Quintus Mucius Scaevola

• Preferred Name: Quintus Mucius Scaevola^{[1] [2]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Birth: 140 BC
  
• Occupation: Curule aedile104 BC in Roma, Roman Republic at LATI: N1.9 LONG: E2.4833
  
• Occupation: Pontifex MaximusABT 90 BC in Roma, Roman Republic at LATI: N1.9 LONG: E2.4833
  
• Occupation: Tribune106 BC in Roma, Roman Republic at LATI: N1.9 LONG: E2.4833
  
• FSID: LD53-249
  
• Occupation: Consul of Rome95 BC in Roma, Roman Republic at LATI: N1.9 LONG: E2.4833 with note: As consul, together with his relative Lucius Licinius Crassus, he had a law (the Lex Licinia Mucia) passed in the Senate that denied Roman citizenship to certain groups within the Roman sphere of influence ("Italians" and "Latins"). The passage of this law was one of the major contributing factors to the Social War.
  
• Occupation: Governor of Asia
  
• Death: 82 BC in Temple of Vesta, Rome at LATI: N1.903 LONG: E2.4963 with note: Killed while fleeing from an attempt on his life, taking refuge in the Temple of the Vestal Virgins where he was slain.
  
• Notes:

  Quinto Mucio Escévola (cónsul 95 a. C.)
  https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinto_Mucio_Esc%C3%A9vola_(c%C3%B3nsul_95_a._C.)
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quintus_Mucius_Scaevola_Pontifex

• m. ABT 96 BC

1. Mucia Tertia, b. 105 BC in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy     d. 30 BC in Rome, Roma, Lazio, Italy

1. Title: Wikipedia - Quiintus Mucius Scaevola
   Author: Cicero Brutus 145, 150, 161, De Oratore 1.180 ^ Tuori, Kaius. Ancient Roman Lawyers and Modern Legal Ideals: Studies on the Impact of Contemporary Concerns in the Interpretation of Ancient Roman Legal History Vittorio Klostermann: 2007 ISBN 3-465-04034-1 ISBN 9783465040347 ^ Knight, Charles. The English Cyclopedia 1857; p. 293. ^ Cicero Pro Roscio Amerino 12.33 ^ Appian Civil Wars 1.88, Livy Periochae 86
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quintus_Mucius_Scaevola_Pontifex;
   Note: Quintus Mucius Scaevola "Pontifex" (140–82 BC) was a politician of the Roman Republic and an important early authority on Roman law. He is credited with founding the study of law as a systematic discipline.[2] He was elected Pontifex Maximus (chief priest of Rome), as had been his father and uncle before him.[3] He was the first Roman Pontifex Maximus to be murdered publicly, in Rome in the very Temple of the Vestal Virgins, signifying a breakdown of historical norms and religious taboos in the Republic. Political Career Scaevola was elected tribune in 106 BC, aedile in 104 BC and consul in 95 BC. As consul, together with his relative Lucius Licinius Crassus, he had a law (the Lex Licinia Mucia) passed in the Senate that denied Roman citizenship to certain groups within the Roman sphere of influence ("Italians" and "Latins"). The passage of this law was one of the major contributing factors to the Social War. Scaevola was next made governor of Asia, a position in which he became renowned for his harsh treatment of corrupt tax collectors, and for publishing an edict that later became a standard model for provincial administration. Cicero, for instance, modelled his governor's edict for Cilicia on Scaevola's example. Scaevola's honest administration was so successful that the people he governed instituted a festival day (the dies Mucia) in his honour. This festival was in turn so popular that even Mithridates VI of Pontus left it untouched when he invaded Asia in the First Mithridatic War. However, by governing Asia so fairly, Scaevola and his legate Publius Rutilius Rufus attracted the enmity of the Equites, who were being denied their usual profits from extorting the locals. These equestrian businessmen later conspired to have Rutilius Rufus prosecuted and exiled for the charge of extortion in 92 BC, a trial that became a byword for injustice to later generations of Romans. Returning to Rome, Scaevola was elected pontifex maximus. He took the opportunity to regulate more strictly the priestly colleges and to ensure that traditional rituals were properly observed. Scaevola was the author of a treatise on civil law (Jus civile primus constituit generatim in libros decem et octo redigendo) that spanned eighteen volumes, compiling and systematising legislation and precedents. He also wrote a short legal handbook (ο̉ροι, or simply Liber Singularis) containing a glossary of terms and an outline of basic principles. Four short sections of this latter work were incorporated by Justinian I into his Pandectae, but nothing of the rest of his works is extant today. Speeches by Scaevola extant in ancient times were praised by Cicero. He was also the originator of cautelary law giving his name to the cautio muciana and the praesumptio muciana. Death Scaevola was killed in the civil unrest surrounding the power struggle between Sulla and Gaius Marius. At the latter's funeral in 86 BC, an attempt was made on his life at the instigation of Flavius Fimbria, one of Marius's most violent partisans, who, upon hearing that the victim survived, albeit with a severe wound, launched a prosecution against him, on the grounds that the priest had not allowed the blade to be fully thrust onto his body.[4] Scaevola's loyalty to the Marian party was sufficiently in doubt that, in 82 BC, Marius's son ordered the praetor in Rome, Damasippus, to convene the Senate on some pretext, to murder the priest and other unreliable senators in the senate house itself. Once Scaevola realized the ploy, he fled to the temple of Vesta where, at the vestibule, he was butchered by assassins.[5] His corpse was thrown unburied into the Tiber. Family Scaevola was the son of Publius Mucius Scaevola, who was consul in 133 BC and also Pontifex Maximus. Scaevola was married twice, both women were named Licinia. By his first wife, who was noted for her beauty, but whom he divorced after her adultery with another ex-consul, he had a daughter Mucia Tertia; she was married to Pompey the Great, with whom she had his three surviving children. By his granddaughter Pompeia (wife of Faustus Cornelius Sulla, eldest surviving son of the Dictator), Scaevola had illustrious descendants living well into the first and possibly second century of this era.
   
2. Title: Wikipedia -Gens Mucia
   Author: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. II, p. 1117 ("Mucia Gens"). ^ Livy, ii. 12, 13. ^ The New College Latin & English Dictionary, s. v. scaeva, scaevola. ^ Livy, ii. 13. ^ Varro, De Lingua Latina, vi. 5. ^ Livy, ii. 13. ^ Niebuhr, History of Rome, vol. i, "The War with Porsenna". ^ Valerius Maximus, vi. 3. § 2.
   Note: The gens Mucia was an ancient and noble patrician house at ancient Rome. The gens is first mentioned at the earliest period of the Republic, but in later times the family was known primarily by its plebeian branches.[1] Origin The first of the Mucii to appear in history is Gaius Mucius Scaevola, a young man at the inception of the Roman Republic. According to legend, he volunteered to infiltrate the camp of Lars Porsena, the king of Clusium, who besieged Rome c. 508 BC, and who may in fact have captured and held the city for some time. Mucius, armed with a dagger, attempted to assassinate Porsena, but unfamiliar with Etruscan dress, he mistook the king's secretary for the king, and was captured. Brought before the king, Mucius declared that he was but one of three hundred Roman men who had sworn to carry out this mission, or die in the attempt. As a show of bravery, it was said that he thrust his right hand into a brazier, and stood silently as it burned. Porsena was so impressed by his courage and endurance that Mucius was freed, and some traditions held that Porsena withdrew his army in fear of the threat of assassination invented by the young Roman.[2] Praenomina The chief praenomina used by the Mucii were Publius, Quintus, and Gaius, all of which were very common throughout Roman history. Branches and cognomina The only major family of the Mucii bore the cognomen Scaevola. This surname is said to have been acquired by Gaius Mucius, who lost the use of his right hand following his attempt on the life of Lars Porsena, and was subsequently called Scaevola because only his left hand remained. The similar cognomen, Scaeva, which occurs in other gentes, including among the Junii, is generally assumed to mean "left handed",[i] and Scaevola could be a diminutive form; but in ordinary usage, scaevola referred to an amulet.[3] The only other important cognomen of the Mucii was Cordus, borne by some of the Scaevolae. According to some traditions, Gaius Mucius was originally surnamed Cordus, and assumed the surname Scaevola on account of his deed before Porsena. However, it may be that the tradition concerning his right hand was a later addition to the story, intended to explain the descent of the Mucii Scaevolae from one of the heroes of the Republic. Although Gaius Mucius was a patrician, the later Mucii Scaevolae were plebeians.[4][5] Members This list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation. Gaius Mucius Scaevola, attempted the life of Lars Porsena, c. 508 BC.[6][7] Publius Mucius Scaevola, tribune of the plebs in 486 BC, supposedly burned nine of his colleagues for conspiring with the consul Spurius Cassius Viscellinus.[8][9][10] Publius Mucius Scaevola, father of the praetor of 215 BC.[11] Quintus Mucius P. f. Scaevola, praetor in 215 BC, received Sardinia as his province. His command there was prolonged for three years. He may have been consul in 220.[12][13] Publius Mucius Q. f. P. n. Scaevola, praetor in 179 BC, and consul in 175, triumphed over the Ligures.[14][15][16] Quintus Mucius Q. f. P. n. Scaevola, praetor in 179 BC, and consul in 174.[17][18] Publius Mucius (P. f. Q. n.) Scaevola, consul in 133 BC; two years later he succeeded his brother, Publius Licinius Crassus Dives Mucianus, as Pontifex Maximus. He was regarded as one of the founders of the jus civile.[19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Publius Licinius Crassus Dives Mucianus, Pontifex Maximus, and consul in 131 BC; he was defeated and killed by Aristonicus.[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Quintus Mucius Q. f. Q. n. Scaevola, called the augur, consul in 117 BC.[34][35][36] Mucia Q. f. Q. n., the elder daughter of Quintus Mucius Scaevola, the augur, married Lucius Licinius Crassus, the orator, who was consul in 95 BC, and the colleague of Mucia's cousin, Quintus Mucius Scaevola.[37][38][39] Tertia Mucia Q. f. Q. n., better known as Mucia Tertia, the younger daughter of the augur, married Gnaeus Pompeius, the triumvir.[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] Quintus Mucius P. f. (P. n.) Scaevola, consul in 95 BC and Pontifex Maximus, was murdered at the temple of Vesta by order of the younger Marius.[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] Gaius Mucius Scaevola, one of the quindecimviri sacris faciundis in 17 BC.[57] Gaius Licinius Mucianus, consul in AD 52, 70, and 75; a general, statesman, orator, and historian praised by Tacitus, he was a strong supporter of Vespasian.[58][59][60][61][62][63][64]