Ramesses 1st Pharaoh of 19th Dynasty I

• Preferred Name: Ramesses 1st Pharaoh of 19th Dynasty I^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Burial: 1290 BC in KV16, Deir El-Bahri, Valley of the Kings, Luxor, Qinå, Egypt at LATI: N5.6977 LONG: E2.6421
  
• FSID: KVJL-M94
  
• Clan Name: with note: Description: founding pharaoh of ancient Egypt's 19th Dynasty, also known as the Ramessid dynasty
  
• Birth: ABT 1369 BC in Tanis, Ash Sharqiyah, Egypt at LATI: N0.7 LONG: E1.8
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: 1st Pharaoh of Egypt's 19th DynastyBET 1292 BC AND 1290 BC
  
• Death: 1290 BC in Thebes, Luxor, Qinå, Egypt at LATI: N5.6977 LONG: E2.6421 with note: 1290 BC (aged 78)
  
• Religion: High Priest of Set
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Menpehtyre Ramesses I (or Ramses) was the founding pharaoh of ancient Egypt's 19th dynasty. The dates for his short reign are not completely known but the time line of late 1292–1290 BC is frequently cited, as well as 1295–1294 BC. While Ramesses I was the founder of the 19th dynasty, his brief reign mainly serves to mark the transition between the reign of Horemheb, who had stabilized Egypt in the late 18th dynasty, and the rule of the powerful pharaohs of his own dynasty, in particular his son Seti I and grandson Ramesses II, who would bring Egypt to the height of its imperial power.
  
  Originally called "Pa-ra-mes-su," Ramesses I was of non-royal birth, being born into a noble military family from the Nile delta region, perhaps near the former Hyksos capital of Avaris. He was a son of a troop commander called Seti. His uncle Khaemwaset, an army officer, married Tamwadjesy, the matron of the Harem of Amun, who was a relative of Huy, the viceroy of Kush, an important state post. This shows the high status of Ramesses' family. Ramesses I found favor with Horemheb, the last pharaoh of the tumultuous Eighteenth dynasty, who appointed the former as his Vizier. Ramesses also served as the High Priest of Set; as such, he would have played an important role in the restoration of the old religion following the Amarna heresy of a generation earlier, under Akhenaten.
  
  Horemheb himself had been a nobleman from outside the immediate royal family, who rose through the ranks of the Egyptian army to serve as the royal adviser to Tutankhamun and Ay and, ultimately, Pharaoh. Since Horemheb had no surviving children, he ultimately chose Ramesses to be his heir in the final years of his reign presumably because Ramesses I was both an able administrator and had a son (Seti I) and a grandson (the future Ramesses II) to succeed him and thus avoid any succession difficulties.
  
  Upon his accession, Ramesses assumed a "prenomen," or royal name. When transliterated, the name is "mn-pḥty-rʿ," which usually is interpreted as "Menpehtyre," meaning "Established by the strength of Ra." However, he is better known by his "nomen," or personal name. This is transliterated as "rʿ-ms-sw," and is usually realized as Ramessu or Ramesses, meaning "Ra bore him."
  
  Already an old man when he was crowned, Ramesses appointed his son, the later pharaoh Seti I, to serve as the Crown Prince and chosen successor. Seti was charged with undertaking several military operations during this time, in particular, an attempt to recoup some of Egypt's lost possessions in Syria. Ramesses appears to have taken charge of domestic matters. Most memorably, he completed the second pylon at Karnak Temple, which was begun under Horemheb.
  
  Ramesses I enjoyed a very brief reign, as evidenced by the general paucity of contemporary monuments mentioning him. He had little time to build any major buildings in his reign and was hurriedly buried in a small and hastily finished tomb. The Egyptian priest Manetho assigns him a reign of 16 months, but this pharaoh certainly ruled Egypt for a minimum of 17 months based on his highest known date, which is a Year 2 II Peret day 20 (Louvre C57) stela which ordered the provision of new endowments of food and priests for the temple of Ptah within the Egyptian fortress of Buhen. Jürgen von Beckerath observes that Ramesses I died just 5 months later—in June 1290 BC—since his son Seti I succeeded to power on III Shemu day 24.
  Ramesses I's only known action was to order the provision of endowments for the aforementioned Nubian temple at Buhen and "the construction of a chapel and a temple (which was to be finished by his son) at Abydos." The aged Ramesses was buried in the Valley of the Kings. His tomb, discovered by Giovanni Belzoni in 1817 and designated KV16, is small in size and gives the impression of having been completed with haste. Joyce Tyldesley states that Ramesses I's tomb consisted of a single corridor and one unfinished room whose "walls, after a hurried coat of plaster, were painted to show the king with his gods, with Osiris allowed a prominent position. The red granite sarcophagus too was painted rather than carved with inscriptions which, due to their hasty preparation, included a number of unfortunate errors."
  
  Seti I, his son and successor, later built a small chapel with fine reliefs in memory of his deceased father Ramesses I at Abydos. In 1911, John Pierpont Morgan donated several exquisite reliefs from this chapel to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.
  
  A mummy currently believed to be that of Ramesses I was stolen from Egypt and displayed in a private Canadian museum for many years before being repatriated. The mummy's identity cannot be conclusively determined, but is most likely to be that of Ramesses I, based on CT scans, X-rays, skull measurements and radio-carbon dating tests by researchers at Emory University, as well as aesthetic interpretations of family resemblance. Moreover, the mummy's arms were found crossed high across his chest, which was a position reserved solely for Egyptian royalty until 600 BC.
  
  The mummy had been stolen by the Abu-Rassul family of grave robbers and brought to North America around 1860 by Dr. James Douglas. It was then placed in the Niagara Museum and Daredevil Hall of Fame in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. The mummy remained there, its identity unknown, next to other curiosities and so-called freaks of nature for more than 130 years. When the owner of the museum decided to sell his property, Canadian businessman William Jamieson purchased the contents of the museum and, with the help of Canadian Egyptologist Gayle Gibson, identified their great value. In 1999, Jamieson sold the Egyptian artifacts in the collection, including the various mummies, to the Michael C. Carlos Museum at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, for US $2 million. The mummy was returned to Egypt on October 24, 2003, with full official honors and is on display at the Luxor Museum.
  
  === Founder of the Ramesside Dynasty of Egyp ===
  Founder of the Ramesside Dynasty of Egypt
  
  === !"Our Plafs Roots Are True" A Genealogy ===
  !"Our Plafs Roots Are True" A Genealogy of Kochert and Nieb Families, by Ethel Clift Philips, Published 1983. The information in the book is derived from church records of Rumbach and Family records. !Source is from "Neuhart Nobility", by Dennis Allen Kastens -1997 page 228. 1. General and Viceroy. Son of an Egyptian government office Seti. Ruled from 1376-1310.
  
  === Ramses I , founder of the 19th dynasty o ===
  Ramses I , founder of the 19th dynasty of Egyptian pharaohs, reigned for little more than a year, between 1320 and 1318 BC. Apparently chosen for succession by the last pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, Horemheb , in whose army he had been a commander, Ramses planned and started to build the colonnaded hall in the temple at Karnak
  
  === Pharoah of the Exodus ===
  Pharoah of the Exodus
  
  === 1 NAME Ramses I Pharaoh Of /Egypt/ !NOT ===
  1 NAME Ramses I Pharaoh Of /Egypt/ !NOTE: GEDCOM File : Corrie Hale Families 12-4-02.ged !MARRIAGE: GEDCOM File : Corrie Hale Families 12-4-02.ged !MARRIAGE: GEDCOM File : Corrie Hale Families 12-4-02.ged

1. Sety I Merenptah 2nd Pharaoh of 19th Dynasty, b. 1322 BC in Thebes, Luxor, Qinå, Egypt     d. 1278 BC (aged 44) in Thebes, Luxor, Qinå, Ancient Egypt

1. Title: Wikiwand: List of burials in the Valley of the Kings
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/List_of_burials_in_the_Valley_of_the_Kings#/East_Valley;
   Note: The following is a list of burials in the Valley of the Kings, in Thebes (modern Luxor in Egypt) and nearby areas. Egyptologists use the acronym KV (standing for "Kings' Valley") to designate tombs located in the Valley of the Kings. The system was established by John Gardner Wilkinson in 1821. Wilkinson numbered the 21 tombs known to him (some of which had been open since antiquity) according to their location, starting at the entrance to the valley and then moving south and east. Tombs that have been discovered since then have been allocated a sequential KV number (those in the Western Valley are known by the WV equivalent) in the order of their discovery. East Valley Most of the open tombs in the Valley of the Kings are located in the East Valley, and this is where most tourists can be found. Number Name Time Period Comments KV1 Ramesses VII 20th dynasty KV2 Ramesses IV 20th dynasty KV3 Unnamed son of Ramesses III 20th dynasty KV4 Ramesses XI 20th dynasty KV5 Sons of Ramesses II 19th dynasty With 120 known rooms and excavation work still underway, it is probably the largest tomb in the valley. KV6 Ramesses IX 20th dynasty KV7 Ramesses II 19th dynasty KV8 Merenptah 19th dynasty KV9 Ramesses V and Ramesses VI 20th dynasty Also known as the "Tomb of Memnon" or "La Tombe de la Métempsychose." KV10 Amenmesse 20th dynasty KV11 Ramesses III 20th dynasty Also referred to as "Bruce's Tomb," "The Harper's Tomb." KV12 Unknown 18th and 19th dynasty It was possibly used as a family tomb. KV13 Bay. Later Amenherkhepshef and Mentuherkhepshef 19th and 20th dynasty KV14 Twosret, later reused by Setnakhte 19th and 20th dynasty KV15 Seti II 19th dynasty KV16 Ramesses I 19th dynasty KV17 Seti I 19th dynasty Also known as "Belzoni's tomb," "the tomb of Apis," or "the tomb of Psammis, son of Necho." KV18 Ramesses X 20th dynasty KV19 Mentuherkhepshef 20th dynasty KV20 Thutmose I and Hatshepsut 18th dynasty KV21, KV26, KV27, KV28, KV29, KV31, KV33, KV37, KV44, KV59 Unknown New Kingdom The original owners of these tombs are unknown. KV30 Unknown 20th dynasty Known as "Lord Belmore's tomb." KV32 Tia'a 18th dynasty KV34 Thutmose III 18th dynasty KV35 Amenhotep II 18th dynasty Over a dozen mummies, many of them royal, were relocated here. KV36 Maiherpri 18th dynasty A noble from the time of Hatshepsut. KV38 Thutmose I 18th dynasty Probably prepared for this king by Thutmose III. KV39 Possibly the tomb of Amenhotep I 18th dynasty KV40 Tomb of King's Daughters and Sons 18th dynasty Burials date to the time of Amenhotep III. Later intrusive burials from the 22nd Dynasty are also present. KV41 Unknown 18th dynasty The tomb may have belonged to Queen Tetisheri? KV42 Queen Hatshepsut-Meryetre 18th dynasty KV43 Thutmose IV 18th dynasty KV45 Userhet 18th dynasty Tomb of a noble KV46 Yuya and Tjuyu 18th dynasty The parents of Queen Tiy. Until the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun, this was the best preserved tomb to be found in the Valley. KV47 Siptah 19th dynasty KV48 Amenemopet called Pairy 18th dynasty Tomb of a noble. KV49 Unknown 18th dynasty Tomb was possibly a store room. KV50,KV51, KV52 Unknown 18th dynasty Tombs contain animal burials, which were possibly the pets of Amenhotep II, whose tomb is nearby. KV53 Unknown New Kingdom KV54 Unknown 18th dynasty This was probably an embalming cache for the tomb of Tutankhamun. KV55 Smenkhkare/Akhenaten 18th dynasty This tomb might be another mummy cache, and once possibly contained the burials of several Amarna Period royals –Tiy and Smenkhkare/Akhenaten. KV56 Unknown 19th dynasty Known as the Gold Tomb, the original owner of this tomb is unknown. Items with names of Ramesses II, Seti II and Tawosret were found. KV57 Horemheb 18th dynasty KV58 Unknown 18th dynasty Known as "Chariot Tomb," the original owner of this tomb remains unknown. Gold foil contains names of Tutankhamun and Ay KV60 Sitre In 18th dynasty Royal nurse of Hatshepsut KV61 Unknown New Kingdom This tomb appears to have been unused. KV62 Tutankhamun 18th dynasty Perhaps the most famous discovery of modern Western archaeology was made here by Howard Carter on November 4, 1922, with clearance and conservation work continuing until 1932. Tutankhamun's tomb was the first royal tomb to be discovered that was still largely intact (although tomb robbers had entered it), and was for many years the last major discovery in the valley. The opulence of his grave goods notwithstanding, Tutankhamun was a rather minor king and other burials probably had more numerous treasures. Some members of the archaeological teams led by Carter and later archaeologists contracted local lethal viruses through food or animals (particularly insects), resulting in the infamous "Curse of the Pharaohs" modern legend. KV63 Unknown 18th dynasty The purpose of this tomb is currently unknown. KV64 Singer [the Lady] Nehmes Bastet 18th and 22nd dynasty An unexcavated tomb entrance, discovered in July 2008 The tomb was later excavated and was shown to have been used in the 18th as well as in the 22nd dynasty. The Lady Nehmesbastet lived during the 22nd dynasty. KV65 Unknown New Kingdom An unexcavated tomb entrance, discovered in July 2008 KVB – KVT Unknown New Kingdom These are non-burial pits, some of which may have been intended as tombs, others were probably funerary deposits. West Valley The numbering the West Valley follows in sequence to that of the East Valley, and there are only four known burials/pits in the valley. Number Name Time Period Comments WV22 Amenhotep III New Kingdom It has recently been investigated, but is not open to the public. WV23 Ay 18th dynasty The only tomb that is open to the public in the West Valley. WV24 Unknown WV25 Unknown This tomb may have been started as the Theban burial of Akhenaten, but it was never finished. WVA This was a storage chamber for Amenhotep III's tomb which was located nearby.
   
2. Title: Wikiwand: KV16
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/KV16;
   Note: Tomb KV16 is located in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt. It was used for the burial of Pharaoh Ramesses I of the Nineteenth Dynasty. The burial place was discovered by Giovanni Belzoni in October 1817. As Ramesses I ruled for less than two years, his sepulchre is rather truncated, being only twenty-nine metres long. It consists of two descending staircases, linking a sloping corridor and leading to the burial chamber. Like the tomb of Horemheb (KV57), the grave is decorated with the "Book of Gates." The sarcophagus, still in place in the final chamber, is constructed of red quartzite.
   
3. Title: Find a Grave: Ramses I
   Publication: Name: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/7260245;
   Note: Ramses I BIRTH unknown DEATH unknown BURIAL* Valley of the Kings Luxor, El Loʾṣor, Egypt Show Map * This is the original burial site MEMORIAL ID 7260245 Egyptian Pharaoh. Born in the mid 14th century B.C.E. near Avaris on the far side of the Nile Delta from where Alexandria stands today. He was not of royal blood, his father Seti was a troop commander and judge. His original name was Paramessu. He became vizier during the reign or Horemheb, successor to Tutankamun, and held many important titles. He ultimately became co-regent with Horemheb and succeeded him as Pharaoh under the name Ramses (Ra Has Fashioned Him). He was a strong military leader and had reliefs carved on the Second Pylon at Karnak. He began construction of a chapel and temple at Abydos which his son, Seti I, completed; reopened turquoise mines in the Sinai and led at least one military expedition into western Asia. He ruled Egypt's 19th Dynasty from about 1292 to 1290 BC. When his tomb, much smaller than the ones belonging to Seti I and Ramses II, was discovered in 1817, it had been robbed in ancient times and his mummy was also missing. The mummy was not found with the discovery of the Deir el-Bahari cache of royal mummies in 1881; the missing mummy was assumed to be Ramses I because an empty coffin bore that name. In the latter part of the 19th century, a mummy was legally sold out of Egypt which eventually found its way to the Niagara Falls Museum in Niagara Falls, New York. It lay there on display until 1998 when it was sold with other artifacts to the Carlos Museum at Emory University. Intensive research and the opinions of Egyptian experts led to this mummy being identified as Ramses I and it was returned with great ceremony to Egypt where it lies with Seti I, Ramses II (the Great) and other royal mummies in Cairo.
   
4. Title: Theban Mapping Project: Tomb Numbering Systems in the Valley
   Author: ATLAS Published or last modified on: August 23, 2002
   Publication: Name: https://web.archive.org/web/20070212090402/http://www.thebanmappingproject.com/articles/article_4.3.html;
   Note: The present numbering system for the sixty-two tombs in the Valley of the Kings was first established by John Gardiner Wilkinson in 1827 as part of his preparation of a map of Thebes. Wilkinson painted the numbers 1 through 21 at the entrances of the tombs that were then visible [10516, 10361]. The numbers were assigned geographically, from the entrance to the Valley southward. Since Wilkinson's day, tomb numbers have been assigned in chronological order of discovery, KV 62 (Tutankhamen) being the most recent. Wilkinson's is not the only system of tomb designation that has been used in the Valley. Several explorers assigned numbers, letters or descriptive labels to the tombs, as the accompanying chart indicates, but Wilkinson's is the only system still in use. Designations by Richard Pococke Current Pococke KV 1 A KV 2 B (plan A) KV 3 O (plan N) KV 6 N? KV 7 C KV 8 D (plan B) KV 9 E (plan C) KV 10 L (plan L) KV 11 K (plan K) KV 12 F KV 13 G? KV 14 H (plan G) KV 15 I (plan H) KV 18 M (plan M) Designations from the "Description" Current Description KV 1 Ier Tombeau à l'ouest KV 2 IIe Tombeau à l'ouest KV 3 Ier Tombeau à l'est KV 4 IIe Tombeau à l'est KV 5 Commencement d'excavation ou grotte bouchée KV 6 IIIe Tombeau a l'est KV 7 Commencement d'excavation ou grotte fermée KV 8 IIIe Tombeau à l'ouest KV 9 IVe Tombeau à l'ouest KV 10 Ive Tombeau à l'est KV 11 Ve Tombeau à l'est KV 13 Commencement d'excavation ou grotte fermée KV 14 Ve Tombeau à l'ouest KV 15 VIe Tombeau à l'ouest KV 18 Excavation commencée KV 20 Commencement de grotte taillée circulairement dans le rocher KV 22 Tombeau isolé de l'ouest Designations from Champollion Current Champollion KV 1 7 KV 2 13 KV 3 5 KV 6 12 KV 7 8 KV 11 1 KV 14 9 KV 15 10 KV 16 2 KV 17 3 KV 18 4 KV 19 11 Designations by James Burton Current Burton KV 1 O KV 2 N KV 3 P KV 4 Q KV 5 M KV 6 L KV 7 K KV 8 I KV 9 H KV 10 G KV 11 F KV 12 E KV 13 D KV 14 C KV 15 B KV 16 X KV 17 W KV 18 U, V KV 19 S KV 20 R KV 22 a KV 23 b Designations by Richard Lepsius Current Lepsius KV 1 1 KV 2 2 KV 3 3 KV 4 4 KV 5 5 KV 6 6 KV 7 7 KV 8 8 KV 9 9 KV 10 10 KV 11 11 KV 12 12 KV 14 14 KV 15 15 KV 16 16 KV 17 17 KV 18 18 KV 19 19 KV 20 20 KV 22 22 KV 23 23 Designations by Belzoni Current Belzoni KV 16 3 KV 17 6 KV 19 5 KV 21 4 KV 23 1 KV 25 2 KV 30 7 KV 31 7 Designations by Hay Current Hay KV 1 1 KV 2 2 KV 3 3 KV 4 4 KV 5 8 KV 6 9 KV 7 10 KV 8 14 KV 9 15 KV 10 16 KV 11 17 KV 12 18 KV 13 19 KV 14 20 KV 15 21 KV 16 11 KV 17 12 KV 18 13 KV 19 6 KV 20 7 KV 26 22 KV 30 23 KV 31 24 Other names Current Other KV 9 Tomb of Memnon, La Tombe de la Métempsychose KV 11 Bruce's Tomb, The Harper's Tomb KV 14 S KV 15 T KV 17 Belzoni's tomb, the tomb of Apis, the tomb of Psammis, son of Necho (Thomas Young) KV 22 WV 22, W. 1 KV 23 WV 23, W. 2, "Schai" KV 24 WV 24 KV 25 WV 25 KV 30 Lord Belmore's tomb KV 50 Animal Tomb KV 51 Animal Tomb KV 52 Animal Tomb KV 56 Gold Tomb KV 58 Chariot Tomb KV A WV A
   
5. Title: Wikiwand: Ramesses I
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Ramesses_I;
   Note: Menpehtyre Ramesses I (or Ramses) was the founding pharaoh of ancient Egypt's 19th dynasty. The dates for his short reign are not completely known but the time line of late 1292–1290 BC is frequently cited as well as 1295–1294 BC. While Ramesses I was the founder of the 19th dynasty, his brief reign mainly serves to mark the transition between the reign of Horemheb, who had stabilized Egypt in the late 18th dynasty, and the rule of the powerful pharaohs of his own dynasty, in particular his son Seti I, and grandson Ramesses II, who would bring Egypt to the height of its imperial power. Origins Originally called Pa-ra-mes-su, Ramesses I was of non-royal birth, being born into a noble military family from the Nile delta region, perhaps near the former Hyksos capital of Avaris. He was a son of a troop commander called Seti. His uncle Khaemwaset, an army officer, married Tamwadjesy, the matron of the Harem of Amun, who was a relative of Huy, the viceroy of Kush, an important state post. This shows the high status of Ramesses' family. Ramesses I found favor with Horemheb, the last pharaoh of the tumultuous Eighteenth dynasty, who appointed the former as his Vizier. Ramesses also served as the High Priest of Set – as such, he would have played an important role in the restoration of the old religion following the Amarna heresy of a generation earlier, under Akhenaten. Horemheb himself had been a nobleman from outside the immediate royal family, who rose through the ranks of the Egyptian army to serve as the royal adviser to Tutankhamun and Ay and, ultimately, Pharaoh. Since Horemheb had no surviving children, he ultimately chose Ramesses to be his heir in the final years of his reign presumably because Ramesses I was both an able administrator and had a son (Seti I) and a grandson (the future Ramesses II) to succeed him and thus avoid any succession difficulties. Upon his accession, Ramesses assumed a "prenomen," or royal name. When transliterated, the name is "mn-pḥty-rʿ," which usually is interpreted as Menpehtyre, meaning "Established by the strength of Ra." However, he is better known by his "nomen," or personal name. This is transliterated as "rʿ-ms-sw," and is usually realized as Ramessu or Ramesses, meaning "Ra bore him." Already an old man when he was crowned, Ramesses appointed his son, the later pharaoh Seti I, to serve as the Crown Prince and chosen successor. Seti was charged with undertaking several military operations during this time–in particular, an attempt to recoup some of Egypt's lost possessions in Syria. Ramesses appears to have taken charge of domestic matters: most memorably, he completed the second pylon at Karnak Temple, begun under Horemheb. Death Ramesses I enjoyed a very brief reign, as evidenced by the general paucity of contemporary monuments mentioning him: the king had little time to build any major buildings in his reign and was hurriedly buried in a small and hastily finished tomb. The Egyptian priest Manetho assigns him a reign of 16 months, but this pharaoh certainly ruled Egypt for a minimum of 17 months based on his highest known date which is a Year 2 II Peret day 20 (Louvre C57) stela which ordered the provision of new endowments of food and priests for the temple of Ptah within the Egyptian fortress of Buhen. Jürgen von Beckerath observes that Ramesses I died just 5 months later—in June 1290 BC—since his son Seti I succeeded to power on III Shemu day 24. Ramesses I's only known action was to order the provision of endowments for the aforementioned Nubian temple at Buhen and "the construction of a chapel and a temple (which was to be finished by his son) at Abydos." The aged Ramesses was buried in the Valley of the Kings. His tomb, discovered by Giovanni Belzoni in 1817 and designated KV16, is small in size and gives the impression of having been completed with haste. Joyce Tyldesley states that Ramesses I's tomb consisted of a single corridor and one unfinished room whose "walls, after a hurried coat of plaster, were painted to show the king with his gods, with Osiris allowed a prominent position. The red granite sarcophagus too was painted rather than carved with inscriptions which, due to their hasty preparation, included a number of unfortunate errors." Seti I, his son and successor, later built a small chapel with fine reliefs in memory of his deceased father Ramesses I at Abydos. In 1911, John Pierpont Morgan donated several exquisite reliefs from this chapel to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. Rediscovery and repatriation A mummy currently believed to be that of Ramesses I was stolen from Egypt and displayed in a private Canadian museum for many years before being repatriated. The mummy's identity cannot be conclusively determined, but is most likely to be that of Ramesses I based on CT scans, X-rays, skull measurements and radio-carbon dating tests by researchers at Emory University, as well as aesthetic interpretations of family resemblance. Moreover, the mummy's arms were found crossed high across his chest which was a position reserved solely for Egyptian royalty until 600 BC. The mummy had been stolen by the Abu-Rassul family of grave robbers and brought to North America around 1860 by Dr. James Douglas. It was then placed in the Niagara Museum and Daredevil Hall of Fame in Niagara Falls Ontario, Canada. The mummy remained there, its identity unknown, next to other curiosities and so-called freaks of nature for more than 130 years. When the owner of the museum decided to sell his property, Canadian businessman William Jamieson purchased the contents of the museum and, with the help of Canadian Egyptologist Gayle Gibson, identified their great value. In 1999, Jamieson sold the Egyptian artifacts in the collection, including the various mummies, to the Michael C. Carlos Museum at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia for US $2 million. The mummy was returned to Egypt on October 24, 2003 with full official honors and is on display at the Luxor Museum. In popular culture The 1956 motion picture "The Ten Commandments," directed by Cecil B. DeMille, depicts Ramesses I (portrayed by Ian Keith) as the pharaoh who orders the elimination of the first-born of every Hebrew slave family in Egypt, leading to the scenario of future prophet Moses being sheltered by Bithiah, who in the film is said to be the daughter of Ramesses I and sister of Seti I. In the 2000 animated musical film 'Joseph: King of Dreams,' by DreamWorks Animation, Ramesses I is depicted as the pharaoh who has his dreams interpreted by Joseph and who appoints Joseph to the office of Vizier when his foresight and administrative skills prevent Egypt from being ruined by famine.