Péter Orseolo-házi Magyar király

• Preferred Name: Péter Orseolo-házi Magyar király^{[1] [2]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Death: 1059. augusztus 30. in Székesfehérvár, Fejér, Hungary at LATI: N7.1939 LONG: E8.4243
  
• Burial: in Pécs, Baranya, Magyarország at LATI: N6.0754 LONG: E8.2313
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Title Peter Orseolo I, King Hungary with note: Data Standardization.
  
• FSID: GZWL-KD9
  
• Birth: 1010 in Venice, Venezia, Veneto, Italy at LATI: N5.4427 LONG: E2.3157
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Peter, King of Hungary was the son of unknown daughter Arpád.1 He died circa 1047.1
  He succeeded as the King Peter of Hungary in 1038.1 He was deposed as King of Hungary in 1041.1 He succeeded as the King Peter of Hungary in 1044.1 He was deposed as King of Hungary in 1046.1
  
  Peter
  
  Before 1038 Edit
  Peter was born in Venice, the only son of Doge Otto Orseolo.[2] His mother Grimelda was a sister of Stephen I, the first King of Hungary;[3] historian Gyula Kristó suggests that he w
  
  === W H Turton: The Plantagenet Ancestry P. ===
  W H Turton: The Plantagenet Ancestry P. 110

• m. 1056. május

1. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
   Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/HUNGARY.htm#PeterI;
   Note: PIETRO Orseolo ([Venice] [1010/15]- Székesfehérvár [30 Aug] [1060], bur Pécs, St Peter's Cathedral). Herimannus names "Petrum, sororis suæ [=Stephanus Ungariorum rex] filium, de Venetia natum" when recording his accession in 1038[348]. His maternal uncle declared him as heir to the throne of Hungary in 1037. He succeeded in 1038 as PÉTER King of Hungary. According to the Gesta Hungarorum, "regina…Kysla consilio iniquorum" installed "Petrum Venetum filium sororis suæ…cuius pater dux fuerat Venetorum" as king after her husband's death[349]. The Gesta states that King Péter treated "the nobles…with contempt and [devoured] the wealth of the land with a proud eye and an insatiable heart…and behaved with shameful and unbridled lust and that he was deposed in the third year of his reign" in favour of "comitem…Aba, sororium sancti regis Stephani"[350]. The Chronicon Posoniense records that "Petrus rex" was expelled in 1041 and replaced by "Abba"[351]. The Annalium Hildesheimensium records that King Péter was expelled and fled to Heinrich III King of Germany, while the Hungarians chose "Ovonem" as king[352]. King Péter was restored in 1044 with the help of the German king, whose troops invaded Hungary and defeated King Sámuel at Ménfö near Györ. The Gesta records that the Germans invaded Hungary and defeated King Aba at Ménfő, after which the latter fled towards the river Tisza and was strangled "in an old storeroom"[353]. The Chronicon Posoniense records that "Abba rex" was killed in 1044 and that "Petrus rex" was restored[354]. King Peter was obliged to swear allegiance to King Heinrich in 1045 which, combined with the arrival of increasing numbers of foreign advisers, did nothing to improve his popularity. The Gesta Hungarorum records a national revolt against King Péter after the return to Hungary of his cousins András and Levante, the slaughter of "Teutonicos et Latinos…præpositi…et abates" (implying that the revolt may have been pagan inspired), King Péter's flight to Moson, his arrest at a village near Székesfehérvár, his having survived being blinded, and his burial at Pécs[355]. The Chronicon Posoniense records that "Petrus rex" was blinded in 1047 and succeeded by "Andreas rex"[356]. The Annales Altahenses record the rebellion against King Péter and his being blinded[357]. According to the Hildesheim Annals, he was expelled from the country after he was blinded[358]. The Annales Magdeburgenses also record the expulsion of "Petrus Ungarariorum rex" after being captured and blinded[359]. The Annales Capituli Cracoviensis record the death of "Petrus rex Hungarie" in 1060[360]. The necrology of Regensburg St Emmeran records the death "III Kal Sep" of "Petrus Ungariorum rex" but does not mention the year[361]. It is hard to be certain about the year of King Péter's death. It does not appear, from the sources cited above, that he succumbed when he was blinded, although the Annales Altahenses are silent on the point. Apart from the report of his death in the Annales Cracoviensis, the only subsequent reference to ex-king Péter is the Annalista Saxo's record of his second marriage (see below) which, if correct, must have taken place after Jan 1055. The difficulty is the record of his burial in Hungary contained in the Gesta. Burial in his home country is consistent with his death soon after being blinded. It is difficult to imagine the authorities having arranged his body's repatriation for burial in Hungary after years of ignominious exile. m [firstly] TUTA [von Formbach, daughter of HEINRICH [Hesso] I Graf & his wife Himiltrud ---] (-14 Mar [after 1070]). "Tuta von Formbach" is shown as the wife of Péter King of Hungary in Europäische Stammtafeln[362]. No primary source has been identified which indicates either the marriage of King Péter to "Tuta" or Tuta's parentage. As shown below, there are late references to a "Queen Tuta" having founded the monastery of Suben (near Schärding in Upper Austria), one of which states that she was "queen of Hungary". No primary source has been found which links "Queen Tuta" with Tuta, joint founder of Vornbach monastery together with her sister Himiltrud, whose father "Hesso" is assessed by Wegener to have been the same person as Heinrich [I] [von Formbach]. Wegener says[363] that "Queen Tuta" was the second wife of Béla I King of Hungary, the marriage having taken place after the death of his first wife which he dates to "after 1052" (Europäische Stammtafeln suggests that King Béla's first wife died "after 1059"[364]). He bases his argument on connections with the monastery of Suben founded in 1040. He explains[365] that Archbishop Eberhard (von Sulzbach) names "Tuta" (in a document dated 1153, more than a century after the events) as "die Gründerin von Suben, Königin", and that in an even later document from the monastery she is called "Königin von Ungarn", although it cannot be concluded from these documents that she was queen at the date she founded the monastery. He then highlights a connection between possible descendants of King Béla's daughter Sophia (by her first husband Ulrich Marchese of Istria) and the same monastery which, he suggests, indicates that Sophia was the daughter of "Queen Tuta". The chronology of his argument is shaky as Sophia must have been born before [1050], when King Béla's known Polish wife appears still to have been alive. Who, then, was "Queen Tuta" and who was her husband? The existence of a "Queen Tuta" is confirmed by the necrology of Regensburg Monastery which records the death "IV Non Feb" of "Tuta regina"[366], although this gives no indication of the country involved or the date of her death. Assuming that Tuta was queen of Hungary, and that she lived during the mid-11th century, her possible husbands are King Péter, King Sámuel Aba, King András I and King Béla I. The last-named is unlikely, as shown above. His brother and predecessor, King András, is recorded as having married a Russian princess. This leaves King Sámuel and King Péter. Nothing is known of the wife of the former, but considering his probable date of birth it is likely that he was married before his accession in 1041, in which case his wife was most likely a Hungarian noblewoman. This leaves King Péter, a possibility which Wegener apparently ignores. There appears no factual basis for the speculation that "Queen Tuta" was the wife of King Péter, although the necrology of Regensburg St Emmeran which records her death also includes a reference to the death "III Kal Sep" of "Petrus Ungariorum rex"[367]. An alternative explanation for the Suben connection would be that Sophia was the daughter of King Péter and Tuta. However, contemporary political realities suggest that a prominent marriage for a daughter of the disgraced King Péter is unlikely. Until more information comes to light, it is safer to assume that Sophia was the daughter of King Béla and [Ryksa] of Poland, that another (so far unidentified) factor explains the apparent connection between Tuta and Sophia through Suben monastery, and that Tuta was the wife of King Péter. This last conclusion suggests that it is even less likely that Tuta's parentage was as suggested in Europäische Stammtafeln. If the marriage took place before Péter's accession, it is difficult to explain why the son of an ex-Doge of Venice (his father had been deposed in 1026) would marry the daughter of an obscure Bavarian noble. If the marriage occurred after Péter became king, it seems likely that his supporters would have been able to arrange a more prominent marriage for their new ruler, particularly as his sister was married to the Markgraf of Austria soon after his accession. In any case, as explained in the document BAVARIAN NOBILITY, proof that Heinrich [I] [von Formbach] had a daughter named Tuta seems shaky. It depends on the interpretation of two documents, the first of which is the Codex Traditionum of Formbach monastery which records a donation by "domna Himildrudis filia Hessonis"[368], and the second the same source which records a dispute with Suben monastery and names "due…sorores Touta et Himildrud…nobilissimis"[369]. The basis for assuming that "Hesso" is the same person as "Heinrich [I]" is unclear. No primary source has been identified which throws light on the year of Tuta's death. Assuming that her husband's second marriage as shown below is correct, Tuta must have died many years before the "after 1070" which is suggested by Europäische Stammtafeln[370]. m [secondly] (Apr 1055) as her second husband, JUDITH von Schweinfurt, widow of BŘETISLAV I Duke of the Bohemians, daughter of HEINRICH von Schweinfurt Markgraf auf dem Nordgau & his wife Gerberga [von Gleisberg] ([1010/15]-2 Aug 1058, bur Prague St Veit). According to the Annalista Saxo, Judith was expelled from Bohemia by her son Duke Spytihnĕv after his father's death and married "Petri regi Ungariorum" to spite her son[371]. The marriage is not mentioned in Wegener, although he refers cryptically to "Lui von Frizberg, I. Tuta Regina. II. Judith von Schweinfurt"[372].
   
2. Title: Wikipedia - Peter Orseolo
   Author: Primary sources[edit] Herman of Reichenau: Chronicle. In: Eleventh-century Germany: The Swabian Chronicles (selected sources translated and annotated with an introduction by I. S. Robinson) (2008); Manchester University Press; ISBN 978-0-7190-7734-0. Cosmas of Prague: The Chronicle of the Czechs (Translated with an introduction and notes by Lisa Wolverton) (2009). The Catholic University of America Press. ISBN 978-0-8132-1570-9. Simon of Kéza: The Deeds of the Hungarians (Edited and translated by László Veszprémy and Frank Schaer with a study by Jenő Szűcs) (1999). CEU Press. ISBN 963-9116-31-9. The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle: Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum (Edited by Dezső Dercsényi) (1970). Corvina, Taplinger Publishing. ISBN 0-8008-4015-1. Secondary sources[edit] Bartl, Július; Čičaj, Viliam; Kohútova, Mária; Letz, Róbert; Segeš, Vladimír; Škvarna, Dušan (2002). Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Slovenské Pedegogické Nakladatel'stvo. ISBN 0-8651
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter,_King_of_Hungary#First_rule_(1038–1041);
   Note: Peter the Venetian King of Hungary Reign 15 August 1038 – September 1041 Predecessor Stephen I Successor Samuel Reign 5 July 1044 – 30 August 1046 Predecessor Samuel Successor Andrew I Born 1011 Venice Died 30 August 1046[1] or 1059[1] (aged 35 or 48) Székesfehérvár, Hungary Burial Sts. Peter and Paul Cathedral, Pécs Spouse According to Cosmas :[1] Judith of Schweinfurt (m. 1055–1058) House Orseolo Father Otto Orseolo Mother Grimelda of Hungary Religion Roman Catholicism Peter Orseolo, or Peter the Venetian (Hungarian: Velencei Péter; 1010 or 1011 – 1046, or late 1050s), was King of Hungary twice. He first succeeded his uncle, King Stephen I, in 1038. His favoritism towards his foreign courtiers caused an uprising which ended with his 1041 deposition. Peter was restored in 1044 by Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor. He accepted the Emperor's suzerainty during his second reign, which ended in 1046 after a pagan uprising. Hungarian chronicles are unanimous that Peter was executed by order of his successor, Andrew I, but the chronicler Cosmas of Prague's reference to his alleged marriage around 1055 suggests that he may also have survived his second deposition. Life Before 1038 Peter was born in Venice, the only son of Doge Otto Orseolo.[2] His mother Grimelda was a sister of Stephen I, the first King of Hungary;[3] historian Gyula Kristó suggests that he was born in 1010 or 1011.[2] The Venetians rose up and deposed Otto Orseolo[4] in 1026.[2] Peter did not follow his father, who fled to the Byzantine court in Constantinople;[4][2] he instead went to Hungary, where his uncle appointed him commander of the royal army.[5] Emeric, Stephen's only son to survive infancy, died in an accident in 1031.[6] Stephen's cousin Vazul had the strongest claim to the throne, but the King overlooked him and named Peter as his heir.[7] On Stephen's order, Vazul was blinded shortly thereafter and his three sons – Levente, Andrew and Béla – exiled, which strengthened Peter's right of succession.[8][9] The King asked Peter to take an oath respecting the property of his wife, Queen Giselle, suggesting that Peter's relationship with his aunt was tense.[10] First rule (1038–1041) Peter succeeded King Stephen I, who died on 15 August 1038,[11] and adopted an active foreign policy.[6][12] Hungarian troops plundered Bavaria in 1039 and 1040, and invaded Bohemia in 1040 to assist Duke Bretislav I against Holy Roman Emperor Henry III.[13] Hungarian chronicles recount that Peter preferred the company of Germans ("who roared like wild beasts") and Italians ("who chattered and twittered like swallows"),[14] which made him unpopular among his subjects.[6][8] He introduced new taxes, seized Church revenue[6] and deposed two bishops.[15] Audaciously, Peter confiscated Queen Giselle's property and took her into custody.[6] She sought help from Hungarian lords, who blamed one of Peter's favorites (Budo) for the monarch's misdeeds and demanded that Budo be put on trial.[16] When the King refused, the lords seized and murdered his unpopular advisor[16] and deposed the monarch in 1041.[5] They elected a new king, Samuel Aba, who was a brother-in-law[17] or another nephew[6] of King Stephen I. As soon as he began to rule, Peter threw aside every trace of the forbearance befitting a monarch's majesty, and in consort with Germans and Latins raged with Teutonic fury, treating the nobles of the kingdom with contempt and devouring the wealth of the land "with a proud eye and an insatiable heart." Fortifications, castles, and every office in the kingdom was taken away from the Hungarians and given to Germans or Latins. In addition, Peter was extremely debauched, and his hangers-on behaved with shameful and unbridled lust, violently assaulting the wives and daughters of the Hungarians wherever the king travelled. No one at the time could feel sure of the chastity of his wife or daughter in the face of the importunity of Peter's courtiers. — Simon of Kéza: The Deeds of the Hungarians[18] Exile (1041–1044) Peter first fled to Austria,[5] seeking the protection of his brother-in-law, Margrave Adalbert.[16] He approached Emperor Henry III for help against Samuel Aba.[16] The new Hungarian monarch invaded Austria in February 1042, but Adalbert routed Aba's troops.[19] Henry III launched his first expedition against Hungary in early 1042.[20] His forces advanced north of the Danube to the river Garam (Hron, Slovakia).[20] The Emperor planned to restore Peter, but the locals were strongly opposed.[20] Accordingly, the Emperor appointed another (unnamed)[21] member of the Hungarian royal family to administer the territories.[20] The 1044 Battle of Ménfő In the autumn King Henry also invaded Hungary, destroyed Hainburg and Pressburg and either laid waste or received the surrender of the northern region of the Danube as far as the River Gran, because rivers and marshes protected the southern region. Part of the army twice encountered attacking Hungarians and wrought great slaughter. After the subjection of the Hungarians of that territory, since they refused to accept Peter, he installed for them as duke one of their number who was at that time in exile among the Bohemians. — Hermann of Reichenau: Chronicle[22] The Emperor returned to Hungary in the early summer of 1044,[5] and was joined in his advance by many Hungarian lords.[8] The decisive battle was fought on 5 June at Ménfő (near Győr), where Samuel Aba's forces were defeated.[8] Although Aba escaped from the battlefield, Peter's supporters soon captured and killed him.[5] Second rule (1044–1046) Following Samuel Aba's death, Emperor Henry entered Székesfehérvár[16] and restored Peter.[6][8] Peter introduced Bavarian law in his realm, which suggests that Hungary became an imperial fief.[16] He accepted the Emperor's suzerainty on Whitsun 1045, giving his royal lance to his overlord (who returned to Hungary).[8][23] A number of plots to overthrow Peter indicate that he remained unpopular.[9] Two of King Stephen I's maternal cousins (Bolya and Bonyha) conspired against Peter in 1045, but the King had them arrested, tortured and executed.[23] Bishop Gerard of Csanád invited Vazul's exiled sons to the country.[23] An uprising by pagan commoners ended Peter's second rule in 1046.[5] Peter planned to flee again to the Holy Roman Empire, but Vazul's son Andrew (who had returned to Hungary) invited him to a meeting at Székesfehérvár.[1] The deposed king soon realised that Andrew's envoys actually wanted to arrest him.[1] He fled to a fortified manor at Zámoly, but his opponent's supporters seized it and captured him three days later.[1] All 14th-century Hungarian chronicles attest that Peter was blinded, which caused his death.[1] However, the near-contemporary Cosmas of Prague relates that Judith of Schweinfurt, widow of Duke Bretislaus I of Bohemia who was expelled by her son, fled to Hungary and married Peter about 1055 "as an insult to" her son "and all the Czechs".[1][24] If the latter report is reliable, Peter survived the ordeal and died during the late 1050s.[1] He was buried in the cathedral of Pécs.[1] His original tomb was excavated in June 2019.[25] The following autumn the Hungarians remembered their former treachery and set up a certain Andreas as their king. They killed the many foreigners who had fought for King Peter; they inflicted various injuries on him and his wife and finally they deprived Peter of his eyes and sent him, together with his wife, to be kept in a certain place. At the same time many foreigners in that country were despoiled, exiled and killed. — Hermann of Reichenau: Chronicle[26] King Peter, seeing that the Hungarians had with one mind taken the part of Dukes Andreas and Levente, took flight with his [Germans] towards Musun, intending to cross from there into Austria, but he could not escape. For the Hungarians had been beforehand and had occupied the gateways and egresses of the kingdom; moreover the ambassador of Duke Andreas called King Peter back under the pretext of wishing to come to a peaceable and honourable agreement with him. Believing him, King Peter returned [...]. When he turned aside to the village of Zamur, the aforesaid ambassador wished to take him in an ambush and to bring him bound to Duke Andreas; but having knowledge of this, Peter took refuge in a mansion and defended himself bravely for three days. At last all his soldiers were killed by arrows and he himself was taken alive; he was blinded and brought to Alba, where in great pain he soon ended his life. — Illuminated Chronicle[27] Family The name and family of Peter's wife are unknown,[16] but Gyula Kristó suggests that she was of German origin.[16] Historians debate the validity of Cosmas of Prague's report of Peter's second marriage to the widowed Judith of Schweinfurt. Lisa Wolverton, the chronicle's translator, says that Cosmas misinterpreted his sources (which describe the marriage of Judith of Swabia to King Solomon of Hungary).[28] On the other hand, Kristó writes that Cosmas's report may suggest that Peter survived his blinding.[1] The following family tree presents Peter the Venetian's ancestors and his relatives who are mentioned in the article:[4][29]