Avida Plautia Nigrinus

• Preferred Name: Avida Plautia Nigrinus^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]}
  
• Gender: F
  
• Birth: 105 in Faenza, Ravenna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy at LATI: N4.2912 LONG: E1.8771
  
• Fact: with note: Description: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avidia_Plautia
  
• FSID: GV9D-6MK
  
• Fact: with note: Description: https://www.geni.com/people/Avidia-Plautia/6000000006101322425?through=6000000006101322420
  
• Death: Y
  
• Notes:

  === ИСТОЧНИК ===
  http://fabpedigree.com/s083/f000537.htm

1. Lucius Ceionius Commodus Verus Roman Emperor, b. 15 DEC 130 in Rome, Rome, Lazio, Italy     d. 23 JAN 169 in Altinum, Italy, Roman Empire
2. Caeonia Plantia de Rome, b. 135 in Rome, Roman Empire     d. in Rome, Roman Empire

1. Title: Wikiwand: Nerva–Antonine dynasty
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Nerva%E2%80%93Antonine_dynasty;
   Note: The Nerva–Antonine dynasty was a dynasty of seven Roman Emperors who ruled over the Roman Empire from 96 CE to 192 CE. These Emperors are Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Lucius Verus, Marcus Aurelius, and Commodus. The first five of them (excluding Lucius Verus) are commonly known as the "Five Good Emperors." The first five of the six successions within this dynasty were notable in that the reigning Emperor adopted the candidate of his choice to be his successor. Under Roman law, an adoption established a bond legally as strong as that of kinship. Because of this, all but the first and last of the Nerva–Antonine emperors are called Adoptive Emperors. The importance of official adoption in Roman society has often been considered as a conscious repudiation of the principle of dynastic inheritance and has been deemed one of the factors of the period's prosperity. However, this was not a new practice. It was common for patrician families to adopt, and Roman emperors had adopted heirs in the past: the Emperor Augustus had adopted Tiberius and the Emperor Claudius had adopted Nero. Julius Caesar, dictator perpetuo and considered to be instrumental in the transition from Republic to Empire, adopted Gaius Octavius, who would become Augustus, Rome's first emperor. Moreover, there was a family connection as Trajan adopted his first cousin once removed and great-nephew by marriage Hadrian, and Hadrian made his half-nephew by marriage and heir Antoninus Pius adopt both Hadrian's second cousin three times removed and half-great-nephew by marriage Marcus Aurelius, also Antoninus' nephew by marriage, and the son of his original planned successor, Lucius Verus. The naming by Marcus Aurelius of his son Commodus was considered to be an unfortunate choice and the beginning of the Empire's decline. With Commodus' murder in 192, the Nerva–Antonine dynasty came to an end; it was followed by a period of turbulence known as the Year of the Five Emperors. History Nerva–Trajan dynasty Nerva was the first of the dynasty. Though his reign was short, it saw a partial reconciliation between the army, Senate and commoners. Nerva adopted as his son the popular military leader Trajan. In turn, Hadrian succeeded Trajan; he had been the latter's heir presumptive and averred that he had been adopted by him on Trajan's deathbed. Antonine dynasty The Antonines are four Roman Emperors who ruled between 138 and 192: Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius, Lucius Verus and Commodus. In 138, after a long reign dedicated to the cultural unification and consolidation of the empire, the Emperor Hadrian named Antoninus Pius his son and heir, under the condition that he adopt both Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus. Hadrian died that same year, and Antoninus began a peaceful, benevolent reign. He adhered strictly to Roman traditions and institutions and shared his power with the Roman Senate. Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus succeeded Antoninus Pius in 161 upon that emperor's death, and co-ruled until Verus' death in 169. Marcus continued the Antonine legacy after Verus' death as an unpretentious and gifted administrator and leader. He died in 180 and was followed by his biological son, Commodus. Five Good Emperors The rulers commonly known as the "Five Good Emperors" were Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius. The term was coined by Niccolò Machiavelli in "The Discourses on Livy": "From the study of this history we may also learn how a good government is to be established; for while all the emperors who succeeded to the throne by birth, except Titus, were bad, all were good who succeeded by adoption, as in the case of the five from Nerva to Marcus. But as soon as the empire fell once more to the heirs by birth, its ruin recommenced." Machiavelli argued that these adopted emperors earned the respect of those around them through good governing: "Titus, Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus, and Marcus had no need of praetorian cohorts, or of countless legions to guard them, but were defended by their own good lives, the good-will of their subjects, and the attachment of the senate." " Edward Gibbon wrote in "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" that their rule was a time when "the Roman Empire was governed by absolute power, under the guidance of wisdom and virtue." Gibbon believed that these benevolent monarchs and their moderate policies were unusual and contrasted with their more tyrannical and oppressive successors. Alternative hypothesis One hypothesis posits that adoptive succession is thought to have arisen because of a lack of biological heirs. All but the last of the adoptive emperors had no legitimate biological sons to succeed them. They were thus obliged to pick a successor somewhere else; as soon as the Emperor could look towards a biological son to succeed him, adoptive succession was set aside. The dynasty may be broken up into the Nerva–Trajan dynasty (also called the Ulpian dynasty after Trajan's "nomen gentile" 'Ulpius') and Antonine dynasty (after their common name Antoninus). The Jewish viewpoint The concept of "The Five Good Emperors" reflects the internal Roman point of view. As regards their treatment of Roman citizens, these five Emperors clearly seem better than other Emperors – specifically, better than Domitian who immediately preceded them and Commodus who immediately followed them – and this view was taken up by later Europeans, drawing on Roman historical sources. It is, however, not necessarily the point of view of provincials and of Rome's neighbors – particularly, of those targeted by one or more of these emperors in a war of conquest or in the suppression of a revolt. In many cases, such diverging points of view did not leave a record; for example, there is no surviving historical source recording the Dacians' opinion of Trajan, who conquered them. However, in the case of the Jews, who suffered greatly at the suppression of the Bar Kokhba revolt by Hadrian, there is an extensive rabbinic literature offering a very different perspective from that of Roman historiography. While the Roman view lumped Hadrian and Antoninus Pius together among the Five Good Emperors, Jews tended to contrast the Bad Hadrian with the Good Antoninus. When Jewish sources mention Hadrian it is always with the epitaph "may his bones be crushed" (Hebrew: שחיק עצמות‎, Aramaic: שחיק טמיא‎[7]), an expression never used with respect to even Vespasian or Titus, who destroyed the Second Temple; conversely, Antoninus Pius is positively remembered in the Jewish tradition, as having ameliorated the Jews' lot and abolished many of the harsh decrees which Hadrian had imposed on them. The Jewish viewpoint The concept of "The Five Good Emperors" reflects the internal Roman point of view. As regards their treatment of Roman citizens, these five Emperors clearly seem better than other Emperors – specifically, better than Domitian who immediately preceded them and Commodus who immediately followed them – and this view was taken up by later Europeans, drawing on Roman historical sources. It is, however, not necessarily the point of view of provincials and of Rome's neighbors – particularly, of those targeted by one or more of these emperors in a war of conquest or in the suppression of a revolt. Nerva–Antonine family tree [chart]
   
2. Title: Wikiwand: Avidia Plautia
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Sources: Cassio Dione e l'impero romano da Nerva ad Antonino Pio: alla luce dei nuovi by Guido Migliorati, 2003 – Italian Historical Secondary Source The Cambridge ancient history, Volume 11 By Alan K. Bowman, Peter Garnsey, Dominic Rathbone Limited preview - Edition: 2 - Item notes: v. 11 – 2000 Plutarch's Sertorius: A Historical Commentary. C. Konrad Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1994 Marcus Aurelius, by Anthony Richard Birley, Routledge, 2000 A dictionary of the Roman Empire By Matthew Bunson – 1995 http://www.roman-emperors.org/lverus.htm http://ancientrome.ru/art/artworken/img.htm?id=2762. https://web.archive.org/web/20110720122702/http://ecatalogue.art.yale.edu/detail.htm?objectId=7368 http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Historia_Augusta/Aelius*.html#2.8 http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Historia_Augusta/Lucius_Verus*.html
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Avidia_Plautia;
   Note: Avidia Plautia (flourished 2nd century) was a well-connected noble Roman woman. She is among the lesser known members of the ruling Nerva–Antonine dynasty of the Roman Empire. Plautia was the daughter of the well-connected Roman Senator Gaius Avidius Nigrinus and the surmised but undocumented Roman noble woman Ignota Plautia. The younger Plautia was born and raised in Faventia (modern Faenza, Italy). Her family was distinguished, wealthy and well-connected. Her family were friends of the Greek historian Plutarch, Roman Senator Pliny the Younger, Roman Emperor Trajan and his family. Her family had strong links to Greece, as her paternal grandfather Gaius Avidius Nigrinus had served at an unknown date during the reign of Roman Emperor Domitian (81-96) as Proconsul of Achaea, a position in which her great uncle Titus Avidius Quietus had also served. Her family may have been related to the consul Gaius Petronius Pontius Nigrinus, who had served his consulship at the time that the Roman Emperor Tiberius had died in 37. Plautia's father was executed in 118 on orders from the Roman Senate, because he was one of four senators involved in a failed plot to overthrow the Roman Emperor Hadrian. Sometime after her father’s execution, her mother Ignota Plautia may have married another Roman senator. Before 130 Plautia married the powerful Roman Senator Lucius Aelius Caesar. Aelius was adopted by Roman Emperor Hadrian in 136 as his first heir. Plautia bore Aelius two sons and two daughters who were: . Lucius Verus – born as Lucius Ceionius Commodus. He would rule as co-Roman Emperor with Marcus Aurelius from 161 until his death in 169. Lucius Verus would marry Lucilla, the second daughter of Marcus Aurelius and Faustina the Younger. . Gaius Avidius Ceionius Commodus – he is known from an inscription found in Rome. . Ceionia Fabia – she was 136 engaged to Marcus Aurelius. In 138, when Marcus Aurelius was adopted by Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius, Aurelius ended his engagement to Fabia. Aurelius became engaged to Antoninus Pius’ daughter Faustina the Younger, whom he later married. . Ceionia Plautia In early 138, Aelius died, and Hadrian had adopted Antoninus Pius as his second son and heir. On the condition that Antoninus Pius was adopted by Hadrian, Antoninus had to adopt Lucius Verus and Marcus Aurelius as his adopted sons. If Aelius had lived long enough to succeed Hadrian and rule as emperor, Plautia could have been an Empress of Rome. It is unknown whether Plautia remarried after the death of Aelius. Three existing portrait busts have been identified as Avidia Plautia because of physical similarities to the portrait busts of her son Lucius Verus. These busts have been dated to 136-138, when Aelius was the first adopted heir of Hadrian. When her son reigned as co-Roman Emperor with Marcus Aurelius, Lucius Verus dedicated two honorific inscriptions to his mother. These inscriptions have been found in Rome. The inscriptions honor her as the daughter of Gaius Avidius Nigrinus and the mother of Roman Emperor Lucius Verus. It is unknown whether Plautia lived long enough to see her son co-rule as emperor. Nerva–Antonine family tree
   
3. Title: Ancient Rome Art: Avidia Plautia, mother of the emperor Lucius Verus
   Author: Credits: © 2009. Photo: Roger B. Ulrich. Text: museum inscription to the sculpture.
   Publication: Name: http://ancientrome.ru/art/artworken/img.htm?id=2762;
   Note: Avidia Plautia, mother of the emperor Lucius Verus. Marble. 136—138 CE. Inv. No. 1992.2.1. New Haven (USA), Yale University Art Gallery Description: Roman marble portrait of Avidia Plautia, mother of Lucius Verus (emperor). Dated by the Yale University Art Gallery to ca. A.D. 136—138. Wife of Lucius Aelius Verus Caesar. According the museum, this portrait has been identified through physical similarities to the portraiture of Lucius Verus.
   
4. Title: Yale University Art gallery eCatalogue: Portrait of Avidia Plautia (mother of Lucius Verus)
   Publication: Name: https://web.archive.org/web/20110720122702/http://ecatalogue.art.yale.edu/detail.htm?objectId=7368;
   Note: Portrait of Avidia Plautia (mother of Lucius Verus) ca. 136-138 A.D. Artist: Unknown The Leonard C. Hanna Jr., B.A. 1913, Fund and the Stephen Carlton Clark, B.A. 1903, Fund 1992.2.1 This portrait bust represents an adult woman, dressed in chiton and himation, with a small mouth, heavy brow, and almond-shaped eyes. Her hair is parted in the center and brushed sideways in waves over her ears, then swept upward to form coils of braids on the crown of her head. At least two other replicas of the same portrait type exist, suggesting that its subject is a member of the Roman imperial family. The most likely identification is Avidia Plautia, the mother of the emperor Lucius Verus. It is suggested that this portrait pre-dates the accession of Verus in A.D. 161, belonging instead to the Hadrianic period, when Aelius, Avidia's husband, served as Caesar and was the designated successor to the imperial throne. This object is on view at the gallery. Bibliography Susan B. Matheson, "A Woman of Consequence," Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin (1992): 86–93, fig. 1–5. "Acquisitions 1992," Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin (1993): 152–53, ill.
   
5. Title: The Imperial Index > The rulers of the Roman Empire From Augustus to Constantine 11 PaLaEOLOGus: Lucius Verus (161-169 A.D.)
   Author: Copyright (C) 2001, Phoebe B. Peacock. This file may be copied on the condition that the entire contents, including the header and this copyright notice, remain intact. Phoebe B. Peacock Library of Congress
   Publication: Name: http://www.roman-emperors.org/lverus.htm;
   Note: ...Early Life Lucius Ceionius Commodus, the future Lucius Verus, was the son of Lucius Aelius Caesar, the Emperor Hadrian's first choice as a successor. He was born December 15 A.D., 130. His mother's name was Avidia. He did not add Aelius or Aurelius or Aelius Aurelius to his name until after the adoption. Verus was not added until 161 when Marcus transferred the name Verus from himself to his co-emperor in order to establish a family connection after the death of Antoninus, the father they shared through adoption. Lucius retained Commodus as part of his name throughout his life...