Naram-Sin ben Manishtushu 4th King of the Akkadian Empire

• Preferred Name: Naram-Sin ben Manishtushu 4th King of the Akkadian Empire^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Dynasty:+Dynasty+of+Akkad: with note: Wikiwand: Naram-Sin of Akkad
  
• Death: 2218 BC in Egypt at LATI: N7 LONG: E0
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: M Naram-Sîn d'AKKADImprimir árvoreRoi d'Akkad (-2255--2218), Roi des Quatre Nations (-2255--2218), Dieu de la Terre , Roi de Kish (-2255--2218), Roi d'Uruk (-2255--2218), Roi d'Ur (-2255--2218), Roi d'Umma (-2255--2218), Roi de Lagash (-2255--2245)
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: 4th King of the Akkadian Empire (Predecessor: Manishtushu; Successor: Sharkalisharri)BET 2254 BC AND 2218 BC with note: Wikiwand: Naram-Sin of Akkad
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: King of Akkad, King of Sumer with note: Wikiwand: Naram-Sin of Akkad
  
• FSID: GQJL-MHZ
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Naram-Sin was a ruler of the Akkadian Empire, who reigned c. 2254–2218 BC, and was the third successor and grandson of King Sargon of Akkad. Under Naram-Sin the empire reached its maximum strength. He was the first Mesopotamian king known to have claimed divinity for himself, taking the title "God of Akkad," and the first to claim the title "King of the Four Quarters, King of the Universe." He was a son of Manishtushu and thus a nephew of King Rimush, and grandson of Sargon and Tashlultum. Naram-Sin's aunt was the High Priestess En-hedu-ana.
  
  Naram-Sin defeated Manium of Magan and various northern hill tribes in the Zagros, Taurus, and Amanus Mountains, expanding his empire up to the Mediterranean Sea and Armenia. His Victory Stele depicts his triumph over Satuni, chief of Lullubi in the Zagros Mountains. The king list gives the length of his reign as 56 years, and at least 20 of his year-names are known, referring to military actions against various places such as Uruk and Subartu. One unknown year was recorded as "the Year when Naram-Sin was victorious against Simurrum in Kirasheniwe and took prisoner Baba, the governor of Simurrum, and Dubul, the ensi of Arame." Other year-names refer to his construction work on temples in Akkad, Nippur and Zabala. He also built administrative centers at Nagar and Nineveh. At one point in his reign, much of the empire, led by Iphur-Kis from the city of Kish, rose in rebellion and was put down strongly.
  
  One Mesopotamian myth, a historiographic poem entitled "The curse of Akkad: the Ekur avenged," explains how the empire created by Sargon of Akkad fell and the city of Akkad was destroyed. The myth was written hundreds of years after Naram-Sin's life and is the poet's attempt to explain how the Gutians succeeded in conquering Sumer. After an opening passage describing the glory of Akkad before its destruction, the poem tells of how Naram-Sin angered the chief god Enlil by plundering the Ekur (Enlil's temple in Nippur.) In his rage, Enlil summoned the Gutians down from the hills east of the Tigris, bringing plague, famine and death throughout Mesopotamia. Food prices became vastly inflated, with the poem stating that 1 lamb would buy only half a "sila" (about 425 ml) of grain, half a "sila" of oil, or half a "mina" (about 250g) of wool. To prevent this destruction, eight of the gods (namely Inanna, Enki, Sin, Ninurta, Utu, Ishkur, Nusku and Nidaba) decreed that the city of Akkad should be destroyed in order to spare the rest of Sumer, and cursed it. This is exactly what happens, and the story ends with the poet writing of Akkad's fate, mirroring the words of the gods' curse earlier on:
  
  "Its chariot roads grew nothing but the 'wailing plant,'
  Moreover, on its canal boat tow paths and landings,
  No human being walks because of the wild goats, vermin, snakes, and mountain scorpions,
  The plains where grew the heart-soothing plants, grew nothing but the 'reed of tears,'
  Akkad, instead of its sweet-flowing water, there flowed bitter water,
  Who said 'I would dwell in that' found not a good dwelling place,
  Who said 'I would lie down in Akkad' found not a good sleeping place."
  
  These Gutian raids were indeed devastating, but it is unknown how badly they affected Sumer. Naram-Sin may have passed on his empire to his son Shar-Kali-Sharri more or less intact upon his death in c. 2219 BC, or he may have passed on little more than Akkad itself. The Gutians remained there for over 100 years before being replaced by the Ur III state as the dominant political power.
  
  Naram-Sin's Victory Stele depicts him as a god-king (symbolized by his horned helmet) climbing a mountain above his soldiers, and his enemies, the defeated Lullubi, led by their king Satuni. Although the stele was broken off at the top when it was stolen and carried off by the Elamite forces of Shutruk-Nakhunte, it still strikingly reveals the pride, glory and divinity of Naram-Sin. The stele seems to break from tradition by using successive diagonal tiers to communicate the story to viewers; however, the more traditional horizontal frames are visible on smaller broken pieces. It is six feet and seven inches tall, and made of pink limestone. The stele was found at Susa, and is now in the Louvre Museum. A similar bas-relief depicting Naram-Sin was found a few miles northeast of Diarbekr, at Pir Hüseyin.
  
  The inscription over the head of the king is in Akkadian and fragmentary, but reads:
  
  "Naram-Sin the powerful . . . . Sidur and Sutuni, princes of the Lulubi, gathered together and they made war against me."
  
  The second inscription, to the right over the mountainous cone, is in Elamite and was written about 1000 years later by king Shutruk-Nahhunte, who stole the stele and brought it to Elam.
  
  Among the known sons of Naram-Sin were his successor Shar-Kali-Sharri, Nabi-Ulmash, who was governor of Tutub, and a Ukin-Ulmash. Excavations at Tell Mozan (ancient Urkesh) brought to light a sealing of Tar'am-Agade, a previously unknown daughter of Naram-Sin, who possibly was married to an unidentified endan (ruler) of Urkesh.
  
  -- Wikiwand: Naram-Sin of Akkad

1. Title: Wikiwand: Naram-Sin of Akkad
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Naram-Sin_of_Akkad;
   Note: Naram-Sin also transcribed Narām-Sîn or Naram-Suen (Akkadian: "𒀭𒈾𒊏𒄠𒀭𒂗𒍪": "Na-ra-am DSîn," meaning "Beloved of the Moon God Sîn," the "𒀭" being a silent honorific for "Divine"), was a ruler of the Akkadian Empire, who reigned c. 2254–2218 BC, and was the third successor and grandson of King Sargon of Akkad. Under Naram-Sin the empire reached its maximum strength. He was the first Mesopotamian king known to have claimed divinity for himself, taking the title "God of Akkad," and the first to claim the title "King of the Four Quarters, King of the Universe." Biography Naram-Sin was born as a son of Manishtushu. He was thus a nephew of King Rimush and grandson of Sargon and Tashlultum. Naram-Sin's aunt was the High Priestess En-hedu-ana. Children Among the known sons of Naram-Sin were his successor Shar-Kali-Sharri, Nabi-Ulmash, who was governor of Tutub, and a Ukin-Ulmash. Excavations at Tell Mozan (ancient Urkesh) brought to light a sealing of Tar'am-Agade, a previously unknown daughter of Naram-Sin, who was possibly married to an unidentified endan (ruler) of Urkesh. Reign Naram-Sin defeated Manium of Magan, and various northern hill tribes in the Zagros, Taurus, and Amanus Mountains, expanding his empire up to the Mediterranean Sea and Armenia. His "Victory Stele" depicts his triumph over Satuni, chief of Lullubi in the Zagros Mountains. The king list gives the length of his reign as 56 years, and at least 20 of his year-names are known, referring to military actions against various places such as Uruk and Subartu. One unknown year was recorded as "the Year when Naram-Sin was victorious against Simurrum in Kirasheniwe and took prisoner Baba the governor of Simurrum, and Dubul the ensi of Arame." Other year names refer to his construction work on temples in Akkad, Nippur, and Zabala. He also built administrative centers at Nagar and Nineveh. At one point in his reign much of the empire, led by Iphur-Kis from the city of Kish rose in rebellion and was put down strongly. The Curse of Akkad Victory Stele of Naram-Sin, c. 2230 BC. It shows him defeating the Lullibi, a tribe in the Zagros Mountains, and their king Satuni, trampling them and spearing them. Satuni, standing right, is imploring Naram-Sin to save him. Naram-Sin is also twice the size of his soldiers. In the 12th century BC it was taken to Susa, where it was found in 1898. Victory Stele of Naram-Sin, c. 2230 BC. It shows him defeating the Lullibi, a tribe in the Zagros Mountains, and their king Satuni, trampling them and spearing them. Satuni, standing right, is imploring Naram-Sin to save him. Naram-Sin is also twice the size of his soldiers. In the 12th century BC it was taken to Susa, where it was found in 1898. One Mesopotamian myth, a historiographic poem entitled "The curse of Akkad: the Ekur avenged," explains how the empire created by Sargon of Akkad fell and the city of Akkad was destroyed. The myth was written hundreds of years after Naram-Sin's life and is the poet's attempt to explain how the Gutians succeeded in conquering Sumer. After an opening passage describing the glory of Akkad before its destruction, the poem tells of how Naram-Sin angered the chief god Enlil by plundering the Ekur (Enlil's temple in Nippur.) In his rage, Enlil summoned the Gutians down from the hills east of the Tigris, bringing plague, famine and death throughout Mesopotamia. Food prices became vastly inflated, with the poem stating that 1 lamb would buy only half a sila (about 425 ml) of grain, half a sila of oil, or half a mina (about 250g) of wool. To prevent this destruction, eight of the gods (namely Inanna, Enki, Sin, Ninurta, Utu, Ishkur, Nusku, and Nidaba) decreed that the city of Akkad should be destroyed in order to spare the rest of Sumer and cursed it. This is exactly what happens, and the story ends with the poet writing of Akkad's fate, mirroring the words of the gods' curse earlier on: "Its chariot roads grew nothing but the 'wailing plant,' Moreover, on its canalboat towpaths and landings, No human being walks because of the wild goats, vermin, snakes, and mountain scorpions, The plains where grew the heart-soothing plants, grew nothing but the 'reed of tears,' Akkad, instead of its sweet-flowing water, there flowed bitter water, Who said 'I would dwell in that' found not a good dwelling place, Who said 'I would lie down in Akkad' found not a good sleeping place." Gutian Incursions These Gutian raids were indeed devastating, but it is unknown how badly they affected Sumer. Naram-Sin may have passed on his empire to his son Shar-Kali-Sharri more or less intact upon his death in c. 2219 BC, or he may have passed on little more than Akkad itself. The Gutians remained there for over 100 years before being replaced by the Ur III state as the dominant political power. Victory stele Main article: Victory Stele of Naram-Sin Naram-Sin's Victory Stele depicts him as a god-king (symbolized by his horned helmet) climbing a mountain above his soldiers, and his enemies, the defeated Lullubi led by their king Satuni. Although the stele was broken off at the top when it was stolen and carried off by the Elamite forces of Shutruk-Nakhunte, it still strikingly reveals the pride, glory, and divinity of Naram-Sin. The stele seems to break from tradition by using successive diagonal tiers to communicate the story to viewers, however the more traditional horizontal frames are visible on smaller broken pieces. It is six feet and seven inches tall, and made from pink limestone. The stele was found at Susa, and is now in the Louvre Museum. A similar "bas-relief" depicting Naram-Sin was found a few miles northeast of Diarbekr, at Pir Hüseyin. The inscription over the head of the king is in Akkadian and fragmentary, but reads: "Naram-Sin the powerful . . . . Sidur and Sutuni, princes of the Lulubi, gathered together and they made war against me." — Akkadian inscription of Naram-Sin. The second inscription, to the right over the mountainous cone, is in Elamite and was written about 1000 years later by king Shutruk-Nahhunte, who stole the stele and brought it to Elam. Children Among the known sons of Naram-Sin were his successor Shar-Kali-Sharri, Nabi-Ulmash, who was governor of Tutub, and a Ukin-Ulmash. Excavations at Tell Mozan (ancient Urkesh) brought to light a sealing of Tar'am-Agade, a previously unknown daughter of Naram-Sin, who was possibly married to an unidentified endan (ruler) of Urkesh.
   
2. Title: Louvre: The art of the seals of the Akkad Empire Around 2350 - 2200 BC
   Author: Don H. de Boisgelin 1967. Former De Clercq collection Department of Oriental Antiquities AO 22303
   Publication: Name: http://cartelfr.louvre.fr/cartelfr/visite?srv=car_not_frame&idNotice=12067;
   Note: The art of the seals of the Akkad Empire Around 2350 - 2200 BC The Semitic kings of Akkad, by founding the first "universal" empire, took over the plastic arts as an instrument of their ideology. The seal engraver workshops they sponsored created a new style by organizing the traditional animal decor around the inscription, taken as the center of the composition. And the figures received a more sculptural aspect. On the other hand, a new repertoire was created in order to illustrate a rich mythology, modeled on the order of the world as it is renewed each year in an eternal return. The pantheon is reduced to a few figures recognizable by their horned tiaras and their attributes, symbolic of the elements of the world: the god of the abyss of water that gushes from his body and from a small vase. It is the father and the head of the pantheon, who presides without acting. The great mother goddess is responsible for fertility and fertility. The young flame-adorned god personifies the sun as well as the powers of renewal in general. His image resembles that of the victorious king. The god of vegetation is recognizable by the branches that grow from his body like the trunk of a tree. The order of the world is presented either as a monarchy, with a god enthroned alone, or as the fruit of the marriage of a divine couple. More often, it is conceived in a dramatic way, either as the combined action of several specialized gods, or as a combat in which the sun god generally triumphs. Ea's sidekick hero watering buffaloes diorite Their horns frame a cartridge inscribed: "The divine Sharkalisharri, king of Akkad. Ibni-sharrum, the scribe, (is) his servant."
   
3. Title: Wikiwand: Victory Stele of Naram-Sin
   Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
   Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Victory_Stele_of_Naram-Sin;
   Note: The Victory Stele of Naram-Sin is a stele that dates to approximately 2254-2218 BC, in the time of the Akkadian Empire, and is now in the Louvre in Paris. The relief measures six feet in height and was carved in pink limestone. It depicts the King Naram-Sin of Akkad leading the Akkadian army to victory over the Lullubi, a mountain people from the Zagros Mountains. It shows a narrative of the King crossing the steep slopes into enemy territory; on the left are the ordered imperial forces keeping in rank while marching over the disordered defenders that lie broken and defeated. Naram-Sin in shown as by far the most important figure; he is shown towering over his enemy and troops and all eyes gaze up toward him. The weak and chaotic opposing forces are shown being thrown from atop the mountainside, impaled by spears, fleeing and begging Naram-Sin for mercy as well as being trampled underfoot by Naram-Sin himself. This is supposed to convey their uncivilized and barbaric nature making the conquest justified. The stele is unique in two regards. Most conquest depictions are shown horizontally, with the King being at the top-center. This stele depicts the victory in a diagonal fashion with the King still being at the top-center but where everyone else can look up to him. The second unique aspect of the piece is that Naram-Sin is shown wearing a bull-horned helmet or shown as the face of lion. Helmets of this type at the time when this stele was commissioned were only worn by the Gods. This stele is in essence telling the viewer that Naram-Sin is a victorious conqueror as a result of his divine status. But it also shows Naram-Sin gazing up toward two stars. Showing that although Naram-Sin is a god, a feat that was up to this point only achieved by deceased kings, he is still not the most powerful of gods. Rediscovery The stele is believed to originally be from Sippar, but was found at the Iranian site of Susa. It was taken out of Mesopotamia by the Elamite King Shutruk-Nakhunte in the 12th century BC. Shutruk-Nakhunte was a descendant of the Lullubi people, whose defeat the stele commemorated. He also claimed to carry the stele there himself. The already ancient inscription was kept, indicating respect for Naram-Sin's victory. He did, however, add an inscription declaring his own glory and tells how the stele was carried out of the city after the pillage of the city Sippar. In 1898, Jacques de Morgan, a French archaeologist, excavated the stele and it was moved to the Louvre in Paris where it remains today. Inscriptions The inscription over the head of king Naram-Sin is in Akkadian language and script and fragmentary, but reads: "Naram-Sin the powerful . . . . Sidur and Sutuni, princes of the Lulubi, gathered together and they made war against me." — Akkadian inscription of Naram-Sin The second inscription, to the right over the mountainous cone, is in Elamite and was written about 1000 years later by Shutruk-Nahhunte who took the stele and brought it with him to Elam: "I am Shutruk-Nahhunte, son of Hallutush-Inshushinak, beloved servant of the god Inshushinak, king of Anshan and Susa, who has enlarged the kingdom, who takes care of the lands of Elam, the lord of the land of Elam. When the god Inshusinak gave me the order, I defeated Sippar. I took the stele of Naram-Sin and carried it off, bringing it to the land of Elam. For Inshushinak, my god, I set it as an offering." — Elamite inscription of Shutruk-Nahhunte on the victory stele of Naram-Sin. Narrative Naram-Sin is shown as a god-like figure on the stele. Naram-Sin is wearing the horned helmet showing his god-like status, and authority. He is supported by his ordered troops and feared by his defeated enemies. His face is that of lion or bull, signifying his powers. He is also depicted by showing no mercy to his enemy. One of the defeated people pleas for their lives on the top right as they run from Naram-Sin. This is for good reason because he is shown stepping on the dead body of one of the Lullubi people after kicking another off the side of the mountain. He has stabbed another in the neck with a spear and is holding an arrow to perhaps impale the next. The Lullubi people are shown in stark contrast to the Akkadian soldiers they are shown as a disorganized chaotic mess of individuals being trampled underfoot by the very organized Akkadians. A tree native to the area is pictured between the two groups of soldiers, firstly to locate the battle in a specific place, and to help frame the stele. The Lullubi grovel before the conqueror who has destroyed them and will show no mercy. They are depicted as a broken group lacking discipline, conveying their uncivilized and barbaric nature, which in turn justified the conquest. They were seen as uncivilized and barbaric and the much stronger Akkadians deserve to rule over them. It is also there to strike fear into the hearts of any rebels that wish to challenge the rule of the King. This shows his lack of mercy and that any resistance is futile. When a figure is shown wearing a horned helmet in Akkad at the time they would commonly considered a god. Here Naram-Sin is wearing just such a helmet and shows the viewer that Naram-Sin is in fact a god-king. Divinity is further represented in the three sun-stars pictured above the mountain top. Although there are indeed three stars, only two can be seen due to the fact that the stele was damaged at some point in its existence, effectively removing the third star. The sun-stars consist of a series of eight point stars which have flames radiating between the points. These are meant to represent the Assyrian god, Shamash, watching over the battle between the Akkadians and Lullubi people. The low depth, typical of similar reliefs, is unusual in the diagonal composition (compare the scenes on the Standard of Ur). This was perhaps to create a more interesting composition or to perhaps allow everyone depicted in the scene to look up to Naram-Sin. Naram's horned helmet and much larger size show him as powerful and godly. Perhaps given his divine and godly power, the sun could have been the god to give him his power. The text under the sun was written in Akkadian cuneiform and depicts the rise of the Akkadians over the Lullubians. Naram-Sin leading his army into destroying the last of the Lullubians shows just how powerful the Akkadians and Naram-Sin truly are and they are not a group to reckon with. Naram-Sin thought of himself as godly, which explains his depiction as very god-like. Alternatively, the stele may depict a campaign to Cilicia; the strongest indication of this is the form of the booty—a metal vessel—carried by one of Naram-Sin's soldiers. Completely foreign to Mesopotamia, the vessel closely resembles Anatolian crafts from Troy and Cilicia. These vessels—ceramic or metal—were produced during the Early Bronze III Period, which is around the time of Naram-Sin's rule.
   
4. Title: Geneanet > foullon: Naram-Sin, son of Man-Ishtishu, King of Agade, of Akkad
   Publication: Name: http://gw.geneanet.org/foullon?lang=fr;pz=matheline+marie+herminia;nz=foullon;ocz=0;p=naram+sin+fils+de+man+ishtishu+roi+d+agade;n=d+akkad;
   Note: Naram-Sin, son of Man-Ishtishu, King of Agade, of AkkadPrint your treeSosa: 1,715,267,675 342,043,811,993,878,800 Born - Reign 56years Parents Manishtusu or Manshtu, the oldest son of Sargon, King of Agade D'Akkad , born - Reign 15 years Married with Shubhadranna, Princess of the Pandavas, Queen of Agade, From the Indus Union (s), child (ren) , grandchildren and great grandchildren Married to Sunmarrat, princess of AWAN (from the plateau of Elam, Iran), daughter of Khita, Queen of Agade, D'Awan (Parents: H Khita, King of Awan, D'Awan & F ?? ) Including H Shar-kali-sharri (Binganiarali), son of Naram-Sin, King of Agade, D'Akkad Married to Tua-Shar-Ibbish, Princess of Akkad, Queen of Agade, D'Akkad with H Dudu, Roi d'Agade, D'Akkad Married to Ne, daughter of Gomyr, D'Ur with: H Shu-Durul, son of Dudu, King of Agade, D'Akkad H Bin-Kali-Sharri or Bingani-Ar-Ali of AKKAD, D'Akkad Married to ? ? whose H Bar-Nebo-Az-Beli d'AKKAD, D'Akkad Married to ? ? whose : H Aram-Madara of BABYLON, 1st King of Babylon, Of Babylon H Lipit-Ili, Governor of Marad, D'Akkad H Nabi-Ulmash, Governor of Tutu, D'Akkad Married to ? ? whose F Lippush-ja'um, Princess of the Empire author of the song of Lamentations of Sin, D'Akkad H Akkad Ukkin-Ulmash F Enmenanna, High Priestess of Sin to Ur, D'Akkad H Akat's Simat-Ulmash F Shumshani, Priestess of Shamash in Sippar, D'Akkad F Tutar-Napshum, High Priestess of Enlil in Nippur, D'Akkad Brothers and sisters H Meshalim D'Akkad Tree overview Pedigree Tree Descendancy Tree The Akkadie-Mesopotamia Album Azupirana (High-Priestess) of KISH Pretresse d'Azupiranu du Safran, De Kich Ur-Zababa de Kish, De Kish ? ? Abhimanyu, Prince of the Pandavas, From the Indus Uttara DE LA MAHABHARATA, De la Mahābhārata | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | | | Sarru-Kim or Sargon, gardener, Echanson, founder of the Empire of Agadé or Akkad and first of the Kings-Emperors with the Dynasty of Agade, of Akkad Tashlultum, Princess of Kish, Queen Empress, De Kish King Parikshit of the Pandavas, From the Indus Madravati Parikshit DES PANDAVAS, From Indus | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | | Manishtusu or Manshtu, the oldest son of Sargon, King of Agade of Akkad Shubhadranna, Princess of the Pandavas, Queen of Agade, From the Indus | 2 | 3 | Naram-Sin, son of Man-Ishtishu, King of Agade, of Akkad