Bahram Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire V

• Preferred Name: Bahram Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire V^{[1] [2]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Death: 438
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Shahanshah of the Sasanian EmpireBET 420 AND 438 in Ctesiphon, Persia, Sasanian Empire at LATI: N2 LONG: E3
  
• Birth: 400
  
• FSID: GDWX-D6Q
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Bahram V, también conocido como Bahram Gor, fue el rey de reyes de Sasán desde 420 hasta 438. Hijo del titular Sasanian shah Yazdegerd I. Bahram fue enviado a una edad temprana a la corte de Lahkmid en al-Hira, donde se crió bajo la tutela de los reyes Lakhmid. Después del asesinato de su padre, Bahram se apresuró a ir a la capital sasánida de Ctesifonte con un ejército de Lakhmid y ganó el favor de los nobles y sacerdotes, según una leyenda popular de larga data, después de resistir un juicio contra dos leones. El reinado de Bahram V fue generalmente pacífico, con dos guerras breves, primero contra sus vecinos occidentales, el Imperio Romano de Oriente y luego contra sus vecinos orientales, los kidaritas, que estaban perturbando las provincias orientales de Sasán. También fue durante su reinado que la línea Arsacid de Armenia fue reemplazada por un marzban o gobernador de una provincia fronteriza, lo que marcó el comienzo de una nueva era en Armenia, conocida en la historiografía armenia como el período de Marzpanate. Bahram V es una figura central en varias de las obras más famosas de la literatura persa. Se le menciona en el Libro de los Reyes de Ferdowsi, escrito entre 977 y 1010 y es el protagonista de la épica romántica de Nizami Ganjavi Haft Peykar, también conocida como Baramnameh, escrita en 1197. Las Siete Bellezas eran princesas, que, en la imaginación de Nizami, se convirtieron en las esposas de Bahram y recibieron cada una su propia residencia en su palacio. Los visitaba en forma rotativa y lo entretenían con emocionantes historias. También es el punto focal en Hasht-Behesht u Ocho paraísos, escrito por Amir Khusrow cerca del 1302. Bahram V es recordado como uno de los reyes más famosos de la historia iraní, debido a su cancelación de impuestos y deuda pública en eventos de celebración, su aliento a los músicos y su disfrute de la caza. Fue sucedido por su hijo Yazdegerd II.

1. Yazdegerd II Sipahdost Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire, b. 416 in Cteisphon, Persia, Sasanian Empire     d. 457 in Cteisphon, Persia, Sasanian Empire

1. Title: Wikipedia - Wars fought by Bahram V
   Author: Frye, Richard Nelson (1984). The History of Ancient Iran. C.H.Beck. pp. 1-411. ISBN 9783406093975. The history of ancient iran. Greatrex, Geoffrey; Lieu, Samuel N. C. (2002). "Justinian's First Persian War and the Eternal Peace". The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (Part II, 363–630 AD). New York, New York and London, United Kingdom: Routledge. pp. 82–97. ISBN 0-415-14687-9. Kia, Mehrdad (2016). The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1610693912. Howard-Johnston, James Howard-Johnston (2012). "Late Sasanian army". The Gibb Memorial Trust. London: 87–127. Multiple authors (1988). "Bahrām". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 5. pp. 514–522. Klíma, O. (1988). "Bahrām V Gōr". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 5. London et al. pp. 514–522. Schindel, Nikolaus (2013). "Sasanian Coinage". In Potts, Daniel T. (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199733309. Shahinyan, A
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_V;
   Note: War with Rome Roman–Sasanian War of 421–422 The Roman-Sasanian frontier At the urging of the Zoroastrian priests and the Surenid minister (wuzurg framadar) Mihr Narseh, Bahram V began his reign with a systematic persecution of the Christians.[16][17] The persecuted Christians fled to Roman territory, and were welcomed by the bishop of Constantinople, Atticus, who informed the Emperor of the persecution. The Eastern Roman Emperor Theodosius II was at the time deeply influenced by his religious sister Pulcheria, and had become more and more interested in Christianity.[17] The Roman-Sasanian relationship already had some friction. The Sasanians had hired some Roman gold-diggers, but now refused to send them back; furthermore, they had also seized the properties of Roman merchants. So, when Sasanian ambassadors reached the Roman court to ask for the fugitives, Theodosius chose to break the peace and declare war, rather than giving them back.[17] In the year 421, the Romans sent their general Ardaburius with an extensive contingent into Armenia. The Iranian general Narses engaged Ardaburius in battle, but was defeated and forced to retreat. Narses planned to attack Mesopotamia, a Roman province that had been left unguarded, and moved there, but Ardaburius foresaw his enemy's plan and intercepted him there.[18] Ardaburius shortly received reinforcements and put the fortress of Nisibis under siege, but withdrew in the face of an advancing army under Bahram, who in turn besieged Theodosiopolis (probably Theodosiopolis in Osroene).[17] The peace treaty that ended the war (422) was negotiated by the magister officiorum Helio. It returned everything to the situation before the war (status quo ante bellum). Both parts agreed to reject Arab defectors of the other part, as well as to guarantee liberty of religion in their territories.[17] Furthermore, the Romans also agreed to pay the Iranians for the protection of the pass at the Sasanian city of Derbent in the Caucasus.[19] Since the peace treaty of 387, Iran and Rome had agreed that both empires were obligated to cooperate in the defense of the Caucasus against nomadic attacks.[20] While the Romans saw this payment as political subsidies, the Iranians saw it as tribute, which proved that Rome was the deputy of Iran.[21] War with the Kidarites 16th-century Shahnameh illustration of Bahram V and his forces on their expedition against the Kidarites Since the reign of Shapur II, the Iranians had to deal with nomadic invaders in the east known in scholarship as "Iranian Huns" (i.e. the Hephthalites, Kidarites, Chionites and Alchon Huns).[22] Starting with Yazdegerd I, a shift had begun in the political perspective of the Sasanian Empire, which (originally disposed towards the West) moved to the East.[23] The shift may have been triggered by hostile tribes in eastern Iran.[23] The war with the Iranian Huns may have reawakened the mythical rivalry between the mythological Iranian Kayanian rulers and their Turanian enemies, which is illustrated by Younger Avestan texts.[23] While Bahram was occupied with the war with the Romans, his eastern neighbours—Kidarites[b]—crossed the Oxus river and invaded the Sasanian realm, conquering the rich city of Marw and even reaching as far as westwards as Ray.[26] Bahram was thus forced to pay tribute to the Kidarites, in order to stop their incursions into his empire. When he had made peace with the Romans in 422, he started preparing to deal with the Kidarites. Not only was Marw a rich city, but also an important trading spot on the Silk Road, which passed through Central Asia and continued through Iran to Europe.[27] Bahram first went to the holy temple of Adur Gushnasp in Adurbadagan, where he prayed.[28] He then proceeded to Armenia to recruit additional troops.[29] Leaving his minister Mihr Narseh as his regent,[30] Bahram passed through the mountain chain on the southern shore of the Caspian Sea, eventually reaching Merv. There his forces routed the Kidarites, killing their king in the process and capturing his wife.[31][32] A general of Bahram pursued the Kidarites into Transoxiana and inflicted another defeat on them.[31] The war was concluded in 427,[26] with Bahram cementing his name as a great champion of Iran.[33] The name of Bahram was long remembered amongst the people of the surrounding area; the Sogdian city of Bukhara would later mint coins with his image.[31] Bahram erected a pillar at the Oxus, which marked that the river constituted his empire's eastern frontier.[c][31][35][36] In Iranian mythology, the Oxus is often considered the eastern extent of Iran. The heroic archer Arash shot an arrow to the fringe of Khorasan, landing at the Oxus, which thus marked the limit of the Iranian border. Another figure, Esfandiyar, thudded his spear onto the ground at Balkh, warning the Hun king that progressing further would mean an invasion of Iran.[37] Bahram thus believed that he had restored the ancient borders of his realm.[38] He appointed his brother Narseh as the governor of the surrounding region.[31] Bahram also founded (or refounded) the city of Marw-i Rot, near the city of Marw.[35] In order to demonstrate his appreciation to the Zoroastrian supreme god Ahura Mazda, Bahram bestowed most of his booty to Adur Gushnasp.[39] Incorporation of Armenia Map of Sasanian Armenia Bahram V appointed Artaxias IV as king of Armenia in 422 at the request of the nakharars, reportedly on the term that the Armenian prince called himself the Middle Persian name Ardashir.[40] However, the newly appointed king lacked the character he needed to rule and attain respect amongst his countrymen. As a result he fell out with the nakharar, who wanted Bahram V to remove Artaxias IV and put it under the direct control of Iran.[41] However, the annexation of Armenia was strongly opposed by the Armenian katholikos Sahak, who felt that the rule of a Christian was better than that of a non-Christian regardless of his character or ability. He hoped that the Roman emperor Theodosius II would help the Armenians after he had sorted out his own issues in his empire.[42] Regardless, the nakharar did not heed to his words, and contacted Bahram V, chastising both Artaxias V and Sahak for supporting the "Greeks", i.e the Romans.[43] Sahak went to Ctesiphon to request for support; there the bureaucrats urged Sahak to withdraw his support for Artaxias IV, which he refused. Artaxias IV was ultimately deposed and imprisoned, while Armenia was transformed into a Sasanian frontier province, governed by a marzban ("margrave").[43] Sahak was also removed from his office, and a Nestorian Syrian named Bar Kiso was appointed in his stead.[40][44][45] The Sasanians were cautious in their efforts to respect the nakharars, and only asserted their presence at the Armenian capital of Dvin, which was also the seat of the marzban.[45] Not all of the former territory of the Armenian kingdom was made into a province; the Armenian districts of Parskahayk and Paytakaran were incorporated into the province to its south, Adurbadagan.[46] Domestic government At the end of Yazdegerd I's reign, the powerful Parthian House of Suren became powerful associates of the shah and played a key role in the affairs of the empire.[16] This would continue under Bahram, where Suren power reached its zenith.[47] Mihr Narseh served as the wuzurg framadar ("minister") of the shah, while his three sons also occupied high offices; Zurvandad served as the chief herbad of the empire; Mahgushnasp was the wastaryoshan salar ("chief agriculturalist"), which meant that he oversaw the affairs of the land tax; Kardar was the arteshtaran-salar ("chief of the warriors"), a rank, which according to the medieval historian al-Tabari (d. 923), was higher than that of spahbed ("army chief").[30][47] The power and influence of the Suren family thus spread over the administrative, financial, and military affairs of the Sasanian Empire. They would continue to enjoy such as high status under Bahram's son and successor Yazdegerd II (r. 438–457) as well.[47] The influence of Bahram’s upbringing in the Arab urban center of al-Hira can be illustrated as follows: "It was to al-Hira that the Persian monarch was sent as a prince, to be educated. Here, he was taught music, among other Arab accomplishments. When he ascended to the throne, one of his first edicts was to improve the status of musicians at the Persian court."[48]
   
2. Title: Wikipedia - Bahram V
   Author: Multiple authors (1988). "Bahrām". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 5. pp. 514–522. Klíma, O. (1988). "Bahrām V Gōr". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 5. London et al. pp. 514–522.Shahinyan, Arsen (2016). "Northern Territories of the Sasanian Atropatene and the Arab Azerbaijan". Iran and the Caucasus. 20 (2): 191–203. doi:10.1163/1573384X-20160203. Shayegan, M. Rahim (2013). "Sasanian Political Ideology". In Potts, Daniel T. (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Iran. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199733309. Toumanoff, Cyril (1961). "Introduction to Christian Caucasian History: II: States and Dynasties of the Formative Period". Traditio. Cambridge University Press. 17: 1–106. doi:10.1017/S0362152900008473. JSTOR 27830424. (registration required)
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahram_V;
   Note: Bahram V 𐭥𐭫𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭭 King of Kings of Iran and non-Iran[a] Plate with a hunting scene from the tale of Bahram Gur and Azadeh MET DT1634.jpg 5th-century plate with a hunting scene from the tale of Bahram V and Azadeh. Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire Reign 420–438 Predecessor Khosrow Successor Yazdegerd II Born 400 Died 438 (aged 38) Consort Sapinud Issue Yazdegerd II House House of Sasan Father Yazdegerd I Mother Shushandukht Religion Zoroastrianism Bahram V (also spelled Wahram V or Warahran V; Middle Persian: 𐭥𐭫𐭧𐭫𐭠𐭭), also known as Bahram Gor (New Persian: بهرام گور, "Bahram the onager") was the Sasanian King of Kings (shahanshah) from 420 to 438. The son of the incumbent Sasanian shah Yazdegerd I (r. 399–420), Bahram was at an early age sent to the Lahkmid court in al-Hira, where he was raised under the tutelage of the Lakhmid kings. After the assassination of his father, Bahram hurried to the Sasanian capital of Ctesiphon with a Lakhmid army, and won the favour of the nobles and priests, according to a long-existing popular legend, after withstanding a trial against two lions. Bahram V's reign was generally peaceful, with two brief wars—first against his western neighbours, the Eastern Roman Empire, and then against his eastern neighbours, the Kidarites, who were disturbing the Sasanian eastern provinces. It was also during his reign that the Arsacid line of Armenia was replaced by a marzban (governor of a frontier province, "margrave"), which marked the start of a new era in Armenia, known in Armenian historiography as the "Marzpanate period". Bahram V is remembered as one of the most famous kings in Iranian history, due to his cancellation of taxes and public debt at celebratory events, his encouragement of musicians, and his enjoyment of hunting. He was succeeded by his son Yazdegerd II (r. 438–457). Early life and rise to power Bahram V was born around 400;[5] according to folklore, he was born in Rusan, close to the city of Spahan.[6] He was the son of shah Yazdegerd I (r. 399–420) and Shushandukht, a daughter of the Jewish exilarch. Richard Frye believes that Yazdegerd I's marriage to a daughter of the patriarch of the Jews is "probably folk tales",[7] while Touraj Daryaee supports this story, stating that the Jews would see Bahram as a Jewish king due to his Jewish mother.[8] Bahram, during his youth, was sent to the Lakhmid court in al-Hira, where he was raised under the tutelage of the Lakhmid king al-Nu'man I ibn Imru' al-Qays (r. 390–418).[9] According to the modern historian O. Klíma, Bahram was probably sent there due to a disagreement with his father,[9] while Giusto Traina suggests he was possibly sent there to avoid court intrigues.[10] At al-Hira, al-Nu'man provided Bahram with teachers from the Sasanian court, where the latter was taught law, archery, and equestrian arts.[11] Since the death of the powerful Sasanian shah Shapur II (r. 309–379), the aristocrats and priests had expanded their influence and authority at the cost of the Sasanian government, nominating, dethroning, and murdering shahs, which included Yazdegerd I, who was murdered in 420. They now sought to stop the sons of Yazdegerd I from ascending the throne—Shapur IV, who was the eldest son of Yazdegerd I and governor of Armenia, quickly rushed to the Sasanian capital of Ctesiphon, and ascended the throne. He was, however, shortly after, murdered by the nobles and priests, who elected a son of Bahram IV, Khosrow, as shah.[9] Bahram was informed about the news of Yazdegerd I's death when he was in the Arabian Desert—he opposed the decision of the nobles, and asked al-Mundhir I ibn al-Nu'man (who had succeeded his father al-Nu'man I) for military assistance, who agreed to help him.[12] Bahram and al-Mundhir, at the head of an army of numerous soldiers, marched towards Ctesiphon, where Bahram promised that he would not reign like his father Yazdegerd I did. According to a long-existing popular legend written in the Shahnameh ("Book of Kings"), Bahram suggested that the royal crown and attire should be placed between two lions, and the person who retrieved them by killing the wild animals should be recognized as the shah of Iran.[9] Khosrow chose to pull out, whilst Bahram withstood the trial and won the throne.[9] Bahram distrusted the nobles, who had been unreliable to the earlier Sasanian shahs, and thus chose instead to seek support from the Zoroastrian priesthood. He was the first Sasanian shah to not be crowned by a noble, but by a chief priest (mowbed).[13] Bahram married an Indian princess and received the port of Debal in Sind as a dowry, together with the adjacent territories.[14] The Indus delta and the coast of Sind were of great commercial and strategic value at that time as well. Bahram also systematically pursued a policy of tribal resettlement in these coastal regions. For instance, a large group of pastoralist and predatory Zutt or ‘Jats’ from Sind were settled in the marshes of southern Mesopotamia by the emperor.[15] During his reign he fought a war against the Romans, a war against the Kidarites, and the incorporation of Armenia into a Sasanian frontier state. The influence of Bahram’s upbringing in the Arab urban center of al-Hira can be illustrated as follows: "It was to al-Hira that the Persian monarch was sent as a prince, to be educated. Here, he was taught music, among other Arab accomplishments. When he ascended to the throne, one of his first edicts was to improve the status of musicians at the Persian court."[48] Death and succession Bahram died in 438; his manner of death is shrouded in mystery. According to the Persian poet Ferdowsi (d. 1020), Bahram passed away peacefully in his sleep; according to the poems Haft Peykar and Hasht-Behest, he disappeared in a cave whilst chasing an onager. According to other versions by early historians, Bahram either sunk in a swamp, fell into a deep hole, or drowned.[52] The modern historian Richard Payne calls his death "no less ambiguous than that of his father."[53] Bahram V is remembered as one of the most famous kings in Iranian history, due to his cancellation of taxes and public debt at celebratory events, his encouragement of musicians, and his enjoyment of hunting.[9] He was succeeded by his son Yazdegerd II.[54]