Michael Matthew Groat PhD's Genealogical Database

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Wacho 8th King of the Lombards


Preferred Parents:
Father: Zuchilo Prince of the Langobarden, b. ABT 472 in Pannonia, Roman Empire   d. ABT 530 in Pannonia, Roman Empire
Mother: Theodora AMALES the Ostrogoths, b. ABT 475 in Roman Empire   d. 526 in Cartagena, Spain

Family 1: Ostrogotha of Gepidae,      
Family 2: Austrigusa Königin der Lombarden,    b. 503 in Pannonia, Roman Empire    d. 572 in Sirmium, Pannonia, Roman Empire
  1. Waldrada Herzogin von Baiern, b. 535 in Lething, Lombardia, Italy     d. 26 JUN 572 in Vexin, Normandy, France
Family 3: Silinga of the Heruli Queen of the Lombards,    b. ABT 500 in Moravia, Barbarian Kingdoms   
Family 4: Raicunda von Thüringen Königin der Langobarden,    b. ABT 486 in Kingdom of Thuringia, Thüringen    d. 512 in Pannonia, Roman Empire
Sources:
  1. Title: Wikipedia, Rugiland (ceased to exist as "Rugiland after the death of King Feletheus 475-487 and was overrun by the Lombards)
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugiland;
    Note: The Kingdom of the Rugii or Rugiland was established by the Germanic Rugii in present-day Austria in the 5th century. History The Rugii were an East Germanic tribe who probably migrated from southwest Norway to Pomerania in the 1st century. In the beginning of the 4th century, the Rugii moved southwards and settled at the upper Tisza in ancient Pannonia, in what is now modern Hungary. They were later attacked by the Huns, and they fought alongside Atilla at the Battle of the Catalunian Plains in 451. In 453, they successfully rebelled against the Huns along with other Germanic tribes at the Battle of Nedao, after which they settled in the counties of Waldviertel and Weinviertel which lie north of the Danube. Nowadays these counties are part of Lower Austria but were never part of the Roman province of Noricum. Kingdom By 467, the Rugii ruled a kingdom based in Lower Austria under their king Flaccitheus. After his death in 475, Flaccitheus was succeeded by his son Feletheus, who was married to the Goth Gisa. In 476, Felethus supported the Herulian and Scirian mercenaries of Odoacer, who overthrew the Roman Emperor Romulus Augustus and made himself King of Italy. After the Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno attempted to create conflict between the Rugii and Odoacer, Feletheus killed his brother Ferderuchus, who supported Odoacer. Odoacer subsequently invaded the Kingdom of the Rugii, where he utterly defeated the Rugian troops and captured Feletheus and his wife, who were executed in Ravenna in 487. Their territory was subsequently settled by the Lombards. Two years later, the Rugii joined the Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great, who invaded Italy and defeated Odoacer in 493. List of kings Flaccitheus (454-475) Feletheus (475-487)
    Page: It does no appear that King Waccho would have been born in Rugiland
  2. Title: Wikipedia - Mährische Pforte
    Author: https://web.archive.org/web/20070928040910/http://www.przyrodapolska.pl/wrzesien05/brama.htm
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravian_Gate;
    Note: View from Starý Jičín over the Moravian Gate to the Oderské vrchy mountains The Moravian Gate (Czech: Moravská brána, Polish: Brama Morawska, German: Mährische Pforte, Slovak: Moravská brána) is a geomorphological feature in the Moravian region of the Czech Republic and the Upper Silesia region in Poland. It is formed by the depression between the Carpathian Mountains in the east and the Sudetes in the west. The drainage divide between the upper Oder river and the Baltic Sea in the north and the Bečva River of the Danube basin runs through it. Geography[edit] Moravian Gate on a geomorphical map of the Czech Republic It stretches from Moravia towards Czech Silesia north-eastward in the length of about 65 km (40 mi) and is bordered by the confluence of the Olza and the Odra (Oder) rivers in the north. Its crest is located between the villages of Olšovec and Bělotín at 310 m (1,020 ft). Because of its low altitude, the Moravian Gate has since ancient times been a natural pass between the Sudetes (Oderské vrchy range) in the northwest and the Western Carpathians (Moravian-Silesian Beskids) in the southeast. Here ran the most important trade routes, such as the Amber Road from the Baltic to the Adriatic coast, as well as roads from the Czech lands to Upper Silesia and Lesser Poland. Today the D1 highway leads from the Moravian capital Brno to Ostrava, the centre of the Moravian-Silesian Region. Further to the north the road reaches the border with Poland near the town of Racibórz and Wodzisław Śląski. The Austrian Northern Railway built in 1847 from Vienna to Bohumín also traverses the Moravian Gate.
  3. Title: August Wech Seitz in entry for Wilhelm Lütz, "Germany, Lutheran Baptisms, Marriages, and Burials, 1500-1971"
    Author: "Deutschland, ausgewählte evangelische Kirchenbücher 1500-1971," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QP2T-5LB6 : 24 October 2021), August Wech Seitz in entry for Wilhelm Lütz, 18 Jul 1914; images digitized and records extracted by Ancestry; citing Marriage, Asperg, Asperg, Asperg, Ludwigsburg, Württemberg, Deutschland, Asperg, German Lutheran Collection, various parishes, Germany.
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QP2T-5LB6;
  4. Title: Geni
    Publication: Name: https://www.geni.com/people/Waccho-king-of-the-Lombards/6000000002152926811?through=6000000001531398026;
    Note: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/HUNGARY.htm#Wachodied540 http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacho Wacho was hoofdman (koning) van de Langobarden van 510 tot 540. Hij benoemde zichzelf tot koning, nadat hij zijn oom Tato in 510 had vermoord. Van Wacho is bekend dat hij door middel van huwelijken goede relaties opbouwde met andere Germaanse koninkrijken. Wacho or Waccho (probably Waldchis) was king of the Lombards before they entered Italy from an unknown date (perhaps circa 510) until his death in 539. His father was Unichis. Wacho usurped the throne by assassinating (or having assassinated) his uncle, King Tato (again, probably around 510). Tato's son Ildchis fought with him and fled to the Gepids where he died. Wacho had good relations with the Franks. Wacho married three times. His first marriage was to Radigunde, daughter of Bisinus, King of the Thuringi. His second marriage was to Austrigusa, a Gepid possibly named after her maternal descent from Ostrogothic rulers. Austrigusa was the mother of two daughters: Wisigarda (who married Theudebert I of Austrasia) and Waldrada (who married firstly Theudebald of Austrasia, secondly Chlothar I, King of the Franks, and thirdly Garibald I of Bavaria). Wacho's third marriage was to Silinga, a Heruli-mother of Waltari. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacho Wikipedia Entry on Wacho (Retrieved 1-22-2009) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacho Wacho From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Wacho or Waccho (probably Waldchis) was king of the Lombards before they entered Italy from an unknown date (perhaps circa 510) until his death in 539. His father was Unichis. Wacho usurped the throne by assassinating (or having assassinated) his uncle, King Tato (again, probably around 510). Tato's son Ildchis fought with him and fled to the Gepids where he died.[1] Wacho had good relations with the Franks. Wacho married three times. His first marriage was to Radigunde, daughter of Bisinus, King of the Thuringi. His second marriage was to Austrigusa, a Gepid possibly named after her maternal descent from Ostrogothic rulers. Austrigusa was the mother of two daughters: Wisigarda (who married Theudebert I of Austrasia) and Waldrada (who married firstly Theudebald of Austrasia, secondly Chlothar I, King of the Franks, and thirdly Garibald I of Bavaria). Wacho's third marriage was to Silinga, a Heruli-mother of Waltari. A modern descendant are Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom. Notes 1. ^ Origo Gentis Langobardorum References * Origo Gentis Langobardorum
  5. Title: Wikipedia -Žuràn Hill
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDur%C3%A1%C5%88;
    Note: Žuráň is a small hill (268 metres) near the village of Podolí in the Czech Republic. Žuráň is also important as tumulus of ancient Germanic high aristocracy of Moravia (probably from 5th and 6th century - according to historian Josef Poulík king Wacho was buried there, but newer historians are not certain about identity of buried people) and a rich archaeological site.
  6. Title: Wikipedia - Wacho, King of Lombardy
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacho;
    Note: Wacho (also Waccho; probably from Waldchis[citation needed]) was king of the Lombards before they entered Italy from an unknown date (perhaps c. 510) until his death in 539. His father was Unichis. Wacho usurped the throne by assassinating (or having assassinated) his uncle, King Tato (again, probably around 510). Tato's son Ildchis fought with him and fled to the Gepids where he died.[1] Wacho had good relations with the Franks. Wacho married three times. His first marriage was to Raicunda, daughter of Bisinus, King of the Thuringi. His second marriage was to Austrigusa, a Gepid possibly named after her maternal descent from Ostrogothic rulers. Austrigusa was the mother of two daughters: Wisigarda (who married Theudebert I of Austrasia) and Waldrada (who married firstly Theudebald of Austrasia, secondly Chlothar I, King of the Franks, and thirdly Garibald I of Bavaria). Wacho's third marriage was to Silinga, a Heruli, mother of Waltari. According to some historians (Josef Poulík), he was buried on Žuráň hill, however, modern historians are not certain about it.
  7. Title: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waccho(french)
    Author: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waccho
    Publication: Name: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waccho;
    Note: Paul Deacon , History of the Lombards , Book I.Procopius of Caesarea , History of the War against the Goths ( De Bello Gothico ), chap. XXII, 2.
    Page: To support my viewpoint.
  8. Title: The History Files
    Author: (Information by Peter Kessler, with additional information by Edward Dawson and Vassil Karloukovski, from The Langobards and the 'Vulgares' in Historia Langobardorum, J Otto Maenchen-Helfen (California Press, 1973), from the Codex Gothanus, Lupus Servatus (commissioned by Eberhard of Friuli), from Histories, Annals, Tacitus, from Geography, Ptolemy, and from External Link: Geography, Strabo (H C Hamilton & W Falconer, London, 1903, Perseus Online Edition).)
    Publication: Name: https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/ItalyLombards.htm;
    Note: The Langobards (or Langobardi) originated in and above northern Silesia (now western Poland) as part of the Suevi confederation of tribes. It is possible that they, like the Goths, had earlier origins in southern Scandinavia and were forced to migrate due to population expansion. They were also known by their original ethnic name, the Winnili ('Winn' probably being Germanic for 'striving' and 'being victorious', added to an 'il/el' diminutive suffix and a Latin plural, '-il', producing something along the lines of 'the little tribe that succeeds in fighting' or 'the little winners'). The later name of that part of the tribe that apparently migrated out of Scandinavia was the Langobards, or 'hound clan'. Their founder is sometimes named as Sceafa Longbeardum, the Sceaf of Angeln who perhaps is confused with an early Langobard ruler of the same name, or hints at an early connection between the two tribes during (or before) their sojourn on the southern Baltic coastline in the first and second centuries AD. The Langobards played little part in the downfall of the Roman empire. Separated from the main Suebian host, they migrated south in the sixth century, filling the gap left on the north bank of the Danube in Hungary(Pannonia) by the collapse of the Huns. After being used as a mercenary army by the Byzantine empire, the Lombards began to invade northern Italy. Few Langobard leaders are known before the tribe entered into northern Italy, but Paul the Deacon's Historia Langobardorum, which was taken in part from the Origo Gentis Langobardorum, around the middle of the seventh century, does paint a creditable story of their origins in northern Central Europe. As a member of a long-established Lombard family in Italy, he was well placed to be able to access tribal folk tales, but his claim that the name 'Langobard' pertains to the length of the beards worn by the men is fanciful. A modern theory which contradicts the reasoning that the name means 'hound clan' suggests that it instead stems from one of the names of Odin, and was taken when the tribe made a conscious switch to the worship of that god. c.166 - c.300 The Langobards disappear from the historical record. One theory to explain the reason involves their occupation of territory that is so deep into the interior of Inner Germania that they are obscured by the growing tribal confederations that lie closer to the Roman empire. Another is their possible subjugation by one of those newly forming tribal confederations, that of the Saxons. The latter idea is supported by an entry in the Codex Gothanus which states that the Langobards are subjugated by the Saxons around 300. 254 By this time, the Suevi have formed a wide-ranging confederation of tribes that are all known individually but which are counted as being Suevi. The vast number of tribes included in the confederation include the Aestii, Angles, Aviones, Buri, Cotini, Eudoses, Gutones, Hermunduri (who have virtually ceased to exist as a recognisable independent people), Langobards, Lugii (a name applied to several tribes: the Harii, Helisii, Helveconae, Manimi, and Naharvali), Marcomanni, Marsigni, Naristi, Nuitones, Osi, Quadi, Reudigni, Semnones, Sitones, Suardones, Suiones (Swedes), and the Warini. c.300 - c.375 According to the Codex Gothanus, the Langobards rise up against the Saxons under their own king, Agelmund. The reason may be the poor harvests that they suffer in the late fourth century. The Langobards begin to migrate southwards, but Ludo Moritz Hartmann suggests that they probably leave behind a sizable portion of their number, with these people being fully subsumed within the Saxon confederation and losing their name. fl c.375 - 415? Agelmund King of the Langobards. Reigned 40 years. Killed in an ambush. 390s The Langobards descend southwards from the Elbe and enter into Moravia. c.415? Continuing to wander, the Langobards enter 'Vurgundaib'. This is believed to be the original lands of the Burgundians, and can be located in the northern Carpathians. Once there, the Langobards are attacked in their encampment by 'Bulgars', probably as recruits of the Huns. They are defeated, their king is killed, and they are subjugated. However, it seems that they quickly rise up under Lamicho and inflict an unusual defeat on the Huns, although how long it takes for this to happen after their subjugation is unclear (perhaps it is not until c.440/450). fl c.410s Lamicho / Lamissio / Laiamicho Foster son. See note for c.440/450. fl c.420 - c.460 Lethu / Lethuc Vassal of the Huns? Ruled for approximately 40 years. c.425 The Langobards are to be found in Slovenia, bordering Illyria, probably having moved there as soon as they had freed themselves from the Huns. The reign of Lethu heralds the emergence of the Langobard kings into documented history by the end of the century. He is the founder of the Lething dynasty of kings which provides rulers for the tribe for over a century. 487 - 488 Gudeoc rules the Langobards at the time when Romano-German general and emperor, Odoacer, destroys the Germanic Rugii, who had formerly been subjugated by the Huns. The Langobards migrate into the former Rugii territory, in modern Lower Austria, north of the Danube, and west of Korneuburg, to fill this vacuum. The area is part of the westernmost areas of Pannonia. The move may also be a way of removing themselves from Heruli dominance, and comes at an ideal time, as the Ostrogoths are themselves migrating into Italy to create a kingdom of their own. The Langobards clearly take note of this last event. fl c.500 Claffo Vassal of the Heruli. fl c.500? - 510 Tato -Son. First king to be independently attested. Murdered. 508 The Heruli kingdom in southern Moravia is destroyed by Tato, ending the problem of the inconvenient Heruli overlordship of the Langobards. Herulian fortunes wane after this disaster. Some remaining Heruls join the Langobards in Lower Austria. Tato himself is soon murdered by Wacho, son of Unichus. Ildichus fights on his father's side and is forced to flee to the Gepids, where he dies. c.510 Ildichus -Son. Died in exile, unable to claim the kingship. fl c.510 - c.540 Wacho / Waccho (Waldchis?) -Son of Unichus. 530s After one generation, the minor federate Heruli kingdom in Singidunum (modern Belgrade) disappears from the historical record. These 'South Heruli' merge into surrounding populations or unite with the Langobards. c.540 The restless Langobards apparently enter further into Pannonia, to their immediate east, and perhaps also into Dacia to the east of that.
  9. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
    Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/HUNGARY.htm;
    Note: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy WACHO (-540). From the Lething clan. The Origo Gentis Langobardorum names "Wacho filius Unichis", specifying in a later passage that they were "Lethinges"[127]. A later manuscript of the Origo names him "Wacho, filius Unichis, nepos Tatoni"[128]. He deposed King Tato in [510], defeated his son Hildechis, and installed himself as WACHO King of the Lombards. Paulus Diaconus names "Wacho filius germani sui [Tatonis] Zuchilonis", recording that he fought "Hildechis filius Tatonis"[129]. The Historia Langobardorum records that Wacho killed "Tattone rege barbane suo cum Vinsilane" and succeeded as king, defeating "Heldechis filio Tattoni" who fled "ad Gibidos" and died[130]. He consolidated his position, and the integration of his tribe as they moved into Pannonia, by his three marriages with daughters of three competing chiefs. m firstly RANIGUNDA [Raicunda], daughter of FISUD King of Thuringia. The Origo Gentis Langobardorum names "Raicundam filia Fisud regis Turingorum" as King Wacho's first wife[131]. The Historia Langobardorum names "Ranigunda filia Pisen regi Turingorum" as Wacho's first wife[132]. Paulus Diaconus names the three wives of Wacho "primam Ranicundam, filiam Regis Turingorum…Austrigosam, filiam regis Gepidorum…tertiam…Herulorum regis filiam…Salingam"[133]. m secondly OSTROGOTHA [Austreusa/Austrigosa], daughter of --- King of the Gepides. The Origo Gentis Langobardorum names "Austrigusa filiam Gippidorum" as King Wacho's second wife[134]. The Historia Langobardorum names "Austreusa filia Gibedorum" as Wacho's second wife[135]. Paulus Diaconus names the three wives of Wacho "primam Ranicundam, filiam Regis Turingorum…Austrigosam, filiam regis Gepidorum…tertiam…Herulorum regis filiam…Salingam"[136]. m thirdly SILENGA [Salinga], daughter of --- King of the Heruls. The Origo Gentis Langobardorum names "filia regis Herulorum…Silinga" as King Wacho's third wife[137]. Paulus Diaconus names the three wives of Wacho "primam Ranicundam, filiam Regis Turingorum…Austrigosam, filiam regis Gepidorum…tertiam…Herulorum regis filiam…Salingam"[138]. King Wacho & his second wife had two daughters: i) WISIGARDIS (-[541/42]). The Origo Gentis Langobardorum names "Wisigarda…secundæ Walderada" as the two daughters of Wacho & his second wife, specifying that Wisigarda married "Theudiperti regis Francorum"[139]. Paulus Diaconus names "Wisigarda…[et] secunda Walderada" as the two daughters of King Wacho & his second wife, specifying that Wisigarda married "Theodeperto regi Francorum"[140]. m ([540]) as his second wife, THEODEBERT I King of the Franks, son of THEODERIC I King of the Franks & his first wife --- ([499/504]-end 547). ii) WALDRADA. The Origo Gentis Langobardorum names "Wisigarda…secundæ Walderada" as the two daughters of Wacho & his second wife, specifying that Waldrada married "Scusuald regis Francorum" and later "Garipald"[141]. The Historia Langobardorum names "Waldrada" as Wacho's second daughter by his second wife, specifying that she married "Chusubald rex Francorum"[142]. Paulus Diaconus names "Wisigarda…[et] secunda Walderada" as the two daughters of King Wacho & his second wife, specifying that Walderada married "Cusupald alio regi Francorum" and later "Garipald"[143]. Gregory of Tours names Vuldetrada as the wife of King Theodebald[144]. Herimannus names "Wanderadam" wife of "Theodpaldus rex Francorum" when recording her second marriage to "Lotharius rex patris eius Theodeberti patruus"[145]. According to Gregory of Tours, King Clotaire "began to have intercourse" with the widow of King Theodebald, before "the bishops complained and he handed her over to Garivald Duke of Bavaria"[146], which does not imply that King Clotaire married Waldrada. m firstly ([554]) THEODEBALD I King of the Franks, son of THEODEBERT I King of the Franks & his first wife Deoteria ([534]-555). [m secondly (555, repudiated) as his fifth wife, CHLOTHACHAR I [Clotaire] King of the Franks, son of CHLODOVECH King of the Franks & his second wife Chrotechildis of Burgundy ([501/02]-Soissons [30 Nov/31 Dec] 561, bur Soissons, basilique Saint-Médard).] m [secondly/thirdly] (after 555) GARIBALD, son of ---. He became Duke of Bavaria in 590. Wacho & his third wife had one child: iii) WALTARI (-547). Paulus Diaconus names "Waltari" as the son of King Wacho & his third wife, specifying that he reigned for seven years after his father[147]. The Origo Gentis Langobardorum names "Waltari" as the son of Wacho & his third wife, specifying that he succeeded his father and reigned seven years[148]. He was installed as WALTHARI King of the Lombards in [540] in succession to King Waccho.
  10. Title: "The Wars of Justinian," by Prokopios
    Author: Hackett Publishing, 3 set 2014 - 680 pages....
    Publication: Name: https://books.google.it/books?id=eK9aBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA565&dq=austrigusa+gepids+elemund&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjO-oWAxJjkAhXD16QKHTcvBkcQ6AEINTAB#v=onepage&q=Albsuintha&f=false;
    Note: The Wars of Justinian di Prokopios p.565 A fully-outfitted edition of Prokopios' late Antique masterpiece of military history and ethnography--for the 21st-century reader. "At last . . . the translation that we have needed for so long: a fresh, lively, readable, and faithful rendering of Prokopios' Wars, which in a single volume will make this fundamental work of late ancient history-writing accessible to a whole new generation of students." --Jonathan Conant, Brown University
  11. Title: L’adductio dei Longobardi in Italia
    Author: Giorgio Arnosti - L’adductio dei Longobardi in Italia e datazioni sul loro arrivo. Tratto da CENITA FELICITER, L’epopea goto-romaico-longobarda nella Venetia tra VI e VIII sec. d.C., in attesa di pubblicazione.
    Publication: Name: https://www.academia.edu/19739964/L_adductio_dei_Longobardi_in_Italia_e_datazioni_sul_loro_arrivo._in_Academia.edu_2015_;
    Note: politiche matrimoniali del re longobardo Wacho
  12. Title: Wikipedia - List of Kings of the Lombards
    Author: "German Tribes org Lombard Kings". GermanTribes.org. Archived from the original on 2010-07-18. Retrieved 2010-07-18. Sources Oman, Charles (1914). The Dark Ages, 476–918 (Sixth ed.). London: Rivingtons.
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_kings_of_the_Lombards;
    Note: Lething Dynasty The Lethings were an early dynasty from the time of Lethuc. The last ruling descendant of Lethuc was Walthari, whose son was in turn displaced by Audoin of the family of the Gausi. Lethuc (fl. c. 400), ruled for some 40 years. Aldihoc (mid-5th century) Godehoc (480s), led the Lombards into modern-day Austria Claffo (fl. c. 500) Tato (early 6th century, died perhaps 510), his son Ildichus died in exile Wacho (510–539), son of Unichus Waltari (539–546), son of Wacho
  13. Title: Wikipedia -Vacone(Waccho) (-italian)
    Publication: Name: https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacone_(re);
  14. Title: The Peerage
    Author: Citations [S7803] Christof Steineg von Steinig, online unknown url, Christof Steineg von Steinig (unknown location).
    Publication: Name: https://www.thepeerage.com/p67181.htm#i671804;
    Note: Wacho (?)1 M, #671804, b. circa 490, d. 540 Last Edited=28 Dec 2015 Wacho (?) was born circa 490.1 He was the son of Zucchilon (?) and Tochter von Ostrogoths.1 He married Sigilinda (?), daughter of Rodulf (?), in a Y marriage.1 He married Ostragotha von Gepidae, daughter of Turrisind oder Elemund König von Gepidae.1 He married Ranigunde von Thüringen, daughter of Bisinus König von Thüringen and Menia (?).1 He died in 540.1 He was 8. König der Lombarden 510 - 540.1 Kg. d. Langobarden 510-540. 1. Ehe mit Ranigunde von Thüringen, 2. Ehe mit Austrigusa. 3. Ehe mit Sigilinda. Mörder und Nachfolger seines Onkels Tato. Mörder des Königs Tato (sein Onkel) und Sieger im Kampf gegen dessen Sohn Ildichis (Unichis), als dieser den Mord an seinem Vater rächen wollte. Er führte Krieg mit den Sueben.1 Child of Wacho (?) and Sigilinda (?) Waltari (?)1 d. 546 Children of Wacho (?) and Ostragotha von Gepidae Tochter (ältere) (?)1 Wisigarda Lethingi (?)1 d. 537 Walderada (?)+1 b. c 528, d. c 571
  15. Title: Science Magazine
    Note: Share on mailto This restored helmet was found among the graves of mysterious, high-ranking warriors who lived in southern Germany during the seventh century C.E. LANDESMUSEUM WÜRTTEMBERG, P. FRANKENSTEIN/H. ZWIETASCH 1400-year-old warrior burial ground reveals German fighters came from near and far By Michael PriceSep. 5, 2018 , 2:00 PM In 1962, German construction workers stumbled on a rare site: a 1400-year-old burial ground, filled with ornate grave goods and the bodies of 13 warriors and children. But despite decades of study, no one knew how they died or where they came from. Now, a new analysis of their DNA and other chemical traces in their bones reveals that the medieval warriors were surprisingly cosmopolitan, with some born locally and others hailing from far-off parts of Europe. One possibility, though unproven, is that some of these outsiders were child hostages. “It is a convincing [study],” says Alexander Mörseburg, a biological anthropologist at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom who wasn’t involved in the work. But he stresses that because the dead were clearly nobles, their lifestyle might not be a good stand-in for the rest of the local population. Scientists have long assumed the bodies—found near Niederstotzingen, Germany—came from a class of itinerant warrior-kings who belonged to a loose confederation of Germanic tribes called the Alemanni. These tribes, distantly related to the Goths, lived in Central Europe between the third and eighth centuries C.E., and frequently clashed with the Roman Empire. The gravesite, on a grassy plain near the Danube River, is the best preserved of their burial grounds. Inside, leather-stitched helmets and intricate swords, found alongside less warlike bronze buckles and finely carved hair combs, suggest it dates to about 600 C.E. or 700 C.E. To find out who the dead were, a research team led by archaeologist Niall O’Sullivan, who at the time was working at the Eurac Research Institute for Mummy Studies in Bolzano, Italy, and who is now at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Jena, Germany, applied next-generation sequencing methods to compile enormous amounts of genetic material from bone samples from the 13 buried individuals—10 adults, one infant, one toddler, and one child. One gracile young warrior, who some researchers had previously speculated might be female, turned out to be male. So did 10 of the 12 remaining bodies; the sex of the final two proved inconclusive. Five of the dead were directly related to one another, but seven were unrelated. Curiously, three people buried in the same grave—usually an indication that the deceased belonged to the same household—weren’t related. The DNA of one suggested northern, eastern, and central European stock, whereas the other two had DNA pointing to a southern European origin, possibly the Mediterranean. When researchers analyzed the chemical isotopes inside those individuals’ teeth—biochemical markers that can identify where a person was raised—they found that only one of the two likely grew up in the Niederstotzingen region. That suggests, the researchers write today in Science Advances, that these warriors welcomed foreigners into their households. One explanation for such a seemingly cosmopolitan worldview: hostage taking. “Folklore from the time has tales of tribes exchanging hostage children that are raised as their own,” O’Sullivan explains. If some of the dead had been brought north as child hostages, they would have been brought up as warriors by their adoptive tribes, he says. Yet they could also be pawns in intertribe negotiations when alliances were called into question. Mörseburg says the “treaty hostage,” hypothesis is plausible, though he stresses that a single instance can’t reveal whether the practice was widespread. It’s also difficult to tell just how open the rest of the region’s culture was to outsiders, given that most well-preserved bodies come from noble stock. He says he’d like to see ancient DNA studies in the region explore the genetic origins of commoners, as well. One mystery is likely to remain unsolved for some time: How the warriors died. The bodies bear no obvious signs of fatal trauma or disease. Because the site at Niederstotzingen had been occupied when the deadly Plague of Justinian swept through Europe, some have wondered whether the warriors died from the disease. Yet researchers found no DNA markers matching the plague bacteria, Yersinia pestis, leaving the dead with that secret intact.
  16. Title: Dandebat.dk - The History of the Goths
    Author: Jordanes GETICA sive De Origine Actibusque Gothorum Harbor.net - på latin og engelsk. Cassiodorus, Jordanes and the History of the Goths Arne Søby Christiansen - Tusculanum Press. Gothic Online Linguistics Research Center - The University of Texas at Austin. History of the Goths by Herwig Wolfram Google Books Procopius of Caesarea - History of the Wars I and II - The Persian War Project Gutenberg. Procopius of Caesarea - History of the Wars III and IV - The Vandalic War Project Gutenberg. Procopius of Caesarea - History of the Wars V and VI - The Gothic War Project Gutenberg. Procopius in seven volumes Internet Archieve Procopius of Caesarea - The Secret History of the Court of Justinian Project Gutenberg. The story of the Goths, from the earliest times to the end of the Gothic dominion in Spain" by Henry Bradley Internet Archieve. Sidonius Apollinaris, Letters Book I The Tertullian Project Full text of "Poems and letters - SIDONIUS A new Internet Archive. et.al.
    Publication: Name: https://www.dandebat.dk/eng-dk-historie12.htm;
    Note: The Goths were a number of Germanic tribes in the Migration Period, which appeared in written history in the third century in the areas north of the Black Sea between the rivers Danube and Don. Except for frequent raids, they invaded the Roman Empire first time in 268 AD, and later in 376 AD. The Western Goths settled a few years in the Garonne valley in France until they conquered a kingdom, which included Spain and the South of France. In France, they were displaced by the Franks after a few years, and Spain was in 711 AD conquered by Muslim invaders - but the Goths descendants took the country back in the Middle Ages. The Eastern Goths established a thriving kingdom in Italy, but after only 67 years, they were defeated by armies sent by the emperor in Constantinople. When the first Goths arrived at the northern coast of the Black Sea about 170 AD, the climate was still influenced by the Roman Warm Period, which, however, ended about 400 AD. The Vandals crossed the frozen Rhine new year's eve 406 AD, thus commencing the Migration time and heralding the downfall of the Western Roman Empire. The fact that the Rhine was frozen, testifies to a rather cold climate. I do not recall the Rhine has been frozen in modern times. From then on, until the disaster at Guadalete in Spain in 711 AD, when the Western Goths were defeated by invading Muslims, the climate was cold with snowy winters in northern and central Europe. Goths can be traced further back in history to today's northern Poland, and even in the distant past to their origins in Scandinavia and the Baltic area. Thus Jutland through thousand years was called Gotland. ....That will indicate that Cimbri, Teutons, Angles and all other tribes, who lived along this coastline, and whose names we are not sure about, all originally have thought of themselves as kinds of Goths speaking the same language, namely Gothic. ..He mentions different tribes of Goths, who lived on the island of Skandia, including Greutingis and Ostro-Goths, which names we later recognize for Gothic peoples on the Danube and in Italy. This makes it likely that it is true that the Goths, who attacked the Roman Empire, originally came from Scandinavia and the coasts of the Baltic Sea. Furthermore, there are several areas of southern Scandinavia, which have been called, or still are named as Gotland with different spellings, which also support the theory that this region was the original homeland of the Goths. In his report on the Gothic war in Italy, Procopius mentions the Rugi, as part of the Goths in Italy; they are also referred to by Jordanes as one of Skandia's indigenous tribes. They are also mentioned in other ancient sources. ..All these ancient authors wrote before official correct spelling was invented; they wrote in different languages with different alphabets and over a period of several hundred years. They reproduced words for Goths that often for them were in an unfamiliar language, besides most likely Gothic by this time had already developed in several dialects. It is quite understandable that they spelled it in so many different ways, and we do not have to connect any deeper meaning in the different spellings.
  17. Title: Wikipedia -History of Pannonia
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pannonia;
    Note: Pannonia (/pəˈnoʊniə/, Latin: [panˈnɔnija]) was a province of the Roman Empire bounded on the north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. Pannonia was located in the territory of present-day western Hungary, eastern Austria, northern Croatia, north-western Serbia, northern Slovenia and northern Bosnia and Herzegovina.Under Roman rule The Roman empire in the time of Hadrian (ruled 117-138 AD), showing, on the middle Danube river, the imperial provinces of Pannonia Superior and Pannonia Inferior and the 2 legions deployed in each in 125 In AD 6, the Pannonians, with the Dalmatians and other Illyrian tribes, engaged in the so-called Great Illyrian Revolt, and were overcome by Tiberius and Germanicus, after a hard-fought campaign, which lasted for three years. After the rebellion was crushed in AD 9, the province of Illyricum was dissolved, and its lands were divided between the new provinces of Pannonia in the north and Dalmatia in the south. The date of the division is unknown, most certainly after AD 20 but before AD 50. The proximity of dangerous barbarian tribes (Quadi, Marcomanni) necessitated the presence of a large number of troops (seven legions in later times), and numerous fortresses were built on the bank of the Danube. Some time between the years 102 and 107, between the first and second Dacian wars, Trajan divided the province into Pannonia Superior (western part with the capital Carnuntum), and Pannonia Inferior (eastern part with the capitals in Aquincum and Sirmium[13]). According to Ptolemy, these divisions were separated by a line drawn from Arrabona in the north to Servitium in the south; later, the boundary was placed further east. The whole country was sometimes called the Pannonias (Pannoniae). Pannonia Superior was under the consular legate, who had formerly administered the single province, and had three legions under his control. Pannonia Inferior was at first under a praetorian legate with a single legion as the garrison; after Marcus Aurelius, it was under a consular legate, but still with only one legion. The frontier on the Danube was protected by the establishment of the two colonies Aelia Mursia and Aelia Aquincum by Hadrian. Under Diocletian, a fourfold division of the country was made: Pannonia Prima in the northwest, with its capital in Savaria / Sabaria, it included Upper Pannonia and the major part of Central Pannonia between the Raba and Drava, Pannonia Valeria in the northeast, with its capital in Sopianae, it comprised the remainder of Central Pannonia between the Raba, Drava and Danube, Pannonia Savia in the southwest, with its capital in Siscia, Pannonia Secunda in the southeast, with its capital in Sirmium Diocletian also moved parts of today's Slovenia out of Pannonia and incorporated them in Noricum. In 324 AD, Constantine I enlarged the borders of Roman Pannonia to the east, annexing the plains of what is now eastern Hungary, northern Serbia and western Romania up to the limes that he created: the Devil's Dykes. In the 4th-5th century, one of the dioceses of the Roman Empire was known as the Diocese of Pannonia. It had its capital in Sirmium and included all four provinces that were formed from historical Pannonia, as well as the provinces of Dalmatia, Noricum Mediterraneum and Noricum Ripense. Post-Roman During the Migrations Period in the 5th century, some parts of Pannonia were ceded to the Huns in 433 by Flavius Aetius, the magister militum of the Western Roman Empire.[14] After the collapse of the Hunnic empire in 454, large numbers of Ostrogoths were settled by Emperor Marcian in the province as foederati. The Eastern Roman Empire controlled southern parts of Pannonia in the 6th century, during the reign of Justinian I. The Byzantine province of Pannonia with its capital at Sirmium was temporarily restored, but it included only a small southeastern part of historical Pannonia. Afterwards, it was again invaded by the Avars in the 560s, and the Slavs, who first may settled c. 480s but became independent only from the 7th century. In 790s, it was invaded by the Franks, who used the name "Pannonia" to designate named newly formed frontier province, the March of Pannonia. The term Pannonia was also used for Slavic polity like Lower Pannonia that was vassal to the Frankish Empire. Between the 5th and the 10th centuries, the romanized population of Pannonia developed the Romance Pannonian language, mainly around Lake Balaton in present-day western Hungary, where there was the keszthely culture. This language and the related culture became extinct with the arrival of the Magyars.
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