Teispes 1st Persian King of Anshan

• Preferred Name: Teispes 1st Persian King of Anshan^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]}
  
• Alternate Name: Teispes Achaemenian
  
• Alternate Name: Teispes ( Chishpish)
  
• Gender: M
  
• Clan Name: with note: Description: House: Achaemenid Dynasty
  
• Birth: BET 705 BC AND 690 BC in Anshan, Elam, Mesopotamian Empire at LATI: N1 LONG: E0
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: 1st Persian King of Anshan - Achaemenid dynastyBET 635 BC AND 610 BC with note:
  
• He+is+named+only+in+Darius’s+own+genealogy+and+in+its+somewhat+longer+: with note: Description: counterpart by Herodotus.
  
• Residence: captured the Elamite city of Anshan, although the Achaemenids continued as vassals of the Assyrians - see sources -Wikipedia, Elam
  
• Death: 610 BC in Anshan, Elam, Mesopotamian Empire at LATI: N1 LONG: E0 with note: The Sumerians and Akkadians (including Assyrians and Babylonians) originating from different areas in present-day Iraq, dominated Mesopotamia from the beginning of written history (c. 3100 BC) to the fall of Babylon in 539 BC, when it was conquered by the Achaemenid Empire.
  
• FSID: LV9P-VLW
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  -- Wikiwand: Teispes
  
  Teïspes (from Greek Τεΐσπης; in Old Persian: 𐎨𐎡𐏁𐎱𐎡𐏁 Cišpiš; Akkadian: 𒅆𒅖𒉿𒅖 Šîšpîš, Elamite: Zi-iš-pi-iš) ruled Anshan in 675–640 BC. He was the son of Achaemenes of Persis and an ancestor of Cyrus the Great. There is evidence that Cyrus I and Ariaramnes were both his sons. Cyrus I is the grandfather of Cyrus the Great, whereas Ariaramnes is the great-grandfather of Darius the Great.
  
  According to 7th-century BC documents, Teispes captured the Elamite city of Anshan, speculated to have occurred after the Persians were freed from Median supremacy, and expanded his small kingdom. His kingdom was, however, a vassal state of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–605 BC). He was succeeded by his oldest son, Cyrus I.
  _____
  
  The Old Persian version of the name is Čišpiš; Walther Hinz and Heidemarie Koch interpret it as *Čaišpiš, but this appears to be incorrect. Rüdiger Schmitt considers the name "probably Iranian", whereas Jan Tavernier says it could also be Elamite. In either case, the etymology is unknown. It is probably not related to either the name of the Hurrian storm god Tešup or to the name of the Cimmerian king Teushpa. Its connection with the (Elamite) byname 𒍝𒆜𒉿𒆜𒅆𒅀 Zaišpîšiya is unclear — Hinz believes it represents an adjectival form of the name, *Čaišpišya, but Schmitt prefers the reading *Čašpišya instead and says the two names are unrelated.
  
  Vasily Abayev proposed that Čišpiš represents an Iranian form of the Old Indian sú-śiśvi, meaning "growing well". János Harmatta suggested a possible relation to the Sogdian čp'yš, meaning "leader". Tavernier, however, does not think either proposal is convincing. Another Iranian derivation proposed by Wojciech Skalmowski is that the name is a compound related to Old Indian cit-, "thought, intelligence", and pi-, "to swell, overflow".
  
  As for Elamite derivations, Tavernier says that no good one has been found. The verb stem piš-, meaning "to renew, restore", is indeed found in some Elamite names, but the first part is hard to explain. Tavernier suggests a possible connection with šišnali, "beautiful", which occurs as šiš in some compounds; an Elamite name *Šišpiš could then mean "renewing the beautiful". However, this would not explain why the name is spelled Zišpiš in Elamite, since šišnali is only ever spelled with a š.
  
  Another person named Čišpiš is also attested in the Persepolis tablets. This person is mentioned in tablets from 503 and 502 BCE as the recipient of various amounts of grain, and is associated with a place in Elam called Zila-Umpan.
  
  === Children **Ariyaramna Achaemenid **Cyrus ===
  Children **Ariyaramna Achaemenid **Cyrus I Achaemenid
  
  === Old Persian CHISHPISH Note: Teispes, Old ===
  Old Persian CHISHPISH Note: Teispes, Old Persian CHISHPISH (fl. mid-7th century BC), earlyAchaemenid Persianking (reigned c. 675-c. 640), the forefatherof the great kings Darius Iand Cyrus II. He was, perhaps, the son of Achaemenes, whose name was given totheAchaemenid dynasty. Teispes ruled the district of Anshan inElam (north ofthe Persian Gulf) and tried to maintain a neutralposition between thepowerful kingdoms of Elam and Assyria. Athis death, Teispes eitherdivided his kingdom between his sons,Ariaramnes and Cyrus I, or providedfor an alternation insuccession between the senior and junior lines. Related Propaedia Topics The Kingdom of the Medes in Iran (c. 700-550 BC) and theestablishment ofthe Achaemenid Persian Empire Copyright (c) 1996 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. All RightsReser
  
  === Kg. d. Perser um 675-645 ===
  Kg. d. Perser um 675-645

1. Ariaramnes ben Teispes, King of Persia, b. 640 BC in Anshan, Elam, Persia     d. ABT 590 BC in Parthia, Persia
2. Cyrus son of Teispes, 2nd Persian King of Anshan I, b. BET 670 BC AND 660 BC in Anshan, Elamite Kingdom     d. 580 BC in Anshan, Elamite Kingdom

1. Title: Legacy NFS Source: King of Anshan Teispes Achaemenid - Published information: birth: 0675 BC; Iran
   Note: Published information: birth: 0675 BC; Iran Published information: death: 0640 BC; Iran
   
2. Title: Wikipedia - History of Anshan and the Elamite Kingdom
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam;
   Note: Legacy (excerpt) The Assyrians had utterly destroyed the Elamite nation, but new polities emerged in the area after Assyrian power faded. Among the nations that benefited from the decline of the Assyrians were the Iranian tribes, whose presence around Lake Urmia to the north of Elam is attested from the 9th century BC in Assyrian texts. Some time after that region fell to Madius the Scythian (653 BC), Teispes, son of Achaemenes, conquered Elamite Anshan in the mid 7th century BC, forming a nucleus that would expand into the Persian Empire. They were largely regarded as vassals of the Assyrians, and the Medes, Mannaeans, and Persians paid tribute to Assyria from the 10th century BC until the death of Ashurbanipal in 627 BC. After his death, the Medes played a major role in the destruction of the weakened Assyrian Empire in 612 BC. The rise of the Achaemenids in the 6th century BC brought an end to the existence of Elam as an independent political power "but not as a cultural entity" (Encyclopædia Iranica, Columbia University). Indigenous Elamite traditions, such as the use of the title "king of Anshan" by Cyrus the Great; the "Elamite robe" worn by Cambyses I of Anshan and seen on the famous winged genii at Pasargadae; some glyptic styles; the use of Elamite as the first of three official languages of the empire used in thousands of administrative texts found at Darius’ city of Persepolis; the continued worship of Elamite deities; and the persistence of Elamite religious personnel and cults supported by the crown, formed an essential part of the newly emerging Achaemenid culture in Persian Iran. The Elamites thus became the conduit by which achievements of the Mesopotamian civilizations were introduced to the tribes of the Iranian plateau. Conversely, remnants of Elamite had "absorbed Iranian influences in both structure and vocabulary" by 500 BC,[101] suggesting a form of cultural continuity or fusion connecting the Elamite and the Persian periods.[102] The name of "Elam" survived into the Hellenistic period and beyond. In its Greek form, Elymais, it emerges as designating a semi-independent state under Parthian suzerainty during the 2nd century BC to the early 3rd century AD. In Acts 2:8–9 in the New Testament, the language of the Elamitēs is one of the languages heard at the Pentecost. From 410 onwards Elam (Beth Huzaye) was the senior metropolitan province of the Church of the East, surviving into the 14th century. Indian Carmelite historian John Marshal has proposed that the root of Carmelite history in present day India could be traced to the promise of restoration of Elam (Jeremiah 49:39).[103]
   
3. Title: Iranaca online Achaemenes, father of Teispes
   Publication: Name: https://iranicaonline.org/articles/achaemenes-greek;
   Note: ACHAEMENES (Greek Achaiménēs), Old Persian proper name Haxāmaniš, traditionally derived from haxā- “friend” and manah “thinking power” (but see Achaemenid Dynasty). 1. The eponymous founder of the Persian royal house, the Achaemenids. According to the Behistun inscription of Darius I (I.6 and A.8) and Herodotus (7.11; cf. also 3.75), Achaemenes was the father of Teispes, ancestor of Cyrus II and Darius I. If Achaemenes was a historical personage, he should have lived at the end of the 8th and the first quarter of the 7th century B.C. But Cyrus II does not mention Achaemenes at all in his detailed genealogy, given in the Babylonian cylinder. It is true that in his inscriptions from Pasargadae Cyrus II calls himself an Achaemenid. But at present it can not be decided for certain whether these texts were written during the reign of Cyrus II himself or, after his death, by an order of Darius I. It is quite possible that Achaemenes was only the mythical ancestor of the Persian royal house. Plato (Alcibiades 1) makes him the son of Perseus (another version considers him to be the son of Aegeus), son of Zeus. According to Nicolaus of Damascus, he was a hero from whom the Achaemenidae descended (see Jacoby, Fragmente I/2, p. 361). According to Aelianus (De hist. anim. 12.21), he was bred by an eagle.
   
4. Title: Copy of Wikiwand: Achaemenid kings
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Category:Achaemenid_kings;
   
5. Title: Wikiwand: Teispes
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Teispes;
   Note: Teïspes (from Greek "Τεΐσπης"; in Old Persian: "𐎨𐎡𐏁𐎱𐎡𐏁," "Cišpiš") ruled Anshan in 675–640 BC. He was the son of Achaemenes of Persis and an ancestor of Cyrus the Great. There is evidence that Cyrus I and Ariaramnes were both his sons. Cyrus I is the grandfather of Cyrus the Great, whereas Ariaramnes is great grandfather of Darius the Great. According to 7th-century BC documents, Teispes captured the Elamite city of Anshan, speculated to have occurred after the Persians were freed from Median supremacy, and expanded his small kingdom. His kingdom was, however, a vassal state of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–605 BC). He was succeeded by his second son, Cyrus I. Etymology of the name Schmitt suggests that the name is probably Iranian, but its etymology is unknown. Its connection with either the name of the Mitannian and Urartu storm god Tešup-Theispas, or with the (Elamite) byname "𒍝𒆜𒉿𒆜𒅆𒅀," "Zaišpîšiya" is likely.
   
6. Title: Wikiwand: Cyrus the Great
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Cyrus_the_Great;
   Note: Cyrus II of Persia (Old Persian: "𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁," "Kūrauš"; "Kourosh"; New Persian: "کوروش," "Kuruš; Hebrew: "כורש," Modern: "Kōréš," Tiberian: "Kōréš"; c. 600 – 530 BC), commonly known as Cyrus the Great, and also called Cyrus the Elder by the Greeks, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian Empire. Under his rule, the empire embraced all the previous civilized states of the ancient Near East, expanded vastly and eventually conquered most of Western Asia and much of Central Asia. From the Mediterranean Sea and Hellespont in the west to the Indus River in the east, Cyrus the Great created the largest empire the world had yet seen. Under his successors, the empire eventually stretched at its maximum extent from parts of the Balkans (Bulgaria-Paeonia and Thrace-Macedonia) and Eastern Europe proper in the west, to the Indus Valley in the east. His regal titles in full were The Great King, King of Persia, King of Anshan, King of Media, King of Babylon, King of Sumer and Akkad, and King of the Four Corners of the World. The Nabonidus Chronicle notes the ch'nge in his title from simply "King of Anshan," a city, to "King of Persia." Assyriologist François Vallat wrote that "When Astyages marched against Cyrus, Cyrus is called 'King of Anshan,' but when Cyrus crosses the Tigris on his way to Lydia, he is 'King of Persia.'" The coup therefore took place between these two events." The reign of Cyrus the Great lasted c. 30 years. Cyrus built his empire by first conquering the Median Empire, then the Lydian Empire, and eventually the Neo-Babylonian Empire. He led an expedition into Central Asia, which resulted in major campaigns that were described as having brought "into subjection every nation without exception." Cyrus did not venture into Egypt, and was alleged to have died in battle, fighting the Massagetae along the Syr Darya in December 530 BC. He was succeeded by his son, Cambyses II, who managed to conquer Egypt, Nubia, and Cyrenaica during his short rule. Cyrus the Great respected the customs and religions of the lands he conquered. This became a very successful model for centralized administration and establishing a government working to the advantage and profit of its subjects.In fact, the administration of the empire through satraps and the vital principle of forming a government at Pasargadae were the works of Cyrus. What is sometimes referred to as the Edict of Restoration (actually two edicts) described in the Bible as being made by Cyrus the Great left a lasting legacy on the Jewish religion. According to Isaiah 45:1 of the Hebrew Bible, God anointed Cyrus for this task, even referring to him as a messiah (lit. "anointed one") and he is the only non-Jewish figure in the Bible to be called so. Cyrus the Great also is well recognized for his achievements in human rights, politics, and military strategy, as well as his influence on both Eastern and Western civilizations. Having originated from Persis, roughly corresponding to the modern Iranian province of Fars, Cyrus has played a crucial role in defining the national identity of modern Iran The Achaemenid influence in the ancient world eventually would extend as far as Athens, where upper-class Athenians adopted aspects of the culture of the ruling class of Achaemenid Persia as their own. In the 1970s, the last Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi identified his famous proclamation inscribed onto the Cyrus Cylinder as the oldest known declaration of human rights, and the Cylinder has since been popularized as such. This view has been criticized by some historians as a misunderstanding of the Cylinder's generic nature as a traditional statement that new monarchs make at the beginning of their reign. Etymology Further information: Cyrus The name "Cyrus" is a Latinized form derived from the Greek "Κῦρος," "Kỹros," itself from the Old Persian "Kūruš." The name and its meaning has been recorded in ancient inscriptions in different languages. The ancient Greek historians Ctesias and Plutarch stated that Cyrus was named from "Kuros," the Sun, a concept which has been interpreted as meaning "like the Sun" (Khurvash) by noting its relation to the Persian noun for sun, "khor," while using "-vash" as a suffix of likeness. This may also point to a relationship to the mythological "first king" of Persia, Jamshid, whose name also incorporates the element "sun" ("shid"). Karl Hoffmann has suggested a translation based on the meaning of an Indo-European root "to humiliate" and accordingly, "Cyrus" means "humiliator of the enemy in verbal contest." In the Persian language and especially in Iran, Cyrus's name is spelled as "کوروش" [kuːˈɾoʃ]. In the Bible, he is known as Koresh (Hebrew: "כורש‎"). Some scholars, on the other hand, believe that neither Cyrus nor Cambyses were Iranian names, proposing that Cyrus was Elamite in origin and that it meant "He who bestows care." Dynastic history See also: Achaemenes, Achaemenid family tree, and Teispids The Persian domination and kingdom in the Iranian plateau started by an extension of the Achaemenid dynasty, who expanded their earlier domination possibly from the 9th century BC onward. The eponymous founder of this dynasty was Achaemenes (from Old Persian "Haxāmaniš"). Achaemenids are "descendants of Achaemenes," as Darius the Great, the ninth king of the dynasty, traces his genealogy to him and declares "for this reason we are called Achaemenids." Achaemenes built the state Parsumash in the southwest of Iran and was succeeded by Teispes, who took the title "King of Anshan" after seizing Anshan city and enlarging his kingdom further to include Pars proper. Ancient documents mention that Teispes had a son called Cyrus I, who also succeeded his father as "king of Anshan." Cyrus I had a full brother whose name is recorded as Ariaramnes. In 600 BC, Cyrus I was succeeded by his son, Cambyses I, who reigned until 559 BC. Cyrus II "the Great" was a son of Cambyses I, who had named his son after his father, Cyrus I. There are several inscriptions of Cyrus the Great and later kings that refer to Cambyses I as the "great king" and "king of Anshan." Among these are some passages in the Cyrus cylinder where Cyrus calls himself "son of Cambyses, great king, king of Anshan." Another inscription (from CM's) mentions Cambyses I as "mighty king" and "an Achaemenian," which according to the bulk of scholarly opinion was engraved under Darius and considered as a later forgery by Darius. However Cambyses II's maternal grandfather Pharnaspes is named by historian Herodotus as "an Achaemenian" too. Xenophon's account in Cyropædia further names Cambyses's wife as Mandane and mentions Cambyses as king of Iran (ancient Persia). These agree with Cyrus's own inscriptions, as Anshan and Parsa were different names of the same land. These also agree with other non-Iranian accounts, except at one point from Herodotus stating that Cambyses was not a king but a "Persian of good family." However, in some other passages, Herodotus's account is wrong also on the name of the son of Chishpish, which he mentions as Cambyses but, according to modern scholars, should be Cyrus I. The traditional view based on archaeological research and the genealogy given in the Behistun Inscription and by Herodotus holds that Cyrus the Great was an Achaemenid. However, M. Waters has suggested that Cyrus is unrelated to the Achaemenids or Darius the Great and that his family was of Teispid and Anshanite origin instead of Achaemenid. Early life Cyrus was born to Cambyses I, King of Anshan, and Mandane, daughter of Astyages, King of Media, during the period of 600–599 BC. By his own account, generally believed now to be accurate, Cyrus was preceded as king by his father Cambyses I, grandfather Cyrus I, and great-grandfather. Cyrus married Cassandane who was an Achaemenian and the daughter of Pharnaspes who bore him two sons, Cambyses II and Bardiya along with three daughters, Atossa, Artystone, and Roxane. Cyrus and Cassandane were known to love each other very much – Cassandane said that she found it more bitter to leave Cyrus than to depart her life. After her death, Cyrus insisted on public mourning throughout the kingdom. The "Nabonidus Chronicle" states that Babylonia mourned Cassandane for six days (identified from 21–26 March 538 BC). After his father's death, Cyrus inherited the Persian throne at Pasargadae, which was a vassal of Astyages. The Greek historian Strabo has said that Cyrus was originally named Agradates by his step-parents. It is probable that, when reuniting with his original family, following the naming customs, Cyrus's father, Cambyses I, named him Cyrus after his grandfather, who was Cyrus I. There is also an account by Strabo that claimed Agradates adopted the name Cyrus after the Cyrus River near Pasargadae. Mythology Herodotus gave a mythological account of Cyrus' early life. In this account, Astyages had two prophetic dreams in which a flood, and then a series of fruit bearing vines, emerged from his daughter Mandane's pelvis, and covered the entire kingdom. These were interpreted by his advisers as a foretelling that his grandson would one day rebel and supplant him as king. Astyages summoned Mandane, at the time pregnant with Cyrus, back to Ecbatana to have the child killed. Harpagus delegated the task to Mithradates, one of the shepherds of Astyages, who raised the child and passed off his stillborn son to Harpagus as the dead infant Cyrus. Cyrus lived in secrecy, but when he reached the age of 10, during a childhood game, he had the son of a nobleman beaten when he refused to obey Cyrus's commands. As it was unheard of for the son of a shepherd to commit such an act, Astyages had the boy brought to his court, and interviewed him and his adoptive father. Upon the shepherd's confession, Astyages sent Cyrus back to Persia to live with his biological parents. However, Astyages summoned the son of Harpagus, and in retribution, ch..
   
7. Title: Geni: Teispes, king of Anshan
   Publication: Name: https://www.geni.com/people/Teispes-king-of-Anshan/6000000008506694917;
   Note: Teispes Gender: Male Birth: -675 (Anshan), Iran Death: -640 (34-35) (Anshan), Iran Immediate Family: Son of Achaemenes, king of Anshan Father of Ariyaramna, king of Anshan; Achaemenes King Of Elam; Arsames; Ariaramnes Achaemenid and Cyrus I, king of Anshan Added by: François-Régis Allouis on September 10, 2007 Managed by: Henrik Nissen Sætness and 39 others Curated by: Jason Scott Wills Immediate Family Showing 6 people Ariyaramna, king of Anshan son Achaemenes King Of Elam son Arsames daughter Ariaramnes Achaemenid son Cyrus I, king of Anshan son Achaemenes, king of Anshan father
   
8. Title: Wikiwand: List of monarchs of Persia
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/List_of_monarchs_of_Persia;
   Note: This article lists the monarchs of Persia (Iran) from the establishment of the Median Empire by Medes around 705 BC until the deposition of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. Earlier monarchs in the area of modern-day Iran are listed in: . List of rulers of the pre-Achaemenid kingdoms of Iran Minor dynasties and vassal monarchs can be found in: . List of rulers of Parthian sub-kingdoms . Islamic dynasties of Iran Median Empire (678–549 BC) Main article: Medes Portrait Name Family relations Reign Notes Median Kingdom (678 BC–549 BC) Deioces 700–647 BC First known ruler of Media Phraortes Son of Deioces 647–625 BC Scythian rule (624–597 BC) Cyaxares Son of Phraortes 624–585 BC The dynasty of the Median kings was known as Cyaxarid dynasty, named after him or a pre-Deicoes king. Astyages Son of Cyaxares 585–549 BC Last king of the Medes Achaemenid Kingdom (~705–559 BC) Main article: Achaemenid Kingdom Portrait Name Family relations Reign Notes Achaemenid dynasty (~705–559 BC) Achaemenes ~705 BC First ruler of the Achaemenid kingdom Teispes Son of Achaemenes ~640 BC Cyrus I Son of Teispes ~580 BC Cambyses I Son of Cyrus I and father of Cyrus II ~550 BC Achaemenid Empire (559–334/327 BC) Main article: Achaemenid Empire Portrait Titles Regnal name Personal name Birth Family relations Reign Death Notes Achaemenid dynasty (559–334/327 BC) The Great King, King of Kings, King of Anshan, King of Media, King of Babylon, King of Sumer and Akkad, King of the Four Corners of the World Cyrus the Great – 600 BC Son of Cambyses I king of Anshan and Mandana daughter of Astyages 559–530 BC 530 BC King of Anshan from 559 BC. Killed in battle with Massagetes The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt Cambyses II – ? Son of Cyrus the Great 530–522 BC 521 BC Died while en route to put down a rebellion. Pharaonic titulary: Horus: Smatawy, Nswbty: Mesutire The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt Bardiya Gaumata (?) ? Son of Cyrus the Great (possibly an imposter claiming to be Bardiya) 522 BC 522 BC Killed by Persian aristocrats The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt Darius I – 550 BC Son of Hystaspes 522–486 BC 486 BC Pharaonic titulary: Horus: Menkhib Nswbty: Stutre The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt Xerxes I – 519 BC Son of Darius I 485–465 BC 465 BC Most likely is the King Ahasuerus of the Book of Esther The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt Artaxerxes I Arses ? Son of Xerxes I 465–424 BC 424 BC Believed by some to be the King Ahaseurus of the Book of Esther The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt Xerxes II Artaxerxes ? Son of Artaxerxes I 424 BC 424 BC Only recognised in Persia itself, killed by Sogdianus The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt ? Sogdianus ? Son of Artaxerxes I 424–423 BC 423 BC Only recognised in Persia and Elam, killed by Darius II The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt Darius II Ochus ? Son of Artaxerxes I 424–404 BC 404 BC The Great King, King of Kings Artaxerxes II Arsaces 436 Son of Darius II 404–358 BC 358 BC The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt Artaxerxes III Ochus ? Son of Artaxerxes II 358–338 BC 338 BC Killed The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt Artaxerxes IV Arses ? Son of Artaxerxes III 338–336 BC 336 BC Killed The Great King, King of Kings, Pharaoh of Egypt Darius III Artashata 380 Son of Arsames son of Ostanes son of Darius II 336–330 BC 330 BC Killed by Artaxerxes V The Great King, King of Kings Artaxerxes V Bessus ? Probably a descendant of Artaxerxes II 330–329 BC 329 BC Killed by Alexander III "Note: Ancient Persia is generally agreed to have ended with the collapse of the Achaemenid dynasty as a result of the Wars of Alexander the Great." Macedonian Empire (336–306 BC) Main article: Macedonian Empire Portrait Title Name Birth Family relations Reign Death Notes Argead dynasty (336–306 BC) King Alexander the Great 356 BC Son of Philip II of Macedonia 336–323 BC 13 June 323 BC King of Macedonia from 336 BC as Alexander III King Philip III c. 359 BC Son of Philip II of Macedonia June 323– 317 BC 317 BC Killed by Olympias King Alexander IV Sept. 323 BC Son of Alexander III Sept. 323–309 BC 309 BC King of Macedonia as Alexander IV until 309 BC. Killed by Cassander son of Antipater Regent Perdiccas ? June 323–321 BC 321 BC Regent for Alexander IV & Philip III, Prince of Orestis Regent Antipater 398 BC Son of Iollas 321–319 BC 319 BC Regent for Alexander IV & Philip III Regent Polyperchon 394 BC Son of Simmias 319–316 BC 303 BC Regent for Alexander IV & Philip III. Exercised no actual power in Persia. Regent Cassander c. 350 Son of Antipater 316–309 BC 297 BC Regent for and murderer of Alexander IV. Exercised no actual power in Persia. Seleucid Empire (311–129 BC) Main article: Seleucid Empire Portrait Title Regnal name Personal name Birth Family relations Reign Death Notes Seleucid dynasty (311–129 BC) King Seleucus I Nicator – c. 358 BC Son of Antiochus son of Seleucus 311–281 BC 281 BC Assumed title of "King" from 306 BC. King Antiochus I Soter – ? Son of Seleucus I 281–261 BC 261 BC Co-ruler from 291 King Antiochus II Theos – 286 BC Son of Antiochus I 261–246 BC 246 BC King Seleucus II Callinicus – ? Son of Antiochus II 246–225 BC 225 BC King Seleucus III Ceraunus Alexander c. 243 BC Son of Seleucus II 225–223 BC 223 BC Great King Antiochus III the Great – c. 241 BC Son of Seleucus II 223–187 BC 187 BC King Seleucus IV Philopator – ? Son of Antiochus III 187–175 BC 175 BC King Antiochus IV Epiphanes Mithridates c. 215 BC Son of Antiochus III 175–163 BC 163 BC Killed in Elymais King Antiochus V Eupator – c. 172 BC Son of Antiochus IV 163–161 BC 161 BC King Demetrius I Soter – 185 BC Son of Seleucus IV 161–150 BC 150 BC King Alexander Balas – ? Purported son of Antiochus IV 150–146 BC 146 BC King Demetrius II Nicator – ? Son of Demetrius I 146–139 BC 139 BC Defeated and captured by Parthians. He married Rhodogune daughter of Mithridates I King Antiochus VI Dionysus – 148 BC Son of Alexander III. 145–142 BC 138 BC In competition with Demetrius II. King Antiochus VII Sidetes – ? Son of Demetrius I 139–129 BC 129 BC Killed in battle with Phraates II Fratarakas Main article: Frataraka The Fratarakas appear to have been Governors of the Seleucid Empire. Name Date Coinage Family Relations Note 1 Bagadates/ Baydād (bgdt) 3rd century BC Fratarakā dynasty - son of Baykard Governor of the Seleucid Empire. Coin legend bgdt prtrk’ zy ’lhy’ (“Baydād, fratarakā of the gods”) in Aramaic. 2 Ardaxšīr I (rtḥštry) mid-3nd century BC Fratarakā dynasty Governor of the Seleucid Empire 3 Vahbarz (whwbrz - called Oborzos in Polyenus 7.40) mid-3nd century BC Fratarakā dynasty Governor of the Seleucid Empire 4 Vādfradād I (wtprdt) 3nd century BC Fratarakā dynasty - son of Vahbarz Governor of the Seleucid Empire 5 Vadfradad II c. 140 BC Fratarakā dynasty Governor of the Seleucid Empire. Transition period. Eagle emblem on top of stylized kyrbasia. Aramaic coin legend wtprdt [p]rtrk’ zy ’ly’ (“Vādfradād, frataraka of the gods”). 6 ‘Unknown king I’ (Syknlt?) 2nd half of 2nd century BC ? Transition period. No inscription Kings of Persis Main article: Kings of Persis Name Date Coinage Family Relations Note 7 Darev I 2nd century BC (end) ? Darev I and his successors were sub-kings of the Parthian Empire. Crescent emblem on top of stylized kyrbasia. Aramaic coin legend d’ryw mlk (𐡃‬𐡀𐡓𐡉‬‬𐡅‬ 𐡌𐡋‬𐡊‬, "King Darius").[5] 8 Vadfradad III 1st century BC (1st half) ? Sub-king of the Parthian Empire. Coin legend wtprdt mlk (𐡅‬𐡕‬𐡐‬𐡓‬𐡃‬𐡕 𐡌‬𐡋𐡊‬, "King Vadfradad") in Aramaic script. 9 Darev II 1st century BC son of Vadfradad III Sub-king of the Parthian Empire. Aramaic coin legend d’ryw mlk brh wtprdt mlk’ ("King Darius, son of King Vadfradad"). 10 Ardashir II 1st century BC (2nd half) son of Darev II Sub-king of the Parthian Empire. Killed by his brother Vahshir I 11 Vahšīr/ Vahshir I (Oxathres) 1st century BC (2nd half) son of Darev II Sub-king of the Parthian Empire 12 Pakor I 1st century CE (1st half) son of Vahshir I Sub-king of the Parthian Empire 13 Pakor II 1st century CE (1st half) ? Sub-king of the Parthian Empire 14 Nambed 1st century CE (mid) son of Ardashir II Sub-king of the Parthian Empire 15 Napad 1st century CE (2nd half) son of Nambed Sub-king of the Parthian Empire 16 ‘Unknown king II’ 1st century CE (end) ? Sub-king of the Parthian Empire 17 Vadfradad IV 2nd century CE (1st half) ? Sub-king of the Parthian Empire 18 Manchihr I 2nd century CE (1st half) ? Sub-king of the Parthian Empire 19 Ardashir III 2nd century CE (1st half) son of Manchihr I Sub-king of the Parthian Empire 20 Manchihr II 2nd century CE (mid) son of Ardashir III Sub-king of the Parthian Empire 21 Uncertain King III/ tentatively Pakor III 2nd century CE (2nd half) ? Sub-king of the Parthian Empire 22 Manchihr III 2nd century CE (2nd half) son of Manchihr II Sub-king of the Parthian Empire 23 Ardashir IV 2nd century CE (end) son of Manchihr III Sub-king of the Parthian Empire 24 Vahshir II (Oxathres) c. 206-210 CE ? Sub-king of the Parthian Empire. The last of Bazarangids. 25 Shapur 3rd century CE (beg.) Brother of the first Sasanian, Ardashir I Sub-king of the Parthian Empire 26 Ardashir V (Sasanian Dynasty Ardashir I) 3rd century CE (beg.) First Sasanian ruler, under the name of Ardashir I Sub-king of the Parthian Empire Parthian Empire (247 BC – CE 228) Main article: Parthian Empire The Seleucid dynasty gradually lost control of Persia. In 253, the Arsacid dynasty established itself in Parthia. The Parthians gradually expanded their control, until by the mid-2nd century BC, the Seleucids had completely lost control of Persia. Control of eastern territories was permanently lost by Antiochus VII in 129 BC. For more comprehensive lists of kings, queens, sub-kings and sub-queens of this Era see: . List of rulers of Parthian sub-ki..
   
9. Title: Wikiwand: Achaemenid family tree
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Achaemenid_family_tree;
   Note: The Achaemenid Empire was the first Persian empire, founded in 550 BC by Cyrus the Great. This article contains the Achaemenid family tree. [Chart of Family tree]
   
10. Title: Wikiwand: Achaemenes
    Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Achaemenes;
    Note: Achaemenes (Old Persian: Hakhāmaneš) was the apical ancestor of the Achaemenid dynasty of rulers of Persia. Other than his role as apical ancestor, nothing is known of his life or actions. It is quite possible that Achaemenes was only the mythical ancestor of the Persian royal house, but if Achaemenes was a historical person, he would have lived around the end of the 8th century and the beginning of the 7th century BC. Name The name used in European languages (Greek: Ἀχαιμένης (Achaiménēs), Latin: Achaemenes) ultimately derives from Old Persian Haxāmaniš (𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁), as found together with Elamite 𒄩𒀝𒋡𒉽𒉡𒆜 (Ha-ak-ka-man-nu-iš or Hâkamannuiš) and Akkadian 𒀀��𒈠𒉌𒅖𒀪 (A-ḫa-ma-ni-iš-ʾ) in the non-contemporaneous trilingual Behistun Inscription of Darius I. The Old Persian proper name is traditionally derived from haxā- (Sanskrit Sakhā) "friend" and manah "thinking power," yielding "having a friend's mind." A more recent interpretation reads haxā- as "follower", giving "characterized by a follower's spirit." The name is spelled هخامنش (Haxâmaneš) in Modern Persian. Historicity
    
11. Title: Copy of Encyclopædia Iranica: CHRONOLOGY OF IRANIAN HISTORY PART 1
    Publication: Name: http://www.iranicaonline.org/pages/chronology-1;
    
12. Title: Copy of Encyclopædia Iranica: ČIŠPIŠ
    Publication: Name: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/cispis-opers;
    
13. Title: Wikiwand: Achaemenid Empire
    Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Achaemenid_Empire;
    Note: The Achaemenid Empire (/əˈkiːmənɪd/; "𐎧𐏁𐏂," "Xšāça" (Old Persian) "The Empire" c. 550–330 BC), also called the First Persian Empire, was an ancient Iranian empire based in Western Asia founded by Cyrus the Great. Ranging at its greatest extent from the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper in the west to the Indus Valley in the east, it was larger than any previous empire in history, spanning 5.5 million square kilometers. Incorporating various peoples of different origins and faiths, it is notable for its successful model of a centralized, bureaucratic administration (through satraps under the King of Kings), for building infrastructure such as road systems and a postal system, the use of an official language across its territories, and the development of civil services and a large professional army. The empire's successes inspired similar systems in later empires. By the 7th century BC, the Persians had settled in the south-western portion of the Iranian Plateau in the region of Persis, which came to be their heartland. From this region, Cyrus the Great advanced to defeat the Medes, Lydia, and the Neo-Babylonian Empire, establishing the Achaemenid Empire. Alexander the Great, an avid admirer of Cyrus the Great, conquered most of the empire by 330 BC. Upon Alexander's death, most of the empire's former territory fell under the rule of the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Seleucid Empire, in addition to other minor territories which gained independence at that time. The Iranian elites of the central plateau reclaimed power by the second century BC under the Parthian Empire. The Achaemenid Empire is noted in Western history as the antagonist of the Greek city-states during the Greco-Persian Wars and for the emancipation of the Jewish exiles in Babylon. The historical mark of the empire went far beyond its territorial and military influences and included cultural, social, technological and religious influences as well. Despite the lasting conflict between the two states, many Athenians adopted Achaemenid customs in their daily lives in a reciprocal cultural exchange, some being employed by or allied to the Persian kings. The impact of Cyrus's edict is mentioned in Judeo-Christian texts, and the empire was instrumental in the spread of Zoroastrianism as far east as China. The empire also set the tone for the politics, heritage and history of Iran (also known as Persia). Etymology The term Achaemenid means "of the family of the Achaemenis/Achaemenes" (Old Persian: "𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁," "Haxāmaniš"; a bahuvrihi compound translating to "having a friend's mind"). Achaemenes was himself a minor seventh-century ruler of the Anshan in southwestern Iran, and a vassal of Assyria. History See also: Achaemenid Kingdom Part of a series on the History of Iran Timeline Iran portal Achaemenid timeline Astronomical year numbering Origin Main articles: Achaemenes, Teispids, and Achaemenid family tree "The Persian nation contains a number of tribes as listed here. ... : the Pasargadae, Maraphii, and Maspii, upon which all the other tribes are dependent. Of these, the Pasargadae are the most distinguished; they contain the clan of the Achaemenids from which spring the Perseid kings. Other tribes are the Panthialaei, Derusiaei, Germanii, all of which are attached to the soil, the remainder—the Dai, Mardi, Dropici, Sagarti, being nomadic." — Herodotus, "Histories 1.101 & 125" The Achaemenid Empire was created by nomadic Persians. The name "Persia" is a Greek and Latin pronunciation of the native word referring to the country of the people originating from Persis (Old Persian: "𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿," "Pārsa"). The Persians were an Iranian people who arrived in what is today Iran c. 1000 BC and settled a region including north-western Iran, the Zagros Mountains and Persis alongside the native Elamites. For a number of centuries they fell under the domination of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–609 BC), based in northern Mesopotamia. The Persians were originally nomadic pastoralists in the western Iranian Plateau and by 850 BC were calling themselves the Parsa and their constantly shifting territory Parsua, for the most part localized around Persis. The Achaemenid Empire was not the first Iranian empire, as the Medes, another group of Iranian peoples, established a short-lived empire and played a major role in the overthrow of the Assyrian. The Achaemenids initially were rulers of the Elamite city of Anshan near the modern city of Marvdasht; the title "King of Anshan" was an adaptation of the earlier Elamite title "King of Susa and Anshan." There are conflicting accounts of the identities of the earliest Kings of Anshan. According to the Cyrus Cylinder (the oldest extant genealogy of the Achaemenids) the kings of Anshan were Teispes, Cyrus I, Cambyses I and Cyrus II, also known as Cyrus the Great, who created the empire (the later Behistun Inscription, written by Darius the Great, claims that Teispes was the son of Achaemenes and that Darius is also descended from Teispes through a different line, but no earlier texts mention Achaemenes). In Herodotus' "Histories," he writes that Cyrus the Great was the son of Cambyses I and Mandane of Media, the daughter of Astyages, the king of the Median Empire. Formation and expansion Further information: Battle of the Persian Border, Persian Revolt, Battle of Pteria, Battle of Opis, Battle of Pelusium (525 BC), Achaemenid invasion of the Indus Valley, and European Scythian campaign of Darius I Cyrus revolted against the Median Empire in 553 BC, and in 550 BC succeeded in defeating the Medes, capturing Astyages and taking the Median capital city of Ecbatana. Once in control of Ecbatana, Cyrus styled himself as the successor to Astyages and assumed control of the entire empire. By inheriting Astyages' empire, he also inherited the territorial conflicts the Medes had had with both Lydia and the Neo-Babylonian Empire. King Croesus of Lydia sought to take advantage of the new international situation by advancing into what had previously been Median territory in Asia Minor. Cyrus led a counterattack which not only fought off Croesus' armies, but also led to the capture of Sardis and the fall of the Lydian Kingdom in 546 BC. Cyrus placed Pactyes in charge of collecting tribute in Lydia and left, but once Cyrus had left Pactyes instigated a rebellion against Cyrus. Cyrus sent the Median general Mazares to deal with the rebellion, and Pactyes was captured. Mazares, and after his death Harpagus, set about reducing all the cities which had taken part in the rebellion. The subjugation of Lydia took about four years in total. When power in Ecbatana changed hands from the Medes to the Persians, many tributaries to the Median Empire believed their situation had changed and revolted against Cyrus. This forced Cyrus to fight wars against Bactria and the nomadic Saka in Central Asia. During these wars, Cyrus established several garrison towns in Central Asia, including the Cyropolis. Nothing is known of Persian-Babylonian relations between 547 BC and 539 BC, but it is likely that there were hostilities between the two empires for several years leading up to the war of 540–539 BC and the Fall of Babylon. In October 539 BC, Cyrus won a battle against the Babylonians at Opis, then took Sippar without a fight before finally capturing the city of Babylon on 12 October, where the Babylonian king Nabonidus was taken prisoner. Upon taking control of the city, Cyrus depicted himself in propaganda as restoring the divine order which had been disrupted by Nabonidus, who had promoted the cult of Sin rather than Marduk, and he also portrayed himself as restoring the heritage of the Neo-Assyrian Empire by comparing himself to the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal. The Hebrew Bible also unreservedly praises Cyrus for his actions in the conquest of Babylon, referring to him as Yahweh's anointed. He is credited with freeing the people of Judah from their exile and with authorizing the reconstruction of much of Jerusalem, including the Second Temple. In 530 BC, Cyrus died while on a military expedition against the Massagetae in Central Asia. He was succeeded by his eldest son Cambyses II, while his younger son Bardiya received a large territory in Central Asia. By 525 BC, Cambyses had successfully subjugated Phoenicia and Cyprus and was making preparations to invade Egypt with the newly created Persian navy. The great Pharaoh Amasis II had died in 526 BC and had been succeeded by Psamtik III, resulting in the defection of key Egyptian allies to the Persians. Psamtik positioned his army at Pelusium in the Nile Delta. He was soundly defeated by the Persians in the Battle of Pelusium before fleeing to Memphis, where the Persians defeated him and took him prisoner. Herodotus depicts Cambyses as openly antagonistic to the Egyptian people and their gods, cults, temples and priests, in particular stressing the murder of the sacred bull Apis. He says that these actions led to a madness that caused him to kill his brother Bardiya (who Herodotus says was killed in secret), his own sister-wife and Croesus of Lydia. He then concludes that Cambyses completely lost his mind, and all later classical authors repeat the themes of Cambyses' impiety and madness. However, this is based on spurious information, as the epitath of Apis from 524 BC shows that Cambyses participated in the funeral rites of Apis styling himself as pharaoh. Following the conquest of Egypt, the Libyans and the Greeks of Cyrene and Barca in Libya surrendered to Cambyses and sent tribute without a fight Cambyses then planned invasions of Carthage, the oasis of Ammon and Ethiopia. Herodotus claims that the naval invasion of Carthage was cancelled because the Phoenicians, who made up a large part of Cambyses' fleet, refused to take up arms against their own people, but modern historians doubt whether an invasion of Carthage was ever planned at all. Herodotus claims that the naval invasion of Cartha..
    
14. Title: Copy of The Genealogy of the Achaemenids
    Publication: Name: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/achaemenid-dynasty#pt1;
    
15. Title: Wikiwand: Behistun Inscription
    Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Behistun_Inscription;
    Note: The Behistun Inscription (also Bisotun, Bistun or Bisutun; Persian: بیستون‎, Old Persian: Bagastana, meaning "the place of god") is a multilingual inscription and large rock relief on a cliff at Mount Behistun in the Kermanshah Province of Iran, near the city of Kermanshah in western Iran, established by Darius the Great (r. 522–486 BC). It was crucial to the decipherment of cuneiform script as the inscription includes three versions of the same text, written in three different cuneiform script languages: Old Persian, Elamite, and Babylonian (a variety of Akkadian). The inscription is to cuneiform what the Rosetta Stone is to Egyptian hieroglyphs: the document most crucial in the decipherment of a previously lost script.
    
16. Title: The History Files
    Publication: Name: https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsMiddEast/EasternPersia.htm;
    Note: 675 BC At a time which may fit in with the last of the Kayanian kings, the Parsua begin to unite under the (legendary) founder of their new dynasty. Many scholars of Persian history now believe that Achaemenes is a fictional common ancestor who is used to legitimise the rule of Darius I from 521 BC. Darius goes so far as to install inscriptions on the unfinished palace of Cyrus the Great at Pasargadae which reads 'I am Cyrus, the king, the Achaemenid.' No record of Achaemenes (Haxāmaniš in Old Persian, usually rendered in English as Hakhamanish) can be dated earlier than the reign of Darius I, and there is no indication of how Achaemenes may be related to the earlier, semi-mythical Parsua leaders. Nonetheless, the name 'Achaemenid' has been commonly accepted for the line of Persian kings beginning with Darius I, and Achaemenes is commonly accepted as leading the Parsua to their new home in Persis, ending their slow migration across Iran. Some sources use the term Achaemenid to refer to the entire line of early Persian rulers, including both Cyrus and Cambyses (600 BC). c.675 - 640 BC Achaemenes (Haxāmaniš) 'King of Anshan'. Vassal of the Medes. 644 BC Neo-Elamite Period III begins as Elam is devastated by Assyria, although not as badly as had previously been believed from inscriptions left by the Assyrians themselves. The populace suffers greatly, but they are not massacred. Instead, the fragmented and weakened Elamites rule an increasingly shrinking domain which eventually passes into the hands of the Parsua. They gain Anshan (Anzan) even while the last seventh century Elamite kings are still claiming it within their title, possibly as a result of the Assyrian attack on the Elamites in this year as it ties in with Achaemenes of the Parsua being acclaimed as the king of Anshan. With the accession of Achaemenes as leader of the Parsua, seemingly without a link to the previous ruling dynasty, the Kayanians, the accession becomes somewhat confused. Achaemenes is thought to complete the Parsua migration into Persis, so perhaps the Kayanians have been left behind in the east, looking after their gains in Turan. The main line of descent from this point, via Teispes, Cambyses I, Cyrus II, and Cambyses II, is laid down by Babylonian scribes on the Cyrus cylinder of 539/538 BC. Darius I, from 521 BC, complicates matters with his Behistun inscription. He claims a line of descent from Teispes via Ariaramnes, Arsames (both shown below), and Hystaspes (a satrap of Parthawa). Ariaramnes and Arsames have been assumed to be a junior (cadet) line of the royal house, although their spans would seem to be rather long for the age in which they live. Darius claims that both Hystaspes and Arsames are alive when he becomes king. Whilst this is possible for Hystaspes, could he be speaking figuratively in terms of Arsames? If he is indeed alive, he would be very old indeed, possibly approaching a hundred.