Cyrus son of Teispes, 2nd Persian King of Anshan I

• Preferred Name: Cyrus son of Teispes, 2nd Persian King of Anshan I^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Religion: Zoroastrianism
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: King of Anshan in Elamfrom about 600 BC to 580 BC or, according to others, from about 652 BC to 600 BC with note: Wikiwand: Cyrus I
  
• Death: 580 BC in Anshan, Elamite Kingdom at LATI: N1 LONG: E0 with note: Wikiwand: Cyrus I
  
• FSID: 9H1Y-451
  
• Birth: BET 670 BC AND 660 BC in Anshan, Elamite Kingdom at LATI: N1 LONG: E0 with note: Iranica online cites 0660 BC (in sources) Wikiwand: Cyrus I cites "unknown"
  
• Burial: 580 BC in Gur-e-Dokhtar, Bushehr, Iran at LATI: N9 LONG: E1.4 with note: Wikiwand: Cyrus I
  
• Clan Name: with note: Description: Dynasty: Achaemenid
  
• Religion: Zoroastrianism or Mazdayasna with note: Wikiwand: Cyrus I
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: 2nd Persian King of Anshan - Achaemenid dynastyBET 610 BC AND 585 BC
  
• Notes:

  === The founder of the Persian Empire,Cyrus ===
  The founder of the Persian Empire,Cyrus took over the decayedBabylonian Empire with the help of a revolt in southern Babylonia in 538B.C. Realizing how difficult it was to keep restless uprootedpopulations subjugated, Cyrus sent home the peoples who had been deportedfrom their homelands and sent to Babylonia by the Assyrians andBabylonians. Thus to the Jews, who had been in exile in Babylon for overhalf a century, Cyrus was a great deliverer. His empire stretched fromthe passes of what is now Afghanistan to the shores of the Mediterranean.(Everyone in the Bible, by William P. Barker, 1966) By 550 B.C., King Cyrus the Great of Persia had hacked a humongousempire from the Mediterranean Sea to India, and his winning streak gothim to believing his own PR. After whipping the Assyrians, he lookedaround for an even badder opponent. Everyone agreed: That would be theMassagetae, nomads of Scythian stock who lived between the Araxes Riverand the Caspian Sea. Their leader, Tomyris, ruled as queen andcommander-in-chief of the fearsom Massagetan army with her grown son,Spargapises, as second in command. At first, Cyrus figured the widowed Tomyris for a sap. He camped hisarmy at the river and sent her a marriage proposal. All the while, histroops were busy building bridges across the water. Knowing the Persianking was hot to possess her lands and not herbody, Tomyris responded withacid politeness: "Cyrus, my advice is to forget about the Massagetae -just rule your own people and try to handle the sight of me ruling mine."She countered by suggesting that both armies retreat from the riverwhile the leaders met to negotiate. Cyrus and his officers leaned toward the idea, but not so old buddyand vassal Croesus, a filthy rich king of Asia Minor who had alreadygotten thumped by the Persians. He played the deadly "male wimp" card:"You're talking disgrace here, Cyrus, to give ground to a woman."Croesus proposed a trap: Set up camp on enemy territory and bait it witha few feebl e troops and a banquet of food and potent Persian wine for theMassagetan boys, who were known to eat anything and were unused toalcohol. (At nomad parties, they threw a type of fruit into the firewhose smoke supposedly gave them a contact high.) Tomyris assigned a third of her troops to her son, who fell on thecamp, slaughtered the Persians, and attacked the bait, soon becomingsated and drunk. It was then a piece of cake for Cyrus' troops to killthem and take the son prisoner. When word reached Tomyris, she fired offanother note: "Cheap shot, Cyrus. Return my son and get out of my country- or I swear I'll give you more blood than even you can drink." Back inthe Persian camp, Tomyris' son asked to have his bonds taken off. Beforethey knew it, the kid had committed suicide. Now his mom had even morereason to be steamed. With Tomyris at its head, the Massagetae took on Cyrus' larger army,first with bows and arrows, then fighting hand-to-hand with bronze spearsand daggers. By the end of one of the most violent battles the world hadyet seen, more than 200,000 Persians, including Cyrus, lay dead. At theconclusion of that long and bloody day, Tomyris' troops looked for theking's body. When they came up to her with the corpse, Tomyris filled agoatskin with human blood. Pushing his head contemptuously into it, shesaid, "Still thirsty for Scythian blood, Cyrus? Go on - drink yourfill!" (Uppity Women of Ancient Times, by Vicki Leon, 1995)
  
  === The tomb of Cyrus I, Cyrus the Great, or Cyrus, the younger? ===
  It has been suggested by Louis Vandenberg that the Gur-e-Dokhtar is the tomb of Cyrus I.[citation needed] This is because all Achaemenid kings after Darius the Great were buried in rock-cut tombs, and because a similar building has been attributed to Cyrus the Great, it seemed logical to assume that a tomb like this must have been erected prior to the reign of Cyrus. However, other experts have claimed that it is the burial place of Mandane, mother of Cyrus the Great, while other scholars claim that the Gur-e-Dokhtar was the mausoleum of Atossa, the daughter of Cyrus the Great and the wife and queen of Darius the Great. Later, when the iron clamps were studied, it became clear that this building was erected in the 5th century BC, so it may have been for prince Cyrus the Younger.

1. Cambyses ben Cyrus, 3rd King of Anshan I, b. BEF 202 in Iran     d. BEF 251 in Pāsārgād, Fars, Iran

1. Title: Wikiwand: Cyrus I
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Cyrus_I;
   Note: Cyrus I (Old Persian: "Kuruš") or Cyrus I of Anshan or Cyrus I of Persia, was King of Anshan in Persia from c. 600 to 580 BC or, according to others, from c. 652 to 600 BC. Cyrus I of Anshan is the grandfather of Cyrus the Great, also known as Cyrus II. His name in Modern Persian is "کوروش," "Kurosh," while in Greek he was called "Κῦρος," "Kȳros." Background Cyrus was an early member of the Achaemenid dynasty. He apparently was a grandson of its founder Achaemenes and son of Teispes, king of Anshan. Teispes' sons reportedly divided the kingdom between them after his death. Cyrus reigned as king of Anshan while his brother Ariaramnes was king of Parsa. The chronological placement of this event is uncertain. This is due to his suggested, but still debated identification, with the monarch known as "Kuras of Parsumas." Kuras is first mentioned c. 652 BC. In that year Shamash-shum-ukin, king of Babylon (668–648 BC), revolted against his older brother and overlord Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria (668–627 BC). Cyrus is mentioned being in a military alliance with the former. The war between the two brothers ended in 648 BC with the defeat and reported suicide of Shamash-shum-ukin. Cyrus is mentioned again in 639 BC. At that year Ashurbanipal managed to defeat Elam and became overlord to several of its former allies. Kuras was apparently among them. His elder son "Arukku" was reportedly sent to Assyria to pay tribute to its King. Kuras then seems to vanish from the historical record. His suggested identification with Cyrus would help connect the Achaemenid dynasty to the major events of the 7th century BC. Ashurbanipal died in 627 BC. Cyrus presumably continued paying tribute to his sons and successors Ashur-etil-ilani (627–623 BC) and Sin-shar-ishkun (623–612 BC). They were both opposed by an alliance led by Cyaxares of Media (633–584 BC) and Nabopolassar of Babylon (626–605 BC). In 612 BC the two managed to capture the Assyrian capital Nineveh. This was effectively the end of the Neo-Assyrian Empire though remnants of the Assyrian Army under Ashur-uballit II (612–609 BC) continued to resist from Harran. Media and Babylon soon shared the lands previously controlled by the Assyrians. Anshan apparently fell under the control of the former. Cyrus is considered to have ended his days under the overlordship of either Cyaxares or his son Astyages (584–550 BC). Cyrus was succeeded by his son Cambyses I. His grandson would come to be known as Cyrus the Great, founder of the Persian Empire. It has been noted that this account of his life and reign would place his early activities more than a century before those of his grandson. This would place his fathering of Cambyses very late in life and his death at an advanced age. It has been argued that Kuras and Cyrus were separate figures of uncertain relation to each other. The latter would have then reigned in the early 6th century BC and his reign would seem rather uneventful. Due to the current lack of sufficient records for this historical period it remains uncertain which theory is closer to the facts. Tomb It has been suggested by Louis Vandenberg that the Gur-e-Dokhtar is the tomb of Cyrus I. This is because all Achaemenid kings after Darius the Great were buried in rock-cut tombs, and because a similar building has been attributed to Cyrus the Great, it seemed logical to assume that a tomb like this must have been erected prior to the reign of Cyrus. However, other experts have claimed that it is the burial place of Mandane, mother of Cyrus the Great, while other scholars claim that the Gur-e-Dokhtar was the mausoleum of Atossa, the daughter of Cyrus the Great and the wife and queen of Darius the Great. Later, when the iron clamps were studied, it became clear that this building was erected in the 5th century BC, so it may have been for prince Cyrus the Younger.
   
2. Title: Iranica on line
   Author: P.-R. Berger, “Der Kyros-Zylinder mit dem Zusatzfragment BIN II Nr. 32 und die akkadischen Personennamen im Danielbuch,” ZA 64, 1975, pp. 193-234. I. M. D’yakonov, Istoriya Midii (History of the Medes), Moscow and Leningrad, 1952. R. T. Hallock, “The Use of Seals on the Persepolis Fortification Texts,” in M. Gibson and R. D. Biggs, eds., Seals and Sealing in the Ancient Near East, Bibliotheca Mesopotamica 6, pp. 127-33. W. Hinz, Darius und die Perser I, Baden-Baden, 1976. P. de Miroschedji, “La fin du royaume d’Anšan et de Suse et la naissance de l’empire perse,” ZA 75, 1985, pp. 265-306. R. C. Thompson and M. E. L. Mallowan, “The British Museum Excavation at Nineveh 1931-32,” Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology (Liverpool) 20, 1933, pp. 86, 98. E. F. Weidner, “Die älteste Nachricht über das persische Königshaus. Kyros I. ein Zeitgenosse Aššurbānipal,” Archiv für Orientforschung 7, 1931-32, pp. 1-7. (A. Shapur Shahbazi)
   Publication: Name: https://iranicaonline.org/articles/cyrus-ii;
   Note: CYRUS i. Cyrus I The evidence on the early Achaemenid king Cyrus I is as follows. Herodotus (1.111) attested that Cyrus the Great (see iii, below) was the son of Cambyses and grandson of Cyrus. Cyrus the Great himself claimed that he was “the son of Cambyses, the great king, king of Anshan, grandson of Cyrus, the great king, king of Anshan, great-grandson of Teispes, the great king, king of Anshan” (see iv, below; l 20; Berger, p. 197). From Darius (DB I 3-6; Kent, Old Persian, pp. 116-17, rectifying Herodotus, 7.11) it is known that this Teispes was an Achaemenid king, son of Achaemenes and the father of two later kings: Cyrus I and Ariaramnes , great-grandfather of Darius I. A recent demonstration from the cuneiform texts that Anshan is to be identified with at least a part of Persis has led some scholars to reject the traditional view of the ancestry of Darius I as given here and to assert that Cyrus I could not have been the grandfather of Cyrus the Great or a brother of Ariaramnes and that the latter could not have been a king in Persis (de Miroschedji, pp. 265-304, with references; see ariyāramna), but none of these claims accords with the sources and what is known of the longevity of the Achaemenids. As Cyrus the Great was born in 600 b.c.e., lived seventy years (Dinon, Jacoby, Fragmente II p. 90 fr. 8), and died in 530 b.c.e., the dates of his forebears may be tentatively fixed (assuming thirty years to a genera­tion) as follows: Cambyses I, born ca. 630 b.c.e.; Cyrus I, born ca. 660 b.c.e.; Teispes, born ca. 690 b.c.e.; Achaemenes, born ca. 720 b.c.e. There is no need to assume that Ariaramnes was a contemporary of Cyrus I; Teispes could have begotten him at age fifty years (in 640 b.c.e.), which would place the births of Arsames in 610 b.c.e., of Hystaspes in 580 b.c.e., and of Darius in 550 b.c.e. This last date is indeed confirmed by the report that when Cyrus the Great marched against the Massagetae in 530 b.c.e. Darius was “nearly twenty” (Herodotus 1.209). Further support for this conclusion can be found in a cuneiform text, the prism of Assurbanipal, on which two versions of his invasion and conquest of Elam in 639 b.c.e. are recorded. The Assyrian king claimed that many princes “of distant lands” had heard of his victories and had decided to acknowledge his overlordship; one of them was “Cyrus, King of (the land) of Parsumash,” who had sent his son Arukku to Nineveh with tribute (Weidner, p. 4; Thomp­son, pp. 86, 95). As Anshan was the Elamite province located in the plain of Bayżā in Fārs, it appears that Cyrus I was a Persian prince ruling over some locali­ties that included Anshan (D’yakonov, p. 349). His dates may thus be fixed between 650 and 610 b.c.e. Finally, a few seal impressions from the Persepolis Fortification tablets include representations of a hunt­ing scene and a combat scene accompanied by an Elamite inscription: “Cyrus the Anshanite, son of Teispes” (Hallock, 1977, p. 127; Hinz, pp. 53-54; de Miroschedji, pp. 285-87). There seems no reason to doubt that they are relics of Cyrus I, king of Anshan (the omission of the royal title has parallels in Achaemenid royal inscriptions; e.g., Kent, Old Per­sian, p. 154: “Says Darius [II] the King: This palace Artaxerxes, who was my father, previously built”; p. 157: “I am Darius” on a seal from Susa; cf. the mention of Cyrus the Great and his son in DB I 28).
   
3. Title: The History files
   Publication: Name: https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsMiddEast/EasternPersia.htm#Achaemenids;
   Note: reigned c.640 - 600 BC Cyrus I (Kurush of Parsua) Son. King of Parsua (Anshan). Vassal of the Medes. fl c.620s BC Ariaramnes (Ariyaramna) Brother. Also king, perhaps a sub-king? Ariaramnes is generally assumed to be the brother of Cyrus I. He becomes the father of Arsames, who becomes the father of Pharnaces, whose son Artabazus becomes the first satrap of Phrygia. The other son of Arsames is Hystaspes, satrap of Parthawa, who is the father of Darius the Great according to Darius' own Behistun inscription. c.620 BC The Medes (possibly) take control of Parsua (Persis) from the weakening Assyrians who themselves had only recently taken control of the region from Elam. According to Herodotus, Media governs all of the tribes of the Iranian steppe. This sudden empire may well include territory to the east which covers Hyrcania, Parthia, Drangiana, and Carmania. reigned c.600 - 559 BC Cambyses (Kambuzya of Anshan) I Son of Cyrus. King of Parsua (Anshan). Last Median vassal.
   
4. Title: Wikipedia - History of Elam
   Author: Quintana Cifuentes, E., "Historia de Elam el vecino mesopotámico", Murcia, 1997. Estudios Orientales. IPOA-Murcia. Quintana Cifuentes, E., "Textos y Fuentes para el estudio del Elam", Murcia, 2000. Estudios Orientales. IPOA-Murcia. Quintana Cifuentes, E., La Lengua Elamita (Irán pre-persa), Madrid, 2010. Gram Ediciones. ISBN 978-84-88519-17-7 Khačikjan, Margaret: The Elamite Language, Documenta Asiana IV, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto per gli Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici, 1998 ISBN 88-87345-01-5 Desset, François (2020a). "Breaking the Code: The Decipherment of Linear Elamite, a Forgotten Writing System of Ancient Iran (3rd Millenium BC)". Canal-U. Desset, François (2020b). A New History of Writing on The Iranian Plateau – via YouTube. Persians: Masters of Empire, Time-Life Books, Alexandria, Virginia (1995) ISBN 0-8094-9104-4 Pittman, Holly (1984). Art of the Bronze Age: southeastern Iran, western Central Asia, and the Indus Valley. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elam;
   Note: Legacy-(excerpt from expansive article) The Assyrians had utterly destroyed the Elamite nation, but new polities emerged in the area after Assyrian power faded. Among the nations that benefited from the decline of the Assyrians were the Iranian tribes, whose presence around Lake Urmia to the north of Elam is attested from the 9th century BC in Assyrian texts. Some time after that region fell to Madius the Scythian (653 BC), Teispes, son of Achaemenes, conquered Elamite Anshan in the mid 7th century BC, forming a nucleus that would expand into the Persian Empire. They were largely regarded as vassals of the Assyrians, and the Medes, Mannaeans, and Persians paid tribute to Assyria from the 10th century BC until the death of Ashurbanipal in 627 BC. After his death, the Medes played a major role in the destruction of the weakened Assyrian Empire in 612 BC. The rise of the Achaemenids in the 6th century BC brought an end to the existence of Elam as an independent political power "but not as a cultural entity" (Encyclopædia Iranica, Columbia University). Indigenous Elamite traditions, such as the use of the title "king of Anshan" by Cyrus the Great; the "Elamite robe" worn by Cambyses I of Anshan and seen on the famous winged genii at Pasargadae; some glyptic styles; the use of Elamite as the first of three official languages of the empire used in thousands of administrative texts found at Darius’ city of Persepolis; the continued worship of Elamite deities; and the persistence of Elamite religious personnel and cults supported by the crown, formed an essential part of the newly emerging Achaemenid culture in Persian Iran. The Elamites thus became the conduit by which achievements of the Mesopotamian civilizations were introduced to the tribes of the Iranian plateau. Conversely, remnants of Elamite had "absorbed Iranian influences in both structure and vocabulary" by 500 BC,[101] suggesting a form of cultural continuity or fusion connecting the Elamite and the Persian periods.[102] The name of "Elam" survived into the Hellenistic period and beyond. In its Greek form, Elymais, it emerges as designating a semi-independent state under Parthian suzerainty during the 2nd century BC to the early 3rd century AD. In Acts 2:8–9 in the New Testament, the language of the Elamitēs is one of the languages heard at the Pentecost. From 410 onwards Elam (Beth Huzaye) was the senior metropolitan province of the Church of the East, surviving into the 14th century. Indian Carmelite historian John Marshal has proposed that the root of Carmelite history in present day India could be traced to the promise of restoration of Elam (Jeremiah 49:39).[103]