Thomas de Grey

• Preferred Name: Thomas de Grey^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]}
  
• Alternate Name: Thomas De Grey II
  
• Alternate Name: Thomas of Heaton
  
• Gender: M
  
• MilitaryService: Siege of Stirling Castle1304 with note: this is the military record of Thomas Grey I as Thomas Grey II would be 13 or 14 yrs. old at the time.
  
• MilitaryService: Capture of Berwick1318
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Sir Knight
  
• MilitaryService: Invasion of England1326
  
• Occupation: Keeper of Norham Castle
  
• MilitaryService: Battle of Bannockburn1314
  
• FSID: GC3X-CYJ
  
• MilitaryService: Siege of Norham1322
  
• LdsSealingToParents: 4 JUN 1947 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• Burial: 12 MAR 1344 in Chillingham, Northumberland, England, United Kingdom at LATI: N5.5276 LONG: E1.9061 with note: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QK1Z-G5GD : 16 December 2021), Thomas Grey, ; Burial, Norham, Northumberland Unitary Authority, Northumberland, England, St. Cuthbert's Churchyard; citing record ID 142812582, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Sir
  
• LdsEndowment: 10 SEP 1945 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• Occupation: Deputy Constable of Berwick-upon-Tweed
  
• LdsBaptism: 1 FEB 1945 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• Occupation: Constable of Norham Castle
  
• Fact: with note: Description: https://www.geni.com/people/Sir-Thomas-de-Grey-of-Heaton/6000000007087905002?through=6000000003269484862
  
• Occupation: Warden of Cupar Castle
  
• Title (Nobility): with note: Description: Sir Knight
  
• Find A Grave: with note: Description: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/142812582/thomas-grey
  
• Life Sketch: with note: Description: Sir Thomas Grey (d. pre-Mar 1344) of Heaton Castle in the parish of Cornhill-on-Tweed, Northumberland, was a soldier who served throughout the Wars of Scottish Independence. His experiences were recorded by his son Thomas Grey in his chronicles, and provide a rare picture of the day to day realities of the Wars. His career, blemished by his suicidal charge at the Battle of Bannockburn, a contributing factor to the devastating English defeat, is perhaps best known for his role in the tale of Sir William Marmion the chivalric knight of Norham Castle. «b»Career and Life Early life«/b» Thomas was serving under William de Hesilrig, Sheriff of Clydesdale as early as 1297. Following William Wallace's nighttime assassination of the Sheriff at Lanark, Gray was left for dead, stripped naked in the snow. He only survived because of the heat from the houses burning around him and was rescued the next day and his wounds healed. Thomas was knighted before September 1301 and served with the King's Lieutenant for Scotland, Patrick IV, Earl of March at Ayr. In May 1303 Sir Thomas found himself under the command of Hugh de Audley encamped at Melrose Abbey when they were attacked at night by a much larger force led by John Comyn. Grey was beaten to the floor and taken prisoner but most of his comrades were slain. «b»Siege of Stirling Castle (1304) «/b»Edward I had captured most of Scotland by April 1304 and embarked upon a nineteen-week siege of the last significant uncaptured fortress at Stirling Castle using twelve siege engines which included the massive trebuchet called "Warwolf". Thomas Grey fought at the siege under the command of Henry de Beaumont, jure uxoris 4th Earl of Buchan. A hook thrown from a siege machine ensnared de Beaumont one day, and was about to haul him to his death upon the castle walls, when Thomas freed him in the nick of time and dragged him to safety. Just as Thomas had performed this act of bravery he was struck in the head by a large bolt fired from a springald (a large multi-man crossbow) just below his eyes. He collapsed to the ground lifeless and preparations for a quick burial were made. Just as the funeral ceremony started, Thomas suddenly stirred and opened his eyes, much to the astonishment of the funeral party. He subsequently staged a full recovery. It is from this event that Thomas Grey perhaps adopted a ram's head as the crest of his coat of arms as a light-hearted reference to his thick skull. Thomas became closer to the Beaumont family, who were kinsmen of both the King and Queen, and was drawn into court life. In 1305 Grey acted as attorney for Henry de Beaumont's sister Isabella de Vesci. In December 1307 Thomas took custody of Robert Bruce's sister Christina following the execution of her husband Christopher Seton for his part in the murder of John Comyn, Guardian of Scotland. «b»Ambush at Cupar Castle (1308)«/b» Upon the death of Edward I he was succeeded by his son Edward II and Sir Thomas Grey attended the coronation at Westminster Palace in February 1308. As Thomas returned to Cupar Castle, of which he was the then Warden, he was ambushed by Walter de Bickerton, a supporter of Bruce. Thomas was heavily outnumbered, having only twenty six men at arms compared to the four hundred men commanded by Bickerton. Deciding that he could not avoid the ambush he decided to charge the heart of Bickerton's men using lance and the shock of his horse to down many of the enemy. Seeing the success of his aggression he was joined by his men at arms and together they succeeded in overthrowing many of the enemy and stampeded their horses. Before starting the charge, Thomas had instructed his grooms to follow at a distance carrying a battle standard. As they came into view of Bickerton's confused men they mistook the grooms for another formation of soldiers and took flight. Grey and his men drove one hundred and eighty of Bickerton's abandoned horses to his castle as booty. «b»Battle of Bannockburn (1314)«/b» Sir Thomas' lack of discipline at the Battle of Bannockburn was undoubtedly the low point of his career but he was not alone and the English defeat is often recognised as being caused by both poor leadership by Edward II and hot-headedness. On the first day of the battle Thomas was in one of the two cavalry forces alongside Robert Clifford and Henry de Beaumont. The Scalacronica's account of events follows; Robert Lord de Clifford and Henry de Beaumont, with three hundred men-at-arms, made a circuit upon the other side of the wood towards the castle, keeping the open ground. Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray, Robert de Brus's nephew, who was leader of the Scottish advanced guard, hearing that his uncle had repulsed the advanced guard of the English on the other side of the wood, thought that he must have his share, and issuing from the wood with his division marched across the open ground towards the two afore-named lords. Sir Henry de Beaumont called to his men: "Let us wait a little; let them come on; give them room". "Sir," said Sir Thomas Gray, "I doubt that whatever you give them now, they will have all too soon". "Very well" exclaimed the said Henry, "if you are afraid, be off". "Sir," answered the said Thomas, "it is not from fear that I shall fly this day." So saying, he spurred in between Beaumont and Sir William Deyncourt and charged into the thick of the enemy. William was killed, Thomas was taken prisoner, his horse being killed on the pikes, and he himself carried off with the Scots on foot when they marched off, having utterly routed the squadron of the said two lords. Some of the English fled to the castle, others to the king's army, which having already left the road through the wood had debouched upon a plain near the water of Forth beyond Bannockburn, an evil, deep, wet marsh, where the said English army unharnessed and remained all night, having sadly lost confidence and being too much disaffected by the events of the day. Sir Thomas Gray, Scalacronica, translated by Herbert Maxwell The next day the demoralised English were heavily defeated and King Edward was rushed from the scene by his bodyguard. «b»Norham Castle «/b»Following their victory at Bannockburn, the Scottish attacked and raided the north of England repeatedly over the ensuing years. Sir Thomas was garrisoned at Berwick-upon-Tweed in 1318 which fell to Robert Bruce following an eleven-week siege. Grey was subsequently recompensed £179 arrears of wages for himself and fourteen men at arms and for horses he had lost. In 1317 Grey's patron Henry de Beaumont and his brother, the newly appointed Bishop of Durham, Lewis de Beaumont were kidnapped by Gilbert de Middleton before being released. Middleton was executed and his lands confiscated. In May 1319, as reward for his services, Thomas was granted 108 acres at Howick, Northumberland that formerly belonged to a supporter of Gilbert de Middleton, John Mautulent. Grey was appointed in 1319 as Sheriff of Norham and Islandshire and Constable of Norham Castle where he was to be based for eleven years. During this time Norham remained under a state of almost perpetual siege and it is Thomas' rescue of the chivalric knight Sir William Marmion that he is probably best known for. A two year truce expired in 1322 and Thomas promised King Edward to recruit an extra twenty men at arms and fifty hobelars to reinforce Lewis de Beaumont's existing garrison to protect both Norham castle and the March. By September 17 Norham found itself besieged by one hundred Scottish men at arms and one hundred hobelars. The king sent Thomas money to pay his garrison and requested that he send frequent reports of the situation and reassured the people around the castle that any losses in crops and goods would be made up to them. Edward II agreed to a thirteen-year truce with Robert Bruce in March 1323 and, three months later, Thomas was given permission to go to Scotland to resupply Norham Castle with corn and ammunition and to replace its ploughs and carts which had been destroyed in the preceding years. He imprisoned eighty Scots at Norham who had, coming from overseas, landed at Lindisfarne and attempted to reach Scotland and on 2 October was ordered to send them to the Sheriff of York at York Castle. On 9 July 1325 Grey was ordered to accept back into the King's Peace all those of Northumberland who had joined the Scottish through poverty or other urgent needs. «b»Later career«/b» During the buildup to the impending Invasion of England of 1326 Sir Thomas was first granted more land at Howyk and then in August ordered to join John de Sturmy, Admiral of the Fleet of the North, alongside other captains and their ships, to help defend the hugely unpopular Edward II from his wife Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March. Thomas was ordered to "compel" ships from Northumberland ports to join the fleet and to supervise their departure for Orwell, Suffolk in early September. No naval conflict occurred and, landing at Orwell on 24 September, Isabel and Mortimer seized control of England with virtually no opposition, with most of Edward's orders having been ignored. Edward II was imprisoned and replaced on the throne by Edward III. Edward III resumed hostilities with the Scottish and, shortly after the defeat of the Scottish at Halidon Hill in July 1333, Thomas was appointed as Deputy Constable of Berwick. In about 1334 Sir Thomas was granted Mitford Castle and the hamlet of Mollisdoun and in October 1335 he was granted custody of the lands and marriage of the heir of Andrew de Grey in Berwick.
  
• Death: BEF 12 MAR 1344 in Chillingham, Northumberland, England, United Kingdom at LATI: N5.5276 LONG: E1.9061
  
• Birth: ABT 1280 in Cornhill-on-Tweed, Northumberland, England, United Kingdom at LATI: N5.6473 LONG: E2.2239
  
• MilitaryService: Eminent soldier in Anglo-Saxon Wars
  
• MilitaryService: Ambush at Cupar Castle1308
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  From Wikipedia -
  
  Sir Thomas Grey (d. before March 1344) of Heaton Castle in the parish of Cornhill-on-Tweed, Northumberland, was a soldier who served throughout the Wars of Scottish Independence. His experiences were recorded by his son Thomas Grey in his chronicles, and provide a rare picture of the day to day realities of the Wars. His career, blemished by his suicidal charge at the Battle of Bannockburn, a contributing factor to the devastating English defeat, is perhaps best known for his role in the tale of Sir William Marmion the chivalric knight of Norham Castle.
  
  Career and Life
  Early life
  Grey was serving under William de Hesilrig, Sheriff of Clydesdale as early as 1297.[4] Following William Wallace's nighttime assassination of the Sheriff at Lanark, Grey was left for dead, stripped naked in the snow.[4] He only survived because of the heat from the houses burning around him and was rescued the next day and his wounds healed.[4]
  
  Grey was knighted before September 1301 and served with the king's lieutenant for Scotland, Patrick IV, Earl of March at Ayr.[5][non-primary source needed]
  
  In May 1303 Grey found himself under the command of Hugh Audley encamped at Melrose Abbey when they were attacked at night by a much larger force led by John Comyn.[6] Grey was beaten to the floor and taken prisoner but most of his comrades were slain.[7]
  
  Siege of Stirling Castle (1304)
  
  Springald
  Edward I had captured most of Scotland by April 1304 and embarked upon a nineteen-week siege of the last significant uncaptured fortress at Stirling Castle using twelve siege engines which included the massive trebuchet called "Warwolf".
  
  Grey fought at the siege under the command of Henry de Beaumont.[8] A hook thrown from a siege machine ensnared de Beaumont one day, and was about to haul him to his death upon the castle walls, when Grey freed him in the nick of time and dragged him to safety.[8]
  
  Just as Grey had performed this act of bravery he was struck in the head by a large bolt fired from a springald (a large multi-man crossbow) just below his eyes.[7] He collapsed to the ground lifeless and preparations for a quick burial were made.[8] Just as the funeral ceremony started, Grey suddenly stirred and opened his eyes, much to the astonishment of the funeral party.[8] He subsequently staged a full recovery.[8]
  
  It is from this event that Grey perhaps adopted a ram's head as the crest of his coat of arms as a light-hearted reference to his thick skull.[3]
  
  Grey became closer to the Beaumont family, who were kinsmen of both the king and queen, and was drawn into court life. In 1305 Grey acted as attorney for de Beaumont's sister Isabella de Vesci.[5][non-primary source needed] In December 1307 Grey took custody of Robert Bruce's sister Christina following the execution of her husband Christopher Seton for his part in the murder of John Comyn, Guardian of Scotland.[9][non-primary source needed]
  
  Ambush at Cupar Castle (1308)
  Upon the death of Edward I he was succeeded by his son Edward II and Grey attended the coronation at Westminster Palace in February 1308.[10] As Grey returned to Cupar Castle, of which he was the then warden, he was ambushed by Walter de Bickerton, a supporter of Bruce.[10]
  
  Grey was heavily outnumbered, having only 26 man-at-arms compared to the 400 men commanded by Bickerton.[10] Deciding that he could not avoid the ambush he decided to charge the heart of Bickerton's men using lance and the shock of his horse to down many of the enemy.[10] Seeing the success of his aggression he was joined by his men at arms and together they succeeded in overthrowing many of the enemy and stampeded their horses.[11]
  
  Before starting the charge, Grey had instructed his grooms to follow at a distance carrying a battle standard.[10] As they came into view of Bickerton's confused men they mistook the grooms for another formation of soldiers and took flight.[11] Grey and his men drove one hundred and eighty of Bickerton's abandoned horses to his castle as booty.[11]
  
  Battle of Bannockburn (1314)
  Grey's capture at the Battle of Bannockburn was undoubtedly the low point of his career. Grey served under Beaumont and Robert Clifford when they tried to go around the Scottish army on the first day of the battle and met with defeat at the hands of the forces of Sir Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray.[12]
  
  On the second day of the battle, the English were heavily defeated and the king fled the field with a force of some 500 knights and was pursued by Sir James Douglas with only a small force, leaving hundreds of English dead on the field and a large number of English nobles and knights taken prisoner.[13]
  
  Norham Castle
  
  The ruins of the keep of Norham Castle.
  Following their victory at Bannockburn, the Scottish attacked and raided the north of England repeatedly over the ensuing years. Grey was garrisoned at Berwick-upon-Tweed in 1318 which fell to Bruce following an eleven-week siege. Grey was subsequently recompensed £179 arrears of wages for himself and 14 man-at-arms and for horses he had lost.[14]
  
  In 1317 Grey's patron de Beaumont and his brother Louis de Beaumont, soon to be installed as Bishop of Durham, were kidnapped by Guy de Middleton before being freed by William de Felton. Middleton was executed and his lands confiscated. In May 1319, as reward for his services, Grey was granted 108 acres at Howick, Northumberland that formerly belonged to a supporter of Middleton, John Mautulent.[15][non-primary source needed]
  
  Grey was appointed in 1319 as Sheriff of Norham and Islandshire and Constable of Norham Castle[16] where he was to be based for 11 years.[17] During this time Norham remained under a state of almost perpetual siege and it is Grey's rescue of William Marmion that he is probably best known for.[18]
  
  A two year truce expired in 1322 and Grey promised the king to recruit an extra 20 men at arms and 50 hobelars to reinforce Lewis de Beaumont's existing garrison to protect both Norham castle and the March. By 17 September Norham found itself besieged by 100 Scottish men at arms and 100 hobelars. The king sent Grey money to pay his garrison and requested that he send frequent reports of the situation and reassured the people around the castle that any losses in crops and goods would be made up to them.[9][non-primary source needed]
  
  Edward II agreed to a 13 year truce with Bruce in May 1323 and, three months later, Grey was given permission to go to Scotland to resupply Norham Castle with corn and ammunition and to replace its ploughs and carts which had been destroyed in the preceding years.[15][non-primary source needed] He imprisoned 80 Scots at Norham who had, coming from overseas, landed at Lindisfarne and attempted to reach Scotland and on 2 October was ordered to send them to the Sheriff of York at York Castle.[19][non-primary source needed]
  
  On 9 July 1325 Grey was ordered to accept back into the king's peace all those of Northumberland who had joined the Scottish through poverty or other urgent needs.[15][non-primary source needed]
  
  Later career
  During the buildup to the impending Invasion of England of 1326 Grey was first granted more land at Howyk[15][9][non-primary source needed] and then in August ordered to join John de Sturmy, Admiral of the Fleet of the North, alongside other captains and their ships, to help defend the hugely unpopular Edward II from his wife Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March.[15][non-primary source needed] Grey was ordered to "compel" ships from Northumberland ports to join the fleet and to supervise their departure for Orwell, Suffolk in early September.[20][non-primary source needed] No naval conflict occurred and, landing at Orwell on 24 September, Isabella and Mortimer seized control of England with virtually no opposition, with most of Edward's orders having been ignored. Edward II was imprisoned and replaced on the throne by Edward III.
  
  Edward III resumed hostilities with the Scottish and, shortly after the defeat of the Scottish at Halidon Hill in July 1333, Grey was appointed as deputy constable of Berwick.[21]
  
  In about 1334 Grey was granted Mitford Castle and the hamlet of Mollisdoun[22] and in October 1335 he was granted custody of the lands and marriage of the heir of Andrew de Grey in Berwick.[15][non-primary source needed]
  
  Family and descendants
  Grey married Agnes de Bayles and had the following issue:
  
  Sir Thomas Grey, Soldier and Chronicler
  Thomas is an ancestor of the Earl Greys of Tankerville, Baronet Grey of Chillingham, Baron Greys of Powis and Baron Greys of Werke.
  
  Biography
  He served almost continuously during the Anglo-Scottish wars in the reigns of Edward I and Edward II. In May 1297 he was left for dead on the field when William Wallace attacked Lanark, killing the En
  
  === Birth note ===
  Castle Heaton Castle is a castle in Northumberland, England. Castle Heaton Castle is situated east of River Till.
  
  === Relationship to N. G. Utting note ===
  Twentieth Great Grandfather : Great, Great, Great, Great, Great, Great, Great, Great, Great, Great, Great, Great, Great, Great, Great, Great, Great, Great, Great, Great, Grandfather
  
  === M E Sorley: The Sorley Pedigrees P. 51 ===
  M E Sorley: The Sorley Pedigrees P. 51

• m. ABT 1327 in Hetton, Northumberland, England

1. Thomas de Grey, b. ABT 1323 in Northumberland, England     d. BEF 22 OCT 1369 in Northumberland, England

1. Title: Scalacronica By Sir Thomas Gray, John Leland
   Author: pages xiii to xiv
   Publication: Name: https://books.google.com/books?id=hU0JAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR13&lpg=PR13&dq=John+(Sir)+Mayor+of+Berwick+de+GREY&source=bl&ots=t4OIw2fiql&sig=WmIxnNSkytOCudJ8K_o2beTehtU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwji4qnEsO7SAhVR7WMKHUAsBRQQ6AEIHjAB#v=onepage&q=John%20(Sir)%20Mayor%20of%20Berwick%20de%20GREY&f=false;
   Note: Gives details of the father of Thomas de Grey as John de Grey of Berwick...
   
2. Title: North-east England in the Later Middle Ages edited by Christian Drummond Liddy, R. H. Britnell
   Author: page 68 gives details of Agnes de Bayles and her husband Thomas de Grey...
   Publication: Name: https://books.google.com/books?id=ijQJXSBC9P0C&pg=PR4&lpg=PR4&dq=North-east+England+in+the+Later+Middle+Ages.+Woodbridge:+Boydell&source=bl&ots=MkotMMWlNb&sig=hjEN4BOGiE090Q_utMWNyWQjjPQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwig47SGqO7SAhUE42MKHSLBCAYQ6AEIMDAE#v=snippet&q=agnes%20bayles&f=false;
   
3. Title: Thomas Grey, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QK1Z-G5GD : 16 December 2021), Thomas Grey, ; Burial, Norham, Northumberland Unitary Authority, Northumberland, England, St. Cuthbert's Churchyard; citing record ID 142812582, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QK1Z-G5GD;
   
4. Title: Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingd
   Author: Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, by G. E Cokayne, Sutton Publishing Lt, VI:136 (c).
   
5. Title: Scalacronica : the reigns of Edward I, Edward II and Edward III, as recorded by Sir Thomas Gray, and now translated by Sir Herbert Maxwell
   Author: page 18
   Publication: Name: https://archive.org/stream/scalacronicareig01grayuoft#page/18/mode/2up/search/Stripped;
   
6. Title: Our royal, titled, noble and commoner ancestors
   Author: Citations [S6963] Unknown author, Wallop Family, p. 387.
   Publication: Name: https://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p747.htm#i22430;
   Note: Sir Thomas Grey, Constable of Norham1 Last Edited 4 Apr 2020 M, #22430, b. circa 1280, d. circa 12 March 1344 Father Thomas Grey b. c 1252, d. c 1310 Sir Thomas Grey, Constable of Norham was born circa 1280 at of Heaton Castle, Wark-on-Tweed, Northumberland, England. He married Agnes de Beyle circa 1304. Sir Thomas Grey, Constable of Norham died circa 12 March 1344. Family Agnes de Beyle Children Sir Thomas Grey, Constable of Norham+ d. 1369 Alice de Grey+ b. c 1305 David Grey+ b. c 1330, d. a 1366