Constantius Chlorus "the pale" Roman Emperor in the West

• Preferred Name: Constantius Chlorus "the pale" Roman Emperor in the West^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18]}
  
• Alternate Name: Flavius Valerius Constantius I
  
• Gender: M
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Roman EmperorBET 305 AND 306
  
• Death: 25 JUL 306 in Eboracum, Britannia, Roman Empire at LATI: N3.9589 LONG: E1.067
  
• Scheidung: um 0289 with note: Description: aus politischen Gründen, um Theodora heiraten zu können
  
• Occupation: Praetorian Prefect of Maximianus Herculius288 in Roman Empire at LATI: N1.9667 LONG: E2.6667
  
• Occupation: Caesar under Maximianus Herculius293 in Roman Empire at LATI: N1.9667 LONG: E2.6667
  
• Birth: 31 MAR 242 in Northern Dardania in Modern Kosovo at LATI: N2.6 LONG: E0.9 with note: more info
  
• FSID: L6MR-DGP
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Augustus in the West1 MAY 305 in Roma, Roman Empire at LATI: N1.9 LONG: E2.4833 with note: Appointed Augustus upon the retirement of Diocletion a Maximianus Herculius
  
• Burial: 306 in St. Helen's, Eboracum, Roman Empire at LATI: N1.9667 LONG: E2.6667 with note: Currently known as Yorkshire, England
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Flavius Valerius Constantius "Chlorus" (c. 250 – 25 July 306), also called Constantius I, was Roman emperor from 305 to 306. He was one of the four original members of the Tetrarchy established by Diocletian, first serving as caesar from 293 to 305 and then ruling as augustus until his death. Constantius was also father of Constantine the Great, the first Christian emperor of Rome. The nickname Chlorus (Greek: Χλωρός, lit. "the Green") was first popularized by Byzantine-era historians and not used during the emperor's lifetime. After his re-conquering of Roman Britain, he was given the title 'Redditor Lucis Aeternae', meaning 'The Restorer of Eternal Light'.
  
  Of humble origin, Constantius had a distinguished military career and rose to the top ranks of the army. Around 289 he set aside Helena, Constantine's mother, to marry a daughter of Emperor Maximian, and in 293 was added to the imperial college by Maximian's colleague, Diocletian. Assigned to rule Gaul, Constantius defeated the usurper Carausius there and his successor Allectus in Britain, and campaigned extensively along the Rhine frontier, defeating the Alamanni and Franks. When the Diocletianic Persecution was announced in 303, Constantius ordered the demolition of churches but did not actively hunt down Christians in his domain. Upon becoming senior emperor in May 305, Constantius launched a successful punitive campaign against the Picts beyond the Antonine Wall. He died suddenly at Eboracum (York) in July the following year.
  
  After Constantius's death, the army, perhaps at his own instigation, immediately acclaimed his son Constantine as emperor. This act contributed to the collapse of the Diocletianic tetrarchy, sparking a series of civil wars which only ended when Constantine finally united the whole Roman Empire under his rule in 324. According to the Oxford Classical Dictionary, "Constantinian propaganda bedevils assessment of Constantius, yet he appears to have been an able general and a generous ruler". His descendants, the Constantinian dynasty, ruled the Empire until the death of his grandson Julian the Apostate in 363.
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantius_Chlorus
  
  === Family line ===
  55th gggfather
  
  === Fabricated genealogical history ===
  According to the unreliable Historia Augusta he was the son of Eutropius, a nobleman from the province of Moesia Superior, and Claudia, a niece of the emperors Claudius Gothicus and Quintillus.[15] The same source also gives Claudius the nomina "Flavius Valerius" to strengthen his connection to Constantius.[16] Modern historians suspect this maternal connection to be a genealogical fabrication created by his son Constantine I,[17] and that his family was of humble origins.[2][1][b] Constantine probably sought to dissociate his father's background from the memory of Maximian.[18]
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantius_Chlorus

• m. ABT 288

• m. ABT 270 in Roman Empire

1. Constantine "the Great" Emperor of Rome, b. 27 FEB 272 in Naissus, Moesia, Roman Empire[2] (modern-day Serbia)     d. 22 MAY 337 in Achyron, Nicomedia, Bithynia, Roman Empire

1. Title: Wikipedia - Constantinian dynasty
   Author: References[edit] R. Scott Moore, "The Stemmata of the Neo-Flavian Emperors", DIR (1998) R. Scott Moore, "The Stemmata of the Emperors of the Tetrarchy", DIR (1998)
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantinian_dynasty;
   Note: Roman imperial dynasties Römische Goldmünze Gaudium Romanorum.jpg Medallion of Constantine I from the Szilágysomlyo Treasure, showing the augustus (C) crowned by the manus Dei, with his eldest son Constantine II crowned by Victory (R) accompanied by the other caesares, Constans and Constantius II (L) Constantinian dynasty Chronology Constantius I 305–306 Constantine I 306–337 Constantine II 337–340 Constans 337–350 Constantius II 337–361 Julian 361–363 Succession Preceded by Tetrarchy Followed by Jovian and Valentinianic dynasty vte Constantine I with his two eldest sons by Fausta, Constantine II and Constantius II Silver coin of Constans, showing Constans, Constantine II and Constantius II The Constantinian dynasty is an informal name for the ruling family of the Roman Empire from Constantius Chlorus (died 306) to the death of Julian in 363. It is named after its most famous member, Constantine the Great, who became the sole ruler of the empire in 324. The dynasty is also called Neo-Flavian because every Constantinian emperor bore the name Flavius, similarly to the rulers of the first Flavian dynasty in the 1st century. Stemmata In italics the Augusti and the Augustae. Constantius Chlorus From relationship between Constantius Chlorus and Helena Constantine I From marriage between Constantine I and Minervina Crispus From marriage between Constantine I and Fausta Constantina, wife of Hannibalianus and Constantius Gallus Constantine II Constantius II No offspring from marriage between Constantius II and his first wife, daughter of Julius Constantius No offspring from marriage between Constantius II and Eusebia From marriage between Constantius II and Faustina Flavia Maxima Faustina Constantia, wife of Gratian Constans I Helena, wife of Julian From marriage between Constantius Chlorus and Theodora Flavius Dalmatius From marriage between Flavius Dalmatius and unknown wife Flavius Dalmatius Hannibalianus, husband of Constantina Julius Constantius From marriage between Julius Constantius and Galla son, died in the purges of 337[1] daughter, first wife of Constantius II Constantius Gallus No offspring from marriage between Gallus and Constantina From marriage between Julius Constantius and Basilina Julian No offspring from marriage between Julian and Helena, daughter of Constantine I Hannibalianus (must have died before the imperial purges that occurred in 337 because he is not listed among its victims); Anastasia; Flavia Julia Constantia, wife of Licinius Valerius Licinianus Licinius Eutropia Nepotianus
   
2. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Constantius I Emperor of Rome - birth:
   Author: 13143.GED, Not Given
   Note: birth: Source Media Type: Other death: 25 July 0306; Source Media Type: Other Source Media Type: Other
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2737222793
   
3. Title: Roman Emperors.org. Stemmata of the Neo Flavian Dynasty
   Publication: Name: https://www.familysearch.org/photos/artifacts/164034930;
   
4. Title: Roman Emperors.org-Constantius Chlorus
   Author: Barnes, T.D . Constantine and Eusebius,, Cambridge, 1980. ________. New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine. Cambridge, 1981. DiMaio, Michael. Zonaras' Account of the Neo-Flavian Emperors, (Ph.D. diss., University of Missouri-Columbia, 1977). Jones, A.H.M. J.R. Martindale, and J. Morris. "Fl. Val. Constantius 12." the Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, (Cambridge, 1971), 1.227-228. Kienast, Dietmar. Römische Kaisertabelle: Grundzüge einer römischen Kaiserchronologie. Darmstadt, 1990. MacMullen, R. Constantine, New York, 1969. Mattingly, Harold, and B.H. Warmington ."Constantius (Chlorus)." OCD.2 281-282. Seeck, Otto. "Constantius 1." RE 4, col.1040ff.
   Publication: Name: http://www.roman-emperors.org/chlorus.htm;
   Note: Constantius' Early Life and Marriage Born March 31st, Emperor Flavius Valerius Constantius may have come into the world ca. 250. His family was from Illyricum. In the army he served as a protector, tribunus, and a praeses Dalmatiarum. During the 270s or the 280s, he became the father of Constantine by Helena, his first spouse. By 288 he was the Praetorian Prefect of the western emperor Maximianus Herculius.[[1]] Constantius' Reign as Caesar On 1 March 293 Diocletian appointed Galerius as his Caesar (junior emperor) in the east and Constantius as the Caesar of Maximianus Herculius. Caesar in the west. Both Caesars had the right of succession. In order to strengthen the dynastic relationship between himself and Herculius., Constantius put aside his wife Helena and married Theodora, the daughter, or perhaps stepdaughter, of Maximianus Herculius.. The union was fruitful and of it there were six issue: Flavius Dalmatius, Julius Constantius, Hannibalianus, Constantia, Anastasia, and Eutropia. To strengthen his bond with Galerius and Diocletian in the east, Constantius allowed Galerius to keep his son Constantine as a hostage for his good behavior.[[2]] In the remainder of the time that he was a Caesar, Constantius spent much of his time engaged in military actions in the west. In the summer of 293 Constantius expelled the troops of the usurper Carausius from northern Gaul; after Constantius' attack on Bononia (Boulogne), Carausius was murdered. At the same time he dealt with the unrest of the Germans. In 296 he invaded Britain and put down the revolt of the usurper Allectus. Between 300 and 305 A.D. the Caesar campaigned successfully several times with various German tribes.[[3]] It is worth noting in passing, that while his colleagues rigidly enforced the "Great Persecution in 303," Constantius limited his action to knocking down a few churches.[[4]] Constantius as Augustus and His Untimely Death On 1 May 305 Diocletian, at Nicomedia, and Maximianus Herculius, at Mediolanum (Milan), divested themselves of the purple, probably because of the almost fatal illness that Diocletian contracted toward the end of 304. Diocletian forced Maximianus to abdicate. They appointed as their successors Constantius and Galerius, with Severus and Maximinus Daia as the new Caesars. The retired emperors then returned to private life. Constantius, as had his predecessor, ruled in the west, while Galerius and Daia ruled in the east.[[5]] Almost as soon as he was appointed Augustus, he crossed to Britain to face incursions by the Picts where he died at York on 25 July 306 with his son at his side.[[6]]
   
5. Title: Geni
   Publication: Name: https://www.geni.com/people/Constantius-I-Chlorus-Roman-Emperor/6000000002120145230;
   
6. Title: Wikipedia - Constantius Chlorus
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantius_Chlorus;
   
7. Title: Wikipedia - Bellum Cibalae
   Author: Barnes, Timothy D. (1973). "Lactantius and Constantine". Journal of Roman Studies. 63: 29–46. doi:10.2307/299163. Grant, Michael (1993), The Emperor Constantine, London. ISBN 0-7538-0528-6 Lieu, S.N.C and Montserrat, D. (Ed.s) (1996), From Constantine to Julian, London. ISBN 0-415-09336-8 Odahl, C.M., (2004) Constantine and the Christian Empire, Routledge 2004. ISBN 0-415-17485-6 Potter, David S. The Roman Empire at Bay AD 180–395, Routledge, 2004. ISBN 0-415-10058-5 Stephenson, P. (2009) Constantine: Unconquered Emperor, Christian Victor, Quercus, London. Taylor, D. (2016) Roman Empire at War: A Compendium of Roman Battles from 31 B.C. to A.D. 565, Pen and Sword, Barnsley.
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cibalae;
   Note: Battle of Cibalae Part of Civil wars of the Tetrarchy Date AD 316 Location: Colonia Aurelia Cibalae (modern Vinkovci, Croatia) Result Constantinian victory Belligerents Constantine the Great Licinius Commanders and leaders Constantine Licinius Strength 20,000[1][2] 35,000[1][2] Casualties and losses Unknown 20,000[3] Battle of Cibalae is located in Pannonia Secunda, Roman Empire Battle of Cibalae Location within current day, Croatia Battles of Constantine I Fourth-century Roman civil wars The Battle of Cibalae was fought in 316[4] between the two Roman emperors Constantine I (r. 306–337) and Licinius (r. 308–324). The site of the battle, near the town of Cibalae (now Vinkovci, Croatia) in the Roman province of Pannonia Secunda, was approximately 350 kilometers within the territory of Licinius. Constantine won a resounding victory, despite being outnumbered. Background The hostilities were prompted by Constantine's appointment of his brother-in-law, Bassianus, as Caesar. Bassianus was discovered to be intriguing against Constantine, perhaps at the prodding of his own brother Senecio, a close associate of Licinius. When Constantine demanded that Licinius hand over Senecio, Licinius refused. Constantine marched against Licinius, who responded by elevating another associate, Valens.[5] The date of Valens' elevation as emperor probably occurred after the Battle of Cibalae. The unreliable fasti of Hydatius dates the battle to 8 October 314, but the remaining literary and numismatic evidence point to the battle being fought in 316.[6] Battle The Danubian Provinces of Rome. Cibalae is shown, located in the SE part of Pannonia. The opposing armies met on the plain between the rivers Sava and Drava near the town of Cibalae (Vinkovci). The battle lasted all day. The battle opened with Constantine's forces arrayed in a defile adjacent to mountain slopes. The army of Licinius was stationed on lower ground nearer the town of Cibalae, Licinius took care to secure his flanks. As the infantry of Constantine needed to move forward through broken ground, the cavalry was thrown out ahead, to act as a screen. Constantine moved his formation down on to the more open ground and advanced against the awaiting Licinians.[7] Following a period of skirmishing and intense missile fire at a distance, the opposing main bodies of infantry met in close combat and fierce hand-to-hand fighting ensued. This battle of attrition was ended, late in the day, when Constantine personally led a cavalry charge from the right wing of his army. The charge was decisive, Licinius' ranks were broken. As many as 20,000 of Licinius' troops were killed in the hard-fought battle. The surviving cavalry of the defeated army accompanied Licinius when he fled the field under the cover of darkness.[3] Aftermath Following the battle Licinius was forced to flee to Sirmium (Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia), and then, after collecting his family and treasury, to Thrace. Peace negotiations were initiated, but they broke down. A further battle was then fought, the Battle of Mardia, which proved to be indecisive. Heavy losses were suffered by both sides. Following the battle, in expectation of Licinius retreating on Byzantium, Constantine advanced in the direction of this city. However, Licinius had withdrawn northwards and this placed him across Constantine's lines of communication, Constantine also lost much of his baggage to Licinius.[3] A treaty highly favorable to Constantine was subsequently negotiated; this included the ceding by Licinius of the greater part of the Balkan Peninsula and the elevation of Constantine's sons, Crispus (then about 14) and Constantine II (who was only an infant), with Licinius' young son (Licinius II), to the rank of caesar. Licinius then deposed and executed his erstwhile co-emperor Valens.[8]
   
8. Title: Wikipedia - Constantius Chlorus
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantius_Chlorus;
   Note: Constantius Chlorus Male head statue Bust of Constantius at Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek Roman emperor (in the West) Augustus 1 May 305 – 25 July 306 (with Galerius in the East) Predecessor Maximian Successor Constantine I and Severus Caesar 1 March 293 – 1 May 305 Born 31 March c. 250 Dardania Died 25 July 306 Eboracum, Roman Britain Spouse Helena (disputed) and Theodora Issue among others Constantine the Great Flavius Dalmatius Julius Constantius Flavia Julia Constantia Anastasia Names Flavius Valerius Constantius[1] Dynasty Constantinian Religion Roman polytheism (or possibly Christianity) Constantius I (Flavius Valerius Constantius; 31 March c. 250 – 25 July 306) was a Roman emperor. He ruled as Caesar from 293 to 305 and as Augustus from 305 to 306. He was the junior colleague of the Augustus Maximian under the Tetrarchy and succeeded him as senior co-emperor of the western part of the empire. Constantius ruled the West while Galerius was Augustus in the East. He was the father of Constantine the Great and founder of the Constantinian dynasty. After his death he became known as Chlorus (Greek: Χλωρός, 'the Green'), but the nickname does not appear in records before the sixth century.[2] As Caesar, a junior emperor appointed by Diocletian, he defeated the usurper Carausius in Gaul and his successor Allectus in Britain, and campaigned extensively along the Rhine frontier, defeating the Alamanni and Franks. Upon becoming Augustus in May 305, Constantius and his son launched a successful punitive campaign against the Picts beyond the Antonine Wall.[3] However, Constantius died suddenly at Eboracum (York) in July the following year. Constantius's death and the acclamation of his son as Augustus by his army in 306 sparked civil wars ending in the collapse of the tetrarchic system of government inaugurated in 293 by Diocletian and the eventual resumption of dynastic rule over the whole empire by Constantine and his family after the defeat of his co-emperor Licinius in 325.
   
9. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Constantius I Emperor of Rome - birth: 0242; England
   Author: One World Tree (sm), Ancestry.com, Name: Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network, Inc., n.d.;, www.ancestry.com
   Note: birth: 0242; England Source Medium: Ancestry.com birth: 0242; England Source Medium: Ancestry.com death: 25 July 0306; Yorkshire, England Source Medium: Ancestry.com death: 25 July 0306; Yorkshire, England Source Medium: Ancestry.com Source Medium: Ancestry.com Source Medium: Ancestry.com
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3244922896
   
10. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Constantius I Emperor of Rome - Published information: birth:
    Note: Published information: birth:
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3244520395
    
11. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Constantius I Emperor of Rome - Published information: birth-name: Marcus Flavius Valerius Constantius Herculius Augustus (Constantius I) (Constantius Chlorus)
    Author: Paper, Archive, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantius_Chlorus
    Note: Published information: birth-name: Marcus Flavius Valerius Constantius Herculius Augustus (Constantius I) (Constantius Chlorus) Marcus Flavius Valerius Constantius Herculius Augustus (Constantius I) (Constantius Chlorus)
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3246150553
    
12. Title: Wikipedia (German site)
    Author: Hermann Dessau , About Time and Personality of the Scriptores Historiae Augustae , in: Hermes 24 (1889), pp. 337-392, here pp. 342f., first pointed out this forgery . Adolf Lippold , Constantius Caesar, victor over the Germans - descendant of Claudius Gothicus? The Panegyricus of 297 and the Vita Claudii of HA , in: Chiron 11, 1981, pp. 347-369, attempted to place the invention of the legend in the reign of Constantius, but without being able to gain acceptance in the professional world. Anonymus Valesianus 2,2,2. Ambrose of Milan, De obitu Theodosii 42. Zonaras (13,1,4) , for example, states that Constantine was not the product of a marriage. This statement is accepted, for example, by Manfred Clauss , Konstantin der Große und seine Zeit , Munich 1996, p. 19, and Richard Klein , Helena II (Empress) , in: Reallexikon für Antiquity and Christianity , Volume 14, 1988, column 355 –375, here col. 356. Bruno Bleckmann , Konstantin der Große , Reinbek 1996, p. 16 speaks of a “long-term part
    Publication: Name: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantius_I.;
    Note: Flavius ​​Valerius Constantius (non-contemporary epithet Chlorus "the Green, Pale"; Constantius I for short ; * c. 250; † 306 in Eboracum , today York ) was an emperor of the Roman Tetrarchy . Initially subordinate to Caesar from 293 to 305, he was Augustus in the western part of the empire in the years 305/306 . As emperor, he was primarily responsible for ending the uprising in Britain and reintegrating the British special empire under Carausius and Allectus . With his son Konstantin he founded the Constantinian dynasty . Life Ascension Born in Illyria , Constantius made a career for himself in the army. The fact that he descended from the emperor Claudius Gothicus (268-270) is a legend according to the prevailing research opinion. It was probably only brought into the world during the civil wars after his death in order to increase the legitimacy of the Constantinian dynasty by adding an imperial ancestor. [1] In fact, Constantius probably came from a humble background and, like many Illyrian soldier emperors, had worked his way up in the army. The first established fact in the life of Constantius is his relation to Helena . She came from a very humble background [2] –Ambrose of Milan even claims that she was only a landlady [ 3] - which is why Constantius probably did not marry her, but lived with her in a long-term concubinage . [4] She probably gave birth to his first son, Constantine , in the 270s . However, when Constantius was given the opportunity to marry the emperor Maximian 's stepdaughter , Theodora , in 289, he left Helena and fathered other children with his new wife, including Julius Constantius , father of the emperor Julian Apostata . He was probably already Maximian at this timePraetorian Prefect . His epithet Chlorus first appears in Byzantine sources, probably to distinguish it from his grandson Constantius II . [5] If the impression given by the portraits on coins and the busts of emperors (which cannot be attributed to him with certainty) is correct, then the initially gaunt man (with a characteristic hooked nose) had become obese towards the end of his life. Caesar Gold coin of Constantius I, minted in Trier (297–298), in the inscription erroneously Constantinus . Depicting the liberation of Londinium (inscribed as Lon ) and the province of Britain after defeating Allectus (296). Caption : Redditor lucis aeternae - "Restorer of Eternal Light". On the reverse of this Argenteus , minted in Antioch under Caesar Constantius, the Tetrarchs are shown in a sacrificial scene after the victory over the Sarmatians . Constantius was adopted by Augustus Maximian and made sub-emperor ( Caesar ) as part of the tetrarchy on 1 March 293 . The Gallic orator Eumenius acted as his private secretary at this time . Constantius is presented quite positively in the later sources. The late antique historian Eutropius wrote about the politics of Constantius: [6] "He was an extraordinary man of unusual kindness, who concerned himself with the well-being of the provinces and the common people, rather than merely pursuing the interests of the state budget." Constantius' sphere of influence included Hispania , Gaul and Britain , although all of Britain and parts of northern Gaul were initially removed from his rule by the revolt of the commander of the Classis Britannica , Carausius . Immediately after his accession to the throne, he succeeded in reconquering the Gallic territories. This resulted in Carausius being assassinated and replaced by Allectus . However, Constantius was only able to reintegrate Britain into the Empire three years later, since a new fleet had to be built and equipped first. In the meantime he defeated Franconiain the Rhine estuary and settled them as colonies in Gaul. In 296 he finally crossed the English Channel with two naval detachments , one under his own, the other under the leadership of his praetorian prefect Asclepiodotus . The latter managed to slip past the British fleet unnoticed through the dense fog near the Isle of Wight and land unmolested in Britain. Constantius, on the other hand, veered off course and could not land until Asclepiodotus had already defeated the main enemy force and killed Allectus. [7] Constantius won several more victories against the Germans : he led another campaign against the Franks, during which he penetrated deep into their territory and resettled some of them in Gaul. In 298 the Alamanni attacked him at Langres , where he was wounded and had to flee behind the city walls of the nearby civitas Andemattunum. A few hours later, however, a large relief army arrived, which allegedly then massacred over 60,000 Alamanni. Shortly thereafter, Constantius defeated another Germanic army at Vindonissa . With new fortifications, he secured the Rhine border from Mainz to Lake Constance against Germanic attacks. Religion The persecution of Christians that broke out in Constantius' sphere of influence in 303 was evidently not as bloody as it was in the rest of the empire. He limited himself to just dismissing them from the army; some churches were also destroyed, but reportedly there was hardly any violence against people. This impression may also arise because the Christian sources later had no interest in counting the father of Constantine the Great among the persecutors of Christians; moreover, there seem to have been few Christians in his dominion. In Britain, among other places, quite a few Christians are said to have died. Of Constantius posing as Caesarwould have openly opposed Diocletian's order to prosecute, it cannot be assumed in any case; but it is possible that he carried it out with little zeal. A later legend, on the other hand, is the assertion that he already called Christians to his court or even adhered to Christianity himself. Constantius himself was not a Christian, but perhaps henotheistic . He was said to be a devout worshiper of the sun god Sol . This view, however, goes back primarily to the version of the deification of Constantius by Sol presented in a panegyric of 307. This version of the apotheosisbut does not allow any reliable conclusions about the actual worship of the sun god by Constantius, for which there is otherwise no evidence, and is perhaps to be understood as an expression of Constantine the Great's religious policy. He claimed for himself a special relationship with Sol until 312 (and beyond) before he favored Christianity, and possibly for this reason claimed that his father had served that god. According to many contemporary scholars, Constantius appears to have been more of a Hercules worshiper. In addition to Hercules, which is closely associated with the Tetrarchic ideology, Constantius was also associated with Mars , the god of war, during his lifetime . Insofar as this does not simply reflect the official religious policy of the first tetrarchy (which is conceivable), but actually allows conclusions to be drawn about Caesar 's beliefs , he was, like many Illyrian soldiers, a rather conservative adherent of the traditional Roman gods. Augustus After the resignation of Diocletian and Maximian on May 1, 305, Constantius himself became supreme emperor ( Augustus ) together with Galerius and apparently assumed the position of the ruler who had the last word in case of doubt ( senior Augustus ). In the same year he began a campaign against the Picts and Scots north of Britain 's Hadrian's Wall , accompanied by his son Constantine. Already in January 306 he was able to call himself "British Champion" again. [8] Constantius died as early as 306 (probably at the end of July) in Eboracum (today's York ). [9]He was buried a little later in a mausoleum in Trier ( Augusta Treverorum ) near today 's St. Maximin Church. The British troops now proclaimed his son Constantine as his successor; this may have happened under the influence of the Alamanni prince Chrocus , who had served under Constantius. The uprising of Constantine was the beginning of the end for the multiple emperors model devised by Diocletian, which did not provide for a dynastic succession to the throne, but which was popular with the troops. Whether Constantius himself clothed his son in purple on his deathbed, as Eusebius of Caesarea later wrote, is unclear and controversial in research. The Roman border fort Constantia on Lake Constance , which has existed since the beginning of the 4th century, was probably named after Constantius and was later to become the nucleus of the city of Constance . (Other researchers assume that the fortress was founded around 300 AD, but assume that the name derives from Constantius' grandson Constantius II of the same name , who stayed at Lake Constance in 355.) family Constantius I is considered the founder of the Constantinian dynasty (until 363). From about 270 he lived with the innkeeper Helena , a marriage between the two is very unlikely (see above). Helena bore Constantius a son, Constantine . Then, in 289 or earlier, Constantius married Theodora , stepdaughter of the tetrarch Maximian —a means of ensuring cohesion within the tetrarchy (see above). Theodora bore her husband a total of six children: the three sons Julius Constantius , Flavius ​​Dalmatius and Flavius ​​Hannibalianus and the daughters Constantia ,Anastasia and Eutropia . This family history resulted in a certain division between the branch of the family of Helena or Constantine and that of the children of Theodora. Even Julian , the son of Julius Constantius, accused Constantius II , the son of Constantine, not entirely unjustly, that he came from an illegitimate connection, because his father was born illegitimate and should therefore not have become emperor.
    
13. Title: Wikipedia - Gens Flavia
    Author: Marcus Tullius Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum, Epistulae ad Familiares, Epistulae ad Quintum Fratrem, In Verrem, Pro Cluentio, Pro Quinto Roscio Comoedo. Pseudo-Brutus, Epistulae ad Ciceronem. Gaius Julius Caesar (attributed), De Bello Hispaniensis (On the War in Spain). Cornelius Nepos, De Viris Illustribus (On the Lives of Famous Men). Titus Livius (Livy), History of Rome. Valerius Maximus, Factorum ac Dictorum Memorabilium (Memorable Facts and Sayings). Quintus Asconius Pedianus, Commentarius in Oratio Ciceronis Pro Milone (Commentary on Cicero's Oration Pro Milone). Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Annales, Historiae. Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus (Plutarch), Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans. Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, De Vita Caesarum (Lives of the Caesars, or The Twelve Caesars).
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavia_gens;
    Note: The gens Flavia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. Its members are first mentioned during the last three centuries of the Republic. The first of the Flavii to achieve prominence was Marcus Flavius, tribune of the plebs in 327 and 323 BC; however, no Flavius attained the consulship until Gaius Flavius Fimbria in 104 BC. The gens became illustrious during the first century AD, when the family of the Flavii Sabini claimed the imperial dignity.[1] Under the Empire, the number of persons bearing this nomen becomes very large, perhaps due to the great number of freedmen under the Flavian dynasty of emperors. It was a common practice for freedmen to assume the nomina of their patrons, and so countless persons who obtained the Roman franchise under the Flavian emperors adopted the name Flavius, which was then handed down to their descendants.[1] During the later period of the Empire, the name Flavius frequently descended from one emperor to another, beginning with Constantius, the father of Constantine the Great.[1] The name became so ubiquitous that it was sometimes treated as a praenomen, to the extent of being regularly abbreviated Fl., and it is even described as a praenomen in some sources, although it was never truly used as a personal name. The last emperor to take the name was eastern emperor Constantine IV, during the seventh century. After the name fell into disuse among the Byzantine emperors, it was used as a title of legitimacy among the barbarian rulers of former Roman provinces, such as Spain, where the Visigoths and their Spanish successors used the title "Emperor of All Spain", and the kings of the barbarian successor kingdoms of Italy, such as the Ostrogoths and the Lombards also used it, with a special meaning as the "protector" of the Italian peoples under Lombard rule. The vast majority of persons named Flavius during the later Empire could not have been descended from the Flavia gens; and indeed, the distinction between nomina and cognomina was all but lost, so that in many cases one cannot even determine with certainty whether it is a nomen or a cognomen. However, because it is impossible to determine which of these persons used Flavius as a gentile name, they have been listed below.[1]... ...(extensive list of names follows)... As an imperial title Flavius was borne by all members of Constantine's dynasty.[11] Following its use by the Constantinian dynasty, the name assumed the attributes of an imperial title, much as Antoninus had been treated by the Severan dynasty, who followed the Antonines. It was borne by the Valentinian and Theodosian dynasties, and subsequently by barbarian rulers claiming to be their rightful successors.[12] From the sole rule of Honorius onward, the name was not used in official contexts during the fifth century, and the few surviving examples are of transcribed imperial letters, reflecting the entrenched association of the name with the imperial office in popular perception, rather than official nomenclature.[11] Under Justinian I, the name once again became part of the imperial nomenclature; it remained so under his successors until the time of Justinian II.[11] Constantinian dynasty Constantine and Helena. Mosaic in Saint Isaac's Cathedral, Peterburg, Russia Flavius Valerius Constantius "Chlorus", emperor from AD 305 to 306, and the father of Constantine the Great. Flavia Julia Helena, the first wife of Constantius Chlorus, and mother of the emperor Constantine. Flavia Maximiana Theodora, probably the daughter of Afranius Hannibalianus, and stepdaughter of Maximian; she was the second wife of Constantius Chlorus. Flavius Valerius Constantinus, otherwise known as Constantine the Great, emperor from AD 306 to 337. Julius Constantius, eldest son of Constantius Chlorus and Theodora, and brother of Constantine. He was named consul in AD 335, but put to death following the emperor's death in 337. His sons, Constantius Gallus and Julian, were spared, and would eventually be named heirs by their cousin, Constantius II, who had married their sister. Flavius Dalmatius, son of Constantius Chlorus and Theodora, and brother of Constantine; styled the "censor" from AD 333, but was slain following the death of Constantine. Flavius Hannibalianus, son of Constantius Chlorus and Theodora, was granted the title Nobilissimus, but perished in the massacre of the Flavian dynasty following the death of his brother, Constantine. Flavia Julia Constantia, daughter of Constantius Chlorus and Theodora, and sister of Constantine, was given by him in marriage to his colleague, the emperor Licinius. Flavia Maxima Fausta, daughter of Maximian, and second wife of Constantine; she was put to death in AD 326, shortly after the execution of her stepson, Crispus. The reasons are unclear, but rumors circulated of an affair between the empress and her stepson, or of a false allegation against Crispus by his stepmother, leading to his death. Flavius Julius Crispus, son of Constantine, served his father in the war against Licinius, but was put to death in unclear circumstances in AD 326. Constantina, the elder daughter of Constantine and Fausta, she was given in marriage first to her cousin Hannibalianus, and following his death in the dynastic purge of AD 337, to her cousin Constantius Gallus. She died in 354. Helena, the younger daughter of Constantine and Fausta, she was given in marriage to her cousin, Julian, the future emperor. The couple was childless, and Helena suffered several miscarriages, which rumor blamed on the machinations of the empress Eusebia. Flavius Claudius Constantinus, son of Constantine, and emperor with his brothers Constantius and Constans from AD 337 to 340. Flavius Julius Constantius, son of Constantine, and emperor with his brothers Constantinus and Constans from AD 337 to 361. Flavius Julius Constans, son of Constantine, and emperor with his brothers Constantinus and Constantius from AD 337 to 350. Flavius Claudius Constantius Gallus, named Caesar by his cousin, Constantius II, in AD 351, but put to death in 354. Flavius Claudius Julianus, emperor from AD 361 to 363. Flavius Dalmatius, son of Dalmatius the censor, and nephew of Constantine; he was proclaimed Caesar in 335, but slain by his soldiers following Constantine's death in 337. Flavius Hannibalianus, son of Dalmatius the censor, and nephew of Constantine, who probably intended to place him at the head of a campaign against the Sassanid Empire, but this plan ended with the emperor's death in AD 337, and Hannibalianus was slain in the turmoil that followed. Julius Nepotianus, son of Eutropia, and nephew of Constantine, in AD 350 he revolted against Magnentius, but his small force, composed of ordinary citizens and gladiators, was quickly defeated by Magnentius' magister officiorum, Marcellinus. Nepotianus and his mother were put to death. Flavia Maxima Constantia, daughter of Constantius II, and wife of the emperor Gratian. Anastasia, daughter of Hannibalianus and Constantina. This article is extensive the above is an excerpt.-
    
14. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Constantius I Emperor of Rome - Published information: death: 25 July 0306; Yorkshire, England
    Note: Published information: death: 25 July 0306; Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom Published information: male Published information: birth-name: Aurelius Valerius Constantius I Chlorus Di Roma Published information: aka-name: Emperor Constantius I Flavis Julius Chlorus The Pale the Illyrian of Rome Published information: birth: 0242; Roma, Italy Published information: death: 0306; Published information: birth: 0250; Yorkshire, England Published information: male Published information: birth-name: Constantius I of Rome Emperor
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2036922561
    
15. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Constantius I Emperor of Rome -
    Author: Ancestry Family Trees, Online publication - Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com. Original data: Family Tree files submitted by Ancestry members., Page number: Ancestry Family Trees
    Note: This information comes from 1 or more individual Ancestry Family Tree files. This source citation points you to a current version of those files. Note: The owners of these tree files may have removed or changed information since this source citation was created. This information comes from 1 or more individual Ancestry Family Tree files. This source citation points you to a current version of those files. Note: The owners of these tree files may have removed or changed information since this source citation was created. This information comes from 1 or more individual Ancestry Family Tree files. This source citation points you to a current version of those files. Note: The owners of these tree files may have removed or changed information since this source citation was created. This information comes from 1 or more individual Ancestry Family Tree files. This source citation points you to a current version of those files. Note: The owners of these tree files may have removed or changed information since this source citation was created. This information comes from 1 or more individual Ancestry Family Tree files. This source citation points you to a current version of those files. Note: The owners of these tree files may have removed or changed information since this source citation was created. This information comes from 1 or more individual Ancestry Family Tree files. This source citation points you to a current version of those files. Note: The owners of these tree files may have removed or changed information since this source citation was created.
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2785201007
    
16. Title: Roman Emperors, siblings of Constantine I, children of Constantius Chlorus
    Publication: Name: http://www.roman-emperors.org/sibling.htm#Note%204;
    
17. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Constantius I Emperor of Rome - birth-name: Constantius I Emperor of Rome
    Author: Public Member Trees, Ancestry.com, Name: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc.; Location: Provo, UT, USA; Date: 2006;, www.ancestry.com, null, Page number: Database online.
    Note: birth-name: Constantius I Emperor of Rome birth: 31 March 0250; Rome, Roma, Roma, Lazio, Italy death: 25 July 0306; Rome, Roma, Roma, Lazio, Italy birth-name: Emperor Constantius Chlorus birth: 31 March 0250; Rome, Roma, Roma, Lazio, Italy death: 25 July 0306; Yorkshire, England
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3245003596
    
18. Title: Wikiwand - Constantius Chlorus
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Constantius_Chlorus;