Kavad Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire I

• Preferred Name: Kavad Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire I^[1]
  
• Alternate Name: Kavadh Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire I
  
• Gender: M
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Shahanshah of the Sasanian EmpireBET 488 AND 496
  
• Clan Name: with note: Description: House of Sasan
  
• Death: 13 SEP 531 in Cetisphon, Persia, Sasanian Empire at LATI: N2 LONG: E3
  
• Religion: Zoroastrianism
  
• FSID: LHN6-G79
  
• Birth: 473 in Ctesiphon, Persia, Sasanian Empire at LATI: N2 LONG: E3 with note: Ctesiphon was capital of the Sasanian Empire from 226–637 until the Muslim conquest of Persia in 651 AD.
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire -reinstatedBET 498 AND 531 in Ctesiphon, Persia, Sasanian Empire at LATI: N2 LONG: E3
  
• Burial: 531
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Kavad I was born in 473 and died on September 13, 531; He was the Sasanian King of Kings of Iran from 488 to 531, with a break of two or three years. The son of Peroz I, he was crowned by the nobles to replace his deposed and unpopular uncle Balash. Inheriting a declining empire where the authority and status of the Sasanian kings had largely ended, Kavad sought to reorganize his empire by introducing many reforms whose implementation was completed by his son and successor Chosroes I. They were made possible by his use of Kavad of the Mazdakite preacher Mazdak, which led to a social revolution that weakened the authority of the nobility and clergy. Due to this and the execution of the powerful kingmaker Sukhra, Kavad was imprisoned in Castle Oblivion and ended his reign. He was succeeded by his brother Jamasp. However, with the help of his sister and an officer named Siyawush, Kavad and some of his followers fled east into the king's territory. Hephthalite, who provided him with an army. This allowed Kavad to restore himself to the throne in 498/9. Bankrupted by this pause, Kavad petitioned for subsidies from the Byzantine Emperor Anastasius I. The Byzantines had originally voluntarily paid the Iranians to maintain the defense of the Caucasus against attacks from the north. Anastasius refused the subsidies, leading Kavad to invade his domains, thus beginning the Anastasius War. Kavad first seized Theodosiopolis and Martyropolis respectively and then Amida after laying siege to the city for three months. The two empires made peace in 506, and the Byzantines agreed to pay Kavad subsidies for the upkeep of fortifications in the Caucasus in exchange for Amida. Around this time, Kavad also waged a long war against his former allies, the Hephthalites; in 513 he had retaken the Khorasan region from them. In 528, war between the Sasanians and the Byzantines broke out again, due to the Byzantines' refusal to recognize Chosroes as Kavad's heir and a dispute over Lazica. Although the Kavad forces suffered two notable losses at Dara and Satala, the war was largely indecisive with both sides suffering heavy losses. In 531, while the Iranian army was besieging Martyropolis, Kavad died of illness. He was succeeded by Chosroes I, who inherited an invigorated and powerful empire that equaled that of the Byzantines. Due to the many challenges and problems that Kavad successfully overcame, he is considered one of the most effective and successful kings to rule the Sasanian Empire. In the words of the Iranianologist Nikolaus Schindel, he was a genius in his own right, albeit of a somewhat Machiavellian sort.
  
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  Kavad I nació en 473 y murió el 13 de setiembre de 531; fue el rey de reyes sasánida de Irán desde 488 hasta 531, con una interrupción de dos o tres años. Hijo de Peroz I, fue coronado por los nobles para reemplazar a su depuesto e impopular tío Balash. Al heredar un imperio en declive donde la autoridad y el estatus de los reyes sasánidas habían terminado en gran medida, Kavad trató de reorganizar su imperio introduciendo muchas reformas cuya implementación fue completada por su hijo y sucesor Cosroes I. Fueron posibles gracias al uso que hizo Kavad del predicador mazdakita Mazdak, lo que condujo a una revolución social que debilitó la autoridad de la nobleza y el clero. Debido a esto y a la ejecución del poderoso hacedor de reyes Sukhra, Kavad fue encarcelado en el Castillo del Olvido y puso fin a su reinado. Fue reemplazado por su hermano Jamasp. Sin embargo, con la ayuda de su hermana y un oficial llamado Siyawush, Kavad y algunos de sus seguidores huyeron hacia el este, al territorio del rey heftalita, quien le proporcionó un ejército. Esto permitió a Kavad restaurarse en el trono en 498/9. En bancarrota por esta pausa, Kavad solicitó subsidios del emperador bizantino Anastasio I. Los bizantinos originalmente habían pagado voluntariamente a los iraníes para mantener la defensa del Cáucaso contra los ataques del norte. Anastasio rechazó los subsidios, lo que llevó a Kavad a invadir sus dominios, comenzando así la Guerra de Anastasio. Kavad primero se apoderó de Teodosiopolis y Martyropolis respectivamente y luego de Amida después de asediar la ciudad durante tres meses. Los dos imperios hicieron las paces en 506 y los bizantinos acordaron pagar subsidios a Kavad para el mantenimiento de las fortificaciones en el Cáucaso a cambio de Amida. Por esta época, Kavad también libró una larga guerra contra sus antiguos aliados, los heftalitas; en 513 les había vuelto a tomar la región de Khorasan. En 528, la guerra entre los sasánidas y los bizantinos estalló nuevamente, debido a la negativa de los bizantinos a reconocer a Cosroes como heredero de Kavad y una disputa sobre Lazica. Aunque las fuerzas de Kavad sufrieron dos pérdidas notables en Dara y Satala, la guerra fue en gran medida indecisa y ambos bandos sufrieron grandes pérdidas. En 531, mientras el ejército iraní sitiaba Martyropolis, Kavad murió de una enfermedad. Le sucedió Cosroes I, que heredó un imperio vigorizado y poderoso que igualaba al de los bizantinos. Debido a los muchos desafíos y problemas que Kavad superó con éxito, se le considera uno de los reyes más efectivos y exitosos para gobernar el Imperio Sasánida. En palabras del iranólogo Nikolaus Schindel, fue un genio por derecho propio, aunque de tipo algo maquiavélico.
  
  === King of Persia, 485-531 ===
  King of Persia, 485-531
  
  === KING OF KINGS 488-496. DEPOSED AND IMPR ===
  KING OF KINGS 488-496. DEPOSED AND IMPRISONED. ESCAPED AND RULED 448-531. HOSTAGE OF THE HEPHTHALITES.
  
  === Kavadh I King of Kings deposed & Impriss ===
  Kavadh I King of Kings deposed & Imprissoned excaped and ruled 498-531 Hostage of the Hephtalites
  
  === Kg. v. Persien 488-497 (abgesetzt), 499- ===
  Kg. v. Persien 488-497 (abgesetzt), 499-531
  
  === Kavadh I proved himself a vigorous ruler ===
  Kavadh I proved himself a vigorous ruler. He restored peace and order in the land. A campaign against the Romans (502) resulted in the destruction of Amida, but another inroad by the Hephthalites in the east compelled him to ratify a peace treaty with the Byzantines. Toward the close of his reign, in 527, he resumed the war and defeated the Byzantine general Belisarius at Callinicum (531) with the support of al-Mundhir II of al-Hirah. Earlier in his reign he had moved away from the Zoroastrian church and favoured Mazdak, the founder of a new socio-religious movement that had found support among the people. The crown prince, Khosrow, however, was an orthodox Zoroastrian; toward the end of his father's reign, in collaboration with the chief mobed, he contrived the condemnation of the Mazdakites, who were destroyed in a great massacre (528). Source: www.eb.com

• m. ABT 490

• m. ABT 495 in Ctesiphon, Persia, Sasanian Empire

1. Khosrow I "the Just" Anushirvan "the Immortal soul" Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire, b. BET 512 AND 514 in Ardestān, Persia, Sasanian Empire     d. FEB 579 in Ctesiphon, Persia, Sasanian Empire

1. Title: Wikipedia - Kavad I Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire
   Author: Shahbazi, A. Shapur (2005). "Sasanian dynasty". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition. Sundermann, W. (1986). "Artēštārān sālār". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 6. p. 662. Shahîd, Irfan (1995). Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century. Volume 1, Part 1: Political and Military History. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection. ISBN 978-0-88402-214-5. Shayegan, M. Rahim (2017). "Sasanian political ideology". In Potts, Daniel T. (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–1021. ISBN 9780190668662. Spuler, Bertold (2014). Iran in the Early Islamic Period: Politics, Culture, Administration and Public Life between the Arab and the Seljuk Conquests, 633-1055. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-28209-4. Tafazzoli, Ahmad (1989). "Bozorgān". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IV, Fasc. 4. Ahmad Tafazzoli. p. 427. Toumanoff, Cyril (1969). "Chronology of the early kings of Iberia". Traditio. Cambridge University Press. 25: 1–33. doi:10.1017/S036215290001
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavad_I;
   Note: Kavad I 𐭪𐭥𐭠𐭲 King of Kings of Iran and non-Iran[a] King of the Sasanian Empire 1st Reign 488–496 Predecessor Balash Successor Jamasp 2nd Reign 498/9–531 Predecessor Jamasp Successor Khosrow I Born 473 Died 13 September 531 (aged 57–58) Spouse Sambice, Hephthalite princess, Ispahbudhan noblewoman Issue Kawus Jamasp Xerxes Khosrow I House House of Sasan Father Peroz I Religion Zoroastrianism Kavad I (Middle Persian: 𐭪𐭥𐭠𐭲 Kawād; 473 – 13 September 531) was the Sasanian King of Kings of Iran from 488 to 531, with a two or three-year interruption. A son of Peroz I (r. 459–484), he was crowned by the nobles to replace his deposed and unpopular uncle Balash (r. 484–488). Inheriting a declining empire where the authority and status of the Sasanian kings had largely ended, Kavad tried to reorganize his empire by introducing many reforms whose implementation was completed by his son and successor Khosrow I. They were made possible by Kavad's use of the Mazdakite preacher Mazdak leading to a social revolution that weakened the authority of the nobility and the clergy. Because of this, and the execution of the powerful king-maker Sukhra, Kavad was imprisoned in the Castle of Oblivion ending his reign. He was replaced by his brother Jamasp. However, with the aid of his sister and an officer named Siyawush, Kavad and some of his followers fled east to the territory of the Hephthalite king who provided him with an army. This enabled Kavad to restore himself to the throne in 498/9. Bankrupted by this hiatus, Kavad applied for subsidies from the Byzantine emperor Anastasius I. The Byzantines had originally paid the Iranians voluntarily to maintain the defense of the Caucasus against attacks from the north. Anastasius refused the subsidies, which led Kavad to invade his domains, thus starting the Anastasian War. Kavad first seized Theodosiopolis and Martyropolis respectively, and then Amida after holding the city under siege for three months. The two empires made peace in 506, with the Byzantines agreeing to pay subsidies to Kavad for the maintenance of the fortifications on the Caucasus in return for Amida. Around this time, Kavad also fought a lengthy war against his former allies, the Hephthalites; by 513 he had re-taken the region of Khorasan from them. In 528, war between the Sasanians and Byzantines erupted again, because of the Byzantines refusal to acknowledge Khosrow as Kavad's heir, and a dispute over Lazica. Although Kavad's forces suffered two notable losses at Dara and Satala, the war was largely indecisive, with both sides suffering heavy losses. In 531, while the Iranian army was besieging Martyropolis, Kavad died from an illness. He was succeeded by Khosrow I, who inherited a reinvigorated and mighty empire that equaled that of the Byzantines. Because of the many challenges and issues Kavad successfully overcame, he is considered one of the most effective and successful kings to rule the Sasanian Empire. In the words of the Iranologist Nikolaus Schindel, he was "a genius in his own right, even if of a somewhat Machiavellian type."[1] Name Due to increased Sasanian interest in Kayanian history, Kavad was named after the mythological Kayanian king Kavi Kavata.[2] The name is transliterated in Greek as Kabates,[3] Chü-he-to in Chinese,[4] and Qubādh in Arabic.[3] Background and state of Sasanian Iran The son of the Sasanian shah Peroz I (r. 459–484), Kavad was born in 473.[1][b] The Sasanian family had been the monarchs of Persia since 224 after the triumph of the first Sasanian shah Ardashir I (r. 224–242) over the Parthian (Arsacid) Empire.[5] Although Persian society was greatly militarised and its elite designated themselves as a "warrior nobility" (arteshtaran), it still had a significantly smaller population, was more impoverished, and was a less centralized state compared to the Roman Empire.[5] As a result, the Sasanian shahs had access to fewer full-time fighters, and depended on recruits from the nobility instead.[5] Some exceptions were the royal cavalry bodyguard, garrison soldiers, and units recruited from places outside Persia.[5] The bulk of the high nobility included the powerful Parthian noble families (known as the wuzurgan) that were centered on the Iranian plateau.[6] They served as the backbone of the Sasanian feudal army and were largely autonomous.[6] The Sasanian shahs had noticeably little control over the wuzurgan; attempts to restrict their self-determination usually resulted in the murder of the shah.[7] Ultimately, the Parthian nobility worked for the Sasanian shah for personal benefit, personal oath, and, conceivably, a common awareness of the "Aryan" (Iranian) kinship they shared with their Persian overlords.[6] Another vital component of the army was the Armenian cavalry, which was recruited from outside the ranks of the Parthian wuzurgan.[8] However, the revolt of Armenia in 451 and the loss of its cavalry had weakened the Sasanian's attempts to keep the Hunnic tribes (i.e. the Hephthalites, Kidarites, Chionites and Alkhans)[9] of the northeastern border in check.[10][11][c] Indeed, Kavad's grandfather Yazdegerd II (r. 438–457) had managed to hold off the Kidarites during his wars against them, which had occupied him throughout most of his reign.[11][12][13] Now, however, Sasanian authority in Central Asia began to decay.[11] In 474 and the late 470s/early 480s, Peroz was defeated and captured twice by the Hephthalites respectively.[14][15] In his second defeat, he offered to pay thirty mule packs of silver drachms in ransom, but could only pay twenty. Unable to pay the other ten, he sent Kavad in 482 as a hostage to the Hephthalite court until he could pay the rest.[14][16][17] He eventually managed to gain the ten mule packs of silver by imposing a poll-tax on his subjects, and thus secured the release of Kavad before he mounted his third campaign in 484.[17] There, Peroz was defeated and killed by a Hephthalite army, possibly near Balkh.[10][1][18] His army was completely destroyed, and his body was never found.[19] Four of his sons and brothers had also died.[14] The main Sasanian cities of the eastern region of Khorasan−Nishapur, Herat and Marw were now under Hephthalite rule.[1] Sukhra, a member of the Parthian House of Karen, one of the Seven Great Houses of Iran, quickly raised a new force and stopped the Hephthalites from achieving further success.[20] Peroz' brother, Balash, was elected as shah by the Iranian magnates, most notably Sukhra and the Mihranid general Shapur Mihran.[21] However, Balash proved unpopular among the nobility and clergy who had him blinded and deposed after just four years in 488.[22][23] Sukhra, who had played a key role in Balash's deposition,[22] appointed Kavad as the new shah of Iran.[24] According to Miskawayh (d. 1030), Sukhra was Kavad's maternal uncle.[1] article continues....