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Pharnabazus of Daskyleion II
- Preferred Name: Pharnabazus of Daskyleion II[1] [2]
- Gender: M
- MilitaryService: naval Battle of Cyzicus - during the Peloponnesian War.BET MAY AND JUN 410 BC
- Clan Name: with note: Description: Pharnacid Dynasty
- MilitaryService: Battle of Cnidus - against the Spartan naval fleet during the Corinthian War394 BC with note:
- http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Satrap of Hellespontine PhrygiaBET 413 BC AND 387 BC
- National Identification: with note: Description: Persian
- Occupation: Satrape de DASKYLEION
- Death: AFT 373 BC in Daskyleion, Anatolia, Asia Minor, Persian Empire at LATI: N9 LONG: E5
- FSID: M1TV-55Q
- Birth: 435 BC in Daskyleion, Anatolia, Asia Minor, Persian Empire at LATI: N9 LONG: E5
- Notes:
=== Life Sketch ===
From Wikipedia -
Pharnabazus II (Old Iranian: Farnabāzu, Greek: Φαρνάβαζος Pharnabazos; ruled 413-374 BC) was a Persian soldier and statesman, and Satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia. He was the son of Pharnaces II of Phrygia and grandson of Pharnabazus I, and great-grandson of Artabazus I. He and his male ancestors, forming the Pharnacid dynasty, had governed the satrapy of Hellespontine Phrygia from its headquarters at Dascylium since 478 BC. He married Apama, daughter of Artaxerxes II of Persia, and their son Artabazus also became a satrap of Phrygia. According to some accounts, his granddaughter Barsine may have become Alexander the Great's concubine.
According to research by Theodor Nöldeke, he was descended from Otanes, one of the associates of Darius in the murder of Smerdis.
Pharnabazus was one of the best known Satraps among the Greeks, and had many exchanges with them. He is one of the main characters in the Hellenica of Xenophon, also appears in his Anabasis, and is also very present in the History of the Peloponnesian War of Thucydides.
The family of Pharnabazus was closely related to the Greek world. His son Artabazos II married a Greek noblewoman from Rhodes, and lived in exile with his family at the Macedonian court of Philip II for more than ten years. His granddaughter Barsine may have been Alexander the Great's concubine and may have had a child by him.
=== Satrape (414-390) ===
Satrape (414-390)
Preferred Parents:
Father: Pharnaces Daskalytis of Phrygia II, b. ABT 470 BC in Macedonia d. ABT 420 BC in Phrygia, Anatolia, Persian Empire, Asia Minor
Mother: Apame of Persia, b. ABT 470 BC in Iran d. in Iran
Family 1: Apama of Persia I, b. 415 BC in Persia d. 390 BC
- Artabazos , Satrap of Deskyleion II, b. ABT 385 BC in Daskyleion, Anatolia, Persia d. 328 BC in Hellespontine, Phrygia, Persia
- Apama Amastris of Dascylium, b. 365 BC in Bactria, Afghanistan d. 280 BC
Family 2: Apame Achéménide de Perse, b. 415 BC d. 360 BC
Sources:
- Title: Wikipedia - Pharnabazus II
Author: Grimal, Nicolas (1992). A History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Blackwell Books. ISBN 978-0-631-19396-8. Lloyd, Alan B. (1994). "Egypt, 404–332 B.C.". The Fourth Century B.C. The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. VI. ISBN 0-521-23348-8. (article includes extensive notes)
Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharnabazus_II;
Note: Pharnabazus II
Satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia
In office
413 BC – 387 BC
Preceded by Pharnaces II
Succeeded by Ariobarzanes of Phrygia
Personal details
Spouse Apama
Children Artabazos II
Military service
Allegiance Achaemenid Empire
Battles/wars
Peloponnesian War
Battle of Cyzicus
Corinthian War
Battle of Cnidus
Pharnabazus was Satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia.
Pharnabazus II (Old Iranian: Farnabāzu, Greek: Φαρνάβαζος Pharnabazos; ruled 413-374 BC)[2] was a Persian soldier and statesman, and Satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia. He was the son of Pharnaces II of Phrygia and grandson of Pharnabazus I, and great-grandson of Artabazus I. He and his male ancestors, forming the Pharnacid dynasty, had governed the satrapy of Hellespontine Phrygia from its headquarters at Dascylium since 478 BC. He married Apama, daughter of Artaxerxes II of Persia, and their son Artabazus also became a satrap of Phrygia. According to some accounts, his granddaughter Barsine may have become Alexander the Great's concubine.[3]
According to research by Theodor Nöldeke, he was descended from Otanes, one of the associates of Darius in the murder of Smerdis.
Satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia
War with Sparta against Athens (c.413-404 BC)
Athens was the dominant power in the Aegean in the 5th century BC, following the Greeks' victories over the Achaemenids in the Second Persian invasion of Greece (480-479 BC). Athens, powered by the alliance formed under the Delian League, has even been called the Athenian Empire at that time, and formed the largest threat to the Achaemenid possessions in Asia Minor.
Pharnabazus II was first recorded as satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia in 413 BC, when he received orders from Darius II of Persia to send in the outstanding tribute of the Greek cities on the Ionian coast, tribute he had a hard time to obtain due to Athenian interference. Thucydides described this situation, faced by both satraps Pharnabazus and Tissaphernes:[4]
The king (Darius II) had lately called upon him for the tribute from his government, for which he was in arrears, being unable to raise it from the Hellenic towns by reason of the Athenians; and he therefore calculated that by weakening the Athenians he should get the tribute better paid, and should also draw the Lacedaemonians into alliance with the king.
— Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War 8.5.5&6[4]
The assassination of the exiled Athenian general Alcibiades may have been organized by Pharnabazes, at the request of Sparta.
He, like Tissaphernes of Caria, entered into negotiations with Sparta and began a war with Athens. The conduct of the war was much hindered by the rivalry between the two satraps, of whom Pharnabazus was by far the more energetic and upright. Pharnabazus initially fought with the Spartans against the Athenians during the Peloponnesian war (431–404 BC), even, in one instance, coming to the rescue of the retreating Spartan forces, and riding his horse into the sea to fend off the Athenians while encouraging his regiment.[5]
In 404 BC, Pharnabazus may also have been responsible for the assassination of the Athenian general Alcibiades, who had taken refuge in the Achaemenid Empire. The assassination was probably at the instigation of the Spartans, and specifically Lysander.[6][7] As Alcibiades was about to set out for the Persian court, his residence was surrounded and set on fire. Seeing no chance of escape he rushed out on his assassins, dagger in hand, and was killed by a shower of arrows.[8]
Conflict with the Ten Thousand (399 BC)
After their victory in the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), the Spartans became the dominant power in the Aegean, creating a new threat for the Achaemenid Empire. The Spartans then antagonised the Achaemenid king Artaxerxes II by militarily supporting the rival bid of his brother Cyrus the Younger, their ally during the Peloponnesian war, leading to the campaign of the Ten Thousand deep into Achaemenid territory in 401-399 BC. Cyrus the Younger failed, but the relationship between Sparta and the Achaemenid Empire remained adversarial.
Pharnabazus was involved in helping the Bithynians against the plundering raids of the Greek Ten Thousand who were returning from their failed campaign in the centre of the Achaemenid Empire. He was also trying to stop them from entering Hellespontine Phrygia. His cavalry is said to have killed about 500 Greek mercenaries on that occasion, and mounted several raids on the Greek mercenaries.[11] Pharnabazus then arranged with the Spartan admiral Anaxibius for the rest of the Greek mercenaries to be shipped out of the Asian continent to Byzantium.[12]
- Title: Livius: Pharnabazus (2)
Publication: Name: http://www.livius.org/articles/person/pharnabazus-2/;
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