Waroch de Broërec

• Preferred Name: Waroch de Broërec^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}
  
• Alternate Name: Broërec
  
• Gender: M
  
• FSID: G6PJ-3D6
  
• Tribe Name: with note: Description: Tribe of the Veneti
  
• Birth: ABT 550 in Broërec, Brittany, France at LATI: N8.3185 LONG: E2.9377
  
• Death: 594 in Broërec, Brittany, France at LATI: N8.3185 LONG: E2.9377
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: King of Broêrecfrom 0577 until after 0594
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Waroch (Breton: Gwereg) was an early Breton ruler of the Vannetais (Gwened).
  
  Waroch, or his grandfather Waroch I, gave his name to the traditional Breton province of Bro-Waroch ("land of Waroch"). However, it is possible that there were several successive local leaders with this name. He is called "Waroch II" to distinguish him from a hypothetical earlier ruler, Waroch I.
  
  In 578, the Frankish king Chilperic I sent an army to fight Waroch along the Vilaine. The Frankish army consisted of units from Poitou, Touraine, Anjou, Maine and Bayeux. The Baiocassenses "men from Bayeux" were Saxons and they in particular were routed by the Bretons. The armies fought for three days before Waroch submitted, did homage for Vannes, sent his son as a hostage, and agreed to pay an annual tribute.
  
  In 587, Guntram compelled obedience from Waroch. He forced the renewal of the oath of 578 in writing and demanded 1,000 solidi in compensation for raiding the Nantais. In 588 the compensation was not yet paid as Waroch promised it to both Guntram and Chlothar II, who probably had suzerainty over Vannes.
  
  In 589 or 590, Guntram sent an expedition against Waroch under Beppolem and Ebrachain, mutual enemies. Ebrachain was also the enemy of Fredegund, queen consort to Chilperic, who sent the Saxons of Bayeux to aid Waroch. Beppolem fought alone for three days before dying, at which point Waroch tried to flee to the Channel Islands, but Ebrachain destroyed his ships and forced him to accept a peace, the renewal of the oath, and the giving up of a nephew as a hostage. This was all to no effect. The Bretons maintained their independent-mindedness.

• m. BEF 580 in France

• m. BEF 580 in Europe

1. Canao de Broerec II, b. ABT 570 in France     d. 635

1. Title: Wikipedia - History of Brittany
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brittany;
   Note: Immigration of Britons Toward the end of the 4th century, the Britons of what is now Wales and the South-Western peninsula of Great Britain began to emigrate to Armorica. The Romano-Britons The history behind such an establishment is unclear, but medieval Breton, Angevin and Welsh sources connect it to a figure known as Conan Meriadoc. Welsh literary sources assert that Conan came to Armorica on the orders of the Roman usurper Magnus Maximus,[a] who sent some of his British troops to Gaul to enforce his claims and settled them in Armorica. This account was supported by the Counts of Anjou, who claimed descent from a Roman soldier[b] expelled from Lower Brittany by Conan on Magnus's orders. The Refugee-Britons Regardless of the truth of this story, Brythonic (British Celtic) settlement probably increased during the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries. Scholars such as Léon Fleuriot have suggested a two-wave model of migration from Britain which saw the emergence of an independent Breton people and established the dominance of the Brythonic Breton language in Armorica.[23] Their petty kingdoms are now known by the names of the counties that succeeded them—Domnonée (Devon), Cornouaille (Cornwall), Léon (Caerleon); but these names in Breton and Latin are in most cases identical to their British homelands. (In Breton and French, however, Gwened or Vannetais continued the name of the indigenous Veneti.) Although the details remain confused, these colonies consisted of related and intermarried dynasties which repeatedly unified (as by the 7th-century Saint Judicaël) before splintering again according to Celtic inheritance practices. Middle Ages The Kingdom of Brittany At the beginning of the medieval era, Brittany was divided among three kingdoms, Domnonea, Cornouaille and Broërec. These realms eventually merged into a single state during the 9th century.[25][26] The unification of Brittany was carried out by Nominoe, king between 845 and 851 and considered as the Breton Pater Patriae. His son Erispoe secured the independence of the new kingdom of Brittany and won the Battle of Jengland against Charles the Bald. The Bretons won another war in 867, and the kingdom reached then its maximum extent: It received parts of Normandy, Maine and Anjou and the Channel Islands. Viking occupation Brittany was heavily attacked by the Vikings at the beginning of the 10th century. The kingdom lost its eastern territories, including Normandy and Anjou, and the county of Nantes was given to Fulk I of Anjou in 909. However, Nantes was seized by the Vikings in 914. The Duchy of Brittany Nantes was eventually liberated by Alan II of Brittany in 937 with the support of his god-brother King Æthelstan of England. Alan II totally expelled the Vikings from Brittany and recreated a strong Breton state. For aiding in removing the problem Alan paid homage to Louis IV of France (who was Æthelstan's nephew and had returned from England in the same year as Alan II) and thus Brittany ceased to be a kingdom and became a duchy. Norman allies Several Breton lords helped William the Conqueror to invade England and received large estates there (e.g. William's double-second cousin Alan Rufus and the latter's brother Brian of Brittany). Some of these lords were powerful rivals. Internal disputes Medieval Brittany was far from being a united nation. The French king maintained envoys in Brittany, alliances contracted by local lords often overlapped and there was no specific Breton unity. For example, Brittany replaced Latin with French as its official language in the 13th century, 300 years before France did so, and the Breton language didn't have formal status. The foreign policy of the Duchy changed many times; the Dukes were usually independent, but they often contracted alliances with England or France depending on who was threatening them at that point. Their support for each nation became very important during the 14th century because the English kings had started to claim the French throne. The Breton War of Succession, a local episode of the Hundred Years' War, saw the House of Blois, backed by the French, fighting with the House of Montfort, backed by the English. The Montforts won in 1364 and enjoyed a period of total independence until the end of the Hundred Years' War, because France was weakened and stopped sending royal envoys to the Court of Brittany. English diplomatic failures led to the Breton cavalry commanders Arthur, Comte de Richemont (later to become Arthur III, Duke of Brittany) and his nephew Peter II, Duke of Brittany playing key roles on the French side during the deciding stages of the war (including the battles of Patay, Formigny and Castillon and the Treaty of Arras). Brittany importantly lost the Mad War against France in 1488, mostly because of its internal divisions that were exacerbated by the corruption at the court of Francis II, Duke of Brittany. Indeed, some rebel Breton lords were fighting on the French side.
   
2. Title: Geni -site has a map of Brittany, but it is undated and unaccredited
   Publication: Name: https://www.geni.com/people/Waroch-Bro%C3%ABrec/6000000002188327131?through=6000000002188327119;
   
3. Title: History Files.co.uk - Map of Amorica
   Author: (Information by Peter Kessler, with additional information by Geoffrey Tobin and Edward Dawson, from The Ethnology of Germany Part 3: The Migration of the Saxons, Henry H Howorth (Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol 7, 1878), from The History of the Franks, Volume II, Gregory of Tours (O M Dalton, Trans, 1967), from Brittany: Many Kingdoms or One?, Jean-Michel Pognat, from Province and Empire: Brittany and the Carolingians, Julia M H Smith, part of The Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought series (1992), from The History of Normandy and of England, Francis Palgrave (1864), from History of the Kings of Britain, Geoffrey of Monmouth, and from English Historical Documents c.500-1042: Chronicle of Nantes (Chapter 27), Dorothy Whitelock (Ed, Second Edition, 1979).)
   Publication: Name: https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/FeaturesBritain/ArmoricaMap.htm;
   Note: MapBro Erech / Gwened / Vannes The north-western corner of today's France was known during the Roman period as Armorica. The tribe of the Veneti had been the most powerful of Armorica's tribes, and that name gradually changed during the Roman occupation to be applied to the territory itself as Vannetais. This was how Armorica was initially known to the Britons who began migrating there in the fourth century AD, during a period in which British town life appears to have declined. The low-key migration from Britain into Armorica seems to have picked up noticeably in the mid-fourth century, but it became a flood in the unsettled fifth century. Tradition certainly maintains that the British colony in Armorica was founded before the expedition of Constantine III in 407. People arrived mainly from the south-west of Britain, from Dumnonia and Cornubia, and each group retained its ethnic name (ergo the people in each region knew exactly what they were ethnically or tribally, regardless of who was king over them). This new colony of Britons formed in a region that was beginning to drift out of firm Roman control. The colony's traditional first king, Conan Meriadog, ruled Armorica as the kingdom of Vannetais, maintaining the local Belgic tribal name. The area was permanently 'freed' of Roman control by Magnus Maximus as the first stage of his invasion of Gaul in 383. Conan was placed in command, with a probable capital in Vannes. The usual Celtic practice of dividing territory between sons soon created the smaller principalities out of Vannetais during the course of the fifth and sixth centuries whilst other Britons also popped over from the mainland to found their own principalities. This was the easternmost of Armorica's British kingdoms. The precise circumstances surrounding its founding are shrouded in myth and half-remembered oral tradition, but it seem to have existed by the early decades of the sixth century. The Armorican territories of what came to be known as Brittany (literally 'Little Britain') began to be established during the Late Roman empire period thanks to unsettled conditions in Britain itself and the apparent weakness of Rome's central authority. The campaigns of Magnus Maximus (AD 383-388) and Constantine III (AD 407-411 onwards) in Europe appear to have contributed a great deal to setting up the Armorican colonies. Situated nearest the Frankish border and seemingly including Rennes within its territory, Bro Erech is shown alternatively as Broërec or Bro Ereg. It was the surviving portion of the Vannetais kingdom, after Cornouaille and Domnonia had become separate principalities in their own right. This shrunken Vannetais continued to bear that name until it was re-titled Bro Erech, the name deriving from Waroch (as Bro-Waroch - often touted as the founder of the principality), and this was first mentioned in the Lives of the Saints. It was also mentioned by Gregory of Tours, who located many of the events of his lifetime near Vannes, seemingly an important site in Vannetais and named after the former Veneti Celtic tribe of the area whose Romanised remnants were quickly absorbed by the new British arrivals. However, precisely which Waroch was responsible for renaming the kingdom is uncertain. There were two of them within the space of half a century, making any educated guess near impossible. Map of British Armorica The kingdom of Vannetais was largely formed out of territory that today is part of Brittany, plus eastward extensions which fluctuated over time. Vannetais was created during the late fourth century and enjoyed a peak of expansion and power up until 491. This 'Little Britain' covered Gaul to the north of the Loire, up to Blois. But, once the Franks had conquered that latter town, something far closer to the traditional borders of Brittany were very quickly established and remained much the same until Breton independence was finally lost, by marriage into the French crown and under the terms of the Treaty of Vannes in 1532. Conan Meriadog oversaw the beginings of British settlement in the region, with various groups from Britain founding their own minor principalities or sub-kingdoms, all of which seem to have acknowledged the overall superiority of the kings of the Bretons. The name Vannetais seemingly continued to be used in the kingdom's eastern territories until they were renamed to Bro Erech in honour of Waroch in the sixth century. The map used here depicts the established borders of the kingdom of Brittany but shows, where possible, lands that were part of the greater Breton holdings at various times. (NB: The positioning of Poher on this map is roughly calculated from the little available evidence, and may not be entirely correct.)
   
4. Title: Glenac.com - The story of Waroch de Broërec
   Publication: Name: http://www.glenac.com/ASSEMBLAGE/histoire.htm;
   Note: WAROC'H II. Son of Maclio, the fiery Waroc'h II whose personality was such that he conferred on the small Vannes kingdom the name of his last great monarch, Bro Waroc, who later became Broëroc, then Broërec. If we refer to the recent works of Jean Delumeau, Waroc'h deserves better than his romantic image of Celtic condottiere accredited by the "Barzaz Breiz" of Viscount Hersart de la Villemarqué. He would have been, in fact, the leader of a relatively large fleet, anchored in the Gulf of Morbihan and possessor of great wealth in precious metal. The power that these assets could provide him would easily explain this thirst for reconquest that he manifested throughout his life to bring back to Brittany the territories occupied by the Franks. -Details of Mortar Battle - full description As they were on the banks of the Vilaine River, Waroc'h, oblivious of the oaths and hostages he had given, sent Canao, his son, with an army and, having taken the men he had found on the shore , he bound them. He killed those who resisted. Some who wanted to pass with horses, were thrown into the sea by the torrential course.