Pankratios Taronites

• Preferred Name: Pankratios Taronites^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}
  
• Alternate Name: Bagrat III
  
• Gender: M
  
• Death: AFT 979
  
• Birth: ABT 930 in Taron, Turuberon, Greater Armenia at LATI: N0 LONG: E5 with note: Taron was a canton of the Turuberan province of Greater Armenia, roughly corresponding to the Muş Province of modern Turkey.[1]
  
• FSID: G3Z8-RK3
  
• Clan Name: with note: Description: House of Taronites and House of Mamikonians
  
• History+of+Taron,+Armenia: BET 967 AND 1189 in Taron, Turuberon, Greater Armenia at LATI: N0 LONG: E5 with note: Description: Upon the death of Ashot III in 967, his two sons, Grigor II (Gregory Taronites) and Bagrat III (Pankratios Taronites), ceded the principality to the Byzantine Empire in exchange for lands and noble titles. In Byzantium, probably along with other branches of their family already established there in previous decades, they formed the Taronites family, which was one of the senior Byzantine noble families during the 11th–12th centuries.[3] Under Byzantine rule, Taron was united with the district of Keltzene into a single province (theme), whose governor (strategos or doux) usually bore the rank of protospatharios. In the middle of the 11th century, it was united with the theme of Vaspurakan under a single governor. Following the Byzantine defeat in the Battle of Manzikert against the Seljuk Turks in 1071, an independent Armenian lord named Tornik seized power in Taron, with Muş as his capital. Tornik established a principality which held out as ruler of Taron until overrun by the Turks in 1189/90.[4]
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
  
  BAGRAT Taronites (-after 975). Cedrenus records that "Gregorius et Pancratius fratres germani…Taron" joined Emperor Nikeforos Phokas who invested them with "patricia dignitate", dated to [968/69] from the context[789]. Patrikios. A 14th century manuscript, preserved at the convent of St Stefanos in Thessaly, names Bagration and Gregorios as the two sons of "Taronites"[790]. Eustathios Romanos names Pancratios Taronites patrikios[791]. m HELENA Lekapene, daughter of MIKHAEL Lekapenos magistros & his wife --- ([940/45]-). Eustathios Romanos names Helena as wife of Pancratios Taronites[792]. Her parentage is confirmed by a 14th century manuscript, preserved at the convent of St Stefanos in Thessaly, which names Helena and Sophia as the two daughters of Mikhail magistros and adds that Helena married "Pankratio Taronites"[793]. Given the chronology of this family, Helena could not have been born much before [940]. Bagrat & his wife had one child:
  
  a) AGATHA Taronitissa . Her parentage is confirmed by a 14th century manuscript, preserved at the convent of St Stefanos in Thessaly, which names Agatha as daughter of "Pankratio Taronites" and his wife, and adds that she was mother of Theofano[794]. m ---. One child:
  
  i) THEOFANO . Her parentage is confirmed by a 14th century manuscript, preserved at the convent of St Stefanos in Thessaly, which names Agatha as daughter of "Pankratio Taronites" and his wife, and adds that she was mother of Theofano[795]. Eustathios Romanos names Theofano as granddaughter of Pancratios Taronites[796].

• m. AFT 975 in Constantinople, Anatolia, Byzantine Empire

1. Title: Wikipedia - Bagratuni Dynasty
   Author: Sources Garsoïan, Nina (1997). "The Arab Invasions and the Rise of the Bagratuni (640-884)". In Hovannisian, Richard G. (ed.). The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times. Vol. 1. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-10169-4. Hewsen, Robert H. (2001). Armenia: A Historical Atlas. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-33228-4. Russell, James R. (2004). Armenian and Iranian Studies. Harvard Armenian Texts and Studies. Vol. 9. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0935411195. Toumanoff, Cyril (1966). "Armenia and Georgia". The Cambridge Medieval History. Vol. IV. Cambridge. Toumanoff, Cyril (1963). Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Georgetown University Press. OCLC 505712128. Kurkjian, Vahan (1958). "The Bagratid Dynasty — The Bagratuni". A History of Armenia. Armenian General Benevolent Union of America.
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagratuni_dynasty;
   Note: Bagratuni Attributed Coat of Arms of House Bagratuni Parent house Orontid dynasty (possibly) Country Armenia Founded c. 300 AD Founder Smbat I Final ruler Gagik II (as King of Armenia) Titles King of Kings of Armenia and Iberia (Armenian: Շահնշահ Հայոց և Վրաց[1]) King of Armenia King of Artsakh King of Vaspurakan King of Syunik King of Lori King of Artsakh Prince of Vanand Prince of Taron Prince of Khachen Prince of Tayk Cadet branches Bagrationis Rubenids (possibly) Hasan-Jalalyan (indirectly) Kiurikians Part of a series on the History of Armenia Coat of Arms of Armenia The Bagratuni or Bagratid dynasty (Armenian: Բագրատունի, Armenian pronunciation: [bagɾatuni]) was an Armenian[2][3] royal dynasty which ruled the medieval Kingdom of Armenia from c. 885 until 1045. Originating as vassals of the Kingdom of Armenia of antiquity, they rose to become the most prominent Armenian noble family during the period of Arab rule in Armenia, eventually establishing their own independent kingdom.[4] Their domain included regions of the Kingdom of Armenia such as Shirak, Bagrevand,[5] Kogovit,[6] Syunik, Lori, Vaspurakan, Vanand and Taron.[7] Many historians, such as Cyril Toumanoff, Nicholas Adontz and Ronald Suny, consider them to be the progenitors of the Georgian royal Bagrationi dynasty.[8][9][10] Early history Main article: Origin of the Bagratid dynasties The name of "Bagratuni" is derived from Bagarat, a Parthian variant of the Old Iranian name Bagadata ("God-given").[11] A general of King Tigranes II of Armenia (r. 95 – 55 BCE) named Bagadates is believed to have been the earliest known member of the Bagratuni family,[12] which first emerged as nakharars—members of the hereditary nobility of Armenia—in the early 4th century.[10] The Arshakuni dynasty, which ruled Armenia from 52 to 428, granted the family heritable rights. The first Bagratuni prince identified by historian Cyril Toumanoff, Smbat I, lived at the time of the Armenian conversion to Christianity (c. 301-314).[13] Starting with Smbat, the Bagratunis held the hereditary titles of aspet, meaning "Master of the Horse" or the commander of the cavalry, and tagadir, which indicated their privilege of crowning Arshakuni kings upon their accession to the throne.[14] Their domain included the region of Sper in the Çoruh River valley of Upper Armenia, which was famous for its gold and silver, and Tayk. The medieval Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi claimed they had an ancestor, Smbat, who came to Armenia from Judea in 6th century BCE, but modern historians regard this as an invention to give a biblical origin to the family.[15] Toumanoff proposed instead that the Bagratunis were descended from the Orontids, the first identifiable ruling dynasty of ancient Armenia.[13] After the 7th-century Arab conquest of Armenia, members of the Bagratuni house often held the title of ishkhan (prince) of Armenia, although they were subordinate to a Muslim governor (ostikan) appointed by the caliphs.[4] The period of Arab rule in Armenia saw the decline of the power of the Mamikonians at the same time as the Bagratunis gained in prominence, as the Muslim governors favored the latter.[4] During the collapse of Umayyad rule in 748, the Bagratuni ishkhan Ashot III reluctantly joined with the other Armenian nobles in a revolt against Arab rule. Ashot was blinded on the orders of Grigor Mamikonian after trying to withdraw from the rebellion, which failed after Grigor's death in 749. Ashot "the Blind" was restored to nominal rule as ishkhan after the Abbasids reestablished Arab rule of Armenia in 750.[4] In 774-775 sparapet Smbat VII Bagratuni led the Armenian nobility in an unsuccessful revolt against the Abbasid Caliphate, although part of the Bagratuni house opposed the rebellion.[16] Smbat was killed at the Battle of Bagrevand along with Mushegh Mamikonian and many other Armenian nobles. After the failed rebellion, the Bagratunis lost control of their domains of Tmorik, Kogovit and their possessions in Vaspurakan, although their losses were less severe than those of the other Armenian noble families.[16] Smbat VII's son Ashot Msaker restored the fortunes of the dynasty in the 9th century by waging war against the local Arab emir while remaining loyal to the Abbasid caliphs. Ashot Msaker (re-)acquired a number of territories for the Bagratuni family, which were divided[by whom?] between two of his sons: Bagrat II, who received Taron and Sasun along with the new title "Prince of Princes" (ishkhan ishkhanats), and Smbat "the Confessor", who received the title sparapet and the holdings of Sper and Tayk.[4] Meanwhile, Ashot Msaker's uncle, Vasak, established himself in the Georgian region of Iberia; Vasak's grandson Ashot I became the first ruler of Iberia from the Bagratuni dynasty c. 813. This branch of the dynasty would rule as kings of Georgia for centuries as the Bagrationis.[4] Bagratids as rulers of Armenia Ashot I, nephew of Bagrat II, was the first member of the dynasty to rule as King of Armenia. He was recognized as prince of princes by the court at Baghdad in 861, which provoked war with local Arab emirs. Ashot won the war, and was recognized as King of the Armenians by Baghdad in 885. Recognition from Constantinople followed in 886. In an effort to unify the Armenian nation under one flag, the Bagratids subjugated other Armenian noble families through conquests and fragile marriage alliances. Eventually, some noble families such as the Artsrunis and the Siunis broke off from the central Bagratid authority, founding the separate kingdoms of Vaspurakan and Syunik, respectively.[17] Ashot III the Merciful transferred their capital to the city of Ani, now famous for its ruins. They kept power by playing off the competition between the Byzantine Empire and the Arabs.[citation needed] They assumed the Persian title of "King of Kings" (Shahanshah).[1] However, with the start of the 10th century and on, the Bagratunis broke up into different branches, fragmenting the kingdom in a time when unity was needed in the face of Seljuk and Byzantine pressure. The rule of the Ani branch ended in 1045 with the conquest of Ani by the Byzantines.[citation needed] The Kars branch of the family held out until 1064. The junior Kiurikian branch of the Bagratunis continued to rule as independent kings of Tashir-Dzoraget until 1118 and Kakheti-Hereti until 1104, and thereafter as rulers of smaller principalities centered on their fortresses of Tavush and Matsnaberd until the 13th century Mongol conquest of Armenia.[18] The dynasty of Cilician Armenia is believed to be a branch of the Bagratids, which later took the throne of an Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia. The founder, Ruben I, had an unknown relationship to the exiled king Gagik II. He was either a younger family member or kinsman. Ashot, son of Hovhannes (son of Gagik II), was later governor of Ani under the Shaddadid dynasty.[citation needed]
   
2. Title: Wikipedia - Bagratuni Family Tree
   Author: Cyril Tumanoff, Manuel de Généalogie et de Chronologie pour l'Histoire de la Caucasie Chrétienne (Arménie-Géorgie-Albanie) Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia René Grousset, Histoire de l'Arménie Archived 2015-12-01 at the Wayback Machine Continuité des élites à Byzance durant les siècles obscurs Suny, Ronald Grigor (1994), The Making of the Georgian Nation: 2nd edition, p. 27. Indiana University Press, ISBN 0-253-20915-3 Rapp, Stephen H. (2003), Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts, p. 383. Peeters Bvba ISBN 90-429-1318-5.
   Publication: Name: https://www.familysearch.org/photos/artifacts/156278599;
   Note: Bagratid kingdom of Armenia Bagratunis of Taron Sasuntzi Davith, the hero of Armenian epic poetry. According to one version, Ashot II and David Arkayik are the personages of creating him Taron (Turuberan) became a part of Bagratunis' domain in the beginning of the 9th century, when Ashot Msaker was Prince of Armenia (790–826). As a prince of Taron, he is counted as Ashot I (804–826). After his death, prince of princes, Bagrat, inherited Taron, the south of the domain, and Smbat, Ayrarat, which was the northern part. Bagrat was the second in the dynasty. Bagrat I was an aspet in the 4th century. However, in Taron, he was the first Bagrat, so he ruled as Bagrat I of Taron (826–851), because there were no Bagrats before him. His sons and grandsons ruled until 966. After, Taron became a part of Byzantine Empire.[citation needed] Previous seniors, princes of Taron, of the Mamikonian family, were strong in the region, even during the ruling of the last prince, Ashot III. They became relatives with the Bagratunis, and as a result of that, there were two more princes in Taron in his last days. They were Bagrat III and Grigor II, who were half-Mamikonians and half-Bagratunis. Later, the Tronite branch of the Bagratunis and Mamikonians became one family. Some of them ruled in Sasun (Tornikians) and the others in Moush (Taronites).[citation needed]
   
3. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
   Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/BYZANTINE%20NOBILITY.htm#BagratTaronitesdiedafter975;
   Note: BAGRAT Taronites (-after 975). Cedrenus records that "Gregorius et Pancratius fratres germani…Taron" joined Emperor Nikeforos Phokas who invested them with "patricia dignitate", dated to [968/69] from the context[789]. Patrikios. A 14th century manuscript, preserved at the convent of St Stefanos in Thessaly, names Bagration and Gregorios as the two sons of "Taronites"[790]. Eustathios Romanos names Pancratios Taronites patrikios[791]. m HELENA Lekapene, daughter of MIKHAEL Lekapenos magistros & his wife --- ([940/45]-). Eustathios Romanos names Helena as wife of Pancratios Taronites[792]. Her parentage is confirmed by a 14th century manuscript, preserved at the convent of St Stefanos in Thessaly, which names Helena and Sophia as the two daughters of Mikhail magistros and adds that Helena married "Pankratio Taronites"[793]. Given the chronology of this family, Helena could not have been born much before [940]. Bagrat & his wife had one child: a) AGATHA Taronitissa . Her parentage is confirmed by a 14th century manuscript, preserved at the convent of St Stefanos in Thessaly, which names Agatha as daughter of "Pankratio Taronites" and his wife, and adds that she was mother of Theofano[794]. m ---. One child: i) THEOFANO . Her parentage is confirmed by a 14th century manuscript, preserved at the convent of St Stefanos in Thessaly, which names Agatha as daughter of "Pankratio Taronites" and his wife, and adds that she was mother of Theofano[795]. Eustathios Romanos names Theofano as granddaughter of Pancratios Taronites[796].
   
4. Title: Wikipedia - Taron (Historic Armenia)
   Author: References[edit] ^ The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the Sixth to the Eighteenth Century By Agop Jack Hacikyan - Page 478 ^ John Mamikonean's - History of Taron ^ Kazhdan, Alexander (1991). "Taronites". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 2012–2013. ISBN 0-19-504652-8. ^ Jump up to: a b Garsoïan, Nina G. (1991). "Taron". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 2012. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taron_(historic_Armenia);
   Note: The expansion of the House of Mamikonians. Taron (Armenian: Տարօն; Western Armenian pronunciation: Daron; Greek: Ταρών, Tarōn; Latin: Taraunitis) was a canton of the Turuberan province of Greater Armenia, roughly corresponding to the Muş Province of modern Turkey.[1] Early Middle Ages The main source on the principality's history during the Early Middle Ages is the History of Taron, a relatively short "historical" romance in five parts, purporting to describe significant events occurring in the district of Taron during the Byzantine–Sassanid Wars when the Sassanid emperor was Khosrau II (590-628). During Khosrau's reign, Taron was frequently invaded by the Persians. The History describes the actions of five generations of Mamikonians (Taron's princely house), in defending and avenging the district. Each section or cycle of the story is devoted to the exploits of one of the defenders: Mushegh, Vahan, Smbat, his son Vahan Kamsarakan, and the latter's son Tiran. The heroes are at times superhumanly brave or duplicitous, wise or cunning, humble or bombastic, humane or brutally merciless as the situation requires. Above all, they are the holy warriors of St. Karapet (John the Baptist, their patron saint), and they zealously defend the Saint Karapet Monastery (Glakavank) as well as all the churches and Christians in the district. Much of the narration describes battles fought and the cunning tactics used by the Taronites to defeat the invading Iranians.[2] Later history With the death of Mushegh VI Mamikonian at the Battle of Bagrevand in April 775, and the eclipse of the Mamikonian from Armenian affairs, and following a conflict with the Jahhafids, Taron passed to Ashot Msaker of the Bagratuni family. His successors ruled Taron until 967: Ashot I Msaker (died 826), ca. 813–826, presiding prince of Armenia (as Ashot IV) from 806 Bagrat I (died after 851), 826–851, presiding prince of Armenia (as Bagrat II) after 830 Ashot II (ca. 835 – 878), after 851–878 David (ca. 840 – 895), 878–895 (brother of Ashot II) Gurgen (murdered 895/6), 895/6 (son of Ashot II) Taron seized by Ahmad ibn Isa al-Shaybani, 895/6–898 Grigor I (died 923/36), 898–923/936 (cousin of Gurgen) Bagrat II (died before 940) and Ashot III (died 967), 898–967 Upon the death of Ashot III in 967, his two sons, Grigor II (Gregory Taronites) and Bagrat III (Pankratios Taronites), ceded the principality to the Byzantine Empire in exchange for lands and noble titles. In Byzantium, probably along with other branches of their family already established there in previous decades, they formed the Taronites family, which was one of the senior Byzantine noble families during the 11th–12th centuries.[3] Under Byzantine rule, Taron was united with the district of Keltzene into a single province (theme), whose governor (strategos or doux) usually bore the rank of protospatharios. In the middle of the 11th century, it was united with the theme of Vaspurakan under a single governor. Taron also became a metropolitan see with 21 suffragan sees.[4] Following the Byzantine defeat in the Battle of Manzikert against the Seljuk Turks in 1071, an independent Armenian lord named Tornik seized power in Taron, with Muş as his capital. Tornik established a principality which held out as ruler of Taron until overrun by the Turks in 1189/90.[4]