promulgated has not survived and can only be reconstructed from later texts, such as the Liber iudiciorum, promulgated in 654. Recourse to other sources, such as Gregory of Tours' Historia de los francos, does not help much either.
  
  Leovigild's wars Among the 14 years of Leovigildo's reign, only in one —578— was he at peace dedicating himself to the construction of the city of Recópolis,7 in honor of his son, Recaredo8 At the beginning of his reign, he undertook campaigns against the Byzantines, with little success. Later, he defeated the uprisings in the south and north of the country, conquering the city of Amaia where the Cantabrian nobles had taken refuge, issuing coins with the legend "Leovigildus Rex Saldania Justus". In 576 he tried to conquer the Suebian Kingdom and thus fought the Suebi settled in ancient Gallaecia (Galicia) and Lusitania (approximately the northern half), but made peace with King Miro. The definitive conquest of the Suevian Kingdom, after 174 years of independence since the year 411, and being the first Catholic kingdom settled in the Western Roman Empire, would not come until 585 with the battle of Braga, its capital, the metropolitan Bracara Augusta. Roman, disputed with Lucus Augusti-Lugo- and Cale-Oporto-, depending on whether a royal faction settled in power, 9 being king of the Suevos Andeca (or Audeca, or Odiacca). He also fought against the Franks and in 581 against the Vascones.
  
  Legislative changes During the reign of Leovigildo, the Code of Eurico was revised, transforming it into the Code of Leovigildo, with such important reforms as the abolition of the prohibition of mixed marriages between Visigoths and Hispano-Romans. Imitatio imperii Flavio Leovigildo (572-586) King of Hispania, was the first king in Europe to introduce the symbols of royal power, that is, the crown, the scepter, the throne and the purple mantle,1011 ancient symbol of power of the Roman emperors, having its precedent in his ancestor Theodoric II, which in the words of the historian Javier Arce: what happens in the daily life of the Gothic king Theoderic is that it runs in almost all its aspects as if it were a day of a Roman emperor. Theodoric is and acts like a Roman emperor.
  
  Over time throughout the Middle Ages, they would be symbols adopted by the other European monarchies. It is common in medieval iconography to see the king seated on his throne, with a crown, scepter and a purple mantle, but after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in Europe, the Visigoths were the first.
  
  ************************
  
  Flavio Leovigildo (en latín: Flavius Leovigildus, del gótico: Liubagilds; ¿?-Toledo, primavera del año 586) fue rey de los visigodos de 568 o 569 a 586. Por sus reformas y su labor de expansión y reorganización territorial, Leovigildo es considerado el rey visigodo más importante y uno de los soberanos más admirados de toda la historia de España. Fue el autor del Codex Revisus o Código de Leovigildo, legislación que equiparaba los derechos de godos e hispanorromanos en su reino, pasando a formar ambas etnias un mismo pueblo, siendo godo su gentilicio e hispanorromana su cultura. Tras sus campañas militares su autoridad abarcó la práctica totalidad de la península ibérica.
  
  Fuentes históricas
  Leovigildo es el único rey godo cuyo reinado aparece recogido en las dos crónicas hispanogodas más importantes: la Historia de los godos de San Isidoro, que no pasa del año 626, y la Crónica de Juan de Biclaro, que trata del periodo comprendido entre los años 567 y 591. Este hecho da fe de la importancia que la posteridad ha dado a este monarca. Lamentablemente, son dos fuentes muy breves y limitadas, ya que toda la información que aporta la historiografía de aquella época es siempre muy escasa. A este se suma otro problema, y es que la labor de Leovigildo no ha dejado fuentes propias. El código que promulgó no se ha conservado y solamente puede ser reconstruido a partir de textos posteriores, como el Liber iudiciorum, promulgado en 654. El recurso a otras fuentes, como la Historia de los francos de Gregorio de Tours tampoco ayuda mucho.
  
  Las guerras de Leovigildo
  De entre los 14 años de reinado de Leovigildo, solamente en uno —el 578— estuvo en paz dedicándose a la construcción de la ciudad de Recópolis,7​ en honor de su hijo, Recaredo8​ Al comienzo de su reinado, emprendió campañas contra los bizantinos, con escaso éxito. Posteriormente, derrotó las sublevaciones del sur y el norte del país, conquistando la ciudad de Amaia donde los nobles cántabros se habían refugiado, emitiendo moneda con la leyenda «Leovigildus Rex Saldania Justus». En el 576 intentó conquistar el Reino Suevo y así combatió a los suevos asentados en la antigua Gallaecia (Galicia) y Lusitania (aprox. mitad norte), pero hizo la paz con el rey Miro. La conquista definitiva del Reino Suevo, tras 174 años de independencia desde el año 411, y de ser el primer reino católico asentado en el Imperio Romano de Occidente, no llegaría hasta el 585 con la batalla de Braga, su capital, la metropolitana Bracara Augusta romana, disputada con Lucus Augusti-Lugo- y Cale-Oporto-, según se asentase en el poder una facción real,9​ siendo rey de los Suevos Andeca (o Audeca, o Odiacca). Luchó también contra los francos y en el 581 contra los vascones.
  
  Modificaciones legislativas
  Durante el reinado de Leovigildo, se procedió a revisar el Código de Eurico, transformándolo en el Código de Leovigildo, con reformas tan importantes como la abolición de la prohibición de matrimonios mixtos entre visigodos e hispanorromanos.
  
  Imitatio imperii
  Flavio Leovigildo (572-586) rey de Hispania, fue el primer rey en Europa en introducir los símbolos del poder real, es decir la corona, el cetro, el trono y el manto púrpura,10​11​ antiguo símbolo de poder de los emperadores romanos, teniendo su precedente en su ancestro Teodorico II, que en palabras del historiador Javier Arce: lo que ocurre en la vida cotidiana del rey godo Teoderico es que ella discurre en casi todos sus aspectos como si fuera una jornada de un emperador romano. Teodorico es y actúa como un emperador romano.
  
  Con el tiempo a lo largo de la Edad Media, serían símbolos adoptados por las demás monarquías europeas. Es común en la iconografía medieval ver al rey sentado en su trono, con corona, cetro y un manto púrpura, pero tras la caída del Imperio romano de Occidente, en Europa, los visigodos fueron los primeros.
  
  === Wikipedia - Liuvigild/Leovigild ===
  Liuvigild, Leuvigild, Leovigild, or Leovigildo (Spanish and Portuguese), (c. 519[citation needed] – 21 April 586) was a Visigothic King of Hispania and Septimania from 568 to April 21, 586. Known for his Codex Revisus or Code of Leovigild, an unifying law allowing equal rights between the Visigothic and Hispano-Roman population, his kingdom covered modern Portugal and most of modern Spain down to Toledo. Liuvigild ranks among the greatest Visigothic kings of the Arian period.[1]
  
  Life, campaigns and reign
  When the Visigothic king Athanagild died in 568/569, Liuva I was elevated to the kingship at a ceremony held in Narbonne, the last bastion of Visigothic rule.[2] Recognizing the leadership qualities of his younger sibling, in the second year of his reign, King Liuva I declared his brother Liuvigild co-king and heir, assigning him Hispania Citerior, or the eastern part of Hispania (Spain),[2] to directly rule over.[3] Both co-regents were Arian Christians, which was the dominant religious faith of the Visigothic rulers until 587.[4]
  
  Liuvigild was married twice: first to Theodosia, who gave birth to two sons, Hermenegild and Reccared, and after her death, to Athanagild's widow Goiswintha.[5]
  
  Almost every single year of his kingship, Liuvigild marched against the Byzantines, the Suebi, the Basques, or domestic competitors.[6] According to the chronicle of John of Biclaro, as co-king Liuvigild initiated the first of several campaigns to expand the territory of the kingdom of the Visigoths, which Peter Heather describes as a "list of striking successes".[7] Liuvigild's first campaign began against the Suebi in 569, during which he very quickly subdued Zamora, Palencia, and Leon. Then in 570 he attacked the district of Bastania Malagnefla (the ancient Bastetania), where he defeated imperial forces. In 570, Liuvigild "laid waste the region of Bastetania and the city of Málaga, defeating their soldiers". The following year he captured Medina Sidonia, assisted "through the treachery of a certain Framidaneus." Then, around the time he became sole ruler with the death of his brother Liuva (which occurred in either 571 or 572), seized Córdoba from the Byzantine Empire.[8][a] Though constantly at war with the Byzantines in southern Hispania, Liuvigild accepted the administration of the Byzantine Empire, adopted its pomp and ceremony, the title Flavius, the throne, crown, scepter, and purple mantle,[10] and subsequently struck gold coins in his own name to commemorate the event.[11]
  
  Determined to exact revenge upon Liuvigild and reclaim their territories, the Suebi invaded the regions of Plasencia and Coria, Las Hurdes, Batuecas, and the territory of the Riccones. Whilst preparing to check the imminent advance of the Suebi in 573, Liuvigild received news that his brother Liuva had died, which left him ruler over the entirety of the Visigothic dominions.[8] Liuvigild made efforts to secure a peaceful succession, a perennial Visigothic issue, by associating his two sons, Hermenegild and Reccared, with himself in the kingly office and placing certain regions under their regencies; namely, making them dukes over Toledo and Narbonne.[12][b]
  
  Imaginary portrait by Juan de Barroeta (1854)
  The Visigoths were still a military aristocracy and kings had to be formally ratified by the nobility. Visigoths and their Ibero-Roman subjects were still separated by religion and by distinct law codes. Liuvigild modified the old Code of Euric which governed the Goths and created his own Codex Revisus. He also repealed old Roman laws dating back to the late 4th century forbidding intermarriage between Visigoths and Ibero-Romans.[13] Such marriages had once been considered a crime punishable by death.[14] Through this action and others administrative moves, Liuvigild reassured his rule and when he had secured the capital, began a new campaign, during which he conquered the district of Sabaria, the province of Braganza, and Torre de Moncorvo along the Suebian frontier.[8]
  
  Gregory of Tours contended that Liuvigild exceeded his power when he divided the kingdom between his two sons, but it is feasible that he took this action to weaken the authority of the nobles from amid both the Visigoths and the Spanish-Romans. Whatever Liuvigild's original motivation was or whether this move to empower his children can be viewed as beyond his authority, the act stirred several insurrections— first among the Cantabri, then amid the people of Cordova and Asturia, and lastly in Toledo and Evora—at a time when the Suebi and Byzantines were planning attacks against Liuvigild.[15] Undeterred by these manifold threats, he attended to the concerns within his empire and with his son Reccared's assistance, he succeeded in subduing the rebels who rose to oppose him. In doing so, he seized Ammaia, the capital of the Cantabri; he took the Asturian stronghold, Saldania (Saldana); he also successfully quelled insurgent activities in Toledo and Evora (Aebura Carpetana). Not given to mercy—in every rebellious region—he sealed his victories by exacting terrible punishments upon his erstwhile enemies.[15] Sometime during this campaign in 576, Liuvigild's predominance led to the Suebian king Miro rapidly agreeing to a treaty which included paying tribute, if but for a short period.[16]
  
  In 577 Liuvigild marched into Orespeda, a region in southeastern Spain, and after suppressing an immediate revolt "of the common people" added this province to his kingdom. Upon the conclusion of these campaigns, Liuvigild celebrated his victories by founding a city in Celtiberia, which he named Recopolis for his son Reccared.[17] In 582 Liuvigild then went on to capture Mérida, which had been under the political control of its popular bishop Masona since the early 570s.[c] Over the course of his reign, Liuvigild had conquered most of the peninsula.[18]
  
  Hermenegild's Revolt
  In 579, Hermenegild had converted to orthodox Christianity, persuaded by his Frankish wife Ingunthis and Leander, bishop of Seville. After his father, who considered this conversion treason, insisted on appointing Arians as bishops, Baetica revolted under the leadership of Hermenegild, who was supported by the orthodox bishops. Also on Hermenegild's side was none other than Pope Gregory the Great. Throughout the period of Hermenigild's religiously motivated sedition, Liuvigild sought various forms of theological reconciliation, including the acknowledgement of Catholic baptism (not forcing Arians to undergo a cleansing re-baptism upon conversion), tolerating the Catholic veneration of relics and saints, and softening the distinction between Christ and the Father by declaring them equals as opposed to the traditional Arian position, which held Christ as subordinate.[19] These unifying religious efforts came to naught since Arianism was losing its intellectual appeal to Roman Catholic orthodoxy.[20]
  
  Hermenegild's revolt worried Liuvigild, as it raised concerns about his relations with the Merovingians; namely, since Ingund's brother, Childebert II—who had gained power following the death of his Merovingian father, Sigibert I—began taking an interest in the developments of his sister's realm. Attempting to counteract any possible Frankish support for the Hermengild's rebellion, Liuvigild pressed for a marriage between Reccared and Chilperic's daughter, Rigunth, which unfortunately proved diplomatically useless upon Chilperic's death.[21]
  
  During this father-son feud, Hermengild presented himself as a victim as he tried to forge alliances in the name of Catholicism.[20] Despite having Pope Gregory's tacit support, contemporary Catholic writers—including Isidore of Seville and Gregory of Tours—expressed little to no sympathy for Hermenegild's revolt against his father.[22] When the Byzantines failed to send aid for the revolt, Liuvigild besieged and took Seville and in 584, banished his son to Valencia, where in 585, he was later murdered.[22] Leander of Seville was also banished and later canonized as a saint. Hermenegild's wife Ingunthis was delivered to the Eastern Emperor Tiberius II Constantine and was last heard of in Africa.[d] Pope Gregory held Liuvigild responsible for Hermengild's death and asserted that the latter died for his Catholic faith.[23]
  
  Later years
  
  Statue of Liuvigild in Madrid
  (Felipe del Corral), 1750-53
  In 585, Liuvigild conquered the Suebi peoples, bringing an end to some forty-years of their independence in Spain.[24] Despite several failed attempts by the Suebi to rebel against the Visigoths, Liuvigild eventually forced the them to swear their fidelity.[25] By the end of his reign, only the Basque lands[e] and two small southern territories of the Byzantine Empire made up the non-Visigothic parts of Iberia.[27] However, despite his best efforts, Liuvigild was unable to establish common religious ground between Arian Christians and those of the Catholic majority.[28] Liuvigild's last year was troubled by open war with the Franks along his northernmost borders. But overall, Liuvigild was one of the more effective Visigothic kings of Hispania, the restorer of Visigothic unity, ruling from his capital newly established at Toledo,[27] where he settled toward the end of his reign. (From this, the Iberian Visigothic monarchy is sometimes called the "Kingdom of Toledo"). While successful, Liuvigild attained unity and royal authority only through conquest.[29]
  
  According to Gregory of Tours, Liuvigild fell ill in 586 and on his deathbed repented, wept for seven days and "embraced the Catholic faith" before he "gave up the ghost."[30][f] He was succeeded by his second son Reccared, who converted to Catholic Christianity in 589 and brought religious and political unity between the Visigoths and their subjects.[31]
  
  Visigothi
  
  === Leovigildo,
  
  f. 586 em Toledo
  
  17 Rei Vi ===
  Leovigildo,
  
  f. 586 em Toledo
  
  17 Rei Visigodo, o qual, pela derrota dos suevos, cântabros e bascos, unificou politicamente a Espanha. Leovigildo foi o último monarca ariano na Espanha visigótica, e sempre lutou para restaurar a extensão e o poder do Reino Visigodo. Iniciou seu reinado em 568, e em 569 conquistou Leão e Zamora e, mais tarde, Córdova. Um de seus filhos, Hermenegildo, desposa a franca Ingunda, que o converte ao catolicismo. Hermenegildo alia-se aos Ortodoxos, e vai para Sevilha, atraído pelo seu mestre Leandro, depois santificada, e aí o jovem príncipe é preso, martirizado e morto por ordem de Leovigildo. Após a morte deste, Recaredo, seu filho e sucessor, apóia Leandro, e a Igreja Cristã prevalece na Espanha sobre o arianismo.
  
  casamento
  c.c. sua prima Teodósia

1. Reccaredo I Rey de los Visgodos, b. 559 in Toledo, Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain     d. 21 DEC 601 in Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
2. Hermenegildo Rei Associado aos Visigodos, b. 564 in Medina del Campo, Valladolid, Castilla y León, España     d. 13 APR 585 in Sevilla, Andalucía, España

• m. ABT 568

1. Chindasuinth of the Visigoths, b. aproximadamente 563 in Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, España     d. 30 SEP 653 in Toledo, Toledo, Castille La Mancha, Spain

1. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Leodegild I, King of Visigoths - birth: 0519; Spain
   Author: One World Tree (sm), Ancestry.com, Name: Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., n.d.;, www.ancestry.com
   Note: birth: 0519; Spain Source Medium: Ancestry.com birth: 0519; Spain Source Medium: Ancestry.com death: 0586; Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain Source Medium: Ancestry.com death: 0586; Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain Source Medium: Ancestry.com Source Medium: Ancestry.com Source Medium: Ancestry.com
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3244922896
   
2. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Leovigildo Balthes, King of the Visigoths - Published information: birth-name: Leovigildo Balthes, King of the Visigoths
   Note: Published information: birth-name: Leovigildo Balthes, King of the Visigoths Published information: male Published information: birth: about 0519; Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain Published information: death: 13 April 0586; Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3245451782
   
3. Title: Wikipedia- Liuvigild/Leovigild
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuvigild;
   Note: Liuvigild Leovigild CNG 97-722237 (obverse).jpg Tremissis of Liuvigild, 573-578. King of the Visigoths Reign 568 – 21 April 586 Predecessor Liuva I Successor Reccared Co-king Liuva I (568–572) Born c. 519 AD[citation needed] Died 21 April 586 Toledo, Hispania Spouse (1) Theodosia (2) Goiswinthia Religion Arianism Liuvigild, Leuvigild, Leovigild, or Leovigildo (Spanish and Portuguese), (c. 519[citation needed] – 21 April 586) was a Visigothic King of Hispania and Septimania from 568 to April 21, 586. Known for his Codex Revisus or Code of Leovigild, a law allowing equal rights between the Visigothic and Hispano-Roman population, his kingdom covered modern Portugal and most of modern Spain down to Toledo. Liuvigild ranks among the greatest Visigothic kings of the Arian period.[1] Life, campaigns and reign When the Visigothic king Athanagild died in 567, Liuva I was elevated to the kingship at a ceremony held in Narbonne, the last bastion of Visigothic rule.[2] Recognizing the leadership qualities of his younger sibling, in the second year of his reign, King Liuva I declared his brother Liuvigild co-king and heir, assigning him Hispania Citerior, or the eastern part of Hispania (Spain),[2] to directly rule over.[3] Both co-regents were Arian Christians, which was the dominant religious faith of the Visigothic rulers until 587.[4] Liuvigild was married twice: first to Theodosia, who gave birth to two sons, Hermenegild and Reccared, and after her death, to Athanagild's widow Goiswintha.[5] Almost every single year of his kingship, Liuvigild marched against the Byzantines, the Suebi, the Basques, or domestic competitors.[6] According to the chronicle of John of Biclaro, as co-king Liuvigild initiated the first of several campaigns to expand the territory of the kingdom of the Visigoths, which Peter Heather describes as a "list of striking successes".[7] Liuvigild's first campaign began against the Suebi in 569, during which he very quickly subdued Zamora, Palencia, and Leon. Then in 570 he attacked the district of Bastania Malagnefla (the ancient Bastetania), where he defeated imperial forces. In 570, Liuvigild "laid waste the region of Bastetania and the city of Málaga, defeating their soldiers". The following year he captured Medina Sidonia, assisted "through the treachery of a certain Framidaneus." Then, around the time he became sole ruler with the death of his brother Liuva (which occurred in either 571 or 572), seized Córdoba from the Byzantine Empire.[8][a] Though constantly at war with the Byzantines in southern Hispania, Liuvigild accepted the administration of the Byzantine Empire, adopted its pomp and ceremony, the title Flavius, the throne, crown, scepter, and purple mantle,[10] and subsequently struck gold coins in his own name to commemorate the event.[11] Determined to exact revenge upon Liuvigild and reclaim their territories, the Suebi invaded the regions of Plasencia and Coria, Las Hurdes, Batuecas, and the territory of the Riccones. Whilst preparing to check the imminent advance of the Suebi in 573, Liuvigild received news that his brother Liuva had died, which left him ruler over the entirety of the Visigothic dominions.[8] Liuvigild made efforts to secure a peaceful succession, a perennial Visigothic issue, by associating his two sons, Hermenegild and Reccared, with himself in the kingly office and placing certain regions under their regencies; namely, making them dukes over Toledo and Narbonne.[12][b] Imaginary portrait by Juan de Barroeta (1854) The Visigoths were still a military aristocracy and kings had to be formally ratified by the nobility. Visigoths and their Ibero-Roman subjects were still separated by religion and by distinct law codes. Liuvigild modified the old Code of Euric which governed the Goths and created his own Codex Revisus. He also repealed old Roman laws dating back to the late 4th century forbidding intermarriage between Visigoths and Ibero-Romans.[13] Such marriages had once been considered a crime punishable by death.[14] Through this action and others administrative moves, Liuvigild reassured his rule and when he had secured the capital, began a new campaign, during which he conquered the district of Sabaria, the province of Braganza, and Torre de Moncorvo along the Suebian frontier.[8] Gregory of Tours contended that Liuvigild exceeded his power when he divided the kingdom between his two sons, but it is feasible that he took this action to weaken the authority of the nobles from amid both the Visigoths and the Spanish-Romans. Whatever Liuvigild's original motivation was or whether this move to empower his children can be viewed as beyond his authority, the act stirred several insurrections— first among the Cantabri, then amid the people of Cordova and Asturia, and lastly in Toledo and Evora—at a time when the Suebi and Byzantines were planning attacks against Liuvigild.[15] Undeterred by these manifold threats, he attended to the concerns within his empire and with his son Reccared's assistance, he succeeded in subduing the rebels who rose to oppose him. In doing so, he seized Ammaia, the capital of the Cantabri; he took the Asturian stronghold, Saldania (Saldana); he also successfully quelled insurgent activities in Toledo and Evora (Aebura Carpetana). Not given to mercy—in every rebellious region—he sealed his victories by exacting terrible punishments upon his erstwhile enemies.[15] Sometime during this campaign in 576, Liuvigild's predominance led to the Suebian king Miro rapidly agreeing to a treaty which included paying tribute, if but for a short period.[16] In 577 Liuvigild marched into Orespeda, a region in southeastern Spain, and after suppressing an immediate revolt "of the common people" added this province to his kingdom. Upon the conclusion of these campaigns, Liuvigild celebrated his victories by founding a city in Celtiberia, which he named Recopolis for his son Reccared.[17] In 582 Liuvigild then went on to capture Mérida, which had been under the political control of its popular bishop Masona since the early 570s.[c] Over the course of his reign, Liuvigild had conquered most of the peninsula.[18] Hermenegild's Revolt[edit] In 579, Hermenegild had converted to orthodox Christianity, persuaded by his Frankish wife Ingunthis and Leander, bishop of Seville. After his father, who considered this conversion treason, insisted on appointing Arians as bishops, Baetica revolted under the leadership of Hermenegild, who was supported by the orthodox bishops. Also on Hermenegild's side was none other than Pope Gregory the Great. Throughout the period of Hermenigild's religiously motivated sedition, Liuvigild sought various forms of theological reconciliation, including the acknowledgement of Catholic baptism (not forcing Arians to undergo a cleansing re-baptism upon conversion), tolerating the Catholic veneration of relics and saints, and softening the distinction between Christ and the Father by declaring them equals as opposed to the traditional Arian position, which held Christ as subordinate.[19] These unifying religious efforts came to naught since Arianism was losing its intellectual appeal to Roman Catholic orthodoxy.[20] Hermenegild's revolt worried Liuvigild, as it raised concerns about his relations with the Merovingians; namely, since Ingund's brother, Childebert II—who had gained power following the death of his Merovingian father, Sigibert I—began taking an interest in the developments of his sister's realm. Attempting to counteract any possible Frankish support for the Hermengild's rebellion, Liuvigild pressed for a marriage between Reccared and Chilperic's daughter, Rigunth, which unfortunately proved diplomatically useless upon Chilperic's death.[21] During this father-son feud, Hermengild presented himself as a victim as he tried to forge alliances in the name of Catholicism.[20] Despite having Pope Gregory's tacit support, contemporary Catholic writers—including Isidore of Seville and Gregory of Tours—expressed little to no sympathy for Hermenegild's revolt against his father.[22] When the Byzantines failed to send aid for the revolt, Liuvigild besieged and took Seville and in 584, banished his son to Valencia, where in 585, he was later murdered.[22] Leander of Seville was also banished and later canonized as a saint. Hermenegild's wife Ingunthis was delivered to the Eastern Emperor Tiberius II Constantine and was last heard of in Africa.[d] Pope Gregory held Liuvigild responsible for Hermengild's death and asserted that the latter died for his Catholic faith.[23] Later years[edit] Statue of Liuvigild in Madrid (Felipe del Corral), 1750-53 In 585, Liuvigild conquered the Suebi peoples, bringing an end to some forty-years of their independence in Spain.[24] Despite several failed attempts by the Suebi to rebel against the Visigoths, Liuvigild eventually forced them to swear their fidelity.[25] By the end of his reign, only the Basque lands[e] and two small southern territories of the Byzantine Empire made up the non-Visigothic parts of Iberia.[27] However, despite his best efforts, Liuvigild was unable to establish common religious ground between Arian Christians and those of the Catholic majority.[28] Liuvigild's last year was troubled by open war with the Franks along his northernmost borders. But overall, Liuvigild was one of the more effective Visigothic kings of Hispania, the restorer of Visigothic unity, ruling from his capital newly established at Toledo,[27] where he settled toward the end of his reign. (From this, the Iberian Visigothic monarchy is sometimes called the "Kingdom of Toledo"). While successful, Liuvigild attained unity and royal authority only through conquest.[29] According to Gregory of Tours, Liuvigild fell ill in 586 and on his deat
   
4. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy - Leovigild
   Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/VANDALS,%20SUEVI,%20VISIGOTHS.htm#LeovigildoB;
   Note: LEOVIGILDO, son of --- ([525/30]-Toledo [Apr/May] 586). His birth date range is estimated from the birth of his first grandson in [580/85], and his sons being appointed associate kings in 573. The Iohannis Abbatis Biclarensis Chronica records that "Leovegildus germanus Livvani regis" was installed "in regnum citerioris Hispaniæ" by his brother in 569[202]. Isidore of Seville records that Liuva established "his brother Leovigild not only as his successor but as his partner in the kingship, appointing him to rule Spain while he contented himself with rule of Gallia Narbonensis"[203]. The Iohannis Abbatis Biclarensis Chronica records that in 572 Leovigildo recaptured Córdoba[204], which had rebelled against Visigothic rule during the reign of King Agila. He succeeded his brother in 573 as LEOVIGILDO King of the Visigoths. The Iohannis Abbatis Biclarensis Chronica records that Leovigildo succeeded "Livva rex" in 573[205]. He extended Visigothic influence into Rioja in 574/75, and Oróspeda in 577. The Iohannis Abbatis Biclarensis Chronica records that "Leovigildus rex" occupied "partem Vasconiæ" and founded “civitatem...Victoriacum” [Victoriaco], dated to [581][206]. The greatest among the Visigothic rulers in Spain, he reinforced the power of the monarch by introducing court ceremonial based on Byzantine practices[207]. He introduced a new legal code Codex revisus (which has not survived)[208] and also rescinded a longstanding Roman ban on inter-marriage with native inhabitants of Spain, thus hastening Visigothic integration in the country[209]. His son Hermenegildo rebelled against him in Seville in 581. Leovigildo conquered the Suevi in the north-western part of the peninsula, deposing King Audica in 585, and suppressed the revolt of Malaricus who attempted to assume control of Galicia[210]. His reign was marked by persecution of the Catholic church in Spain. The Iohannis Abbatis Biclarensis Chronica records the death in 586 of "Leovegildus rex"[211]. Isidore of Seville records that he ruled for eighteen years and died a natural death in Toledo "in the era 624 (586)"[212]. The Chronica Regum Visigotthorum records that “Liuvigildus” reigned for 18 years[213]. m firstly ([550/55]) ---. The name of King Leovigildo´s first wife is not known. The Iohannis Abbatis Biclarensis Chronica records that "duosque filios suos [Leovigildi]…Hermenegildem et Reccaredum" were born "ex amissa coniuge" but does not name their mother[214]. Salazar y Castro, in his genealogical table of the Visigothic kings, shows "Teodosia, hija de Seberiano Duque de Cartagena y de Teodora" as the wife of King Leovigildo and mother of his two sons[215]. The primary source on which this statement is based is not specified. The table includes numerous errors and the information should therefore be viewed with caution. It is not known whether this first wife died or was repudiated before King Leovigildo´s second marriage. m secondly (569) as her second husband, GOSVINTA, widow of ATANAGILDO King of the Visigoths, daughter of --- (-589). Her two marriages are confirmed by the Iohannis Abbatis Biclarensis Chronica which records the marriage in 569 of "Leovegildus germanus Livvani regis" and "Gosuintham relictam Athanaildi"[216]. Nothing is known about her family origin, but her connection with Arianism, recorded in primary sources after her second marriage, suggests that she may have been of Visigothic origin. Gregory of Tours names "Goiswinth, mother of Brunhild", as wife of Leovegildo[217]. She contributed to the difficulties, which culminated in the rebellion of her stepson Hermenegildo, by trying to force the latter's wife to convert to Arianism[218]. The Iohannis Abbatis Biclarensis Chronica records that Gosvinta was the focus of a plot to restore the Arian faith in 589[219].
   
5. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Leodegild I, King of Visigoths -
   Author: Europäische Stammtafeln, J.A. Stargardt Verlag Marburg., Detlev Schwennicke, Editor {1978-1992}, Page number: ii-48
   Note: Source Media Type: Book
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2736742399
   
6. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Leodegild I, King of Visigoths -
   Author: Encyclopedia Britannica, Page number: Treatise on Leovigild
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2736742378
   
7. Title: History of Spain - became a nation state under the Hapsburgs in 1516, see history -flag is inappropriate
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Spain#:~:text=The%20history%20of%20Spain%20dates%20back%20to%20the,and%20the%20current%20democratic%20constitution%20dates%20to%201978.;
   
8. Title: Wikipedia -the Visigothic Kingdom
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visigothic_Kingdom;
   
9. Title: Royal Gallery-Biographies of the Kings of Spain, Madrid Literary Society
   Publication: Name: https://books.google.es/books?id=3IpJAAAAMAAJ&hl=es&pg=PA44#v=onepage&q&f=false;
   
10. Title: Wikipedia (Spanish) -Leovegildo
    Publication: Name: https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leovigildo;
    
11. Title: The biography of Leovigildo -it may be the translation, but this article leaves a lot to be desired
    Publication: Name: https://thebiography.us/en/leovigildo-rey-visigodo;
    Note: Leovigildo. Plaza de Oriente. Madrid. King of the Visigothic Spain, courageous and skillful general, one of the largest of its time Kings, true organizer of the Visigothic Spain. The consolidation of the Kingdom of Toledo. Partially accessed the throne between August and November of the year 568, by assignment of his brother Liuva, who was elected King of the Goths and that, in turn, reigned in Narbonne. Liuva died, between the 571 December and March of the 572, he/she assumed full powers. Married twice with intentions clearly policy. The first with Rinchilde, daughter of Chilperic and Fredegund,(this marriage never took place due to Chilperic's death and questions about the political support and dowry), (some historians claim that he/she was with Theodosia - who would have been a catholic along with her four sainted brothers and sister, daughter of Severian, Byzantine Governor of the Carthaginensi), and at his death, with Goisvintha (569), widow of his brother Athanagild, predecessor of Luiva. Hermenegildo and Reccared I, who, on the death of Liuva, Leovigildo handed over parts of his Kingdom (Septimania and Toledo) were born from his first marriage. He established his court in Toledo, where surrounded himself with an imperial pomp, being the first King who sat on a throne in the House of Lords, and he/she did record his own bust with Crown on the coins. Pursued opposition and pro-independence groups. He/She fought against the Byzantines, Malaga and Cordoba. In the year 571 occupied Medina-Sidonia, important stronghold and hub of the Byzantine province, which thus passed into the Visigothic hands; the previous year he/she had devastating the region around the city of Malaga, one of the most important Byzantine ports of Southeast; in 572, Leovigildo organized a new expedition to the southern part of the Bética, a resonant with the conquest of Cordoba, long time rebel victory to Visigoth power and with which the Kings Agila and Athanagild had failed time and again. The campaign of the year 574 on Cantabria Leovigildo culminated with the occupation and sacking of Amaya, capital of the Cantabrian territory. The autonomy of the Cantabrians was eliminated and the Cantabria region became, since then, Visigothic domain. Legal aspects, in the year 573 Leovigild enacted in the Codex Revisus, first great legislative work of the Spanish Visigothic Kingdom. It is a revision of the old code of Euric, in which those laws which were considered to be confusingly worded, added many forgotten have been corrected and new ones, and the superfluous is abolished. It appears that the legislation of this Codex Revisus was of general application, as he/she credited the fact that its laws would represent half of the content of a code of territorial so unmistakable character as it was the Liber Iudiciorum of Recceswinth future. The year 578 can be considered as the most important of the reign of Leovigildo: after prolonged efforts, peace reigned throughout the territory. Leovigildo is known, above all, for the tragic fact of the rebellion of his eldest son Hermenegildo. Liuvigild, in order to ensure his succession in his eldest son, married with Ingunthis, daughter of the Kings Sigebert and Bruniquilda, while Leovigild and his wife Goisvintha, were both fervent Arians. Frequent religious disputes led King to send to Hermenegildo Seville as Governor of southern Spain. The influence of his wife and the Catholic Bishop of Seville, Leandro, Hermenegildo induced to abandon the religion of their parents, rebelling with the remnants of the imperial army which was in Andalusia, and who also professed the Catholic religion. Leovigild tried by all procedures, to avoid a confrontation with its favorite son, but Hermenegildo, perhaps by ambition or fanaticism, refused to hear any proposals, seeing his father forced to take up arms to quell the rebellion of his own son. Immediately besieged Seville, which after two years of deprivation, surrendered, and Hermenegildo had to take refuge in the city of Cordoba, in the power of the Byzantines. Hermenegildo threw himself at the feet of his father, he/she asked for forgiveness. Leovigildo spared her life but deprived of the Regal attributes and sent him to Valencia, on the condition that it not abandon the city.A year when Hermenegildo left Valencia, road of Gaul, in search of support from the Franks to dethrone his father had not elapsed. Imprisoned in Tarragona, again the King tried to convince his son of the cessation of hostilities and the subjection to his authority, promising him freedom and dignity regia if again embraced Arianism. Rejected the offer of forgiveness, Liuvigild, full of anger, ordered his death. Liuvigild died in Toledo between April 13 and may 8 of the 586. He/She was succeeded by his son Reccared I.
    
12. Title: Encyclopedia Britiannica -Leovigild/Liuvigild
    Publication: Name: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leovigild;