Mariamne bat Alexander 2nd wife Herod I

• Preferred Name: Mariamne bat Alexander 2nd wife Herod I^{[1] [2] [3]}
  
• Gender: F
  
• FSID: G38W-XXK
  
• Clan Name: with note: Description: Hasmonean (Maccabean) Dynasty
  
• Death: 29 BC in Judea, Roman Empire at LATI: N1.75 LONG: E5 with note: Wikipedia (updated 18 September 2022) Executed by her husband King Herod killed for plotting to kill husband, King Herod
  
• Birth: 57 BC in Judea, Roman Empire at LATI: N1.75 LONG: E5
  
• Burial: 25 BC in Herodian Family Tomb, Jerusalem, Judea at LATI: N1.75 LONG: E5 with note: https://www.baslibrary.org/biblical-archaeology-review/9/3/2 -Herodian Family Tomb
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  “Mariamme I was then only a little girl. Herod was bethrothed to her in 42 BC when she would have been about 12 Josephus, wAS 1.241;Ant 14.300) and he married her in 37BCE at about 17 (Was 1.344;Ant 14,467)”
  
  “Herod married Mariamme I in 37BC; Herod died 4/5BC” Kokkinos
  
  Wikipedia (updated 18 September 2022)
  Mariamne I (died 29 BCE), also called Mariamne the Hasmonean, was a Hasmonean princess and the second wife of Herod the Great. She was known for her great beauty, as was her brother Aristobulus III. Herod's fear of his rivals, the Hasmoneans, led him to execute all of the prominent members of the family, including Mariamne.
  
  Her name is spelled Μαριάμη (Mariame) by Josephus, but in some editions of his work the second m is doubled (Mariamme). In later copies of those editions the spelling was dissimilated to its now most common form, Mariamne. In Hebrew, Mariamne is known as מִרְיָם‎, (Miriam), as in the traditional, Biblical name (see Miriam, the sister of Moses and Aaron).
  
  Life
  Mariamne was the daughter of the Hasmonean Alexandros, also known as Alexander of Judaea, and thus one of the last heirs to the Hasmonean dynasty of Judea.[1] Mariamne's only sibling was Aristobulus III. Her father, Alexander of Judaea, the son of Aristobulus II, married his cousin Alexandra, daughter of his uncle Hyrcanus II, in order to cement the line of inheritance from Hyrcanus and Aristobulus, but the inheritance soon continued the blood feud of previous generations, and eventually led to the downfall of the Hasmonean line. By virtue of her parents' union, Mariamne claimed Hasmonean royalty on both sides of her family lineage.
  
  Her mother, Alexandra, arranged for her betrothal to Herod in 41 BCE after Herod agreed to a Ketubah with Mariamne's parents. The two were wed four years later (37 BCE) in Samaria. Mariamne bore Herod four children: two sons, Alexandros and Aristobulus (both executed in 7 BCE), and two daughters, Salampsio and Cypros. A fifth child (male), drowned at a young age – likely in the Pontine Marshes near Rome, after Herod's sons had been sent to receive educations in Rome in 20 BCE.
  
  Josephus writes that it was because of Mariamne's vehement insistence that Herod made her brother Aristobulos a High Priest. Aristobulos, who was not even eighteen years old, drowned (in 36 BCE) within a year of his appointment; Alexandra, his mother, blamed Herod. Alexandra wrote to Cleopatra, begging her assistance in avenging the boy's murder. Cleopatra in turn urged Mark Antony to punish Herod for the crime, and Antony sent for him to make his defense. Herod left his young wife in the care of his uncle Joseph, along with the instructions that if Antony should kill him, Joseph should kill Mariamne. Herod believed his wife to be so beautiful that she would become engaged to another man after his death and that his great passion for Mariamne prevented him from enduring a separation from her, even in death. Joseph became familiar with the queen and eventually divulged this information to her and the other women of the household, which did not have the hoped-for effect of proving Herod's devotion to his wife. Rumors soon circulated that Herod had been killed by Antony, and Alexandra persuaded Joseph to take Mariamne and her to the Roman legions for protection. However, Herod was released by Antony and returned home, only to be informed of Alexandra's plan by his mother and sister, Salome. Salome also accused Mariamne of committing adultery with Joseph, a charge which Herod initially dismissed after discussing it with his wife. After Herod forgave her, Mariamne inquired about the order given to Joseph to kill her should Herod be killed, and Herod then became convinced of her infidelity, saying that Joseph would only have confided that to her were the two of them intimate. He gave orders for Joseph to be executed and for Alexandra to be confined, but Herod did not punish his wife.
  
  Because of this conflict between Mariamne and Salome, when Herod visited Augustus in Rhodes in 31 BCE, he separated the women. He left his sister and his sons in Masada while he moved his wife and mother-in-law to Alexandrium. Again, Herod left instructions that should he die, the charge of the government was to be left to Salome and his sons, and Mariamne and her mother were to be killed. Mariamne and Alexandra were left in the charge of another man named Sohemus, and after gaining his trust again learned of the instructions Herod provided should harm befall him. Mariamne became convinced that Herod did not truly love her and resented that he would not let her survive him. When Herod returned home, Mariamne treated him coldly and did not conceal her hatred for him. Salome and her mother preyed on this opportunity, feeding Herod false information to fuel his dislike. Herod still favored her; but she refused to have sexual relations with him and accused him of killing her grandfather, Hyrcanus II, and her brother. Salome insinuated that Mariamne planned to poison Herod, and Herod had Mariamne's favorite eunuch tortured to learn more. The eunuch knew nothing of a plot to poison the king, but confessed the only thing he did know: that Mariamne was dissatisfied with the king because of the orders given to Sohemus. Outraged, Herod called for the immediate execution of Sohemus, but permitted Mariamne to stand trial for the alleged murder plot. To gain favor with Herod, Mariamne's mother even implied Mariamne was plotting to commit lèse majesté. Mariamne was ultimately convicted and executed in 29 BCE.[2] Herod grieved for her for many months.
  
  Children
  son Alexander, executed 7 BCE
  son Aristobulus IV, executed 7 BCE
  daughter Salampsio
  daughter Cypros

• m. 32 BC in Samaria, Roman Empire

1. Alexander son of Herod by Mariamne I of Judea, b. ABT 31 BC in Judaea, Roman Republic     d. ABT JAN 2 BC in Sabaste, Samaria, Roman Empire

1. Title: Biblical Archeological Library.org - Herodian Family Tomb
   Author: EHUD NETZER (d. 2010) was a Professor Emeritus at the Hebrew University’s Institute of Archaeology. An authority on the architecture of Herod the Great, he excavated at sites throughout Israel and Jordan—including Jericho, Herodium and Masada, where he worked with the late Yigael Yadin. Netzer died on October 27, 2010 from a fall at Herodium where he had been digging for 38 years in search of Herod’s tomb.
   Publication: Name: https://www.baslibrary.org/biblical-archaeology-review/9/3/2;
   Note: (excerpt) In addition to the delicate opus reticulatum, a few decorated ashlarc blocks in Herodian style were found—some by Schick and the others by us. These stones barely hint at what must have been the original beauty and magnificence of the structure. This structure may well have been Herod the Great’s funerary monument in Jerusalem and the place where Herod’s family was buried. The structure is located on a knoll or ridge just opposite a major entrance to the city—surely prime real estate for many centuries. Although the present Damascus gate was built only in the 16th century by Suleiman the Magnificent, archaeologists have discovered beneath it the remains of an older but equally imposing gate from the Roman and Herodian period. So in Herod’s time the round structure must also have been located opposite a main entrance to the city. Even more important than the location of the structure is its plan. It is strikingly similar to the plans of many round tomb-monuments in the Roman world. Indeed, this plan was a favorite of eminent figures in the Roman world, as the tombs of Augustus and Hadrian in Rome witness. Augustus’s tomb is of special significance because it is contemporaneous with this Jerusalem monument. Emphasizing this significance is the fact that our Jerusalem structure surely dates from the Herodian period, as indicated not only by the decorated ashlars but also by the pottery uncovered in our soundings at the site. Josephus, the Jewish historian who lived a generation or two after Herod, twice mentions “Herod’s Monument” in Jerusalem (The Jewish War, V, 108, and V, 507). Unfortunately, Josephus gives no description of this monument. Scholars have long interpreted these references as indicating that Herod’s family members were buried in this monument, because Herod himself was buried at Herodium. It is therefore my belief that this structure was originally a magnificent edifice that was Herod’s Monument in Jerusalem, referred to by Josephus, and that also served as a mausoleum for Herod’s family.
   
2. Title: Wikipedia: Marianme I also known as Mariamne the Hasmonean
   Author: References Josephus. Antiquities of the Jews. 15.23–31, 61–85, 185, 202–246; Jewish War 1.241, 262, 431–444. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Richard Gottheil; Samuel Krauss (1901–1906). "Mariamne". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Gabriele Boccaccini (1992). Portraits of Middle Judaism in Scholarship and Arts. Turin: Zamorani. ISBN 9788871580210. Maurice J. Valency (1940). The Tragedies of Herod and Mariamne. New York: Columbia University Press.
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariamne_I;
   Note: Mariamne I (died 29 BCE), also called Mariamne the Hasmonean, was a Hasmonean princess and the second wife of Herod the Great. She was known for her great beauty, as was her brother Aristobulus III. Herod's fear of his rivals, the Hasmoneans, led him to execute all of the prominent members of the family, including Mariamne. Life Mariamne was the daughter of the Hasmonean Alexandros, also known as Alexander of Judaea, and thus one of the last heirs to the Hasmonean dynasty of Judea.[1] Mariamne's only sibling was Aristobulus III. Her father, Alexander of Judaea, the son of Aristobulus II, married his cousin Alexandra, daughter of his uncle Hyrcanus II, in order to cement the line of inheritance from Hyrcanus and Aristobulus, but the inheritance soon continued the blood feud of previous generations, and eventually led to the downfall of the Hasmonean line. By virtue of her parents' union, Mariamne claimed Hasmonean royalty on both sides of her family lineage. Her mother, Alexandra, arranged for her betrothal to Herod in 41 BCE after Herod agreed to a Ketubah with Mariamne's parents. The two were wed four years later (37 BCE) in Samaria. Mariamne bore Herod four children: two sons, Alexandros and Aristobulus (both executed in 7 BCE), and two daughters, Salampsio and Cypros. A fifth child (male), drowned at a young age – likely in the Pontine Marshes near Rome, after Herod's sons had been sent to receive educations in Rome in 20 BCE. Josephus writes that it was because of Mariamne's vehement insistence that Herod made her brother Aristobulos a High Priest. Aristobulos, who was not even eighteen years old, drowned (in 36 BCE) within a year of his appointment; Alexandra, his mother, blamed Herod. Alexandra wrote to Cleopatra, begging her assistance in avenging the boy's murder. Cleopatra in turn urged Mark Antony to punish Herod for the crime, and Antony sent for him to make his defense. Herod left his young wife in the care of his uncle Joseph, along with the instructions that if Antony should kill him, Joseph should kill Mariamne. Herod believed his wife to be so beautiful that she would become engaged to another man after his death and that his great passion for Mariamne prevented him from enduring a separation from her, even in death. Joseph became familiar with the queen and eventually divulged this information to her and the other women of the household, which did not have the hoped-for effect of proving Herod's devotion to his wife. Rumors soon circulated that Herod had been killed by Antony, and Alexandra persuaded Joseph to take Mariamne and her to the Roman legions for protection. However, Herod was released by Antony and returned home, only to be informed of Alexandra's plan by his mother and sister, Salome. Salome also accused Mariamne of committing adultery with Joseph, a charge which Herod initially dismissed after discussing it with his wife. After Herod forgave her, Mariamne inquired about the order given to Joseph to kill her should Herod be killed, and Herod then became convinced of her infidelity, saying that Joseph would only have confided that to her were the two of them intimate. He gave orders for Joseph to be executed and for Alexandra to be confined, but Herod did not punish his wife. Because of this conflict between Mariamne and Salome, when Herod visited Augustus in Rhodes in 31 BCE, he separated the women. He left his sister and his sons in Masada while he moved his wife and mother-in-law to Alexandrium. Again, Herod left instructions that should he die, the charge of the government was to be left to Salome and his sons, and Mariamne and her mother were to be killed. Mariamne and Alexandra were left in the charge of another man named Sohemus, and after gaining his trust again learned of the instructions Herod provided should harm befall him. Mariamne became convinced that Herod did not truly love her and resented that he would not let her survive him. When Herod returned home, Mariamne treated him coldly and did not conceal her hatred for him. Salome and her mother preyed on this opportunity, feeding Herod false information to fuel his dislike. Herod still favored her; but she refused to have sexual relations with him and accused him of killing her grandfather, Hyrcanus II, and her brother. Salome insinuated that Mariamne planned to poison Herod, and Herod had Mariamne's favorite eunuch tortured to learn more. The eunuch knew nothing of a plot to poison the king, but confessed the only thing he did know: that Mariamne was dissatisfied with the king because of the orders given to Sohemus. Outraged, Herod called for the immediate execution of Sohemus, but permitted Mariamne to stand trial for the alleged murder plot. To gain favor with Herod, Mariamne's mother even implied Mariamne was plotting to commit lèse majesté. Mariamne was ultimately convicted and executed in 29 BCE.[2] Herod grieved for her for many months. Children son Alexander, executed 7 BCE son Aristobulus IV, executed 7 BCE daughter Salampsio daughter Cypros Talmudic reference Jerusalem Model, Palace of Herod the Great, The three towers: Phasael, Hippicus, Mariamne from left to right Miniature detail from the collection De mulieribus claris, by Giovanni Boccaccio There is a Talmudic passage concerning the marriage and death of Mariamne, although her name is not mentioned. When the whole house of the Hasmoneans had been rooted out, she threw herself from a roof and was killed. She committed suicide because Herod had spared her life, so that he could marry her. If he were to marry her, then he would be able to claim that he was not actually a slave, but rather that he had royal blood.[3] Out of love for her, Herod is said to have kept her body preserved in honey for seven years. There is an opinion that he would use her to fulfill animalistic desires.[4] In the Talmud this sort of action is called a "deed of Herod".[5] Josephus relates also that after her death Herod tried in hunting and banqueting to forget his loss, but that even his strong nature succumbed and he fell ill in Samaria, where he had made Mariamne his wife.[6] The Mariamne Tower in Jerusalem, built by Herod, was without doubt named after her; it was called also "Queen".[7]
   
3. Title: Britannica
   Publication: Name: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mariamne-wife-of-Herod-I;
   Note: Mariamne, (born c. 57—died 29 BC), Jewish princess, a popular heroine in both Jewish and Christian traditions, whose marriage (37 BC) to the Judean king Herod the Great united his family with the deposed Hasmonean royal family (Maccabees) and helped legitimize his position. At the instigation of his sister Salome and Mariamne’s mother, Alexandra, however, Herod had her put to death for adultery. Later, he also executed her two sons, Alexander and Aristobulus.