Chindasuinth of the Visigoths

• Preferred Name: Chindasuinth of the Visigoths^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]}
  
• Alternate Name: Chindaswinthe I Balthes
  
• Gender: M
  
• Burial: 1 OCT 653 in Monasterio de San Román de Hornija, Valladolid, Kingdom of the Visigoths, Hipania at LATI: N1.6521 LONG: E4.7285 with note: Exact date and place from merged record
  
• Fact: with note: Description: https://www.wikizero.com/en/Chindasuinth
  
• Birth: aproximadamente 563 in Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, España at LATI: N9.8333 LONG: E4
  
• Fact: with note: Description: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chindasuinth
  
• Occupation: King of the WEST GOTHS
  
• Death: 30 SEP 653 in Toledo, Toledo, Castille La Mancha, Spain at LATI: N9.8623 LONG: E4.0268
  
• Religion: Nicene Christianity
  
• FSID: LZVS-6TL
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Wikipedia
  
  Chindasuinth (c. 563 – 30 September 653) was Visigothic King of Hispania, from 642 until his death in 653. He succeeded Tulga, from whom he took the throne in a coup. He was elected by the nobles and anointed by the bishops on April 30th, 642.
  
  Life
  Despite his great age (he was already 79 years old), a veteran of the Leovigild campaigns and the religious rebellions after conversions from Arianism were forced, his tyrannical and cruel character made the clergy and noblesse submit to him out of fear of execution and banishment. He cemented his control by preempting an alleged revolt: in a short period of time he executed over 200 Goths of the most noble families and 500 more from the petty nobility. Additionally, he arranged for the banishment of many potential adversaries and confiscation of their property. All this took place before any rebellion actually occurred and without any investigation or trial or, for that matter, actual belief that a revolt was pending.
  
  The Seventh Council of Toledo, held on 16 October 646, consented to and backed his actions, toughening the punishments applied to those who rose against the sovereign and extended them even to members of the clergy.
  
  Smothering all opposition, he brought peace to the realm and a degree of order not known previously. To continue his legacy, he had his son Recceswinth, at the urging of Braulio of Zaragoza, crowned co-king on January 20th, 649 and attempted to establish, as many had before, a hereditary monarchy.
  
  His associate-son was thence forth the true ruler of the Visigoths, presiding in the name of his father until 653, the year of the old man's passing.
  
  Despite his implacable politics, Chindasuinth is recorded in religious journals as a great benefactor of the church, donating many lands and bestowing privileges. He improved public estates with the confiscated goods of the dispossessed nobility as well as through improved taxation methods.
  
  In the military arena, he undertook campaigns against rebellious Basques and Lusitanians.
  
  As a legislator, he promulgated many laws dealing with civil matters. With the help of Braulio, bishop of Zaragoza, he began the elaboration of a territorial code of law to cover both the Gothic and Hispano-Roman populations. A draft form of that work, the Liber Iudiciorum, was promulgated in the second year of his reign.[1] It underwent refinement throughout the rest of his sovereignty and was finished by his son in 654. In 643 or 644 it superseded both the Breviary of Alaric used by the natives and the Code of Leovigild used by the Goths.
  
  According to Edward Gibbon, during his reign, Muslim raiders began harassing Iberia: "As early as the time of Othman (644–656), their piratical squadrons had ravaged the coast of Andalusia".[2] However, this reading poses a problem difficult to overcome: the Muslim Rashiduns were still struggling to conquer Tripolitania in present-day Libya.
  
  Chindasuinth spent the last years of his life, as so many mediaeval monarchs did, in acts of piety for the sake of his immortal soul. He commissioned St Fructuosus to build the monastery of San Román de Hornija on the Douro, with the intention of having it house his tomb. His remains rest there next to those of his wife, Riciberga.[3]
  
  Nevertheless, Eugene II, bishop of Toledo, provided a judgment on the life of this king by writing the following inscription:
  I, Chindasuinth, ever the friend of evil deeds: committer of crimes Chindaswinth I, impious, obscene, ugly and wicked; not seeking the best, valuing the worst.[4]
  
  Legacy
  Chindasuinth had three sons and one daughter by his wife, Riciberga.[3] The eldest, Recceswinth, succeeded him to the throne, and continued his reforms. The middle son, Theodofred, was blinded by Wamba and the progenitor of Roderic. The youngest son, Favila, was the ancestor of Pelayo.
  
  === Medlands Project ===
  Two possible siblings, parents not known:
  
  1. CHINDASVINTO (-Toledo 1 Oct 653). He was elected to succeed in 642 as CHINDASVINTO King of the Visigoths after deposing King Tulga, an act which was condoned by the seventh council of Toledo convened by the new king specially for the purpose. Fredegar records that "Chyntasindus" deposed King Tulga and succeeded in his place, ordering the killing of 200 magnates and 500 free men, who were likely to dispute his succession, and the distribution of their assets among his supporters[289]. The Continuator of Isidor's Historia Gothorum, Wandalorum, Sueborum records the accession of "Chindasuintus"[290]. "Chindasvintux rex et Reciverga regina" donated property to "monasterium…iuxta rivulum…Molina sub monte Irago" by charter dated 18 Oct 646, confirmed by "Odoarius comes cubiculariorum, Paulus comes notariorum, Evantus comes scanciarum, Richila comes patrimoniorum, Eumensfredus comes sparthariorum…"[291]. He abdicated in favour of his son in 649. Laterculus regum Visigothorum records the death "Kal Oct aera 691" of "Chindasuindus"[292]. The Chronicon Albeldense records that “Chindasvinctus” died in Toledo[293]. According to Fredegar, Chindasvinto was "a great age, ninety they say, when he died"[294], but this would seem greatly exaggerated in light of the estimated birth date of his son Theodefredo (see below). The Chronica Regum Visigotthorum records that “Chindusvinthus” reigned alone for six years, eight months and eleven days, and with “filio suo Reccesvintho” four years, eight months and eleven days, and died “pridie Kal Oct 691”[295]. m REKIBERGA, daughter of --- (-after 18 Oct 646). "Chindasvintux rex et Reciverga regina" donated property to "monasterium…iuxta rivulum…Molina sub monte Irago" by charter dated 18 Oct 646[296]. Nothing is known about the family origin of King Chindasvinto´s wife, or whether this named wife was the mother of both his children who are named below. The estimated birth date of the king´s son Theodefredo suggests that he may have been the son of Rekiberga. King Chindasvinto and [his wife] had two children:
  
  a) RECESVINTO (-Villa of Gérticos [Wamba, Valladolid][297] 1 Sep 672, bur [Gérticos], transferred 13th century to Toledo[298]). Fredegar names "Chyntasindus…filium suum Richysindum"[299]. His father associated him as joint king, and abdicated in his favour in 649 whereupon he was elected to succeed as RECESVINTO King of the Visigoths. The Chronicle of 754 records that "in the era 685 (647)" Chindasvinto "established his loose-living but generous son Reccesuinth as king of the Goths" and that he ruled for 24 years[300]. He suppressed the rebellion of Froja who, with his Basque allies invaded Tarraconense and held Zaragoza for several months in [653], but was killed by King Recesvinto[301]. Previous legal codes were consolidated and published in [654] as the Liber iudiciorum or Fuero Juzgo[302]. Laterculus regum Visigothorum records the death "Kal Sep 672" of "Reccesuindus"[303]. The Chronicle of Alfonso III records that Recesvinto died a natural death at "his own villa…Gerticos…now called Bamba…near Mt Caure"[304]. The Chronica Regum Visigotthorum records that “Chindusvinthus” reigned with “filio suo Reccesvintho” four years, eight months and eleven days, and that Recesvinto ruled alone 23 years, seven months and eleven days, and died “Kal Sep A.D. 672”[305].
  
  b) THEODOFREDO ([645/53]-after 702). The Chronicle of Alfonso III names "Theodefred…the son of King Chindasuinth, his father abandoning him at a young age", adding that King Egica ordered him to be blinded when he reached maturity[306], presumably aiming to exclude him from the succession in line with the practice in the Eastern Empire, where blindness was considered an impediment to ruling and therefore constituted an effective way of disempowering an opponent short of killing him (although many did succumb as a result of the treatment). It is not recorded whether the punishment was carried out. The same source records that Theodofredo settled in Córdoba. The Chronicle of Alfonso III records that he was murdered by Witiza King of the Visigoths[307]. m (after 687) RICILO, daughter of ---. The Chronicle of Alfonso III records that Theodefredo "chose a wife…Ricilo, from a noble family" during his exile[308]. Theodofredo & his wife had [four] children:
  
  i) RODRIGO (Córdoba [688/90]-killed in battle Guadalete [20] Jul 711). The Chronicle of Alfonso III names "Roderic…the son of Theodefred…the son of King Chindasuinth" when recording his accession[309]. His birth date is estimated from his father's marriage having taken place after his exile to Córdoba, following the succession of King Egica in 687. He was elected to succeed in 710 as RODRIGO King of the Visigoths in Spain. The Continuator of Isidor's Historia Gothorum, Wandalorum, Sueborum records the accession of "Rudericus"[310]. The Ajbar Machmua records the succession of "Rodrigo…que no era de estirpe real" [specifying his non-royal ancestry presumably in an attempt to denigrate him] after the death of "el rey de España Gaitixa", adding that he raped "la hija de Julian" [Governor of Ceuta] who had been sent to his court, her father suggesting the conquest of Spain to Musa bin Nusayr [Governor of Ifrikiyah] in revenge[311]. Ibn-el Kouthya states that, after the death of his wife, "un négociant étranger…Julien" confided his daughter to Rodrigo who "devint épris de ses charmes et satisfit sa passion", after which Julián suggested the idea of conquering Andalucía to "Tharik fils de Ziad"[312]. Ibn Abd-el-Hakem records that "a foreigner…Ilyan Lord of Septa…[and] governor of…Alchadra…had sent one of his daughters to Roderic the Lord of Andalus for her improvement and education, but she became pregnant by him", after which he encouraged "Tarik Ibn Zeiyad" governor of Tanger to invade Andalucía[313]. The Ajbar Machmua records a preliminary Muslim expedition of 400 men crossing into Spain, followed in 711 by an army of 7,000 "muslimes, en su mayor parte berberiscos y libertos, pues había poquisimos árabes", with a supplementary contingent of 5,000 men sent later by Musa bin Naser, who together defeated King Rodrigo and his army of 100,000 combatants "en un lugar llamado el Lago"[314]. The account is evidently romanticised, with detailed descriptions of Rodrigo´s horse, his bejewelled gold saddle, and the king´s disappearance without trace after being unseated from his mount. Ibn-el Kouthya states that "Tharik fils de Ziad" defeated Rodrigo "sur les bords du Guadalété, dans la province de Sidonia"[315]. Ibn Abd-el-Hakem records that the battle was fought at "Shedunia, in…the valley of Umm-Hakim", where Rodrigo was killed[316]. The Muslims pushed northwards to take Córdoba and were invited into Toledo by the supporters of Akila[317]. Ibn-el Kouthya states that Rodrigo asked for assistance from "les fils de Witiza, qui avaient déjà attaint l'âge de puberté et pouvaient monter à cheval", but that "Almounz…avec ses deux frères" betrayed Rodrigo and informed "Tharik fils de Ziad"[318]. m as her first husband, EGILONA [Eilo], daughter of ---. She married secondly Abd al-Aziz, Governor of Seville. The Ajbar Machmua records that "Abdo-l-Aziz" married "la mujer de Rodrigo…Umm-Asim", who persuaded her second husband to wear a crown which was seen as unislamic[319]. Her two marriages are confirmed by Ibn Abd-el-Hakem who records that "Abd-Elaziz Ibn Musa, after the departure of his father, had married a Christian lady, a daughter of a king of Andalus…Roderic whom Tarik killed" (after Oct 713)[320]. Ibn Idhari´s Al-Bayan Al-Moghrib records that “Abd el-Aziz” married “Aylo veuve de Loderik, laquelle fut la mère d´Açim (Oumm-Açim) et avec qui il habita à Seville”[321]. From a chronological point of view, it appears impossible that she was “la mère d´Açim (Oumm-Açim)”: it is suggested that this text refers to her own change of name after marriage, which appears corroborated by the next source. Ibn-el Kouthya records that Abd el-Aziz married "une femme de la nation des Goths…Oumm-Aasim", which was deeply unpopular[322]. According to Arab sources, she persuaded her second husband to wear a crown, seen as un-Islamic by his colleagues, who assassinated him in 715[323].
  
  ii) [--- . m ---.] One child:
  
  (a) [son . Ibn Abd-el-Hakem records that the governor of "a citadel called Faras two days' journey from Toledo" was "a nephew of Roderic", and that he yielded "the table" to Tarik ibn Zaid after his arrival in the city[324]. If Rodrigo's birth date is correctly estimated above, it is more likely that this "nephew" was a more remote relation than the son of one of his siblings, assuming that the report in this source is correct.]
  
  iii) [daughter . m ---.] One child:
  
  (a) BENGO (-killed in battle 711). Ibn Idhari records that "Ruderiq" sent his armies, under the command of "un hijo de una hermana…Bengo", to meet "Tariq y los suyos" after the latter invaded the Iberian peninsula adding that "Bengo" was killed in battle[325]. If Rodrigo's birth date is correctly estimated above, it is more likely that "Bengo" was a more remote relation than the son of one of his sisters, assuming that the report in this source is correct.
  
  iv) [FÁFILA (-[murdered before 702]). Fáfila is shown in Europäische Stammtafeln[326] as the possible son of Theodefredo, but the primary source on which this information is based has not been identified. According to Barrau-Dihigo, Fáfila's alleged possible family relationship with the Visigothic kings was an invention of the 18th century [327]. [Duque de Cantabria]: De Rebus Hispaniæ names "Pelagium filium Fafilæ ducis Cantabriæ"[328], which according to Barrau-Dihigo is the only reference to Fáfila bearing this title[329]. The historical basis for supposing that there was a "Dukedom of Cantabria" under the Visigot

1. Goda , b. 610 in Grécia    
2. Recesvinto of the Visigoths, b. ABT 630 in Kingdom of the Visigoths, Hispania     d. 1 SEP 672 in Villa of Gérticos, Valladolid, Kingdom of the Visigoths, Hispania
3. Princess Tavira Glasuinda of the visigoths, b. 623 in Europa    

1. Title: Geni -this filed contains numerous errors; sources cited do not agree with information presented
   Publication: Name: https://www.geni.com/people/Chindasvinto-rey-de-los-visigodos/6000000012138111588?through=6000000004335337720;
   
2. Title: Legacy NFS Source: King Visigoths Cindaswinth - birth:
   Author: One World Tree (sm), Ancestry.com, Name: Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., n.d.;, www.ancestry.com
   Note: birth: Source Medium: Ancestry.com death: Source Medium: Ancestry.com Source Medium: Ancestry.com
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3244922896
   
3. Title: Wikiwand: Chindasuinth
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Chindasuinth;
   Note: Chindasuinth (also spelled Chindaswinth, Chindaswind, Chindasuinto, Chindasvindo, or Khindaswinth (Latin: Chintasvintus, Cindasvintus; c. 563 – 30 September 653) was Visigothic King of Hispania, from 642 until his death in 653. He succeeded Tulga, from whom he took the throne in a coup. He was elected by the nobles and anointed by the bishops on April 30th, 642. Life Despite his great age (he was already 79 years old), a veteran of the Leovigild campaigns and the religious rebellions after conversions from Arianism were forced, his tyrannical and cruel character made the clergy and noblesse submit to him out of fear of execution and banishment. He cemented his control by preempting an alleged revolt: in a short period of time he executed over 200 Goths of the most noble families and 500 more from the petty nobility. Additionally, he arranged for the banishment of many potential adversaries and confiscation of their property. All this took place before any rebellion actually occurred and without any investigation or trial or, for that matter, actual belief that a revolt was pending. The Seventh Council of Toledo, held on October 16th, 646 consented to and backed his actions, toughening the punishments applied to those who rose against the sovereign and extended them even to members of the clergy. Smothering all opposition, he brought peace to the realm and a degree of order not known previously. To continue his legacy, he had his son Recceswinth, at the urging of Braulio of Zaragoza, crowned co-king on January 20th, 649 and attempted to establish, as many had before, a hereditary monarchy. His associate-son was thence forth the true ruler of the Visigoths, presiding in the name of his father until 653, the year of the old man's passing. Despite his implacable politics, Chindasuinth is recorded in religious journals as a great benefactor of the church, donating many lands and bestowing privileges. He improved public estates with the confiscated goods of the dispossessed nobility as well as through improved taxation methods. In the military arena, he undertook campaigns against rebellious Basques and Lusitanians. As a legislator, he promulgated many laws dealing with civil matters. With the help of Braulio, bishop of Zaragoza, he began the elaboration of a territorial code of law to cover both the Gothic and Hispano-Roman populations. A draft form of that work, the Liber Iudiciorum, was promulgated in the second year of his reign. It underwent refinement throughout the rest of his sovereignty and was finished by his son in 654. In 643 or 644 it superseded both the Breviary of Alaric used by the natives and the Code of Leovigild used by the Goths. According to Edward Gibbon, during his reign, Muslim raiders began harassing Iberia: "As early as the time of Othman (644–656), their piratical squadrons had ravaged the coast of Andalusia." However, this reading poses a problem difficult to overcome: the Muslim Rashiduns were still struggling to conquer Tripolitania in present-day Libya. Chindasuinth spent the last years of his life, as so many mediaeval monarchs did, in acts of piety for the sake of his immortal soul. He commissioned St Fructuosus to build the monastery of San Román de Hornija on the Douro, with the intention of having it house his tomb. His remains rest there next to those of his wife, Riciberga. Nevertheless, Eugene II, bishop of Toledo, provided a judgment on the life of this king by writing the following inscription: "I, Chindasuinth, ever the friend of evil deeds: committer of crimes Chindaswinth I, impious, obscene, ugly and wicked; not seeking the best, valuing the worst." Legacy Chindasuinth had three sons and one daughter by his wife, Riciberga. The eldest, Recceswinth, succeeded him to the throne, and continued his reforms. The middle son, Theodofred, was blinded by Wamba and the progenitor of Roderic. The youngest son, Favila, was the ancestor of Pelayo. Sources . Collins, Roger. "Visigothic Spain," 409–711. Blackwell Publishing, 2004. King, P. D. "King Chindasvind and the First Territorial Law-code of the Visiogothic Kingdom." "Visigothic Spain: New Approaches," ed. Edward James. Oxford," Clarendon Press, 1980. pp 131–157. . Thompson, E. A.. The Goths in Spain. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969.
   
4. Title: Wikipedia - Chindasuinth
   Author: Collins, Roger. Visigothic Spain, 409–711. Blackwell Publishing, 2004. King, P. D. "King Chindasvind and the First Territorial Law-code of the Visiogothic Kingdom." Visigothic Spain: New Approaches. ed. Edward James. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980. pp 131–157. Thompson, E. A.. The Goths in Spain. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969.
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikipedia.org//wiki/Chindasuinth;
   Note: Chindasuinth (also spelled Chindaswinth, Chindaswind, Chindasuinto, Chindasvindo, or Khindaswinth (Latin: Chintasvintus, Cindasvintus; c. 563 – 30 September 653) was Visigothic King of Hispania, from 642 until his death in 653. He succeeded Tulga, from whom he took the throne in a coup. He was elected by the nobles and anointed by the bishops on April 30th, 642. Life Despite his great age (he was already 79 years old), a veteran of the Leovigild campaigns and the religious rebellions after conversions from Arianism were forced, his tyrannical and cruel character made the clergy and noblesse submit to him out of fear of execution and banishment. He cemented his control by preempting an alleged revolt: in a short period of time he executed over 200 Goths of the most noble families and 500 more from the petty nobility. Additionally, he arranged for the banishment of many potential adversaries and confiscation of their property. All this took place before any rebellion actually occurred and without any investigation or trial or, for that matter, actual belief that a revolt was pending. The Seventh Council of Toledo, held on 16 October 646, consented to and backed his actions, toughening the punishments applied to those who rose against the sovereign and extended them even to members of the clergy. Chindasuinth holding the law, as portrayed in the tenth-century Codex Vigilanus. Smothering all opposition, he brought peace to the realm and a degree of order not known previously. To continue his legacy, he had his son Recceswinth, at the urging of Braulio of Zaragoza, crowned co-king on January 20th, 649 and attempted to establish, as many had before, a hereditary monarchy. His associate-son was thence forth the true ruler of the Visigoths, presiding in the name of his father until 653, the year of the old man's passing. Despite his implacable politics, Chindasuinth is recorded in religious journals as a great benefactor of the church, donating many lands and bestowing privileges. He improved public estates with the confiscated goods of the dispossessed nobility as well as through improved taxation methods. In the military arena, he undertook campaigns against rebellious Basques and Lusitanians. As a legislator, he promulgated many laws dealing with civil matters. With the help of Braulio, bishop of Zaragoza, he began the elaboration of a territorial code of law to cover both the Gothic and Hispano-Roman populations. A draft form of that work, the Liber Iudiciorum, was promulgated in the second year of his reign.[1] It underwent refinement throughout the rest of his sovereignty and was finished by his son in 654. In 643 or 644 it superseded both the Breviary of Alaric used by the natives and the Code of Leovigild used by the Goths. According to Edward Gibbon, during his reign, Muslim raiders began harassing Iberia: "As early as the time of Othman (644–656), their piratical squadrons had ravaged the coast of Andalusia".[2] However, this reading poses a problem difficult to overcome: the Muslim Rashiduns were still struggling to conquer Tripolitania in present-day Libya. Chindasuinth spent the last years of his life, as so many mediaeval monarchs did, in acts of piety for the sake of his immortal soul. He commissioned St Fructuosus to build the monastery of San Román de Hornija on the Douro, with the intention of having it house his tomb. His remains rest there next to those of his wife, Riciberga.[3] Nevertheless, Eugene II, bishop of Toledo, provided a judgment on the life of this king by writing the following inscription: I, Chindasuinth, ever the friend of evil deeds: committer of crimes Chindaswinth I, impious, obscene, ugly and wicked; not seeking the best, valuing the worst.[4] Legacy[edit] Chindasuinth had three sons and one daughter by his wife, Riciberga.[3] The eldest, Recceswinth, succeeded him to the throne, and continued his reforms. The middle son, Theodofred, was blinded by Wamba and the progenitor of Roderic. The youngest son, Favila, was the ancestor of Pelayo.
   
5. Title: you tube -Chindasuinth
   Publication: Name: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbGtDuwV5Lg;
   
6. Title: Royal Gallery-Biographies of the Kings of Spain, Madrid Literary Society
   Publication: Name: https://books.google.es/books?id=3IpJAAAAMAAJ&hl=es&pg=PA44#v=onepage&q&f=false;
   
7. Title: Wikipedia - List of Queens of the Visigoths
   Author: Bibliography José Orlandis Rovira, "La reina en la monarquía visigoda", Anuario de Historia del Derecho Español 27–8 (1957–58): 109–35. E. García Zueco, "Una aproximación a la figura de la Reina visigoda", Memorana, II (1998). Amancio Isla Frez, "Reinas de los godos", Hispania 64 (2004).
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Visigothic_queens;
   Note: The names of only a few of the queens of the Visigoths are known. As the Gothic monarchy was elective, all queens were such only as consorts of their husbands. In his Chronicon John of Biclarum styles Goisuintha "queen" (regina) under the years 579 and 589. The wife of Reccared I subscribed to the canons of the Third Council of Toledo as "I, Baddo, glorious queen" (ego Baddo, gloriosa regina). There are at least three published studies on queenship among the Visigoths. List of queens Aelia Galla Placidia, wife of Ataulf (414–15) Flavia Valiana, wife of Theodoric I (418–51) Ragnagild (Ragnachildis), wife of Euric (466–84) Theodegotha, wife of Alaric II (494–507) Clotilde (Chrodechildis), wife of Amalaric (511/26–31) Goisuintha (Goiswintha), wife of Athanagild (554–67) Theodosia of Cartagena, first wife of Liuvigild (568–86) Goisuintha (Goiswintha), second time, second wife of Liuvigild Ingund (Ingunda), wife of Hermenegild (580–85), married 579 Baddo (Bauda), wife of Reccared I (580–601), predeceased him Hildoara, wife of Gundemar (610–12) Theodora [ru], wife of Suintila (621–31) Recciberga, wife of Chindasuinth (642–53) Liuvigoto, wife of Erwig (680–87) Cixilo, wife of Egica (687–702), married 670, but repudiated late 687 Egilona, wife of Roderic (710–11/2)
   
8. Title: Royal Gallery, Biographies of the Kings of Spain, Madrid Literary Society
   Publication: Name: https://books.google.es/books?id=3IpJAAAAMAAJ&hl=es&pg=PA44#v=onepage&q&f=false;
   
9. Title: "Medieval Iberia," by Olivia Remie Constable
   Author: University of Pennsylvania Press, Jan 1, 1997
   Publication: Name: https://books.google.com/books?id=CCj3Dr1WUdsC&pg=PA387&dq=tulga+medieval+Spain&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjt4N7X0dvJAhWGJh4KHewmD7oQ6AEIMDAE#v=snippet&q=khindaswinth&f=false;
   
10. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
    Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/VANDALS,%20SUEVI,%20VISIGOTHS.htm#_ftnref288;
    Note: CHINDASVINTO (-Toledo 1 Oct 653). He was elected to succeed in 642 as CHINDASVINTO King of the Visigoths after deposing King Tulga, an act which was condoned by the seventh council of Toledo convened by the new king specially for the purpose. Fredegar records that "Chyntasindus" deposed King Tulga and succeeded in his place, ordering the killing of 200 magnates and 500 free men, who were likely to dispute his succession, and the distribution of their assets among his supporters[289]. The Continuator of Isidor's Historia Gothorum, Wandalorum, Sueborum records the accession of "Chindasuintus"[290]. "Chindasvintux rex et Reciverga regina" donated property to "monasterium…iuxta rivulum…Molina sub monte Irago" by charter dated 18 Oct 646, confirmed by "Odoarius comes cubiculariorum, Paulus comes notariorum, Evantus comes scanciarum, Richila comes patrimoniorum, Eumensfredus comes sparthariorum…"[291]. He abdicated in favour of his son in 649. Laterculus regum Visigothorum records the death "Kal Oct aera 691" of "Chindasuindus"[292]. The Chronicon Albeldense records that “Chindasvinctus” died in Toledo[293]. According to Fredegar, Chindasvinto was "a great age, ninety they say, when he died"[294], but this would seem greatly exaggerated in light of the estimated birth date of his son Theodefredo (see below). The Chronica Regum Visigotthorum records that “Chindusvinthus” reigned alone for six years, eight months and eleven days, and with “filio suo Reccesvintho” four years, eight months and eleven days, and died “pridie Kal Oct 691”[295]. m REKIBERGA, daughter of --- (-after 18 Oct 646). "Chindasvintux rex et Reciverga regina" donated property to "monasterium…iuxta rivulum…Molina sub monte Irago" by charter dated 18 Oct 646[296]. Nothing is known about the family origin of King Chindasvinto´s wife, or whether this named wife was the mother of both his children who are named below. The estimated birth date of the king´s son Theodefredo suggests that he may have been the son of Rekiberga. King Chindasvinto and [his wife] had two children: a) RECESVINTO (-Villa of Gérticos [Wamba, Valladolid][297] 1 Sep 672, bur [Gérticos], transferred 13th century to Toledo b) THEODOFREDO ([645/53]-after 702)