Arsames of Anshan, Prince of Persia

• Preferred Name: Arsames of Anshan, Prince of Persia^{[1] [2] [3]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Death: ABT 522 BC in Anshan, Elam, Persia at LATI: N1 LONG: E0
  
• Birth: 610 BC in Anshan, Elam, Persia at LATI: N1 LONG: E0
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: King Of Parthia
  
• FSID: 9WCX-6VX
  
• He is mentioned in the prologue of the Behistun Inscription, in which its author, Darius the Great,: with note: Description: "I am Darius, the great king, king of kings, the king of Persia, the king of countries, the son of Hystaspes, the grandson of Arsames, the Achaemenid." King Darius says: "My father is Hystaspes; the father of Hystaspes was Arsames; the father of Arsames was Ariaramnes; the father of Ariaramnes was Teispes; the father of Teispes was Achaemenes." King Darius says: "That is why we are called Achaemenids; from antiquity we have been noble; from antiquity has our dynasty been royal." Livius: Arsames
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Arsames (Old Persian: 𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠𐎶[1] Aršāma, modern Persian:،آرسام، آرشام‎ Arshām, Greek: Ἀρσάμης) was the son of Ariaramnes and the grandfather of Darius I. He was traditionally claimed to have briefly been king of Persia during the Achaemenid dynasty, and to have given up the throne and declared loyalty to his relative Cyrus II of Persia before retiring to his family estate in the Persian heartland of Parsa, living there peacefully for the rest of his life, perhaps nominally exercising the duties of a "lesser king" under the authority of the "Great King". However, the claim that he or his son were ever kings is rejected by historians such as Pierre Briant. In an inscription allegedly found in Hamadan he is called "king of Persia", but the document is widely argued to be a fake, either modern or ancient. Another attestation of his reign is the Behistun Inscription, where his grandson Darius I lists him among his ancestors, although he does not explicitly mention him as being one of the anonymous eight kings whom he claims preceded him.
  
  Arsames was the father of Hystaspes (satrap of Parthia), Pharnaces (satrap of Phrygia) and Megabates (a general). Arsames lived to see his grandson, Darius I, become the Great King of the Persian Empire, though he died during his reign. Arsames and his son Hystaspes are noted as being alive in 522 BC, indicating that he had survived well into old age.
  
  His name (Aršāma) translates to "having a hero's strength". The feminine version of the name is Aršāmā (modern Persian:ارشاما [Arshāmā], Greek: Arsamē), and was the name of the daughter of Darius I, likely named in reference to him.

1. Pharnaces Mayor of the Palace of Achaemenid King Darius I the Great, b. ABT 565 BC in When Cyrus defeated the Medes in 550 BCE, Pharnaces must have been fifteen years old.     d. 497 BC in Anshan, Iran
2. Hystaspes Persian Satrap of Bactria and Persis, b. 570 BC in Anshan, Elamite Kingdom, Persia     d. 521 BC in Anshan, Elam, Persian Empire

1. Title: Livius: Arsames
   Publication: Name: http://www.livius.org/articles/person/arsames/?;
   Note: Arsames (Old Persian: Aršâma): name of the grandfather of the Persian king Darius I the Great. He must have lived in the mid-sixth century BCE. Arsames is mentioned in the prologue of the Behistun Inscription, in which its author, Darius the Great, mentions his ancestors. I am Darius, the great king, king of kings, the king of Persia, the king of countries, the son of Hystaspes, the grandson of Arsames, the Achaemenid. King Darius says: My father is Hystaspes; the father of Hystaspes was Arsames; the father of Arsames was Ariaramnes; the father of Ariaramnes was Teispes; the father of Teispes was Achaemenes. King Darius says: That is why we are called Achaemenids; from antiquity we have been noble; from antiquity has our dynasty been royal.note This list of ancestors is also offered by the Greek researcher Herodotus of Halicarnassus,note and although he may not be an independent source of information that confirms the Behistun Inscription, there is no reason to believe that Darius did not remember the names of his grandfather. Arsames was still alive in 520 BCE, because his grandson Darius (r.522-486) mentions him as "still living" in the inscription from the royal palace at Susa known as DSf. (The construction of this palace cannot have started before 520.) King Darius says: Ahuramazda, the greatest of the gods created me, made me king, bestowed upon me this kingdom, great, possessed of good horses, possessed of good men. By the favor of Ahuramazda my father Hystaspes and Arsames my grandfather were both living when Ahuramazda made me king in this earth. Arsames had at least three sons, but we know only two names: Hystaspes, the father of king Darius the Great, and Pharnaces, who served as Darius' treasurer. Inscription AsH A brief inscription by Arsames, known as AsH, was found in 1945 on a gold tablet in Hamadan (ancient Ecbatana) and runs like this: [picture of tablet inscription by Arsames, known as AsH] Aršâma \ xšâyathiya \ vazraka \ x šâyathiya \ xšâyathiyânâm \ x šâyathiya \ Pârsa \ Ariyâramna \ xš âyathiyahyâ \ puça \ Haxâmanišiya \ thâtiy \ Aršâma \ xšâyathiya \ Au ramazdâ \ baga \ vazraka \ hya \ mathiš ta \ bagânâm \ mâm \ xšâyathiya m \ akunauš \ hauv \ dahyâum \ P ârsam \ manâ \ frâbara \ tya \ ukâram \ uvaspam \ vašnâ \ Auramazdâha \ im âm \ dahyâum \ dârayâmiy \ mâm \ Auramazdâ \ pâtuv \ utâmaiy \ v itham \ utâ \ imâm \ dahyâum \ tya \ adam \ dârayâmiy \ hauv \ pâtuv Arsames, the great king, king of kings, king in Persia, son of king Ariaramnes, an Achaemenian. King Arsames says: the great god Ahuramazda, greatest of gods, made me king. He bestowed on me the land Persia, with good people, with good horses. By the favor of Ahuramazda I hold this land. May Ahuramazda protect me, and my royal house, and may he protect this land which I hold. It is unclear when this text was made. It can be a fraud (modern or ancient), but it may be an original document.
   
2. Title: Iranica online - Arsames, Grandfather of Darius the Great
   Author: contained in text
   Publication: Name: https://iranicaonline.org/articles/arsama-greek-arsmes-aramaic-rsm-name-of-several-achaemenid-notables;
   Note: ARŠĀMA (Greek Arsámēs, Aramaic ʾršm), name of several Achaemenid notables. It is a compound of aršan “male, hero” and ama “strength,” thus meaning “having a hero’s strength;” the feminine form *Aršāmā (Greek Arsamē) is also attested, in the name of the daughter of Darius the Great (Justi, Namenbuch, p. 29; W. Hinz, Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen, Wiesbaden, 1975, p. 206). 1. Grandfather of Darius the Great. 1. The earliest-known and most famous Aršāma was the grandfather of Darius the Great, who counts his forebears as follows (DB 1.4ff.): Darius, son of Vištāspa (Hystaspes), son of Aršāma, son of Ariyāramna, son of Čaišpiš, son of Haxāmaniš(a) (Achaemenes). Herodotus (7.2) also names Aršāma (Arsames) the son of Ariyāramna (Ariaramnes) and grandson of Čaišpiš (Teispis). According to Darius (DB 1.10f.), eight kings of his family preceded him. From this it may be inferred that Ariyāramna and Aršāma had been local kings ruling over a region in Fārs (Persis). The short Old Persian text allegedly found in Hamadān (Kent, Old Persian, p.116, bibliography p. 107), which begins “Aršāma, the great king, king of kings, king (in) Persia,” however, is not authentic (H. H. Schaeder, “Über die Inschrift des Ariaramana,” SPAW, 1931, pp. 635-45), and can not be regarded as a serious source document (contra P. Lecoq, Acta Iranica 3, 1974, pp. 48-52). Aršāma came to the throne in about 590 B.C., but was still alive when Darius ascended the throne in 522 (DSF 13; XPf 19-20); he thus must have lived no less than ninety years (W. Hinz, Darius und die Perser I, Baden-Baden, 1976, p. 59). The fact that he called his son Vištāspa, a name which had been borne by the royal patron of Zoroaster, may indicate that Zoroastrianism had by his time been accepted by the Achaemenid family (Boyce, Zoroastrianism II, 1982, p. 41).
   
3. Title: Morte Il termine sa vie paisiblement, vraisemblablement après presque un siècle de vie. Fontes Nascimento: http://gw.geneanet.org/adecarne?lang=fr;pz=arnaud;nz=broquet;ocz=0;p=arsames;n=de+perse Morte: http://fabpedigree.com/s084/f888707.htm
   Note: Morte Il termine sa vie paisiblement, vraisemblablement après presque un siècle de vie. Fontes Nascimento: http://gw.geneanet.org/adecarne?lang=fr;pz=arnaud;nz=broquet;ocz=0;p=arsames;n=de+perse Morte: http://fabpedigree.com/s084/f888707.htm