Annia Galeria Faustina Minor Roman Empress

• Preferred Name: Annia Galeria Faustina Minor Roman Empress^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}
  
• Alternate Name: Annia Galeria Faustina the Younger
  
• Gender: F
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Empress of Rome
  
• Death: APR 175 in Cappadocia, L'aquila, Abruzzo, Italy at LATI: N2.0076 LONG: E3.2783
  
• Fact: with note: Description: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faustina_the_Younger
  
• FSID: LDTL-56T
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Empress of the Roman Empire
  
• Fact: with note: Description: https://www.geni.com/people/Annia-Galeria-Faustina-Minor-Roman-Empress/6000000002005998997?through=6000000002006109656
  
• Birth: 16 FEB 125 in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy at LATI: N1.9051 LONG: E2.4971
  
• Find A Grave: with note: Description: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/196718207/annia-galeria-faustina
  
• Death: 175 in Halala, Cappadocia, Roman Empire at LATI: N1.9667 LONG: E2.6667 with note: Wikipedia
  
• Burial: in Mausoleum of Hadrian, Rome
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Annia Galeria Faustina Minor (Minor is Latin for the Younger), Faustina Minor or Faustina the Younger (born probably 21 September[1] c. 130 AD,[2] — 175/176 AD[3]) was a daughter of Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius and Roman Empress Faustina the Elder. She was a Roman Empress and wife to her maternal cousin Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius. She was held in high esteem by soldiers and her own husband and was given divine honours after her death.
  
  Faustina, named after her mother, was her parents' fourth and youngest child and second daughter; she was also their only child to survive to adulthood. She was born and raised in Rome.
  
  Her great uncle, the emperor Hadrian, had arranged with her father for Faustina to marry Lucius Verus. On 25 February 138, she and Verus were betrothed. Verus’ father was Hadrian's first adopted son and his intended heir; however, when Verus’ father died, Hadrian chose Faustina's father to be his second adopted son, and eventually, he became Hadrian's successor. Faustina's father ended the engagement between his daughter and Verus and arranged for Faustina's betrothal to her maternal cousin, Marcus Aurelius; Aurelius was also adopted by her father.
  
  Imperial heiress[edit source]
  
  Bust of Marcus Aurelius in the Archaeological Museum of Istanbul, Turkey
  In April or May 145,[4] Faustina and Marcus Aurelius were married, as had been planned since 138. Since Aurelius was, by adoption, Antoninus Pius' son, under Roman law he was marrying his sister; Antoninus would have had to formally release one or the other from his paternal authority (his patria potestas) for the ceremony to take place.[5] Little is specifically known of the ceremony, but it is said to have been "noteworthy".[6] Coins were issued with the heads of the couple, and Antoninus, as Pontifex Maximus, would have officiated. Marcus makes no apparent reference to the marriage in his surviving letters, and only sparing references to Faustina.[7] Faustina was given the title of Augusta on 1 December 147 after the birth of her first child, Domitia Faustina.[8]
  
  Reign as empress[edit source]
  When Antoninus died on 7 March 161, Marcus and Lucius Verus ascended to the throne and became co-rulers. Faustina then became empress.
  
  Aureus of Antoninus Pius, struck at the Rome mint, dated c. 147–152. Obv: Bust of Faustina the Younger. Rev: Goddess Concordia standing.
  Not much has survived from the Roman sources regarding Faustina's life, but what is available does not give a good report. Cassius Dio and the unreliable Augustan History accuse Faustina of ordering deaths by poison and execution; she has also been accused of instigating the revolt of Avidius Cassius against her husband. The Augustan History mentions adultery with sailors, gladiators, and men of rank; however, Faustina and Aurelius seem to have been very close and mutually devoted.
  
  Faustina accompanied her husband on various military campaigns and enjoyed the love and reverence of Roman soldiers. Aurelius gave her the title of Mater Castrorum or ‘Mother of the Camp’. She attempted to make her home out of an army camp. Between 170–175, she was in the north, and in 175, she accompanied Aurelius to the east.
  
  === https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/196718207/annia-galeria-faustina ===
  Find A Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com : accessed 18 April 2019), memorial page for Annia Galeria “Faustina the Younger” Faustina (120–175), Find A Grave Memorial no. 196718207, citing Mausoleum of Hadrian, Rome, Città Metropolitana di Roma Capitale, Lazio, Italy ; Maintained by Zoë Gill (contributor 49436064) .
  
  === https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faustina_the_Younger ===
  Birley, Anthony R. (2000). Marcus Aurelius: A Biography. ISBN 0415171253.Birley, Anthony (2001). Marcus Aurelius: A Biography. Roman Imperial Biographies. London and New York: Taylor & Francis e-Library. ISBN 978-0-415-17125-0.Levick, Barbara (2014). Faustina I and II: Imperial Women of the Golden Age. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-537941-9.

1. Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antonius Rome, b. 31 AUG 161 in Lanuvium, Latium now Lanuvio, Italia     d. 31 DEC 192 in Murdered in his Bath at Vectilian Villa, Rōma, Lazio, Italia

1. Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antonius Rome, b. 31 AUG 161 in Lanuvium, Latium now Lanuvio, Italia     d. 31 DEC 192 in Murdered in his Bath at Vectilian Villa, Rōma, Lazio, Italia

• m. 147 in Roma, Lazio, Italien

1. Annia Aurelia Galeria Lucilla Empress Of The Roman Empire, b. 7 MAR 148 in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy     d. 182 in Capri, Anacapri, Naples, Campania, Italy
2. Annia Aurelia Fadilla , b. 159     d. AFT 211

• m. in Torino, Piemonte, Italy

1. Annia Galeria Faustina The Younger, b. 16 FEB 125 in Roman Empire     d. 175 in Cappadocia, L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy

1. Annia Galeria Faustina The Younger, b. 16 FEB 125 in Roman Empire     d. 175 in Cappadocia, L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy

1. Title: Ancestry Family Trees
   Author: Ancestry Family Tree
   
2. Title: Anna Faustina Faustina in entry for Manoel Antonio Henriques, "Brazil, São Paulo, Immigration Cards, 1902-1980"
   Author: "Brasil, São Paulo, Cartões de Imigração, 1902-1980," database with images, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QKMS-5TZN : 17 February 2023), Anna Faustina Faustina in entry for Manoel Antonio Henriques, 1941; citing Immigration, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, certificate 618325, registration 79099, Arquivo Público do Estado de São Paulo (São Paulo State Public Archives), Brazil.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QKMS-5TZN;
   
3. Title: Annia Galeria Faustina, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:7J43-FFZM : 9 June 2021), Faustina the Younger, ; Burial, Rome, Città Metropolitana di Roma Capitale, Lazio, Italy, Mausoleum of Hadrian; citing record ID 196718207, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:7J43-FFZM;
   
4. Title: Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-Current
   Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/collections/9289/records/31780184;