Theodosius Emperor of Eastern Roman Empire II

• Preferred Name: Theodosius Emperor of Eastern Roman Empire II^{[1] [2] [3]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Death: 28 JUL 450 in Constantinople, Anatolia, Byzantine Empire at LATI: N1.15 LONG: E8.75 with note: Died in a hunting accident
  
• Birth: 10 APR 401 in Constantinople, Anatolia, Byzantine Empire at LATI: N1.15 LONG: E8.75
  
• Burial: 450 in Church of the Holy Apostles, Constantinople, Anatolia, Byzantine Empire at LATI: N1.15 LONG: E8.75
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Co-Emperor of the Byzantine Empire
  
• FSID: LRL9-JMT
  

• m. 7 JUN 421 in Constantinople, Anatolia, Byzantine Empire

1. Licinia Eudoxia Princess of the Eastern Roman Empire, b. 422 in Constantinople, Anatolia, Byzantium     d. 493 in Constantinople, Anatolia, Byzantium

1. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy - Theodosius II, son of Arcadius
   Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/BYZANTIUM.htm#Arcadiusdied408B;
   Note: 4. THEODOSIUS (Constantinople 10 Apr 401-28 Jul 450, bur Constantinople Church of the Holy Apostles). The Chronicle of Marcellinus records the birth "401 IV Id Apr" of "Theodosius iunior patre Arcadio"[60]. The Chronicon Paschale records the birth "IV Id Apr" in 401 of "nobilissimus Arcadii filius" and the proclamation of "Theodosius junior…Augustus Constantinopoli in Hebdomo in Tribunali by Arcadio patre…IV Id Jan" in 402[61]. The Chronicon of Bishop Idatius records the birth in 403 of “Theodosius Arcadii filius”[62]. Cedrenus names "Pulcheriam, Falcillam, Arcadiam et Marinam…Theodosium ultimum"[63]. Iordanes names "Theodosius iunior Archadii filius…aduliscens egregius" when recording that he succeeded his father and ruled 43 years[64]. His father named him co-Emperor THEODOSIUS II, Emperor in the East 10 Jan 402, ruling jointly with his father until the latter's death in 408. The Chronicle of Marcellinus records that "Theodosius iunior" was created cæsar "in loco pater patruusque suus" in 402[65]. The Chronicle of Marcellinus records the death in 450 of "Theodosius imperator"[66]. Emperor Konstantinos VII's De Ceremoniis Aulæ records that "Arcadii et filii eius, Theodosii, et Eudoxiæ…uxor Arcadii et mater Theodosii" were buried in the church of the Holy Apostles[67]. m (7 Jun 421) ATHENAIS, daughter of LEONTIOS & his wife --- ([392/93]-Jerusalem 460). Ioannes Malalas records the marriage of "Athenais…quæ et postea Eudocia vocata est, Leontii, Philosophi Atheniensis…filiam" and Emperor Theodosios after the death of her father, also naming her brothers "Valerium et Gesium"[68]. The Chronicon Paschale records that "Theodosius" married "puella Græcanica…Athenais…[Heracliti Philosophi filia…] [NOTE, HERACLITUS WAS BORN 600 BC and died c 500 BC -cannot have been her father!] VII Id Jun" in 421 and that she was then called "Eudocia"[69]. The emperor's sister Pulcheria arranged this marriage to the daughter of a professor of rhetoric in Athens, after which she was baptised EUDOKIA[70]. The Chronicle of Marcellinus records the marriage in 421 of "Theodosius imperator" and "Eudociam Achivam"[71]. The Chronicon Paschale records that "Eudocia" was named augusta "IV Non Jan" in 423[72]. She left court after disagreements in [444], but continued to use the title Augusta until her death[73]. Theophanes records the death of "Eudocia" in Jerusalem[74]. The primary source which records her date of death has not been identified. Emperor Theodosius & his wife had three children: a) EUDOXIA (422-after 462). The Chronicon Paschale records the birth in 422 of "Athenaide seu Eudocia filiam…Eudociam"[75]. The Chronicle of Marcellinus records the birth in 422 of "Theodosius imperator Eudoxiam filiam"[76]. The same source records the betrothal in 424 of "Valentinianus cæsar" and "Theodosii imperatoris Eudoxiam filiam" and, in a later passage, their marriage in 437[77]. Theophanes records the marriage of "Valentinianus Gallæ Placidiæ et Constantini filius" and "Eudoxiam Theodosii imperatoris filiam ex Eudocia coniuge" in 426[78]. The Chronicon Paschale records the marriage "Constantinopolim…XII Kal Nov" in 437 of "Valentinianus junior Augustus" and "Eudoxia filia Theodosii et Eudocæ Augustæ"[79]. Ioannes Malalas records the marriage of "Valentinianus iunior…Constantii Imperatoris et Placidiæ magnæ filius" and "Theodosio…filiam Eudoxiam…ex Eudocia Augusta, Philosophi filia"[80]. Augusta 439. After the murder of her first husband, she was forced to marry his successor, but was captured during the Vandal invasion and taken to north Africa with her two daughters[81]. Ioannes Malalas records the marriage of "Eudoxia Augusta, Valentiniani Regis vidua" and "Maximo Tyranno"[82]. She was later allowed to return to Constantinople with one daughter[83]. m firstly (betrothed 424, 437) Emperor VALENTINIAN III, son of CONSTANTIUS & his wife Galla Placida (2 Jul 419-murdered 16 Mar 455). m secondly ([Mar] 455) PETRONIUS MAXIMUS, son of --- (-murdered 27 May 455). He succeeded in 455 as Emperor PETRONIUS MAXIMUS, Emperor in the West. b) ARCADIUS (Apr ---- -Dec after 439). The Chronicorum 511 records the birth "539 IIII" of "Arcadio in Oriente filius Theodosius iunior" and in a later passage the death "549 XII" of "Arcadius parco filio Theodosiano Orientis imperium dereliquens"[84]. He was alive in 439[85]. c) FLACILLA (-431). The Chronicle of Marcellinus records the death in 431 of "Flaccilla Theodosii Augusti filia"[86].
   
2. Title: Wikipedia - Theodosius II, Eastern Roman Emperor
   Author: Sources Kelly, Christopher (2013). Theodosius II: Rethinking the Roman Empire in Late Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Miller, Fergus (2006). A Greek Roman Empire: Power and Belief Under Theodosius II. Berkeley: University of California Press. Elton, Hugh (2009). "Imperial politics at the court of Theodosius II," in Andrew Cain (ed), The Power of Religion in Late Antiquity: The Power of Religion in Late Antiquity (Aldershot, Ashgate, 2009), 133–142. Ostrogorsky, George (1956). History of the Byzantine State. Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell.
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodosius_II;
   Note: Theodosius II Roman emperor of the East Augustus 10 January 402 – 28 July 450 (senior from 1 May 408) Predecessor Arcadius Successor Marcian Western emperors Honorius (402–423) Joannes (423–425) Valentinian III (425–450) Born 10 April 401 Died 28 July 450 (aged 49) Burial Church of the Holy Apostles, Constantinople Spouse Aelia Eudocia Issue Licinia Eudoxia Flaccilla Arcadius Names Flavius Theodosius Dynasty Theodosian Father Arcadius Mother Aelia Eudoxia Religion Nicene Christianity Saint Theodosius II Right-Believing, Emperor of the Roman Empire Venerated in Eastern Orthodox Church Feast 29 July Theodosius II (Greek: Θεοδόσιος, translit. Theodosios; 10 April 401 – 28 July 450) was Roman emperor for most of his life, proclaimed augustus as an infant in 402 and ruling as the eastern Empire's sole emperor after the death of his father Arcadius in 408. His reign was marked by the promulgation of the Theodosian law code and the construction of the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople. He also presided over the outbreak of two great Christological controversies, Nestorianism and Eutychianism. Early life Theodosius was born on 10 April 401 as the only son of Emperor Arcadius and his wife Aelia Eudoxia.[1] On 10 January 402, at the age of 9 months, he was proclaimed co-augustus by his father,[2] thus becoming the youngest to bear the imperial title up to that point. On 1 May 408, his father died and the seven-year-old boy became emperor of the Eastern half of the Roman Empire. Reign Early reign The government was at first administered by the praetorian prefect Anthemius, under whose supervision the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople were constructed. According to Theophanes the Confessor and Procopius, the Sasanian king Yazdegerd I (399–420) was appointed by Arcadius as the guardian of Theodosius, whom Yazdegerd treated as his own child, sending a tutor to raise him and warning that enmity toward him would be taken as enmity toward Persia.[3] Though this story is assumed to be inconclusive, Antiochus, a eunuch of Persian origin, became a tutor and an influence on Theodosius. He also became praepositus sacri cubiculi later but Theodosius dismissed him when he reached his adulthood. In 414, Theodosius' older sister Pulcheria vowed perpetual virginity along with her sisters. She was proclaimed augusta, and acted as a guardian of her brother. The guardianship ended when he reached his majority, but it is assumed that his sister continued to exert an influence on him until his marriage. In June 421, Theodosius married Aelia Eudocia, a woman of Athenian origin.[4][5][6][7][8] The two had a daughter named Licinia Eudoxia, another named Flaccilla, and possibly a son called Arcadius. In 423, the Western Emperor Honorius, Theodosius' uncle, died and the primicerius notariorum Joannes was proclaimed emperor. Honorius' sister Galla Placidia and her young son Valentinian, who had earlier fled to Constantinople to escape Honorius' hostility, sought Eastern assistance to claim the throne for Valentinian, and after some deliberation in 424 Theodosius opened the war against Joannes. On 23 October 425, Valentinian III was installed as emperor of the West with the assistance of the magister officiorum Helion, with his mother taking an influential role. To strengthen the ties between the two parts of the empire, Theodosius' daughter Licinia Eudoxia was betrothed to Valentinian. She married Valentinian III later on 29 October 437, and became empress of the western portion of the empire. Theodosius is often seen by both ancient and modern historians as being constantly pushed around by his sister, wife, and eunuchs, particularly Chrysaphius among them.[9] In the later decades of his life, Chrysaphius rose to prominence as one of the emperor's favorites. He favored the pro-Monophysite policy, influenced the foreign policy towards the Huns, and was resented by Pulcheria, general Zeno, and ancient writers.[10] According to Theodorus Lector, Theodosius was so unmindful of his surroundings that he accidentally signed his sister's note selling his wife, Eudocia, into slavery. However, some scholars argue that contrary to hostile ancient sources, Theodosius was more in control of his government.[11] Others view that the government was controlled mostly by civilian officials, and not by a particular individual.[12] Among ancient and medieval writers, Monophysites had a favorable opinion of Theodosius.[13] University and Law Code In 425, Theodosius founded the University of Constantinople with 31 chairs (15 in Latin and 16 in Greek). Among the subjects were law, philosophy, medicine, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music and rhetoric. It is likely that his wife Eudocia encouraged him in this matter and was behind the establishment of the university; she had been born in Athens, where the Neoplatonic School of Athens was the last great center for pagan, classical learning. Eudocia was known for her great intellect. In 429, Theodosius appointed a commission to collect all of the laws since the reign of Constantine I, and create a fully formalized system of law. This plan was left unfinished, but the work of a second commission that met in Constantinople, assigned to collect all of the general legislations and bring them up to date, was completed; their collection was published as the Codex Theodosianus in 438. The law code of Theodosius II, summarizing edicts promulgated since Constantine, formed a basis for the law code of Emperor Justinian I, the Corpus Juris Civilis, in the following century. Famous "apple incident" Solidus of Theodosius, minted in Constantinople c. 435 Eudocia reached the height of her influence with the emperor from 439 to 441, a period in which the emperor's sister Pulcheria was sidelined in favor of his wife. Eudocia's power was undone by a certain Phrygian apple in a story conveyed by the sixth-century historian John Malalas of Antioch. Malalas wrote that one day, the emperor was on his way to church when a man presented the emperor with an "apple huge beyond any exaggeration." The emperor thanked the man with 150 solidi, and promptly sent the apple to his wife as a present. Eudocia decided to give the apple to Paulinus, a friend of both her and the emperor. Paulinus, unknowing of where Eudocia had gotten the apple, thought it was fit for only the emperor, and gave it to him. Theodosius was suspicious, and asked Eudocia what she had done with the apple. "I ate it," she replied, and then after Theodosius asked her to confirm her answer with an oath, which she did. Theodosius then presented her with the enormous apple. The emperor was enraged and suspected an affair between Eudocia and Paulinus; he had his lifelong friend Paulinus executed, and Eudocia asked to be exiled to Jerusalem. A separation ultimately occurred between the imperial couple around 443, with Eudocia's establishment in Jerusalem where she favored monastic Monophysitism. Wars with the Huns, Vandals, and Persians The situation between the Romans and the Sassanids deteriorated in 420 due to the Persian persecution of Christians, and the Eastern empire declared war against the Sassanids (421–422); the war ended in an indecisive stalemate, when the Romans were forced to accept peace as the Huns menaced Constantinople.[14][15] Peace was arranged in 422 without changes to the status quo. The later wars of Theodosius were generally less successful. The Eastern Empire was plagued by raids by the Huns. Early in Theodosius II's reign Romans used internal Hun discord to overcome Uldin's invasion of the Balkans. The Romans strengthened their fortifications and in 424 agreed to pay 350 pounds of gold to encourage the Huns to remain at peace with the Romans. In 433 with the rise of Attila and Bleda to unify the Huns, the payment was doubled to 700 pounds. Theodosius became engaged with the affairs of the West after installing Valentinian III as his Western counterpart. When Roman Africa fell to the Vandals in 439, both Eastern and Western Emperors sent forces to Sicily, intending to launch an attack on the Vandals at Carthage, but this project failed. Seeing the borders without significant forces, the Huns and Sassanid Persia both attacked and the expeditionary force had to be recalled. During 443 two Roman armies were defeated and destroyed by the Huns. Anatolius negotiated a peace agreement; the Huns withdrew in exchange for humiliating concessions, including an annual tribute of 2,100 Roman pounds (c. 687 kg) of gold.[16] In 447 the Huns went through the Balkans, destroying among others the city of Serdica (Sofia) and reaching Athyra (Büyükçekmece) on the outskirts of Constantinople. In 449, an Eastern Roman attempt to assassinate Attila failed, however the relations between the two did not deteriorate further. Theological disputes Theodosius welcomes the relics of John Chrysostom. Miniature from the early 11th century. Theodosius frequently attempted to resolve doctrinal controversies regarding the nature of Christ. During a visit to Syria, Theodosius met the monk Nestorius, who was a renowned preacher. He appointed Nestorius archbishop of Constantinople in 428. Nestorius quickly became involved in the disputes of two theological factions, which differed in their Christology. Nestorius tried to find a middle ground between those who, emphasizing the fact that in Christ God had been born as a man, insisted on calling the Virgin Mary Theotokos ("birth-giver of God"), and those who rejected that title because God, as an eternal being, could not have been born. Nestorius suggested th
   
3. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Theodosius II Rome Emperor Rome -
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