Gobryas of Babylon

• Preferred Name: Gobryas of Babylon^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Occupation: Governor of Babylon540 BC
  
• One+of+the+7+conspirators+who+killed+the+Magian+usurper+Gaumâta+: 29 SEP 522 BC with note: Description: and helped Darius become king of Persia
  
• FSID: LVSJ-K76
  
• Birth: 610 BC in Bab-Ilu or Babylon, Mesopotamia, Iraq at LATI: N3 LONG: E4 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• Death: 539 BC in Bab-Ilu or Babylon, Mesopotamia, Iraq at LATI: N3 LONG: E4 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• MilitaryService: He was sent to Elam to defeat the rebel king Atamaita.521 BC
  
• Tribe Name: with note: Description: Elamite
  
• MilitaryService: Lance-Bearer of Darius the Great (r 522-486) with note: Wikiwand: Gobryas
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Satrap of Elamin or after 521 BC with note: Wikiwand: Gobryas
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  From Wikiwand
  This Gobryas was one of the six helpers of Darius in killing Gaumāta in September 522 BC mentioned by Herodotus. He was appointed as Darius' lance carrier (arštibara). He is represented on the Behistun inscription and on Darius' tomb in Naqsh-e Rustam, as:
  
  Gaubaruva \ Pâtišuvariš \ Dâra
  yavahauš \ xšâyathiyahyâ \ arštbara
  Gobryas from Pâtišuvariš,
  the lance carrier of king Darius.
  
  Pâtišuvariš may be the mountainous region north of Alborz in northern Iran, probably Mazandaran. In 521, he was sent to Elam to defeat the rebel king Atamaita; after this, he served as satrap of Elam.
  
  Gobryas' family was closely entwined with the family of Darius the Great. Gobryas married the sister of Darius, known variously as Artazostre or Radušdukda. Their son Mardonius, was the Commander-in-Chief of the armies of Xerxes I in the Second Persian invasion of Greece, married Darius' daughter Artazostre. A daughter of Gobryas, from an earlier marriage, was married to Darius.
  
  === Gouverneur en 540 ===
  Gouverneur en 540

• m. ABT 550 BC

• m. ABT 580 BC

1. Rhodah bat-Gobryas, Princess of Persia, b. ABT 575 BC in Persia    

1. Title: History Record, Death Included 539 BC
   Publication: Name: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gobryas-;
   Note: Before the fall of Babylon, He took babylon without battle and soon became the ruler over it and a few months later died. (First imformation on the website)
   Page: Gives more detail about Gobryas
   
2. Title: Iranicaonline.org
   Author: Rüdiger Schmitt, ed., The Bisitun Inscription of Darius the Great: Old Persian Text, Corpus Inscr. Iran., London, 1991. Walter Schwenzner, “Gobryas,” Klio 18, 1923, pp. 41-58, 226-52. William H. Shea, “Darius the Mede: An Update,” Andrews University Seminary Studies 20, 1982, pp. 229-47. Matthew W. Stolper, “Bēlšunu the Satrap,” in Language, Literature, and History: Philological and Historical Studies Presented to Erica Reiner, New Haven, Conn., 1987, pp. 389-402. [H.] Swoboda, “Gobryas,” in Pauly-Wissowa, VII/2, cols. 1548-51. Elizabeth von Voightlander, ed., The Bisitun Inscription of Darius the Great: Babylonian Version, Corpus Inscr. Iran. II/1, London, 1978. (Rüdiger Schmitt) Originally Published: December 15, 2001 Last Updated: February 9, 2012 This article is available in print. Vol. XI, Fasc. 1, pp. 28-29
   Publication: Name: https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gobryas-;
   Note: 1. Ug-ba-ru, governor (paḫātu) of the land of Gutium (i.e., some part of western Media and northeastern Assyria in the Zagros mountains) and a senior officer of Cyrus II the Great. As the leader of the Medo-Persian army of Cyrus, Gobryas took Babylon without battle on 12 October 539 B.C.E. (16th day of month Tašrītu), according to the Nabonidus Chronicle 3.15 (cf. Grayson, pp. 109-10). After his triumphant entrance in the city on October 29 (3rd day of month Araḫsamnu) Cyrus appointed Gobryas governor of Babylon, who himself installed the district officials in Babylon (ibid., III 20, where one reads the spelling variant Gu-ba-ru); thus this man seems to have been the first Persian ruler over Babylon. He, however, died soon afterwards on the 11th day of month Araḫsamnu (ibid., 3.22) either in the same year (i.e., 6 November 539 B.C.E.) or, according to Shea (pp. 240-43), in the following year (i.e., 27 October 538 B.C.E.). It seems quite probable that there is some connection between this person and the “Assyrian” (i.e., Babylonian) Gobryas described in great detail and in novella form (although including some more or less reliable information) by Xenophon (Cyropaedia 4.6.1-11 and passim), who calls him an old man (4.6.1) already for the time before the fall of Babylon, as well as to the so-called “Darius the Mede,” king of Babylon in the Book of Daniel 5:31, 6:1-2 etc. (cf. especially Shea).
   
3. Title: Wikiwand: Mardonius (general)
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Mardonius_(general);
   
4. Title: Wikiwand: Darius the Great
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Darius_the_Great;
   Note: Darius I (Old Persian: "Dārayava(h)uš," New Persian: "داریوش‎ Dāryuš"; Hebrew: "דָּרְיָוֶשׁ," Modern: "Darəyaveš,} Tiberian: "Dāryāwéš"; c. 550–486 BCE), commonly known as Darius the Great, was the fourth Persian King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire. He ruled the empire at its peak, when it included much of West Asia, the Caucasus, parts of the Balkans (Thrace-Macedonia, and Paeonia), most of the Black Sea coastal regions, parts of the North Caucasus, Central Asia, as far as the Indus Valley in the far east and portions of north and northeast Africa including Egypt (Mudrâya), eastern Libya, and coastal Sudan. Darius ascended the throne by overthrowing Gaumata, a claimed usurper. The new king met with rebellions throughout his kingdom and quelled them each time. A major event in Darius's life was his expedition to punish Athens and Eretria for their aid in the Ionian Revolt and subjugate Greece. Although ultimately ending in failure at the Battle of Marathon, Darius succeeded in the re-subjugation of Thrace, expansion of the empire through the conquest of Macedon, the Cyclades and the island of Naxos and the sacking of the city of Eretria. Darius organized the empire by dividing it into provinces and placing satraps to govern it. He organized Achaemenid coinage as a new uniform monetary system, along with making Aramaic the official language of the empire. He also put the empire in better standing by building roads and introducing standard weights and measures. Through these changes, the empire was centralized and unified. Darius also worked on construction projects throughout the empire, focusing on Susa, Pasargadae, Persepolis, Babylon, and Egypt. He had the cliff-face Behistun Inscription carved to record his conquests, an important testimony of the Old Persian language. Darius is mentioned in the biblical books of Haggai, Zechariah, and Ezra–Nehemiah. Etymology Main article: Darius (given name) Dārīus and Dārēus are the Latin forms of the Greek "Dareîos" ("Δαρεῖος"), itself from Old Persian "Dārayauš" ("𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎢𐏁"; "d-a-r-y-uš"), which is a shortened form of "Dārayavaʰuš" ("𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁," "d-a-r-y-v-u-š"). The longer form is also seen to have been reflected in the Elamite "Da-ri-(y)a-ma-u-iš," Babylonian "Da-(a-)ri-ia-(a-)muš," Aramaic "drywhwš "("𐡃𐡓𐡉𐡅𐡄𐡅𐡔"), and possibly the longer Greek form "Dareiaîos" ("Δαρειαῖος"). The name is a nominative form meaning "he who holds firm the good(ness)," which can be seen by the first part "dāraya," meaning "holder," and the adverb "vau," meaning "goodness." Primary sources See also: Behistun Inscription, DNa inscription, and Herodotus At some time between his coronation and his death, Darius left a trilingual monumental relief on Mount Behistun, which was written in Elamite, Old Persian and Babylonian. The inscription begins with a brief autobiography including his ancestry and lineage. To aid the presentation of his ancestry, Darius wrote down the sequence of events that occurred after the death of Cyrus the Great. Darius mentions several times that he is the rightful king by the grace of the supreme deity Ahura Mazda. In addition, further texts and monuments from Persepolis have been found, as well as a clay tablet containing an Old Persian cuneiform of Darius from Gherla, Romania (Harmatta) and a letter from Darius to Gadates, preserved in a Greek text of the Roman period. In the foundation tablets of Apadana Palace, Darius described in Old Persian cuneiform the extent of his Empire in broad geographical terms: "Darius the great king, king of kings, king of countries, son of Hystaspes, an Achaemenid. King Darius says: This is the kingdom which I hold, from the Sacae who are beyond Sogdia to Kush, and from Sind (Old Persian: 𐏃𐎡𐎭𐎢𐎺, 'Hidauv,' locative of 'Hiduš.' i.e., 'Indus valley') to Lydia (Old Persian: 'Spardâ') - [this is] what Ahuramazda, the greatest of gods, bestowed upon me. May Ahuramazda protect me and my royal house!" — "DPh inscription of Darius I in the foundations of the Apadana Palace" Herodotus, a Greek historian and author of "The Histories," provided an account of many Persian kings and the Greco-Persian Wars. He wrote extensively on Darius, spanning half of Book 3 along with Books 4, 5 and 6. It begins with the removal of the alleged usurper Gaumata and continues to the end of Darius's reign. Early life Darius was the eldest of five sons to Hystaspes and Rhodogune in 550 BCE. Hystaspes was a leading figure of authority in Persia, which was the homeland of the Persians. The Behistun Inscription of Darius states that his father was satrap of Bactria in 522 BCE. According to Herodotus, Hystaspes was the satrap of Persis, although the French Iranologist Pierre Briant state that this is an error. Also according to Herodotus (III.139), Darius, prior to seizing power and "of no consequence at the time," had served as a spearman ("doryphoros") in the Egyptian campaign (528–525 BCE) of Cambyses II, then the Persian Great King; this is often interpreted to mean he was the king's personal spear-carrier, an important role. Hystaspes was an officer in Cyrus' army and a noble of his court. Before Cyrus and his army crossed the Aras River to battle with the Armenians, he installed his son Cambyses II as king in case he should not return from battle. However, once Cyrus had crossed the Aras River, he had a vision in which Darius had wings atop his shoulders and stood upon the confines of Europe and Asia (the known world). When Cyrus awoke from the dream, he inferred it as a great danger to the future security of the empire, as it meant that Darius would one day rule the whole world. However, his son Cambyses was the heir to the throne, not Darius, causing Cyrus to wonder if Darius was forming treasonable and ambitious designs. This led Cyrus to order Hystaspes to go back to Persis and watch over his son strictly, until Cyrus himself returned. Darius did not seem to have any treasonous thoughts as Cambyses II ascended the throne peacefully; and, through promotion, Darius was eventually elevated to be Cambyses' personal lancer. Accession There are different accounts of the rise of Darius to the throne from both Darius himself and Greek historians. The oldest records report a convoluted sequence of events in which Cambyses II lost his mind, murdered his brother Bardiya, and was killed by an infected leg wound. After this, Darius and a group of six nobles traveled to Sikayauvati to kill an usurper, Gaumata, who had taken the throne by pretending to be Bardiya during the true king's absence. Many modern historians believe that Gaumata was in fact the true heir Bardiya, with the historical account being altered by Darius to make the coup d'état appear more legitimate. Darius's account, written at the Behistun Inscription, states that Cambyses II killed his own brother Bardiya, but that this murder was not known among the Iranian people. A would-be usurper named Gaumata came and lied to the people, stating he was Bardiya. The Iranians had grown rebellious against Cambyses's rule and on 11 March 522 BCE a revolt against Cambyses broke out in his absence. On 1 July, the Iranian people chose to be under the leadership of Gaumata, as "Bardiya." No member of the Achaemenid family would rise against Gaumata for the safety of their own life. Darius, who had served Cambyses as his lance-bearer until the deposed ruler's death, prayed for aid and in September 522 BCE, along with Otanes, Intaphrenes, Gobryas, Hydarnes, Megabyzus and Aspathines, killed Gaumata in the fortress of Sikayauvati. Herodotus provides a dubious account of Darius's ascension: Several days after Gaumata had been assassinated, Darius and the other six nobles discussed the fate of the empire. At first, the seven discussed the form of government; a democratic republic ("Isonomia") was strongly pushed by Otanes, an oligarchy was pushed by Megabyzus, while Darius pushed for a monarchy. After stating that a republic would lead to corruption and internal fighting, while a monarchy would be led with a single-mindedness not possible in other governments, Darius was able to convince the other nobles. To decide who would become the monarch, six of them decided on a test, with Otanes abstaining, as he had no interest in being king. They were to gather outside the palace, mounted on their horses at sunrise, and the man whose horse neighed first in recognition of the rising sun would become king. According to Herodotus, Darius had a slave, Oebares, who rubbed his hand over the genitals of a mare that Darius's horse favored. When the six gathered, Oebares placed his hands beside the nostrils of Darius' horse, who became excited at the scent and neighed. This was followed by lightning and thunder, leading the others to dismount and kneel before Darius in recognition of his apparent divine providence. In this account, Darius himself claimed that he achieved the throne not through fraud, but cunning, even erecting a statue of himself mounted on his neighing horse with the inscription: "Darius, son of Hystaspes, obtained the sovereignty of Persia by the sagacity of his horse and the ingenious contrivance of Oebares, his groom." According to the accounts of Greek historians, Cambyses II had left Patizeithes in charge of the kingdom when he headed for Egypt. He later sent Prexaspes to murder Bardiya. After the killing, Patizeithes put his brother Gaumata, a Magian who resembled Bardiya, on the throne and declared him the Great King. Otanes discovered that Gaumata was an impostor, and along with six other Iranian nobles including Darius, created a plan to oust the pseudo-Bardiya. After killing the impostor along with his brother Patizeithes and other Magians, Darius was crowned king the following morning. Early reign Early revolts Following his coronation at Pasargadae, Darius moved to Ecbatana. He soon learned that support for Bardiya was strong, and revolts in Elam and Babylonia had broken..
   
5. Title: Livius: Gobryas
   Author: This page was last modified on 11 January 2017.
   Publication: Name: https://www.livius.org/pictures/iran/naqs-e-rustam/naqs-e-rustam-tomb-iii/gobryas/;
   Note: Description: Gobryas, as shown on the tomb of Darius the Great Date: ca. 486 BCE Linked: DNc, Darius I the Great, Gobryas (conspirator), Naqš-e Rustam, Achaemenid tomb III
   
6. Title: Livius: Naqš-e Rustam, Achaemenid tomb III
   Author: Naqš-e Rustam: archaeological site in Fars (Iran), best known for its Achaemenid tombs and rock reliefs made in the Sasanian age. Literature Louis Vanden Berghe, Reliefs rupestres de l' Iran ancien (1983 Brussels), #25. This page was created in 2004; last modified on 23 November 2018.
   Publication: Name: https://www.livius.org/articles/place/naqs-e-rustam/naqs-e-rustam-photos/naqs-e-rustam-achaemenid-tomb-iii/;
   Note: Tomb of Darius the Great Naqš-e Rustam was already a place of some importance when king Darius I the Great (r.522-486) ordered his monumental tomb - also known as Achaemenid Tomb III - to be carved into the cliff. It is easy to think of a reason why: there is a beautiful echo, which may have inspired people to convert this place into a cult site. The design of Darius' tomb became something of an Achaemenid classic, repeated by his successors (e.g., Tomb I, Tomb II, Tomb IV, and two tombs at Persepolis). The new standard tomb had the shape of a cross with, in its center, the access to a small chamber, where the king was buried, together with several other people. In the upper register, we can see the king sacrificing; in the central register, we can see his palace; the lower register remained undecorated. According to the Greek historian Ctesias of Cnidus, Darius' father Hystaspes died during the construction works of his son's tomb (quote). In fact, the very existence Darius' tomb is a bit problematic, because many ancient Iranians were Zoroastrians, who exposed their dead to the dogs and vultures. This practice is indeed known from the Achaemenid age, but may perhaps not have been widespread. Alternatively, the Achaemenid kings may not have been Zoroastrians at all. In the upper arm of the cross is a relief, which shows Darius in front of an altar, praying to the supreme god Ahuramazda (who is shown seated on a winged disk) and the moon, and venerating the holy fire. Twenty-eight people, representing the subject nations, are carrying the platform on which Darius is standing. To the left and right, important courtiers have been depicted, like Gobryas and Aspathines. An inscription in the top-left corner, known as DNa, names the subject peoples and introduces Darius as a pious and strong ruler. The central part of the cross has the same dimensions as the southern entrance of the palace of Darius in Persepolis. It has been assumed that the four-columned façade of the tomb is a copy of the entrance of the palace. Here was an inscription too (DNb), which has been compared to a will: it is, essentially, a description of what a good king is supposed to be. This text also became a classic and was copied by Darius' son and successor Xerxes (XPl).
   
7. Title: Wikiwand: Gobryas
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Gobryas;
   Note: Gobryas (Ancient Greek: "Γοβρύας"; Old Persian: "𐎥𐎢𐎲𐎽𐎢𐎺 g-u-b-ru-u-v," reads as "Gaub(a)ruva?"; Elamite: "Kambarma") was a common name of several Persian noblemen. Gobryas (Cyrus the Great's general) This Gobryas is mentioned in the "Cyropedia of Xenophon" as a general who helped in the conquering of Babylon. The A.K. Grayson translation of the Nabonidus Chronicle based on that of T.G. Pinches, considers both the names Ugbaru and Gubaru found in the latter to be references to this Gobryas. However the names are distinct in the text and refer to two different individuals, the one called Gubaru being the ruler placed over Babylon thus corresponding to Cyaxares of the Cyropedia (and the Darius the Mede of the Bible) not Gobryas. Ugbaru remains a candidate for Gobryas being described as the ruler of the region of Gutium dying soon after the conquest of Babylon similarly to Xenophon's portrayal of Gobryas as an elderly "Assyrian" ruler. According to William H. Shea Ugbaru and Gubaru is the same person, being the ruler placed over Babylon, dying soon after the conquest of Babylon. Gobryas (the lance-bearer of Darius the Great) This Gobryas was one of the six helpers of Darius in killing Gaumāta in September 522 mentioned by Herodotus. He was appointed as Darius' lance carrier (arštibara). He is represented on the Behistun inscription and on Darius' tomb in Naqsh-e Rustam, as: Gaubaruva \ Pâtišuvariš \ Dâra yavahauš \ xšâyathiyahyâ \ arštbara Gobryas from Pâtišuvariš, the lance carrier of king Darius. Pâtišuvariš may be the mountainous region north of Alborz in northern Iran, probably Mazandaran. In 521, he was sent to Elam to defeat the rebel king Atamaita; after this, he served as satrap of Elam. Gobryas' family was closely entwined with the family of Darius the Great. Gobryas married the sister of Darius, known variously as Artazostre or Radušdukda[citation needed]. Their son Mardonius, was the Commander-in-Chief of the armies of Xerxes I in the Second Persian invasion of Greece, married Darius' daughter Artazostre. A daughter of Gobryas, from an earlier marriage, was married to Darius.