Tohwait Bint Senusret

• Preferred Name: Tohwait Bint Senusret^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]}
  
• Alternate Name: Nefertatenen
  
• Gender: F
  
• FSID: L781-4T4
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: King’s Mother (mwt-niswt) with note: -- Wikiwand: Neferitatjenen -- Ancient Egypt: A list of Queens of Ancient Egypt
  
• Birth: ABT 2120 BC in Agade,Ur,Chaldea Mesopotamia at LATI: N0.9561 LONG: E6.1278 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• Death: aproximadamente 1964 AC in Egipto at LATI: N7 LONG: E0
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Neferitatjanen was the principal wife of the 12th Dynasty Egyptian King Amenemhat I and mother of Senwosret I. Her relationships were recorded on a statuette of her son. She held the title "King's Mother" (mwt-niswt). Specific dates of birth, marriage and death are not available, but she lived in the 20th century BCE.
  
  -- Wikiwand: Neferitatjenen
  -- Wikiwand: Women in ancient Egypt

1. Sarai bat Terah, b. 1986 BC in Ūr, Dhī Qār, Iraq     d. 1859 BC in Canaan

1. Title: Wikiwand: List of ancient Egyptians
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/List_of_ancient_Egyptians;
   Note: This is a list of ancient Egyptian people who have articles on Wikipedia. The list covers key ancient Egyptian individuals from the start of the first dynasty until the end of the ancient Egyptian nation when the Ptolemaic Dynasty ended and Egypt became a province of Rome in 30 BC. Note that the dates given are approximate. The list that is presented below is based on the conventional chronology of Ancient Egypt, mostly based on the Digital Egypt for Universities database developed by the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology. A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z A Name Main Title Dynasty Date Comment Aahotepre Pharaoh 14th dynasty (fl. c. mid-17th century BC) A pharaoh of Canaanite descent from the 14th Dynasty possibly identical to 'Ammu. Aat Queen 12th dynasty (fl. c. late-19th century BC) Queen and wife of Amenemhat III. Abar Queen 25th dynasty (fl. c. mid-8th century BC) An Egyptian queen, the mother of King Taharqa and probably the wife of King Piye. Achillas Military commander Ptolemaic (fl. mid-1st century BC) Commander under the Ptolemaic Egyptian king Ptolemy XIII. Executed at the orders of Arsinoe IV of Egypt by Ganymedes. Addaya Diplomat 18th dynasty (fl. c. mid-14th century BC) Egyptian commissioner in southern Canaan mentioned in the Amarna letters. He probably served under Pharaohs Amenhotep III and/or Akhenaten. Agathoclea Mistress Ptolemaic (fl. c. late-3rd century BC) Mistress of the Ptolemaic king Ptolemy IV Philopator and sister of his chief minister, Agathocles. Together, they managed to achieve complete influence over Ptolemy IV. Agathocles Minister Ptolemaic (fl. c. late-3rd century BC) Chief minister of the Ptolemaic king Ptolemy IV Philopator and brother of the king's mistress Agathoclea. Together, they managed to achieve complete influence over Ptolemy IV. Ahaneith Queen 1st dynasty (fl. c. 30th century BC) Wife of King Djet Ahhotep I Queen 17th dynasty (fl. c. mid-16th century BC) A daughter of Queen Tetisheri and Senakhtenre Ahmose, and was probably the sister, as well as the wife, of pharaoh Seqenenre Tao. Ahhotep reigned as regent until her son, Ahmose I, was of age. Also known as Ahhotpe or Aahhotep. Ahhotep II Queen 17th dynasty (fl. c. mid-16th century BC) Probably the Great Royal Wife of pharaoh Kamose. Ahmes Scribe 17th dynasty (fl. c. mid-17th century BC) He wrote the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, a work of Ancient Egyptian mathematics. Also called Ahmose. Senakhtenre Ahmose Pharaoh 17th dynasty fl. c. mid-16th century BC Pharaoh of the late 17th dynasty, his existence and complete name were confirmed by recent archeological discoveries. Ahmose I Pharaoh 18th dynasty (reigned c. 1549 BC – c. 1524 BC) Founder of the 18th dynasty. He was a son of pharaoh Seqenenre Tao and brother of the last pharaoh of the seventeenth dynasty, Kamose. During his reign, he completed the conquest and expulsion of the Hyksos from the delta region and restored Theban rule over the whole of Egypt. Ahmose Princess 17th dynasty (fl. c. mid-16th century BC) A daughter of pharaoh Seqenenre Tao by his sister-wife Sitdjehuti. Ahmose was a half-sister of Pharaoh Ahmose I. Ahmose Queen 18th dynasty (fl. c. mid-16th century BC) Wife of 18th dynasty pharaoh, Thutmose I, and the mother of queen and later, pharaoh, Hatshepsut. Ahmose King's son High Priest of Re 18th dynasty (fl. c. late 15th century BC) Probably a son of pharaoh Amenhotep II. He was in office as High Priest of Re in Heliopolis during the reign of his brother Thutmose IV. Ahmose, son of Ebana Military Commander 17th/18th dynasty (fl. c. mid to late-16th century BC) Served in the Egyptian military under the 17th and 18th dynasty pharaohs Seqenenre Tao, Ahmose I, Amenhotep I, and Thutmose I. Ahmose-ankh Prince 18th dynasty (fl. c. mid-16th century BC) A son of Pharaoh Ahmose I and queen Ahmose Nefertari. He was the crown prince but pre-deceased his father. Ahmose-Henutemipet Princess 17th/18th dynasty (fl. c. late-16th century BC) A daughter of Pharaoh Seqenenre Tao and probably Queen Ahhotep I. She was the sister of Ahmose I. Ahmose-Henuttamehu Princess / Queen 17th/18th dynasty (fl. c. late-16th century BC) Daughter of 17th dynasty pharaoh Seqenenre Tao by his sister-wife Ahmose-Inhapi. She was probably married to her half-brother Pharaoh Ahmose I. Ahmose-Henuttamehu was a half-sister to queen Ahmose-Nefertari. Ahmose-Inhapi Princes / Queen 17th dynasty (fl. c. mid-16th century BC) A daughter of Pharaoh Senakhtenre Ahmose and was sister to Pharaoh Seqenenre Tao, and the queens Ahhotep I and Sitdjehuti. She was married to her (half-)brother Seqenenre Tao and they had a daughter, Ahmose-Henuttamehu. Ahmose-Meritamon Princess 17th dynasty (fl. c. late-16th century BC) She was probably a daughter of Seqenenre Tao. Her mummy was found in the Deir el-Bahri cache and is now in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. Ahmose-Meritamun Princess / Queen 18th dynasty (fl. c. late-16th century BC) Daughter of Ahmose I and Ahmose Nefertari, and was queen of her brother Amenhotep I. Ahmose-Nebetta Princess 17th dynasty (fl. c. mid-16th century BC) Probably the daughter of Seqenenre Tao and a sister of Ahmose I. Ahmose Nefertari Princess / Queen 17th/18th dynasty (fl. c. mid to late-16th century BC) A daughter of Seqenenre Tao and Ahhotep I, and royal sister and the wife of pharaoh Ahmose I. Following Ahmose I's death, Ahmose-Nefertari became the regent for her son Amenhotep I and ruled until he was old enough to rule on his own. Ahmose Pen-Nekhebet Military Commander 18th dynasty (fl. c. late-16th to early-15th century BC) An Egyptian official and military commander who started his career under Ahmose I and served all subsequent pharaohs until Thutmose III. Ahmose Sapair Prince 17th dynasty (fl. c. mid-16th century BC) Probably a son of Pharaoh Seqenenre Tao and a brother of Ahmose I. Ahmose-Sitamun Princess 18th dynasty (fl. c. late-16th century BC) The daughter of Pharaoh Ahmose I and sister of Amenhotep I. A colossal statue of hers stood before the eighth pylon at Karnak. Ahmose called Si-Tayit Viceroy of Kush 18th dynasty (fl. c. late-16th century BC) Viceroy of Kush during the reign of Ahmose I. Possibly the first Viceroy to serve in that capacity. Early in the reign of Amenhotep I, the position passed from Si-Tayit to his son Ahmose called Turo. Ahmose-Sitkamose Princess / Queen 17th/18th dynasty (fl. c. late-16th century BC) Probably the daughter of Pharaoh Kamose. She probably married Ahmose I. Also called Sitkamose. Ahmose-Tumerisy Princess 17th dynasty (fl. c. mid-16th century BC) Probably a daughter of pharaoh Seqenenre Tao and a sister of Ahmose I. Ahmose called Turo Viceroy of Kush 18th dynasty (fl. c. late-16th century BC) Viceroy of Kush under Amenhotep I and Tuthmosis I. Son of Ahmose called Si-Tayit. Akhenaten Pharaoh 18th dynasty (reigned c. 1353 BC – c. 1336 BC) Was known before the 5th year of his reign as Amenhotep IV (or Amenophis IV). He abandoned traditional Egyptian polytheism and introducing worship centered on Aten. Also called Echnaton or Akhenaton. Akhraten King of Kush (reigned c. 350 BC – c. 335 BC) Possibly a son of Harsiotef and a brother of Nastasen. Akhraten may have been succeeded by Nastasen. Alara of Nubia King of Kush (fl. c. early-8th century BC) The founder of the Napatan royal dynasty and was the first recorded prince of Nubia. He unified all of Upper Nubia from Meroë to the Third Cataract. His successors would comprise the 25th Dynasty of Egypt. Alexander Helios Prince Ptolemaic (40 BC – c. 29 BC) Eldest son of queen Cleopatra VII and Roman triumvir Mark Antony. Amanibakhi King of Kush (fl. c. mid-4th century BC) Kushite King of Meroe. The successor of Akhraten and the predecessor of Nastasen. Amanineteyerike King of Kush (fl. c. late-5th century BC) Kushite King of Meroe. The son of King Malewiebamani, and brother of Baskakeren. His predecessor Talakhamani was either an older brother or an uncle. His name is also written as Amanneteyerike, Aman-nete-yerike, or Irike-Amannote. Amasis II Pharaoh 26th dynasty (reigned c. 570 BC – c. 526 BC) Based at Sais and the successor to Apries. Under Amasis II, Egypt's agricultural based economy reached its zenith. He was able to defeat an invasion of Egypt by the Babylonian king Nebuchadrezzar II. Also called Ahmose II. Amenemhat I Pharaoh 12th dynasty (reigned c. 1991 BC – c. 1962 BC) The first ruler of the 12th dynasty. Amenemhat I was a vizier of his predecessor Mentuhotep IV. He moved the capital from Thebes to Itjtawy. Amenemhat II Pharaoh 12th dynasty (reigned c. 1929 BC – c. 1895 BC) The third pharaoh of the 12th dynasty of Egypt. He was the son of Senusret I through the latter's chief wife, Queen Neferu III. Amenemhat III Pharaoh 12th dynasty (reigned c. 1860 BC – c. 1814 BC) Sixth king of the 12th dynasty. Son of Senusret III. Amenemhat IV Pharaoh 12th dynasty (reigned c. 1815 BC – c. 1806 BC) Seventh king of the 12th dynasty. Possibly a son of Amenemhat III. Amenemhat V Sekhemkare Pharaoh 13th dynasty (fl. c. early 18th century BC) An Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty. He appears as 'Sekhemkare' in the Turin King List. Amenemhet VI Pharaoh 13th dynasty (fl. c. mid-18th century BC) The seventh king of the Thirteenth Dynasty according to the Turin Canon. Amenemhat Nomarch 12th dynasty (fl. 20th century BCE) Also known as Ameny, a governor at Men'at Khufu during the reign of pharaoh Senusret I. Amenemhat High Priest of Amun 18th dynasty (fl. c. late-15th century BC) High Priest of Amun during the reign of pharaoh Amenhotep II. Amenemhat Prince 18th dynasty (fl. c. mid-15th century BC) Son of Pharaoh Thutmose III. He was the eldest son and appointed heir but predeceased his father. Amenemhat Prince 18th dynasty (fl. c. early-14th century BC) The son of Pharaoh Thutmose IV. He died young and was buried in his father's tomb. Amenemhatankh Prince 12th dynasty (fl. c. early 19th century BC) A son of Amenemhat II. A..
   
2. Title: Wikiwand: Neferitatjenen
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Neferitatjenen;
   Note: Neferitatjanen was the wife of the 12th Dynasty Egyptian king, Amenemhat I and mother of Senwosret I. Her relationships were recorded on a statuette of her son. She held the title "King's Mother" ("mwt-niswt") Specific dates of birth, marriage and death are not available, but she lived in the 20th century BCE.
   
3. Title: WOMEN'S CLOTHING AND FASHION IN ANCIENT EGYPT
   Publication: Name: http://www.womenintheancientworld.com/women's%20clothing.htm;
   
4. Title: Wikiwand: Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt;
   Note: The Twelfth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Dynasty XII) is often combined with the Eleventh, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Dynasties under the group title Middle Kingdom. Rulers Known rulers of the Twelfth Dynasty are as follows: Dynasty XII pharaohs of Egypt Name Horus (throne) name Date Pyramid Queen(s) Amenemhat I Sehetepibre 1991 – 1962 BC Pyramid of Amenemhet I Queen Neferitatjenen Senusret I (Sesostris I) Kheperkare 1971 – 1926 BC Pyramid of Senusret I Queen Neferu III Amenemhat II Nubkhaure 1929 – 1895 BC White Pyramid Queen Kaneferu Queen Keminub? Senusret II (Sesostris II) Khakheperre 1897 – 1878 BC Pyramid at El-Lahun Queen Khenemetneferhedjet I Queen Nofret II Queen Itaweret? Queen Khnemet Senusret III (Sesostris III) Khakaure 1878 – 1839 BC Pyramid at Dahshur Queen Meretseger Queen Neferthenut Queen Khnemetneferhedjet II Queen Sithathoriunet Amenemhat III Nimaatre 1860 – 1814 BC Black Pyramid; Pyramid at Hawara Queen Aat Queen Hetepi Queen Khenemetneferhedjet III Amenemhat IV Maakherure 1815 – 1806 BC Southern Mazghuna pyramid (conjectural) Queen Sobekneferu Sobekkare 1806 – 1802 BC Northern Mazghuna pyramid (conjectural) The chronology of the 12th dynasty is the most stable of any period before the New Kingdom. The Ramses Papyrus canon (1290 BC) in Turin gives 213 years (1991–1778 BC). Manetho stated that it was based in Thebes, but from contemporary records it is clear that the first king moved its capital to a new city named "Amenemhat-itj-tawy" ("Amenemhat the Seizer of the Two Lands"), more simply called Itjtawy. The location of Itjtawy has not been found, but is thought to be near the Fayyum, probably near the royal graveyards at el-Lisht. Egyptologists consider this dynasty to be the apex of the Middle Kingdom. The order of its rulers is well known from several sources — two lists recorded at temples in Abydos and one at Saqqara, as well as Manetho's work. A recorded date during the reign of Senusret III can be correlated to the Sothic cycle, consequently many events during this dynasty can be frequently assigned to a specific year. Amenemhat I and Senusret I This dynasty was founded by Amenemhat I, who may have been vizier to the last pharaoh of Dynasty XI, Mentuhotep IV. His armies campaigned south as far as the Second Cataract of the Nile and into southern Canaan. He also reestablished diplomatic relations with the Canaanite state of Byblos and Hellenic rulers in the Aegean Sea. His son Senusret I followed his father's triumphs with an expedition south to the Third Cataract, but the next rulers were content to live in peace until the reign of Senusret III. Senusret III Finding Nubia had grown restive under the previous rulers, Senusret sent punitive expeditions into that land; he also sent an expedition into the Levant. These military campaigns gave birth to a legend of a mighty warrior named Sesostris, a story retold by Manetho, Herodotus, and Diodorus Siculus. Manetho claimed the mythical Sesostris not only subdued the lands as had Senusret I, but also conquered parts of Canaan and had crossed over into Europe to annex Thrace. However, there are no records of the time, either in Egyptian or other contemporary writings that support these claims. Amenemhat III Senusret's successor Amenemhat III reaffirmed his predecessor's foreign policy. However, after Amenemhat, the energies of this dynasty were largely spent, and the growing troubles of government were left to the dynasty's last ruler, Queen Sobekneferu, to resolve. Amenemhat was remembered for the mortuary temple at Hawara that he built, known to Herodotus, Diodorus, and Strabo as the "Labyrinth." Additionally, under his reign, the marshy Fayyum was first exploited. Ancient Egyptian literature It was during the twelfth dynasty that Ancient Egyptian literature was refined. Perhaps the best known work from this period is "The Story of Sinuhe," of which several hundred papyrus copies have been recovered. Also written during this dynasty were a number of Didactic works, such as the "Instructions of Amenemhat" and "The Tale of the Eloquent Peasant." Pharaohs of Dynasties XII through XVIII are also credited with preserving for us some of the most remarkable Egyptian papyri: . 1900 BC – Prisse Papyrus . 1800 BC – Berlin Papyrus . 1800 BC – Moscow Mathematical Papyrus . 1650 BC – Rhind Mathematical Papyrus . 1600 BC – Edwin Smith papyrus . 1550 BC – Ebers papyrus
   
5. Title: Wikiwand: Women in ancient Egypt
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Women_in_ancient_Egypt;
   Note: Women in ancient Egypt had some special rights other women did not have in other comparable societies. They could own property and were, at court, legally equal to men. However, Ancient Egypt was a society dominated by men. Women could not have important positions in administration, though there were women rulers and even women pharaohs. Women at the royal court gained their positions by relationship to male kings. Work Most women belonged to the peasantry, and worked alongside their husbands doing agricultural work. Women were known to manage farms or businesses in the absence of their husbands or sons. Among the upper classes of society, a woman usually did not work outside the home, and instead supervised the servants of the household and her children's education. An exception is the textile industry. Here women are well attested as weavers. A letter found at Lahun and dating around 1800 BC names six female weavers. In the Old Kingdom wealthy women often owned an own household. There were working men and women side by side, and it is not uncommon to find in the stuff of a women's household other women with administrative titles. Especially in tomb scenes of the periods, men are often served by men, while women are served by women. Here, a separation of sexes is visible. Women belonging to families wealthy enough to hire nannies to help with childcare frequently worked as perfume-makers, and also were employed in courts and temples, as acrobats, dancers, singers, and musicians, which were all considered respectable pursuits for upper-class women. Women belonging to any class could work as professional mourners or musicians, and these were common jobs. Noblewomen could be members of the priesthood connected to either a god or goddess. Women could even be at the head of a business as, for example, the lady Nenofer of the New Kingdom, and could also be a doctor, like the lady Peseshet during the Fourth dynasty of Egypt. Family and marriage Marriage The purpose of marriage was to have more children and descendants of the family. In the New Kingdom there was a saying that: "Take a wife while you are young That she make a son for you She should bear for you while you are youthful It is proper to make people Happy is the man whose people are many He is saluted on account of his progeny." It is true that some egalitarian relationship between husband and wife was implied in Egypt depiction. For example, in love songs, "brother and sister" carried the same significance as "husband and wife." "Sn," the Egyptian word for "brother," also meant "peer," "mate," or "second." Thus, the love songs may be referring to the egalitarian relationship between husband and wife. The example for interbreeding among royalty was set by the gods since Osiris married his sister, Isis. However, depictions usually show a husband and wife in an affectionate attitude with their children, so we assume most families were generally happy, but marriage was more realistic. The wife shared responsibilities and worked with her husband. Marriages in ancient Egypt were usually monogamous, but it also was not uncommon for a man of high economic status to have more than one wife. This was especially true if the man's first wife was unable to have children of her own. Although it was possible to divorce, it was very difficult. Marriages were usually arranged by parents, who chose appropriate partners for their children. Despite what the laws stated, it was suggested that women made more family decisions and controlled more of the home than usual. Women had control over most of their property, could serve as legal persons who brought cases to the court, and even worked in public. Husbands did not take total control over their wives property because women had a degree of independence in ancient Egypt. For example, from ca. 365 B.C, a new marriage contract was emerged which mainly protected women from divorce, placing more financial burdens on men. The influence of queens and queen mothers was considered as a big reason for women's special rights in ancient Egypt compared to other societies at that time. Queens and queen mothers always had a great power since many pharaohs were very young when they succeeded the throne. For example, the great pharaoh Ahmose I in New Kingdom, always took advice from his mother, Ahhotep I, and his principal wife, Nefertari. Although the women of ancient Egypt were viewed as one of the most independent groups of women, widowhood could result in suspicion due to the lack of male control. Widows also gained more legal freedom, being able to buy and sell land, making donations, and even making loans. Pregnancy There is much evidence of complex beliefs and practices in ancient Egypt related to the important role fertility played in society. If a woman was not fertile, her husband could potentially divorce her for not producing heirs. Religious beliefs included rules concerning purification, similar to other religions in the region. Women in Egypt were believed to be eliminating impure elements during menstruation, and were excused from work and could not enter the restricted rooms of temples while menstruating. Fertility rituals were used by couples desiring children. Contraception was permitted as well, and medical texts survive that refer to many contraceptive formulas (although the ingredients are often now difficult to identify). Some formulas, such as drinks made of celery base and beer, are dubious, but others show a basic knowledge of somewhat effective methods, such as a spermicide made of fermented acacia gum, which produces a sperm-killing lactic acid. Once pregnant, the uterus was placed under the protection of a specific goddess, Tenenet. Ritual medical care was given by anointing the woman's body with beneficial oils, using a small bottle in the form of a woman posed with her hands placed on a round belly. There was a way in the Egyptian society for families who wanted to know the sex of their baby, which spread to Greece, Byzantium, and then to Europe, where it was practiced for centuries without anyone realizing its origins in ancient Egypt. It involves placing grains of barley and wheat in a cloth sachet and soaking them in the pregnant woman's urine; if barley sprouted first, the baby was said to be a boy, and if the wheat sprouted first, the baby was said to be a girl. In ancient Egypt, the word for barley was the synonym of "father." Childbirth When it was time for childbirth, the pregnant woman was assisted by midwives. She would be shaved, including her head. The midwives would support the woman during labor while she remained in a squatting position on a mat. On the corners of the mat were placed four bricks, believed to be the incarnation of four goddesses: Nut, the great goddess of the sky; Tefnut, the elder, the feminine polarity of the first couple; Aset the beautiful; and Nebet-Het, the excellent. Women playing an official role at the highest levels Few ancient civilizations enabled women to achieve important social positions. The same is true for ancient Egypt. There are only very few examples of women as high officials. Only very few women made it into the highest office, that of Pharaoh. One example of a woman in a high state position is Nebet who became vizier in the Sixth Dynasty. The vizier was the highest state official, second only to the king. Egyptian society of antiquity, like many other civilizations of the time, used religion as a foundation for society. This was how the throne of the power of the Pharaohs was justified, as anointed by the gods, and the holder of the throne had a divine right. Typically, in ancient societies power was transferred from one male to the next. Women gave birth to the heirs, signaling importance towards marriage, as well. The son inherited the power, and in cases where the king did not have a son, the throne was then inherited by the male members of the family further removed from the king, such as cousins or uncles. But even if the monarch had daughters, they could not gain power. In Egyptian civilization, this obligation of passing power to a male successor was not without exceptions. Royal blood, a factor determined by divine legitimacy, was the unique criteria for access to the throne. However, the divine essence was transmitted to the royal spouse, as was the case with Nefertiti, wife of Akhenaton. Egyptians preferred to be governed by a woman with royal blood (being divine according to mythology) rather than by a man who did not have royal blood. Also, during crises of succession, there were women who took power. When this happened, the female Pharaoh adopted all of the masculine symbols of the throne. There even exist doubts, in some instances, about the sex of certain Pharaohs who could have been women. During the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt, when Amenhotep I died, his successor Thutmose I appears to have not been his son, at least he was not the child of a secondary wife of the late Pharaoh; if his wife Ahmes was related to Amenhotep I, this union permitted divine legitimacy. For the following successor, princess Hatshepsut, daughter of Thutmose I and the Great Royal Wife, enabled Thutmose II, son of his second wife and therefore half-brother of the princess, to gain the throne by marrying him. It became more common for women to gain the throne in ancient Egypt. For example, as with Hatshepsut, who took the place of her nephew Thutmose III. When Hatshepsut inherited the throne from her late husband and became Pharaoh, her daughter Neferure took on a role that exceeded the normal duties of a royal princess, acquiring a more queenly role. There were also the Cleopatras, of whom the best known is Cleopatra VII (69 BCE to 30 BCE), famous for her beauty and her relationships with Julius Caesar and then Marc Antony, the leaders who depended upon her throne. The women Pharaohs who are best known, and of whom historians are most cer..
   
6. Title: WorldHistory: Amarna, el - (Akhetaten, Tell el-’Armana) The
   Publication: Name: https://www.worldhistory.biz/ancient-history/63591-amarna-el-akhetaten-tell-el-armana-the.html;
   Note: Amarna, el - (Akhetaten, Tell el-’Armana) The Arabic name of the site that served as the capital, Akhetaten, “The Horizon of aten,” it was built by akhen-ATEN (Amenhotep IV of the Eighteenth Dynasty, r. 1353-1335 B. C.E.) as his capital and destroyed by HOREMHAB a few decades later. Erected on a level plain between the Nile and the eastern cliffs north of Assiut, ’Amarna was six miles long and marked by boundary stelae. The districts of the city were well planned and laid out with geometric precision and artistry. All of the regions of ’Amarna were designed to focus on the royal residence and on the temple of the god Aten. 24 'Amarna Letters Officials and courtiers lived in the principal districts, and the homes provided for them were large and lavish. Most contained gardens, pools, and summer villas, as well as reception areas. The temple and the palace were located on the royal avenue, designed to run parallel to the Nile. This thoroughfare was spanned by an immense brick bridge, which was not only a startling architectural innovation but achieved an artistic unity that became the hallmark of the god’s abode. The bridge joined two separate wings of the royal residence and contained the famed WINDOW OF APPEARANCE, which was discovered in reliefs of the area. Akhenaten and nefertiti greeted the faithful of the city in the window and honored officials, military leaders, and artisans, forming an appealing portrait of regal splendor in this setting. The palace did not serve as a royal residence but as a site for rituals and ceremonies. The royal family occupied limited space in separate apartments. The remaining parts of the structure were designed as altar sites, halls, stables, gardens, pools, throne rooms, and ceremonial chambers. The entire palace was decorated with painting in the ’Amarna style. Waterfowl and marsh scenes graced the walls, adding a natural pastoral quality to the residence. The main throne room for official ceremonies in honor of Aten was set between pillared chambers and halls, one with 30 rows of 17 pillars each. Adjacent to the palace was the temple of the god. This site had a rectangular wall that measured 2,600 by 900 feet. The temple, as many of the structures in ’Amarna, was adapted to the Nile climate and designed for outdoor services. There were few roofs evident in the architectural planning of the complexes. The homes of the ’Amarna artisans were in the southeast section of the city, surrounded by another wall. Six blocks of such residences were laid out in this area, between five parallel streets. Akhetaten, also called “the City of the solar disk,” is supposedly named ’Amarna or Tell el-’Amarna today to commemorate a tribe of Bedouins that settled on the site approximately two centuries ago. A vast cliff cemetery was established nearby linked to ’Amarna by the royal WADI. See also art and architecture; talatat. ’Amarna Letters A collection of correspondence spanning the reigns of amenhotep iii (r. 1391-1353 b. c.e.), AKHENATEN (r. 1353-1335 b. c.e.), and into the first year of tut’ankhamun’s reign (r. 1333-1323 b. c.e.), these were discovered in the ruins of Akhenaten’s capital of ’amarna in 1887, taken from a site called “the Place of the Letters of the Pharaohs.” Some 382 cuneiform tablets constitute the body of the collection, written in the old Babylonian dialect of the Akkadians, the lingua franca of the territory at the time. This adopted language used altered Egyptian and Syrian terms as well. The letters contain diplomatic texts that reflect the changing trade and military exploits of the era. They are actually representations of correspondence between known kingdoms, providing insights into allegiances, protocol, pacts, vassal status, and the ever-changing realms of competing empires. Amasis (Khnemibre) (d. 526 b. c.e.) Sixth king of the Twenty-sixth Dynasty Amasis usurped the throne of apries and ruled from 570 B. C.E. until his death. He was a general of Egypt’s armies, having served psammetichus ii (r. 595-589 b. c.e.) as commander of an expedition to nubia, modern Sudan. He served Apries (r. 589-570 b. c.e.) in the same capacity until Egypt was drawn into a war between Libya’s ruler, ADICRAN, and the Greek colony of cyrene. Apries sent troops to aid Libya in freeing itself from the Greek colonists, but they were badly defeated by the superior Greek military. The Egyptian troops promptly mutinied, and Amasis was sent to their camp in the Delta to mediate a truce. He sided with the soldiers and was hailed as the new ruler of Egypt. Apries, forced into exile, returned in 567 b. c.e. with Greek mercenaries who had little enthusiasm for the civil war that ensued. Apries met Amasis at momemphis (probably a site near Terana on the Canopic branch of the Nile) in the Delta region and was quickly routed. He was then handed over to a mob and was slain but was buried with considerable pomp. A red granite stela was erected on the site of the battle. Amasis, secure on the throne, proved a capable ruler. Being a commoner by birth, he brought a unique perspective to the throne, one that earned him a reputation for amiability, demonstrating a good nature, unpretentious attitudes, and a rare understanding of life among the common castes on the Nile. He started his reign in SAIS in the eastern Delta by assigning Apries’s Greek troops to MEMPHIS, where they formed a bodyguard. Amasis earned the title of “Philhellene,” or “He who loves the Greeks,” because of his concern about Greek resistance to the growing Persian imperial domain. He limited the trade activities of the Greeks in Egypt to the city of naukratis, which provided them with a haven but protected Egyptian merchants from competition at the same time. He married ladice, a Cyrenian woman, and so came to control parts of Cyprus, including the vast Cyprian fleet. A friend of Polycrates, the tyrant of Samos, Amasis donated funds, about 11,000 talents, for the restoration of the temple of Apollo at Delphi after its ruination in 548 b. c.e. When CROESUS of Lydia asked for aid in repelling the Persians, Amasis proved a generous ally. Amasis’s mother was takheredeneset, a commoner. He also married Queen nakhsebasteru, who bore a son named ’Ahmose, and Queen khedebneitheret, who was possibly the daughter of Apries. His daughter, Princess NITOCRIS (1), was officially “adopted” by ankhesneferi-BRE, a sister of the slain Apries, as a god’s wife of amun, or a Divine Adoratrice of Amun. He built monuments at Sais, buto, Memphis, and ABYDOS, and a temple to the god Amun in the SIWA Oasis of the LIBYAN DESERT. Only a few statues of Amasis survive, as the Persian conqueror cambyses (ruling Egypt from 525 to 522 b. c.e.) destroyed those he could find. Amasis was buried in Sais in a stone structure with double doors and pillars. SHABTIS, or tomb statues, were found on the site. His son psammetichus iii succeeded him in 526 b. c.e. but faced a Persian invasion a year later. Cambyses had Amasis’s body exhumed and ravaged because of Amasis’s support for the Greeks. Amaunet (Amunet) The divine consort of the god AMUN, worshiped in thebes in the early Middle Kingdom (2020-1640 B. C.E.), her name meant “the hidden one.” Amaunet was also included in the ogdoad, the eight deities of hermopolis. Self-created, she was depicted as a woman wearing the crown of Lower Egypt. Am Duat (Am Tuat) A mortuary text depicted on the walls in the tomb of tuthmosis iii (r. 1479-1425 b. c.e.) in the valley of the kings in thebes, the Am Duat, “Book of that which is in the underworld,” shows the nightly journey of the god Re, a prototype of the sojourn required of the deceased. The Am Duat is divided into 12 sections, representing fields or caverns, and traces the pathway into the earth that starts at the gateway of the western horizon. The text contains many adventures and torments but ends in spiritual redemption and the attainment of paradise. See also book of the dead; tomb texts. Amemait A ferocious divine being associated with Egyptian mortuary rituals and traditions, the creature possessed the head of a crocodile, the foreparts of a large cat, and the rear of a hippopotamus. Called “the Great of Death” or “the Devourer,” Amemait was female. The illustrations of the beast in the book of the dead depict Amemait waiting beside the scales in the judgment HALLS OF OSIRIS, where the god OSIRIS weighed the hearts of the deceased against the feather of the goddess ma’at. The hearts of those who were evil in life were given to Amemait as food. The negative confessions, claims of not committing various crimes or sins, were designed to protect the deceased from Amemait, who was clearly a dispenser of justice, not of mindless terror. amulets and spells were also employed to keep this divine being from devouring the dead. The horror involved in Amemait’s dining on the dead derived from the Egyptian’s fear of going into “nothingness,” or the endless void. Amenemhab (fl. 15th century b. c.e.) Military general of the Eighteenth Dynasty Amenemhab served tuthmosis iii (r. 1479-1425 b. c.e.) and AMENHOTEP II (r. 1425-1401 b. c.e.) and had a long and distinguished military career. His wife served as a nurse for the royal family, and she probably introduced him to Tuthmosis iii. His tomb on the western shore of the Nile at thebes provides elaborate autobiographical inscriptions that contain detailed accounts of Tuthmosis iii’s vigorous campaigns. Amenemhab followed this warrior pharaoh across many lands as Egypt forged an empire. on one occasion, when Tuthmosis iii recklessly started elephant hunting, Amenemhab cut off the trunk of a maddened bull elephant that charged the pharaoh. He received the third “Gold of valor” award for this feat. On another battlefield, Amenemhab saw the enemy release a young mare into the ranks of the oncoming Egyptian cavalry. such a mare was designed to bring about a mating frenzy among the Egyptian stallions. Amenemhab slit open the ..
   
7. Title: "Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt," by Margaret Bunson
   Author: Infobase Publishing, May 14, 2014
   Publication: Name: https://books.google.com/books?id=-6EJ0G-4jyoC&pg=PA95&lpg=PA95&dq=Dedyet&source=bl&ots=QRbS5zxJ1a&sig=ACfU3U1L09i0fjQUjgGW-w_ke0hiScXYWg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi7s4SBhezoAhXul3IEHQ6TBAUQ6AEwEnoECBkQKQ#v=onepage&q=Nefru-totenen&f=false;
   Note: An A-Z reference providing concise and accessible information on Ancient Egypt from its predynastic cultures to the suicide of Cleopatra and Mark Anthony in the face of the Roman conquest. Annotation. Bunson (an author of reference works) has revised her 1991 reference (which is appropriate for high school and public libraries) to span Egypt's history from the predynastic period to the Roman conquest. The encyclopedia includes entries for people, sites, events, and concepts as well as featuring lengthy entries or inset boxes on major topics such as deities, animals, and the military. A plan and photograph are included for each of the major architectural sites.
   
8. Title: Wikiwand: Amenemhat I
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Amenemhat_I;
   Note: Amenemhat I (Middle Egyptian: jmn-m-ḥꜣt; /jaˈmaːnumaˌħuːʀiʔ/) also Amenemhet I and the hellenized form Ammenemes, was the first ruler of the Twelfth Dynasty, the dynasty considered to be the golden-age of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt. He ruled from 1991 BC to 1962 BC (1939 BC to 1910 BC). Amenemhat I probably was the same as the vizier named Amenemhat who led an expedition to Wadi Hammamat under his predecessor Mentuhotep IV, and possibly overthrew him from power. Scholars differ as to whether Mentuhotep IV was killed by Amenemhat I, but there is no independent evidence to suggest this and there may even have been a period of co-regency between their reigns. Amenemhet I was not of royal lineage, and the composition of some literary works (the "Prophecy of Neferti," the "Instructions of Amenemhat") and, in architecture, the reversion to the pyramid-style complexes of the 6th dynasty rulers, often are considered to have been attempts at legitimizing his rule. Amenemhat I moved the capital from Thebes to Itjtawy and was buried in el-Lisht. Early reign There's some evidence that the early reign of Amenemhat I was beset with political turmoil, as indicated by the inscriptions of Nehri, a local governor. There were some naval battles where an associate of Amenemhat I by the name of Khnumhotep I was involved, and helped to procure victory. Later, Khnumhotep was appointed as an important local governor at Beni Hasan, and he founded a dynasty of local governors there. His grandson was Khnumhotep III. In the inscriptions by Khnumhotep, mention also is made of military campaigns against the Asiatics and the Nubians. Name Amenemhat I's name is associated with one of only two "sebayt" or ethical "teachings" attributed to Egyptian monarchs, entitled the "Instructions of Amenemhat," though it generally is thought today that it was composed by a scribe at the behest of the king. Amenemhat I's Horus name, Wehemmesu, which means renaissance or rebirth, is an allusion to the Old Kingdom period, whose cultural icons and models (such as pyramidal tombs and Old Kingdom artistic motifs) were emulated by the Twelfth Dynasty kings after the end of the First Intermediate Period. The cult of the king was also promoted during this period, which witnessed a steady return to a more centralized government. The royal court The vizier at the beginning of the reign was Ipi, at the end of the reign, Intefiqer was in charge. Two treasurers can be placed under this king: another Ipi and Rehuerdjersen. Two high stewards, Meketre and Sobeknakht, also have been identified. His pyramid Main article: Pyramid of Amenemhet I His pyramid was made in the same fashion as 5th and 6th dynasty pyramids by having a rough core clad with a fine mantle of smooth limestone. "The core of the pyramid was made up of small rough blocks of limestone with a loose fill of sand, debris and mudbrick. Perhaps the most remarkable feature is that it included fragments of relief-decorated blocks from Old Kingdom monuments – many from pyramid causeways and temples, including Khufu's. Granite blocks from Khafre's complex went into the lining and blocking of Amenemhat I's descending passage. We can only conclude that they were picked up at Saqqara and Giza and brought to Lisht to be incorporated into the pyramid for their spiritual efficacy." When the limestone outer layer was taken, the core slumped. The pyramid and temple have been used as a source of material for lime burners so only a small amount remains today. The Middle Kingdom pyramids were built closer to the Nile and Amenemhet I's burial chamber is now underwater because the River Nile has shifted course. The complex has an inner wall of limestone and an outer wall of mudbrick; members of the Royal family were buried between these two walls. There are a number of mastaba tombs between the walls and 22 burial shafts on the western side of the pyramid. His son Senusret I followed in his footsteps, building his pyramid – a closer reflection of the 6th dynasty pyramids than that of Amenemhat I – at Lisht as well, but his grandson, Amenemhat II, broke with this tradition. Assassination Two literary works dating from the end of the reign give a picture about Amenemhat I's death. The Instructions of Amenemhat were supposedly counsels that the deceased king gave to his son during a dream. In the passage where he warns Senusret I against too great intimacy with his subjects, he tells the story of his own death as a reinforcement: "It was after supper, when night had fallen, and I had spent an hour of happiness. I was asleep upon my bed, having become weary, and my heart had begun to follow sleep. When weapons of my counsel were wielded, I had become like a snake of the necropolis. As I came to, I awoke to fighting, and found that it was an attack of the bodyguard. If I had quickly taken weapons in my hand, I would have made the wretches retreat with a charge! But there is none mighty in the night, none who can fight alone; no success will come without a helper. Look, my injury happened while I was without you, when the entourage had not yet heard that I would hand over to you when I had not yet sat with you, that I might make counsels for you; for I did not plan it, I did not foresee it, and my heart had not taken thought of the negligence of servants." This passage refers to a conspiracy in which Amenemhat was killed by his own guards, when his son and co-regent Senusret I was leading a campaign in Libya. Another account of the following events is given in the "Story of Sinuhe," a famous text of Egyptian literature: "Year 30, third month of the Inundation season, day 7, the god mounted to his horizon, the King of Upper and Lower Egypt Sehetepibre went aloft to heaven and became united with the sun's disk, the limb of the god being merged in him who made him; whilst the Residence was hushed, hearts were in mourning, the Great Gates were closed, the courtiers crouched, head on lap, and the nobles grieved. Now His Majesty had sent an army to the land of the Tjemeh (Libyans), his eldest son as the captain thereof, the goodly god Senusret. He had been sent to smite the foreign countries, and to take prisoner the dwellers in the Tjehnu-land, and now indeed he was returning and had carried off living prisoners of the Tjehnu and all kinds of cattle limitless. And the Companions of the Palace sent to the western side to acquaint the king's son concerning the position that had arisen in the Royal Apartments, and the messengers found him upon the road, they reached him at time of night. Not a moment did he linger, the falcon flew off with his followers, not letting his army know. But the king's children who accompanied him in this army had been sent for and one of them had been summoned. (...)" Succession Amenemhat I is considered to be the first king of Egypt to have had a coregency with his son, Senusret I. A double dated stela from Abydos and now in the Cairo Museum (CG 20516) is dated to the Year 30 of Amenemhat I and to the Year 10 of Senusret I, which establishes that Senusret was made co-regent in Amenemhat's Year 20. Modern adaptation Naguib Mahfouz, the Nobel Prize-winning Egyptian writer, includes Amenemhat I in one of his stories published in 1941 entitled "Awdat Sinuhi." The story appeared in an English translation by Raymond Stock in 2003 as "The Return of Sinuhe" in the collection of Mahfouz's short stories entitled "Voices from the Other World." The story is based directly on the "Story of Sinuhe," although adding details of a lovers' triangle romance involving Amenemhat I and Sinuhe that does not appear in the original. Mahfouz also includes the pharaoh in his account of Egypt's rulers "Facing the Throne." In this work, the Nobel laureate has the Ancient Egyptian gods judge the country's rulers from Pharaoh Mena to President Anwar Sadat.
   
9. Title: Ancient Egypt: A list of Queens of Ancient Egypt
   Author: The names of these Queens and the titles have been taken mailny from: Dodson and Hilton: "The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt" W. Grajetzki: "Ancient Egyptian Queens: a hieroglyphic dictionary." Some information comes from Kitchen's books on Ramesside Inscriptions. These books have much more detailed information about these Queens :) Page by Anneke Bart
   Note: Middle Kingdom 11th Dynasty Neferu I: The mother of Inyotef II; mentioned on the stela of Tjeti. no titles known. Neferukhayet: Possibly the wife of Intef II. Known from a stela from her estate manager Redi-Khnum. May be identical to Queen Neferu I mentioned above. Titles: King’s Wife, his beloved (hmt-nisw meryt.f), King’s Daughter (s3t-niswt), Royal Ornament (khkrt-niswt) Iah: She was a daughter of Intef II, wife of Inyotef III, and mother of Mentuhotep II and Neferu II. She was depicted with her royal son on a stela. Titles: King’s Mother (mwt-niswt), King’s Daughter (s3t-niswt), Priestess of Hathor (hmt-ntr-hwt-hr) Henhenet: She was the wife of Mentuhotpe II and was buried in a vast mortuary complex of the King at Deir El-Bahri. Titles: Royal Ornament (khkrt-niswt), Sole Royal Ornament (khkrt-niswt-w’tit), King’s Wife, his beloved (hmt-nisw meryt.f), Priestess of Hathor (hmt-ntr-hwt-hr) Neferu (II): She was the Chief wife of Mentuhotpe II. Had her own rock-cut tomb. Titles: Hereditary Princess (iryt-p`t), She who sees Horus and Seth (m33t-hrw-stsh), Lady of the House (nbt-pr), King’s Wife (hmt-nisw), King’s Wife, his beloved (hmt-nisw meryt.f) Lady of all Women (hnwt-hmwt-nbwt), King’s Daughter (s3t-niswt), KD, his beloved (s3t-niswt-meryt.f), Eldest KD of his body (s3t-niswt-smst-nt-kht.f), Foster Child of Wadjet (sdjtit-w3djt) Kawit: She was a royal companion of Mentuhotpe II. Titles: Royal Ornament (khkrt-niswt), Sole Royal Ornament (khkrt-niswt-w’tit), King’s Wife, his beloved (hmt-nisw meryt.f), Priestess of Hathor (hmt-ntr-hwt-hr) Tem: She was a wife of Mentuhotpe II and believed to be the mother of Mentuhotpe III. Her tomb is one of the largest female grave sites ever found.The sarcophagus in her burial chamber was made of alabaster and sandstone. Titles: King’s Wife, his beloved (hmt-nisw meryt.f), Mother of the Dual King (mwt-niswt-biti), King’s Mother (mwt-niswt), Great one of the hetes-sceptre (wrt-hetes). Sadhe: She was a lesser wife of Mentuhotpe II. Titles: Sole Royal Ornament (khkrt-niswt-w’tit), King’s Wife, his beloved (hmt-nisw meryt.f), Priestess of Hathor (hmt-ntr-hwt-hr) Ashayet: Wife of Mentuhotpe II. She was buried with the King in his eleborate mortuary complex at Deir El-Bahri. Titles: Sole Royal Ornament (khkrt-niswt-w’tit), King’s Wife, his beloved (hmt-nisw meryt.f), Priestess of Hathor (hmt-ntr-hwt-hr), Priestess of Hathor, great in her souls, foremost in her places (hmt-ntr-hwt-hr-wrt-m-[k3w].s-khntit-m-swt.s), Priestess of Hathor, Lady of Denderah, great in her souls, foremost in her places (hmt-ntr-hwt-hr-nbt-iwnt-wrt-m-k3w.s-khntit-m-swt.s), Kemsit: She was a royal companion of Mentuhotpe II. She was buried in the Kings' mortuary complex. Royal Ornament (khkrt-niswt), Sole Royal Ornament (khkrt-niswt-w’tit), King’s Wife, his beloved (hmt-nisw meryt.f), Priestess of Hathor (hmt-ntr-hwt-hr) Imi: Mother of Mentuhotpe IV. Titles: King’s Mother (mwt-niswt) 12th Dynasty Nefret: Mother of Amenemhet I. Titles: King’s Mother (mwt-niswt) Neferitatjenen: Wife of Amenemhet I and the mother of Senwosret I. Titles: King’s Mother (mwt-niswt) Neferu (III): Daughter of Amenemhet I. Wife of Senwosret I and the mother of Amenemhet II. Had her own pyramid in her husband’s pyramid complex in Lisht. May have been buried near her son in Dashur. Titles: Hereditary Princess (iryt-p`t), Great of Praises (wrt-hzwt), Mother of the Dual King (mwt-niswt-biti), King’s Daughter (s3t-niswt), King’s Wife (hmt-nisw), King’s Wife in United with the places of Kheperkare (hmt-niswt-m-khnmt-swt-khpr-k3-r’), King’s Wife in United with the places of Senusret (hmt-niswt-m-khnmt-swt-[zi-n-wsrt]), Lady of all Women (hnwt-hmwt-nbwt), King’s Daughter of his body (s3t-niswt-nt-kht.f), King’s Daughter in High in the beauty of Amenemhat (s3t-niswt-m-k3i-nfrw-imn-m-h’t) Senet: Likely a wife of Amenemhat II and the mother of Senwosret II. Known from statues in the Delta. Titles: Hereditary Princess (iryt-p`t), King’s Mother (mwt-niswt), King’s Wife (hmt-nisw). Kaneferu: Possibly a wife of Amenemhat II. Named with him on a seal. Title: Mistress of All Women. Keminub: Wife of Amenemhet II. Buried in tomb in her husband’s funerary complex in Dashur. Titles: King’s Wife (hmt-nisw). Itaweret: Daughter of Amenemhat II and possibly a wife of Senwosret II. Buried in double tomb with Sit-Hathor-Iunet. Titles: King’s Daughter (s3t-niswt), United with the White Crown (khnmt-nfr-hdjt). Khnemet: Daughter of Amenemhat II. Possibly a wife of Senwosret II. Buried in in a daouble tomb with the king’s daughter Ita (another daughter of Amenemhat II). Titles: King’s Daughter (s3t-niswt), United with the White Crown (khnmt-nfr-hdjt). Neferet: Daughter of Amenemhat II. Wife of Senwosret II. Possibly buried in a small pyramid in Lahun (near Senwosret II) Titles: King’s Daughter of his body (s3t-niswt-nt-kht.f), Great one of the hetes-sceptre (wrt-hetes), Mistress of the Two Lands (hnwt-t3wy). Khnemet-nefer-hedjet I named Weret: Wife of Senwosret II, mother of Senwosret III. Prabably buried in a small pyramid in Lahun (near Senwosret II) Titles: King’s Mother (mwt-niswt), King’s Wife (hmt-nisw), Mistress of the Two Lands (hnwt-t3wy), Hereditary Princess (iryt-p`t), Great one of the hetes-sceptre (wrt-hetes), Great of Praises (wrt-hzwt), King’s Wife, his beloved (hmt-nisw meryt.f), Foster Child of Wadjet (sdjtit-w3djt), Priestess of Sobek, lord of Sumenu (hmt-ntr-sbk-nb-swmnw), Daughter of Geb (s3t-Gb). Sit-Hathor-Iunet: Wife of Senwosret III. Titles: King’s Daughter (s3t-niswt), King’s Wife (hmt-nisw) Mertseger: Wife of Senwosret III. Only mentioned in later sources (i.e the new kingdom temple in Semna). Titles: King’s Wife (hmt-nisw), Great King’s Wife (hmt-niswt-wrt) Khnemet-nefer-hedjet II named Weret: Wife of Senwosret III. Her skeleton appears to be of a woman about seventy years old. Titles: King’s Wife (hmt-nisw), Great one of the hetes-sceptre (wrt-hetes). Khnemet-nefer-hedjet-khered: Wife of Senwosret III. Khnemet-nefer-hedjet-“the child” is mentioned on a papyrus from Lahun. Possibly Khnemet-nefer-hedjet-khered II ? Titles: King’s Wife (hmt-nisw) Khnemet-nefer-hedjet : Wife of Senwosret III. Possibly Khnemet-nefer-hedjet-khered II again? Known from a canopic jar and two scarabs. Titles: Hereditary Princess (iryt-p`t), King’s Wife (hmt-nisw), Mistress of the Two Lands (hnwt-t3wy) Neferhenut: Wife of Senwosret III. Titles: King’s Wife (hmt-nisw), United with the White Crown (khnmt-nfr-hdjt). Aat: Wife of Amenemhet III. She is reported to have died at the age of 35, and was buried at Dashur. Titles: King’s Wife (hmt-nisw), King’s Wife, his beloved (hmt-nisw meryt.f), United with the White Crown (khnmt-nfr-hdjt) Hetepi: Possibly a wife of Amenemhet III. Titles: King’s Mother (mwt-niswt), United with the White Crown (khnmt-nfr-hdjt), Mistress of the Two Lands (hnwt-t3wy) Nefruptah: She was a daughter of Amenemhet III. Wrote her name in a cartouche at the end of her life. May have been regarded as a potential female ruler. Sister of Sobekneferu. Titles: Great one of the hetes-sceptre (wrt-hetes), King’s Daughter of his body (s3t-niswt-nt-kht.f) Nefru-Sobek: She was a Queen-Pharoah and the eighth ruler of the 12th Dynasty. She was probably the daughter of Amenemhet III and the half sister of Amenemhet IV, whom she succeeded. She was mentioned in the Karnak, Saqqara and Turin Kings' list. Three statues of her and a sphinx were discovered in the Delta. 13th Dynasty Nubhotepti (A): Possible wife of Hor Titles: Great King’s Wife (hmt-niswt-wrt), United with the White Crown (khnmt-nfr-hdjt), King’s Mother (mwt-niswt) Seneb[nehas] (A): Probable wife of Khendjer Titles: King’s Wife (hmt-niswt) Iy: Wife of Imyromesha or Inyotef IV or possibly Sobekhotep II. Iy was related to the vizier Ankhu. Titles: King’s Wife (hmt-nisw) Iuhebitu (A): Mother of Sobekhotep III. Titles: King’s Mother (mwt-niswt). Senebnehas (C): Wife of Sobekhotep III Titles: King’s Wife (hmt-nisw) , United with the White Crown (khnmt-nfr-hdjt), Hereditary Princess (iryt-p`t), Great of Grace (wrt-im3t), Great of Praises (wrt-hzwt), Mistress of the Entire Land (hnwt-t3w-mhw) Neni: Wife of Sobekhotep III and mother of the Princesses Iuhetibu (B) Fendi and Dedetanuq. Titles: King’s Wife (hmt-nisw) Senebsen: Wife of Neferhotep I. Possibly mother of Neferhotep A Titles: King’s Wife (hmt-nisw) Tjin: Wife of Sobekhotep IV; Mother of Prince Amenhotep and Princess Nebetiunet. Titles: King’s Wife (hmt-nisw) Nubhotepi (B): Mother of Sobekhotep V. Titles: King’s Mother (mwt-niswt). Nubkhaes: Wife of either Sobekhotep V, VI or Iaib. Daughter of the scribe of the vizier and great one of the Tens of Upepr Egypt dedusobek and the lady Duanofret. Mother of Duaneferet, Bebires and Khonskhufsy Titles: Great King’s Wife (hmt-niswt-wrt), United with the White Crown (khnmt-nfr-hdjt), Hereditary Princess (iryt-p`t), Great of Grace (wrt-im3t), Lady of all Women (hnwt-hmwt) Inni: Possible wife of Aya. Titles: Great King’s Wife (hmt-niswt-wrt), United with the White Crown (khnmt-nfr-hdjt) Ahhotepi: Wife and Mother of unknown kings. Known from scarabs. Titles: King’s Wife (hmt-nisw), King’s Mother (mwt-niswt). Iuhetibu (Q): Mother of an unknown king, Wife of Dedusobek (A) Titles: King’s Mother (mwt-niswt). Neferet (R): Wife of an unknown king. Mother of a princess Hatshepsut. Titles: King’s Wife (hmt-nisw) Queens known from seals only: Aashit: Great King’s Wife (hmt-niswt-wrt) Ankhmari: King’s Wife (hmt-nisw), United with the White Crown (khnmt-nfr-hdjt) Wadjet (or Iaret): King’s Wife (hmt-nisw) Resenufer: King’s Wife (hmt-nisw), United with the White Crown (khnmt-nfr-hdjt) Mesneb: King’s Wife (hmt-nisw) Nubhetepti: Seals are known for a King’s Wife (hmt-nisw) and King’s Mother (mwt-niswt) Nubhetepti. Other seals exist for a Great King’s Wife (hmt-niswt-wrt) and United with the White Crown (khnmt-nfr-hdjt) Nubhetepti. It is not clear to me if ..