Artabazos , Satrap of Deskyleion II

• Preferred Name: Artabazos , Satrap of Deskyleion II^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Death: 328 BC in Hellespontine, Phrygia, Persia with note: GEDCOM data
  
• FSID: 9WCX-JBJ
  
• Birth: ABT 385 BC in Daskyleion, Anatolia, Persia at LATI: N9 LONG: E5 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Satrap of Bactria - under Alexander the GreatBET 330 BC AND 328 BC
  
• MilitaryService: fought for Darius III in the Battle of Gaugamela331 BC
  
• Clan Name: with note: Description: Pharnacid Dynasty
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: King of Bithynia (Bactria)
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Satrap of Hellespontine PhrygiaBET 389 BC AND 329 BC
  
• National Identification: with note: Description: Persian
  
• Residence: exiled with his family at the court of Philip II for about 10 yearsBET 352 BC AND 342 BC in Macedonia at LATI: N1.645 LONG: E1.665
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Artabazos' children
  . a son named Pharnabazus (fl. 370–320 BC)
  . Barsine, may have married Alexander and may have been the mother of Heracles.
  . Artacama, was given in marriage to Ptolemy;
  . Artonis, was given in marriage to Eumenes.
  
  For Barsine, the daughter of Artabazus, who was the first lady Alexander took to his bed in Asia, and who brought him a son named Heracles, had two sisters; one of which, called Apame, he gave to Ptolemy; and the other, called Artonis, he gave to Eumenes, at the time when he was selecting Persian ladies as wives for his friends.
  — Plutarch, The Life of Eumenes
  
  In 328 BC, Artabazos resigned his satrapy, which was given to Cleitus the Black.
  ______
  
  Artabazos II (in Greek Ἀρτάβαζος) (fl. 389 – 328 BC) was a Persian general and satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia. He was the son of the Persian satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia Pharnabazus II, and younger kinsman (most probably nephew) of Ariobarzanes of Phrygia who revolted against Artaxerxes II around 356 BC. His first wife was an unnamed Greek woman from Rhodes, sister of the two mercenaries Mentor of Rhodes and Memnon of Rhodes. Towards the end of his life, he became satrap of Bactria for Alexander the Great.
  
  In 362 BC, Artabazos was sent by Artaxerxes II to capture Datames, the satrap of Cappadocia, who had joined in the Satraps' revolt in which Artabazus' brother, Ariobarzanes, was a participant. However, Artabazos was defeated by Datames. Artaxerxes II ultimately prevailed, and Ariobarzanes was crucified and Datames assassinated.
  
  Rebellion against Artaxerxes III
  Following the capture and death of his brother, Artabazos was made satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia, but in 356 BC he refused obedience to the new Persian king, Artaxerxes III. Artaxerxes had ordered the disbanding of all the satrapal armies of Asia Minor, as he felt that they could no longer guarantee peace in the west and was concerned that these armies equipped the western satraps with the means to revolt. The order was ignored by Artabazus, who asked for the help of Athens in a rebellion against the king. Artabazos then became involved in a revolt against the king and against other satraps who acknowledged the authority of Artaxerxes III.
  
  Artabazos was at first supported by Chares, an Athenian general, and his mercenaries, whom he rewarded very generously. The gold coinage of Artabazos is thought to have been issued specifically to reward the troops of Chares. The Satrap of Mysia, Orontes I, was also on his side. Later, Artabazos was also supported by the Thebans, who sent him 5,000 men under Pammenes. With the assistance of these and other allies, Artabazos defeated the King in two great battles.
  
  However, Artaxerxes III was later able to deprive Artabazos of his Athenian and Boeotian allies by counter-bribing them, whereupon Artabazos was defeated by the king's general, Autophradates, and was taken prisoner. Mentor and Memnon, two brothers-in-law of Artabazos, who had supported him, still continued the revolt, as they were aided by the Athenian mercenary leader, Charidemus. Together they were able to free Artabazos.
  
  Exile in Macedonia at the court of Philip II (352–342 BC)
  After this, Artabazos seems either to have continued his rebellious operations or at least started a fresh revolt. However, eventually, he had no choice but to flee with Memnon and his family. They went into exile and took refuge at the court of Philip II of Macedonia in Pella, together with their 11 sons and 10 daughters. Artabazos, who was 37, and his family were exiled at the court of Philip II for about ten years, from 352 to 342, and during that time Artabazos became acquainted with the future Alexander the Great. Barsine, daughter of Artabazos, and future wife of Alexander, grew up at the Macedonian court.
  
  During the absence of Artabazos, Mentor of Rhodes, his brother-in-law, was of great service to the king of Persia in his war against Nectanebo II of Egypt. After the close of this war, in the summer of 342 BC, Artaxerxes gave Mentor the command against the rebellious satraps of western Asia. Mentor took advantage of this opportunity to ask the king to grant a pardon to Artabazos and Memnon. The king agreed and both men and their families were able to return to Persia.
  
  In the subsequent reign of Darius III Codomannus, Artabazos distinguished himself by his loyalty and commitment to the new Persian king. He took part in the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BC, and afterwards accompanied Darius on his flight from Alexander's Macedonian armies.
  
  Hellenistic satrap of Bactria
  After the final defeat and death of Darius III in 330 BC, Alexander recognised and rewarded Artabazos for his loyalty to the Persian king by giving him the satrapy of Bactria, a post he held until his death in 328 BC.

1. Barsine bint Artabazos II II, b. 0363 AC in Persia     d. 0309 AC in Macedonia

1. Title: Wikipedia - Artabazos II
   Author: Smith, William (editor); Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, "Artabazus (4)", Boston, (1867) Corso, Antonio. The Statue of Apollo Smintheus by Scopas and the Monumental Policy of the Satrap Artabazos. Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art: Collection of articles. Vol. 9. Ed: A. V. Zakharova, S. V. Maltseva, E. Iu. Staniukovich-Denisova. Lomonosov Moscow State University / St. Petersburg, NP-Print, 2019, pp. 75–79. ISSN 2312-2129.
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artabazos_II;
   Note: Artabazos II From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Artabazos II Artabazos portrait.jpg Portrait of Artabazos II, from his gold coinage (fl. 389 – 328 BC). Allegiance Achaemenid Empire Years of service fl. 389 – 328 BC Rank Satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia Satrap of Bactria (under Alexander the Great) Battles/wars Great Satraps' Revolt Children Pharnabazus III Artakama Barsine Artabazos II was Satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia, and ruled from its capital Daskyleion. Pharnacid dynasty Satraps of Hellespontine Phrygia c.550–497 BCE (Pharnaces) c.480–455 BCE Artabazus I c.455–430 BCE Pharnabazus I c.430–420 BCE Pharnaces II c.413–374 BCE Pharnabazus II c.407–362 BCE Ariobarzanes c.389–329 BCE Artabazus II c.370–320 BCE Pharnabazus III Artabazos II (in Greek Ἀρτάβαζος) (fl. 389 – 328 BC) was a Persian general and satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia. He was the son of the Persian satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia Pharnabazus II, and younger kinsman (most probably nephew) of Ariobarzanes of Phrygia who revolted against Artaxerxes II around 356 BC. His first wife was an unnamed Greek woman from Rhodes, sister of the two mercenaries Mentor of Rhodes and Memnon of Rhodes.[1] Towards the end of his life, he became satrap of Bactria for Alexander the Great. Revolt of Datames In 362 BC, Artabazos was sent by Artaxerxes II to capture Datames, the satrap of Cappadocia, who had joined in the Satraps' revolt in which Artabazus' brother, Ariobarzanes, was a participant. However, Artabazos was defeated by Datames.[2] Artaxerxes II ultimately prevailed, and Ariobarzanes was crucified and Datames assassinated. Rebellion against Artaxerxes III Following the capture and death of his brother, Artabazos was made satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia, but in 356 BC he refused obedience to the new Persian king, Artaxerxes III. Artaxerxes had ordered the disbanding of all the satrapal armies of Asia Minor, as he felt that they could no longer guarantee peace in the west and was concerned that these armies equipped the western satraps with the means to revolt.[3] The order was ignored by Artabazus, who asked for the help of Athens in a rebellion against the king. Artabazos then became involved in a revolt against the king and against other satraps who acknowledged the authority of Artaxerxes III. Artabazos was at first supported by Chares, an Athenian general, and his mercenaries, whom he rewarded very generously. The gold coinage of Artabazos is thought to have been issued specifically to reward the troops of Chares.[4] The Satrap of Mysia, Orontes I, was also on his side. Later, Artabazos was also supported by the Thebans, who sent him 5,000 men under Pammenes. With the assistance of these and other allies, Artabazos defeated the King in two great battles. However, Artaxerxes III was later able to deprive Artabazos of his Athenian and Boeotian allies by counter-bribing them, whereupon Artabazos was defeated by the king's general, Autophradates, and was taken prisoner. Mentor and Memnon, two brothers-in-law of Artabazos, who had supported him, still continued the revolt, as they were aided by the Athenian mercenary leader, Charidemus. Together they were able to free Artabazos. Exile in Macedonia at the court of Philip II (352–342 BC) After this, Artabazos seems either to have continued his rebellious operations or at least started a fresh revolt. However, eventually, he had no choice but to flee with Memnon and his family. They went into exile and took refuge at the court of Philip II of Macedonia in Pella, together with their 11 sons and 10 daughters.[5] Artabazos, who was 37, and his family were exiled at the court of Philip II for about ten years, from 352 to 342, and during that time Artabazos became acquainted with the future Alexander the Great.[6][7] Barsine, daughter of Artabazos, and future wife of Alexander, grew up at the Macedonian court.[7] Return to Persia During the absence of Artabazos, Mentor of Rhodes, his brother-in-law, was of great service to the king of Persia in his war against Nectanebo II of Egypt. After the close of this war, in the summer of 342 BC, Artaxerxes gave Mentor the command against the rebellious satraps of western Asia. Mentor took advantage of this opportunity to ask the king to grant a pardon to Artabazos and Memnon. The king agreed and both men and their families were able to return to Persia.[8] In the subsequent reign of Darius III Codomannus, Artabazos distinguished himself by his loyalty and commitment to the new Persian king. He took part in the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BC, and afterwards accompanied Darius on his flight from Alexander's Macedonian armies. Hellenistic satrap of Bactria After the final defeat and death of Darius III in 330 BC, Alexander recognised and rewarded Artabazos for his loyalty to the Persian king by giving him the satrapy of Bactria, a post he held until his death in 328 BC.[9] Family Artabazos' daughter, Barsine, may have married Alexander and may have been the mother of Heracles. Another daughter, Artacama, was given in marriage to Ptolemy; and a third daughter, Artonis, was given in marriage to Eumenes. For Barsine, the daughter of Artabazus, who was the first lady Alexander took to his bed in Asia, and who brought him a son named Heracles, had two sisters; one of which, called Apame(Artacama?), he gave to Ptolemy; and the other, called Artonis, he gave to Eumenes, at the time when he was selecting Persian ladies as wives for his friends. — Plutarch, The Life of Eumenes.[10] In 328 BC, Artabazos resigned his satrapy, which was given to Cleitus the Black.[11][12] Artabazos also had a son named Pharnabazus (fl. 370–320 BC).
   
2. Title: Livius.org - Artabaszos II
   Author: Author Jona Lendering
   Publication: Name: https://www.livius.org/articles/person/artabazus-2/;
   Note: Artabazus II (Elamite: Irdumasda; Persian Artavazdâ?): Persian nobleman (c.389-325), played a very important role during the war between Alexander the Great and the Achaemenid empire. Portrait of an Iranian. Allard Piersonmuseum, Amsterdam (Netherlands) Portrait of an Iranian Artabazus was born in c.389 as younger son of Pharnabazus II, the satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia, i.e., the northwest of what is now Turkey. The family descended from Pharnaces I, the chief economic official of king Darius I the Great (522-486), who happened to be Pharnaces' nephew. Pharnaces owned large possessions in Hellespontine Phrygia and his son, Artabazus I, and knew the country, was appointed satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia in 477. From that moment on, the country was always ruled by a descendant of Pharnaces. In 360s, several satraps in the west rebelled against king Artaxerxes II Mnemon. The revolt was started in 367 by Ariobarzanes I, one of the Pharnacids; soon, the satraps Maussolus of Caria, Orontes of Armenia, Autophradates of Lydia and Datames -who was already leading a rebel army in northern Turkey- joined him. In 362, the rebels were defeated; Ariobarzanes was betrayed by his son Mithradates and crucified. Now Artabazus II, a younger brother of Ariobarzanes and Mithradates, became satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia. Although he must have known about his brother's fate, he also decided to revolt, probably in 358, after the death of king Artaxerxes II Mnemon. It is unclear why Artabazus revolted, especially since his army was not particularly strong. He made use of the services of an Athenian army under command of Chares; this army ought to be fighting against revolting Athenian allies, but was short of money and therefore willing to serve as mercenaries. With Athenian help, Artabazus defeated a Persian army in 355 in a battle that was celebrated in Greece as "a second Marathon". Family tree of the later Pharnacids Family tree of the later Pharnacids By now, king Artaxerxes III Ochus had established his rule. He sent a letter to Athens in which he demanded the recall of Chares; if the Athenians continued to support Artabazus, the Persian navy would support the rebellious allies. Athens accepted the humiliation and Artabazus was again left without army. He tried to hire 5,000 Thebans (353), but was defeated before they had arrived. Artabazus fled to Macedonia, where he stayed at the court of king Philip II for ten years. Here, he met the young crown prince Alexander and the philosopher Aristotle of Stagira. As satrap, he was succeeded by Arsites, who was probably not a member of the Pharnacid family. Artabazus owed his recall and his second career in the Achaemenid empire to his son-in-law. Among the Greek mercenaries in his service were two brothers from Rhodes, Mentor and Memnon; Artabazus had married their sister and Mentor was married to Artabazus' daughter Barsine. Memnon joined Artabazus in his Macedonian exile, but Mentor managed to receive a pardon from king Artaxerxes III and rendered important services during Artaxerxes' Egyptian war. When the king asked Mentor how he could express his gratitude, the Rhodian asked for the recall of his brother and his father-in-law. The king pardoned the former rebels, and they returned to Persia in 342. Artabazus gave the king invaluable information about the plan of Philip to attack Persia, which was to be executed as soon as he had subdued the Greek cities. It is not known what Artabazus did during the next twelve years, but we know something about his family life: his son-in-law Mentor died in 340 and Barsine remarried to her husband's brother Memnon, who died in 333. We can make some guesses about Artabazus' political life in the years after his recall. The Greek historian Arrian of Nicomedia tells us that during Alexander's conquest of the Achaemenid empire, the Persian king Darius III Codomannus was arrested by his courtier Bessus in July 330. Bessus had received the royal salute from the Bactrian cavalry and all the Persians who had been with Darius on his retreat, except Artabazus and his sons -and the Greek mercenaries- who were loyal. These, unable to prevent what had taken place, had left the main road and made for the hills on their own, refusing to take any part in the action of Bessus and his supporters. [Arrian, Anabasis 3.21.4; tr. Aubrey de Sélincourt] This is a very important text. In the first place, it proves that Artabazus and his family remained loyal to Darius when it seemed better to switch alliance to Bessus. This behavior strongly suggests a more personal tie between Darius and Artabazus, and this may be confirmed by the fact that both men came from the northwestern parts of the empire (Artabazus had been satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia, Darius III had been satrap of Armenia). It is probable that in the years 339-336, when it was unclear who was to succeed Artaxerxes III Ochus, Artabazus sided with Darius against Artaxerxes IV Arses. Another interesting aspect of the text quoted above, is that it mentions Artabazus together with the Greek mercenaries. These men had fought under Memnon and Artabazus' son Pharnabazus III in the Aegean sea, had been transferred to Syria, and had fought in the battles of Issus and Gaugamela. The name of the liaison officer, who was responsible for the communications between the Persian headquarters and the mercenary leaders, is not known, but it must have been Artabazus, because he was bilingual and had a good name among the mercenaries. A few weeks later, Artabazus surrendered to Alexander, who was campaigning in Hyrcania. Artabazus cannot have found it difficult to switch sides, because the Macedonian leader had announced that he considered himself to be the successor of Darius and had given the Persian king a royal burial. Besides, Artabazus had lived at the Macedonian court for ten years and had known Alexander when he was a boy. The Greek mercenaries surrendered immediately after the surrender of Artabazus, which again suggests that he had been their liaison officer. At Alexander's court, Artabazus met his daughter Barsine again. When her husband Memnon had left for his command in the Aegean sea, she had stayed with king Darius, perhaps as a hostage. After the battle of Issus (333), she was taken captive by the Macedonians, and Alexander had fallen in love with her. (Maybe, they had already met each other when Artabazus was exiled to Macedonia.) Artabazus became one of the most influential Persian advisers of Alexander: after all, he was bilingual, had gained the thrust of the Greek mercenaries, was an experienced governor, knew Macedonia well, and was the father of Alexander's lover. Artabazus must have convinced many Iranians to give up the resistance against the invaders. Later, when Alexander was marching from Arachosia to Gandara, Artabazus suppressed a native rising in Aria (329), led by Satibarzanes. Alexander rewarded Artabazus by making him satrap of Bactria. This proves that the Macedonian king trusted him completely. The Macedonians were now fighting north of Bactria in Sogdia, and all roads to Sogdia led through Bactria. If Artabazus revolted, Alexander would be helpless. Artabazus did not disappoint Alexander, although his capital Bactra (Balkh, near modern Mazâr-e Sharîf) was at some stage attacked by Scythians and needed to be reinforced. In the Summer of 328, he commanded an army (with Alexander's friend Hephaestion) that was to operate in the extreme north of Sogdia; this is interesting, because it is likely that Iranian horsemen were the backbone of this army - proof that Alexander was willing to give the native population an important role in his empire. In 327, Artabazus asked to be relieved of the satrapy on account of his age: he was probably sixty-two. Alexander accepted the request and made him governor of a fortress in Sogdia, which seems to have been sinecure function. On this Sogdian rock, Alexander had met Roxane, with whom he married. This must have been a very deep disappointment for Artabazus and Barsine -who had just given birth to Alexander's first-born son, Heracles-, but they are not known to have entertained resentments. It is not known what became of Artabazus. However, it is certain that his sons were honored by Alexander and received important positions: e.g., Cophen was a member of the Macedonian elite regiments and Pharnabazus became a cavalry commander. In 324, Artabazus' daughter Artacama married to Alexander's friend Ptolemy and his daughter Artonis married Eumenes, the royal secretary. An anonymous granddaughter, child of Mentor and Barsine, married to Nearchus, Alexander's admiral.
   
3. Title: Livius: Artabazus (2)
   Publication: Name: http://www.livius.org/articles/person/artabazus-2/;
   
4. Title: Iranica online - Artabaszoss II
   Author: Bibliography: On the etymology of the name see M. Mayrhofer, Onomastica Persepolitana, Vienna, 1973, p. 167 no. 8.617). (M. A. Dandamayev) Originally Published: December 15, 1986 Last Updated: August 15, 2011 This article is available in print. Vol. II, Fasc. 6, pp. 650-651
   Publication: Name: https://iranicaonline.org/articles/artabazus-gk;
   Note: Son of Pharnabazus and Princess Apame. In 362 B.C. he was appointed satrap of Hellespont Phrygia, a position which was hereditary in his family. In 356 he revolted against Artaxerxes III who had ordered the satraps in Asia Minor to disband their mercenaries. With the help of Athens and Thebes Artabazus managed to hold out until 352 when he had to seek refuge at the court of Philip, king of Macedonia. Through the influence of Mentor, his brother-in-law, Artabazus was pardoned in 345 and returned to Persia (Diodorus 16.34 and 52). In 331 after the battle of Gaugamela he fled with Darius III. When Bessus declared himself the king Artabazus deserted to Alexander the Great who granted him the satrapy of Bactria. See E. Meyer, Geschichte des Altertums V, Stuttgart and Berlin, 1913, pp. 486-90 and 493. 3) Father of Tritantaechmes, satrap of Babylonia (Herodotus 1.192). 4) A Median Nobleman (Xenophon, Cyropaedia 6.1, 9, 34, 35 etc.). 5) A Persian commander (Xenophon, Cyropaedia 5.3, 38). 6) Irdumasda, a satrap of Maka during the reign of Darius I (R. T. Hallock, Persepolis Fortification Tablets, Chicago, 1969, p. 703).