Michael Matthew Groat PhD's Genealogical Database
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Eustace de Vescy
- Preferred Name: Eustace de Vescy[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]
- Gender: M
- Magna+Carta+Surety: 1215 with note: Description: He was among the leaders of the barons who required the king to sign Magna Carta.
Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: EUSTACE de Vescy
- Heir: 1184 in Yorkshire, England with note: Description: Malton, North Riding, Yorkshire, and Brompton, North Riding, Yorkshire
- Suspected+of+treason+against+John+King+of+England,+he+fled+to+Scotland,+was+outlawed+in+England+and+: 1212 with note: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: EUSTACE de Vescy
- The+Red+Book+of+the+Exchequer+records+"Eustachius+de+Vescy"+holding+the+barony+of+Alnwick+with+12+kn: BET 1210 AND 1212 with note: Red Book Exchequer, Part II, Inquisitiones…Regis Johannis…anno regno XII et XIII…de servitiis militum, p. 562
-- cited by Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: EUSTACE de Vescy
- Birth: 1169/1171 in Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, England at LATI: N5.4 LONG: E1.7 with note: In 1185 he was 14 and a ward of the king
- Death: AUG 1216 in Barnard Castle, Durham, England at LATI: N4.5459 LONG: E1.9233 with note: Barnard Castle is a town in Durham. It's not a castle.
- Burial: in Watton Priory, Yorkshire, England at LATI: N3.9343 LONG: E0.42
- MilitaryService: Crusades with the King in Palestine1195 in Palestine at LATI: N1.67 LONG: E5.25
- MilitaryService: a leader during the Barons' War1215 with note: Wikiwand: Eustace de Vesci
- http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: with note: Description: Lord of Alnwick
- http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Lord of Alnwick
- Fact: 1184 with note: Description: Heir
- Occupation: Ambassador to Scotland
- Fact: BET 1210 AND 1212 with note: Description: The Red Book of the Exchequer records him holding the barony of Alnwick with 12 knights
- FSID: K8P6-YR3
- Fact: with note: Description: Entrusted to surety clause 61 excommunicated by Pope Innocent III
- Note: 1215 with note: Description: Entrusted to surety clause 61 excommunicated by Pope Innocent III
- Fact: with note: Description: https://www.geni.com/people/Eustace-de-Vesci-Lord-of-Alnwick-Castle-and-Surety-of-the-Magna-Carta/6000000001300434501?through=6000000007357077318
- Fact: 1212 in Suspected of treason against King John of England, he fled to Scotland, and was outlawed in England, and all his property was confiscated
- Fact: with note: Description: Magna Carta Surety
- Alt. Death: 12 JUN 1216 in Barnard Castle, Durham, England at LATI: N4.5459 LONG: E1.9233
- Fact: 1215 with note: Description: Magna Carta surety: He was among the leaders of the barons who required the king to sign Magna Carta.
- Find A Grave: with note: Description: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/69724355
- Land: with note: Description: Held lands in Sprouston
- Alternate+Death+Date: 12 June 1216, shot through the head by an arrow in while besieging Barnard Castle, Durham, England with note: Geni: Eustace de Vesci, Lord of Alnwick Castle and Surety of the Magna Carta
- Notes:
=== Life Sketch ===
Eustace Vesci, Surety 1215, Lord of Alnwick 1184-1216
s/o William (FitzEustace) Vesci & Burga Stuteville
b - 1170 - Alnwick, Northumberland, England
m- 1193 - Margaret of Scotland
d- August 1216 - (Killed - shot in head by arrow) Seige of Barnard Castle
1184 - heir -age 14 - Langton & Malton & Brompton, Yorkshire & Alnwick, Northumberland
1195 -with the King in Palestine - Crusades
1190 - of age 21
1200 - Yorkshire - Eustace Vesci sought against Galfrid Saucensmar & Matilda his wife, formerley who wife of William Tilli, whose heir was Ralph Tilli his brother, she then holding in dower the town of Rudeham - EUSTACE stated that the town had been held by his great grandfather Eustace FitzJohn & Descended to
his son William, then to his grandson said EUSTACE Vesci
no date - in an exchange he gave his lands in Saxlingham to Adam Carlisle
=== M E Sorley: The Sorley Pedigrees P. 25 ===
M E Sorley: The Sorley Pedigrees P. 25
=== One of the 25 barons appointed to enforc ===
One of the 25 barons appointed to enforce the Magna Carta.
=== Eustace succeeded in 1184. During the r ===
Eustace succeeded in 1184. During the reigh of Richard I, comparative peace prevailed on the Borders, but on the accession of John in 1199, William the Lion took advantabe of the English King's unpopularity to lay claim to the English countries of Northumberland and Cumberland. Eustace de Vescy had married William the Lion's illegitimate daughter and John commissioned him to assure the Scotish King, that he would satisfy his claims. As this promis was not redeemed, William, after having rendered homage to Joh at Lincoln, again demanded the restitution of the two counties, and in the meanwhile, visited the Border, and stayed at Alnwick Castle on Febryary 12th, 1201. The question at issue remained unsettled, although in 1209 larg armies were assembled by both Kings, and on this occasion John again visited Alnwick Castle on Apr 24th, 1209. At length on August 7th, a treaty was concluded which put an end to the hostilities, and Alexander, the Scottish King's eldest son, paid homage to John at Alnwick. In 1212 the revolt of the barons against John broke out, Eustace was the ring leader. Eustace was forced to flee to Scltoand, and in 1213 John gave orders for Alnwick Castle to be destroyed, but subsequently seems to have cancelled them, for they were certainly not carried out. Soon afterwards a reconciliation took place, and Eustace's posessions, which had been confiscated, were restored to him. Earlky in 1213 John had again visited Alnwick, probably with the object of replacing the northern nobles. In 1215 Eustace joined the great confederation of the barons against John, and he was one of the 25 barons appointed to enforce the observance of the Magna Carta. In that same year Alexander, King of Scotland, invaded Northumberland. He was joined by the Northern barons, of whom Eustace was one. John marched north towards the end of the year and burnt Alnwick, as well as several other places. After an incursion into Scotland he retired and the barons, despairing of success without foreign aid, offered their allegiance to Philip, King of France. The landing of a French force encouraged Alexander again to invade England, and Eustace and other Northern barons joined him. While besieging Barnard Castle in 1216, Eustace was killed.
=== EUSTACE DE VESCY, 1st son and heir, was ===
EUSTACE DE VESCY, 1st son and heir, was born 1169-71. He attended Richard's 2nd Coronation at Winchester, 17 April 1194, and was with him at Chinon, in France, 12 December following. In 1199 he was one of the gmacrantors of the treaty between John and Reinald, Count of Boulogne, sealed at La Roche d'Andely, 18 August, and in the same year, probably later, he was sent to William the Lion of Scotland to promise him satisfaction of his rights in England and to secure his fidelity to John. On 22 November 1200 he was one of the witnesses of William's homage at Lincoln. In April 1209 he was deputed, with others, to meet William the Lion on his visit to King John, and in the following year he was with the King in Ireland. In 1212, being one of the first of the barons to incur John's suspicions of his fidelity, he fled to Scotland and was outlawed, his property being seized. After John's submission to the Pope he had to invite Eustace back, 27 May 1213, although on the same day orders were sent to Philip de Ulecot to destroy his castle at Alnwick. On 18 July following he and others received John's pledge to abide by the Pope's decision concerning his excommunication. Eustace's lands were restored on the next day and the warrant for slighting Alnwick Castle was revoked. In November 1214 he was warned by the Pope not to trouble the King by reason of John's previous disputes with the barons; and in the following spring he was pleading the barons' cause at the papal court. He was among the leaders of the barons who wrung the charter from John, 15 June 1215, and was one of those appointed to see its provisions carried out. On 16 December 1215 he and other magnates were excommunicated by the Pope.
He married, in 1193, at Roxburgh, Margaret, illegitimate daughter of WILLIAM THE LION, KING OF SCOTLAND, by (----), daughter of Adam DE HYTHUS. While marching from the north to do homage to Louis of France at Dover, he was killed at Barnard Castle, August 1216 (h). His widow was living, 13 November 1218, and probably in 1226. [Complete Peerage XII/2:275-6, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]
(h) Louis of France landed at Thanet, 21 May 1216, at the invitation of the baronial party. In marching to meet him, Alexander II of Scotland and his brother-in-law, Eustace de Vescy, "virum nobilem et potentum", laid siege to Barnard Castle, which was held by Hugh de Balliol for the King. During an assault on the castle Eustace was shot through the head by an arrow and killed.
---------------------------------------------
Eustace de Vesci, who attaining majority in the 2nd Richard I [1191], gave 2,300 marks for the livery of his lands, with liberty to marry whom he pleased. In the 14th King John [1213], when the first commotion arose amongst the barons, the king, hastening to London, summoned all the suspected lords thither and forced each to give hostages for his peaceable demeanor. But this Eustace, one of the most suspected, refused to attend the summons and fled into Scotland, whereupon all his possessions in England were seized upon by the crown and a special command issued to demolish his castle at Alnwick. But a reconciliation between the kind and his turbulent nobles soon afterwards taking place through the influence of the legate Pandulph, Eustace had restitution of his estates. But this was a deceitful calm -- the winds were only stilled to rage with greater violence -- the baronial conflict ere long burst forth more furiously and was only allayed by those concessions on the part of the crown, which have immortalized the plains of Runnymede. The cause of this celebrated quarrel, in which, by the way the people had little or no immediate interest, was doubtless of long standing and was based on the encroachment of the Sovereign on the privileges of the nobility, but the spark that ignited the flame was personal injury; an affront inflicted by King John on this Eustace de Vesci. "Hearing," writes Sir William Dugdale, "that Eustace de Vesci had a very beautiful wife, but far distant from the court, and studying how to accomplish his licentious desires toward her, sitting at table with her husband and seeing a ring on his finger, he laid hold on it and told him that he had another such stone, which he resolved to set in gold in that very form. And having thus got the ring, presently sent it to her in her husband's name, by that token conjuring her, if ever she expected to see him alive, to come speedily to him. She, therefore, upon sight of the ring, gave credit to the messenger and came with all expedition. But it so happened that her husband casmaclly riding out met her on the road, and marvelling much to see her there, asked what the matter was, and when he understood how they were both deluded, resolved to find a common woman and put her in apparel to personate his lady." The king afterwards boasting to the injured husband of the favours he had received, Eustace had the pleasure of undeceiving him, "whereat the king grew so enraged that he threatened to kill him; Eustace, therefore, apprehending danger, hastened into the north, divers of the nobles whose wives they king had vitiated accompanying him. And being grown strong by the confluence of their friends and others, seized his castles, the Londoners adhering to them." When John was subsequently brought to submission, Eustace de Vesci was one of the twenty-five Barons appointed to enforce the observance of Magna Carta, but he was slain soon after, about 1216, by an arrow from the ramparts of Barnard Castle (belonging to Hugh de Baliol), which he had commenced besieging, or was about to attack. He had m. Margaret, natural dau. of William, King of Scotland, and was s. by his son, William de Vesci. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 555, Vesci, Barons Vesci]
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Eustace de Vesci, one of the twenty-five barons appointed to enforce the observance of Magna Carta, elder brother of Warine de Vesci (father of Margerie who m. Gilbert de Aton), succeeded his father, William de Vesci; m. Margaret, dau. of William and sister of Alexander, kings of Scotland; and, dying about 1216, was s. by his son, William de Vesci. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 15, Aton, Barons de Aton]
=== Magna Carta Surety. ===
Magna Carta Surety.
=== !#237-v6-p31; !#673-v122-p267; !#828-p84 ===
!#237-v6-p31; !#673-v122-p267; !#828-p84; !#998-p406;
=== "One of the surety for Magna Carta" (12 ===
"One of the surety for Magna Carta" (1215)
=== Cause of Death: Shot in head by ar ===
Cause of Death: Shot in head by arrow.
Preferred Parents:
Father: William de Vescy, b. 1125 in Knaresborough Castle, Yorkshire, England d. SEP 1183 in Alnwick Abbey, Northumberland, England
Mother: Burga de Stuteville, b. 1146 in Cottingham, Yorkshire, England d. 1185 in Knaresborough, Yorkshire, England
Family 1: Margaret of Scotland, b. 1193 in London, Middlesex, England d. 25 NOV 1259 in London, Middlesex, England
- William de Vesci - Lord of Alnwick, Knight, b. 16 MAY 1205 in Alnwick, Northumberland, England d. 7 OCT 1253 in Gascogne, France
Sources:
- Title: Book - History of Dormant & Extinct Peerages
Author: Google Books
Note: Eustace Vesci, surety 1215, Lord of alnwick
s/o William Vesci & Burga Stuteville
b- 1169 - of age 21 1190 - Alnwick, Northumberlandshire,England
m- Margaret of Scotland ( 1/2 sister of Alexander II of scotland
d - 1216 - siege of Barnard castle - shot in his head by an Arrow
- Title: Wikiwand: First Barons' War
Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/First_Barons%27_War;
Note: The First Barons' War (1215–1217) was a civil war in the Kingdom of England in which a group of rebellious major landowners (commonly referred to as barons) led by Robert Fitzwalter and supported by a French army under the future Louis VIII of France, waged war against King John of England.
The war resulted from the king's refusal to accept and abide by Magna Carta which he had sealed on 15 June 1215, and from the ambitions of the French prince, who dragged the war on after many of the rebels had made peace with John.
Background
King John in June 1215 was forced to put his seal to "The Articles of the Barons" by a group of powerful barons who could no longer stand John's failed leadership and despotic rule. The king's Great Seal was attached to it on 15 June 1215. In return, the barons renewed their oaths of fealty to King John on 19 July 1215. A formal document to record the agreement was created by the royal chancery on 15 July: this was the original Magna Carta. "The law of the land" is one of the great watchwords of Magna Carta, standing in opposition to the king's mere will.
The Magna Carta of 1215 contained clauses which in theory noticeably reduced the power of the king, such as clause 61, the "security clause." This clause allowed a group of 25 barons to override the king at any time by way of force, a medieval legal process called distraint that was normal in feudal relationships but had never been applied to a king. After a few months of half-hearted attempts to negotiate in the summer of 1215, open warfare broke out between the rebel barons and the king and his supporters.
Course of events
Louis invited and welcomed
The war began over the Magna Carta but quickly turned into a dynastic war for the throne of England. The rebel barons, faced with a powerful king, turned to Louis, son and heir apparent of King Philip II of France and grandson-in-law of King Henry II of England. The Norman invasion had occurred only 149 years before, and the relationship between England and France was not so simply adversarial as it later became. The contemporary document called the annals of Waverley sees no contradiction in stating that Louis was invited to invade in order to "prevent the realm being pillaged by aliens."
At first, in November 1215, Louis simply sent the barons a contingent of knights to protect London. However, even at that stage he also agreed to an open invasion, despite discouragement from his father and from Pope Innocent III. This came in May 1216, when watchmen on the coast of Thanet detected sails on the horizon, and on the next day, the King of England and his armies saw Louis' troops disembark on the coast of Kent.
John decided to escape to the Saxon capital of Winchester, and so Louis had little resistance on his march to London. He entered London, also with little resistance, and was openly received by the rebel barons and citizens of London and proclaimed (though not crowned) king at St Paul's Cathedral. Many nobles gathered to give homage to him, including Alexander II of Scotland, who held fiefs in England.
Many of John's supporters, sensing a tide of change, moved to support the barons. Gerald of Wales remarked: "The madness of slavery is over, the time of liberty has been granted, English necks are free from the yoke." On 14 June Louis captured Winchester (John had already left) and soon conquered over half of the English kingdom.
First siege of Dover
In the meantime, the King of France taunted his son for trying to conquer England without first seizing its key: Dover. The royal castles at Canterbury and Rochester, their towns, and indeed, most of Kent had already fallen to Louis but when he did move on to Dover Castle on 25 July it was prepared. Its constable, Hubert de Burgh, had a well-supplied garrison of men.
The first siege began on 19 July, with Louis taking the high ground to the north of the castle. His men successfully undermined the barbican and attempted to topple the castle gate, but De Burgh's men managed to repel the invaders, blocking the breach in the walls with giant timbers. (After the siege the weak northern gate was blocked and tunnels were built in that area, to St John's Tower, and the new Constable's Gate and Fitzwilliam's Gate.) In the meantime Louis's occupation of Kent was being undermined by a guerrilla force of Wealden archers raised and led by William of Cassingham.
After three months spent besieging the castle, and with a large part of his forces diverted by the siege, Louis called a truce on 14 October and soon after returned to London.
Sieges of Windsor and Rochester
Apart from Dover, the only castle to hold out against Louis was that at Windsor, where 60 loyalist knights survived a two-month siege, despite severe damage to the structure of its lower ward (immediately repaired in 1216 by Henry III, who further strengthened the defences with the construction of the western curtain wall, much of which survives today). This is possibly due to its having been already besieged by the barons in 1189, less than 30 years earlier.
In 1206, John had spent £115 on repairs to Rochester Castle, and he had even preemptively held it during the year of the negotiations leading up to Magna Carta, but the Charter's terms had forced him to hand it back into the custody of Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, in May 1215. The rebel barons had then sent troops under William d'Aubigny to the castle, to whom its constable Reginald de Cornhill opened the castle's gates. Thus, during October 1215 on his marching from Dover to London, John found Rochester in his way and on 11 October began besieging it in person.
The rebels were expecting reinforcements from London but John sent fire ships out to burn their route in, the city's bridge over the Medway. Robert Fitzwalter rode out to stop the king, fighting his way onto the bridge but eventually being beaten back into the castle. John also sacked the cathedral, took anything of value and stabled his horses in it, all as a slight to Langton. Orders were then sent to the men of Canterbury.
Five siege engines were then erected and work carried out to undermine the curtain wall. By one of these means the king's forces entered and held the bailey in early November, and began attempting the same tactics against the keep, including undermining the south-east tower. The mine-roof was supported by wooden props, which were then set alight using pig-fat. On 25 November 1215 John had sent a writ to the justiciars saying "Send to us with all speed by day and night, forty of the fattest pigs of the sort least good for eating so that we may bring fire beneath the castle," causing the whole corner of the keep to collapse. The rebels withdrew behind the keep's cross-wall but still managed to hold out. A few were allowed to leave the castle but on John's orders had their hands and feet lopped off as an example.
Winter was now setting in, and the castle was taken on 30 November by starvation and not by force. John set up a memorial to the pigs and a gallows with the intention of hanging the whole garrison, but one of his captains (Savari de Mauléon) persuaded him not to hang the rebels since hanging those who had surrendered would set a precedent if John ever surrendered – only one man was actually hanged (a young bowman who had previously been in John's service). The remainder of the rebel barons were taken away and imprisoned at various royal-held castles, such as Corfe Castle. Of the siege – against only 100 rebels, and costing over a thousand pounds a day – the Barnwell chronicler wrote "No one alive can remember a siege so fiercely pressed and so manfully resisted" and that, after it, "There were few who would put their trust in castles."
John died the next year, so it fell to Henry III to repair the castle. He spent over £1,000 on rebuilding, with new stables and gateways, and a further ditch to strengthen the defences. A new chapel was built next to the Royal apartments in the bailey. The most notable surviving feature is the new south-east tower, which was built according to the latest defensive design and is three-quarters round to better deflect missile attack and work against attempts at undermining .
Death of King John
On 18 October 1216, John contracted dysentery, which would ultimately prove fatal. He died at Newark Castle, Nottinghamshire, and with him the main reason for the fighting. Louis now seemed much more of a threat to baronial interests than John's nine-year-old son, Prince Henry. While Eleanor of Brittany, the grown daughter of John's late elder brother Geoffrey, imprisoned by John since 1202, posed another potential candidate for the crown, the barons passed her over just like their ignorance of her conditions when the Magna Carta was issued, leaving her still in prison.
Pierre des Roches, Bishop of Winchester, and a number of barons rushed to have the young Henry be crowned as King of England. London was held by Louis (it was his seat of government) and therefore could not be used for this coronation so, on 28 October 1216, they brought the boy from the castle at Devizes to Gloucester Abbey in front of a small attendance presided over by a Papal Legate, Guala Bicchieri (d. 1227, Bishop of Vercelli, papal legate in England 1216–18). They crowned Henry with a band of gold made from a necklace.
On 12 November 1216 the Magna Carta was reissued in Henry's name with some of the clauses omitted, including clause 61. The revised charter was sealed by the young king's regent William Marshal. A great deal of the country was loyal to Prince Louis, with the southwest of England and the Midlands favouring Henry. Marshal was highly respected and he asked the barons not to blame the child Henry for his father's sins. The prevailing sentiment, helped by self-interest, disliked the idea of depriving a boy of his inheritance. Marshal also promised that he and the other regents would rule by Magna Carta....
- Title: Magna Carta Trust: Eustace de Vesci
Author: Magna Carta Trust BY PROFESSOR NIGEL SAUL, ROYAL HOLLOWAY, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.
Publication: Name: https://magnacarta800th.com/schools/biographies/the-25-barons-of-magna-carta/eustace-de-vesci/;
Note: Eustace de Vesci (1169/70-1216) was one of the group referred to by contemporaries as ‘the Northerners’, the original hard-line leaders of the baronial resistance to King John. The son of William de Vesci and Burga, daughter of Robert de Stuteville, lord of Cottingham (Yorks.), he was lord of Alnwick in Northumberland and an extensive landowner in northern England. He was married to Margaret, illegitimate daughter of William the Lion, king of Scotland and half-sister of Alexander II of Scotland. At Richard the Lionheart’s second coronation in 1194, following his release from captivity in Germany, he witnessed a royal charter in favour of his father-in-law.
At the end of 1194 Eustace is found engaged in Richard’s service at Chinon, the great Angevin castle in Anjou, and five years later was one of the guarantors of the treaty between King John, newly succeeded to the throne, and Count Renaud of Boulogne. In 1210 he accompanied John on his expedition to attempt the pacification of Ireland. Accused in 1212, alongside another important northern lord Robert FitzWalter, of plotting against John’s life, he fled to Scotland, and his lands were seized. After John’s submission to the pope in 1213, however, he was allowed back, and a few months later he was awarded restitution of his lands, although his castles at Alnwick and Malton were destroyed. Later in 1213 in a gesture indicative of his continued defiance of the king, he refused to enlist in John’s expedition to Poitou, in south-west France, and in the following year he also refused to pay scutage (money in lieu of military service). His intense dislike of John was evidently well known to the pope who, in 1214, warned him to remain loyal to the king, since his submission to the pope regarded as a faithful son of the Church. In 1215 he was deeply involved in the military operations that led up to the making of Magna Carta, associating himself closely with a Yorkshire rebel, his kinsman Robert de Ros of Helmsley. In September he was one of a group of nine malcontent barons singled out for excommunication by the pope. Although by the following May he was seeking a reconciliation with the king, as soon as Louis, the French king’s son, took on the leadership of the baronial cause he went over to him. He met his death in late August 1216 at Barnard Castle in County Durham, where he was shot in the head by an arrow while conducting siege operations. He left a young son William, who came of age in 1226.
Page: I believe a professor would research well, and much is documented here.
- Title: Vesci in The Complete Peerage
Author: The Complete Peerage, vol. 12
Publication: Name: https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/viewer/579047/?offset=0#page=278&viewer=picture&o=search&n=0&q=Vesci;
Page: 275
- Title: Wikiwand: Alnwick Castle
Author: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Note: Alnwick Castle (/ˈænɪk/) is a castle and country house in Alnwick in the English county of Northumberland. It is the seat of The 12th Duke of Northumberland, built following the Norman conquest and renovated and remodelled a number of times. It is a Grade I listed building and as of 2012 received over 800,000 visitors per year when combined with adjacent attraction The Alnwick Garden.
History
Alnwick Castle guards a road crossing the River Aln. Yves de Vescy, Baron of Alnwick, erected the first parts of the castle in about 1096. Beatrix de Vesci, daughter of Yves de Vescy married Eustace Fitz John, Constable of Chestershire and Knaresborough. By his marriage to Beatrix de Vesci he gained the Baronies of Malton and Alnwick. The castle was first mentioned in 1136 when it was captured by King David I of Scotland. At this point it was described as "very strong." It was besieged in 1172 and again in 1174 by William the Lion, King of Scotland and William was captured outside the walls during the Battle of Alnwick. Eustace de Vesci, lord of Alnwick, was accused of plotting with Robert Fitzwalter against King John in 1212. In response, John ordered the demolition of Alnwick Castle and Baynard's Castle (the latter was Fitzwalter's stronghold), but his instructions were not carried out at Alnwick.
The castle had been founded in the late 11th century by Ivo de Vesci, a Norman nobleman from Vassy, Calvados in Normandy. A descendant of Ivo de Vesci, John de Vesci succeeded to his father's titles and estates upon his father's death in Gascony in 1253. These included the barony of Alnwick and a large property in Northumberland and considerable estates in Yorkshire, including Malton. As John was underage, King Henry III of England conferred the wardship of his estates to a foreign kinsmen, which caused great offence to the de Vesci family. The family's property and estates had been put into the guardianship of Antony Bek, who sold them to the Percys. From this time the fortunes of the Percys, though they still held their Yorkshire lands and titles, were linked permanently with Alnwick and its castle and have been owned by the Percy family, the Earls and later Dukes of Northumberland since. The stone castle Henry Percy bought was a modest affair, but he immediately began rebuilding. Though he did not live to see its completion, the construction programme turned Alnwick into a major fortress along the Anglo-Scottish border. His son, also called Henry (1299–1352), continued the building. The Abbot's Tower, the Middle Gateway and the Constable's Tower survive from this period. The work at Alnwick Castle balanced military requirements with the family's residential needs. It set the template for castle renovations in the 14th century in northern England; several palace-fortresses, considered "extensive, opulent [and] theatrical" date from this period in the region, such as the castles of Bamburgh and Raby. In 1345 the Percys acquired Warkworth Castle, also in Northumberland. Though Alnwick was considered more prestigious, Warkworth became the family's preferred residence.
The Percy family were powerful lords in northern England. Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland (1341–1408), rebelled against King Richard II and helped dethrone him. The earl and his son Harry Hotspur later rebelled against King Henry IV and after defeating Hotspur in the Battle of Shrewsbury, the king pursued the earl. The castle surrendered under the threat of bombardment in 1403.
During the Wars of the Roses, castles were infrequently attacked and conflict was generally based around combat in the field. Alnwick was one of three castles held by Lancastrian forces in 1461 and 1462, and it was there that the "only practical defence of a private castle" was made according to military historian D. J. Cathcart King. It was held against King Edward IV until its surrender in mid-September 1461 after the Battle of Towton. Re-captured by Sir William Tailboys, during the winter it was surrendered by him to Hastings, Sir John Howard and Sir Ralph Grey of Heton in late July 1462. Grey was appointed captain but surrendered after a sharp siege in the early autumn. King Edward responded with vigor and when the Earl of Warwick arrived in November Queen Margaret and her French advisor, Pierre de Brézé were forced to sail to Scotland for help. They organised a mainly Scots relief force which, under George Douglas, 4th Earl of Angus and de Brézé, set out on 22 November. Warwick's army, commanded by the experienced Earl of Kent and the recently pardoned Lord Scales, prevented news getting through to the starving garrisons. As a result, the nearby Bamburgh and Dunstanburgh castles soon agreed terms and surrendered. But Hungerford and Whittingham held Alnwick until Warwick was forced to withdraw when de Breze and Angus arrived on 5 January 1463.
The Lancastrians missed a chance to bring Warwick to battle instead being content to retire, leaving behind only a token force which surrendered the next day.
By May 1463 Alnwick was in Lancastrian hands for the third time since Towton, betrayed by Grey of Heton who tricked the commander, Sir John Astley. Astley was imprisoned and Hungerford resumed command.
After Montagu's triumphs at Hedgeley Moor and Hexham in 1464 Warwick arrived before Alnwick on 23 June and received its surrender next day. By the following decade, the 4th Earl of Northumberland had pledged fealty to Edward IV and the castle was returned to the Percys.
After the execution of Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland, in 1572 Alnwick castle was increasingly uninhabited. The 9th Earl of Northumberland placed his distant cousin, another Thomas, in charge as constable in 1594, but just over a decade later Thomas was killed fleeing the Gunpowder Plot and the earl was imprisoned in the Tower of London, beginning over a century without a significant Percy presence at Alnwick. In 1650, Oliver Cromwell would use the castle to house prisoners following the Battle of Dunbar.
In the second half of the 18th century Robert Adam carried out many alterations, as did James Paine, Daniel Garrett and Capability Brown, all under the orders of the returning Percy family. Elizabeth Seymour and Hugh Smithson were elevated to 1st Duke and Duchess of Northumberland in 1766 by George III, whose restorations at Windsor Castle were partly inspired by the couple's work at Alnwick. The interiors were largely in a Strawberry Hill gothic style not at all typical of Adam's work, which was usually neoclassical, as seen at the Northumberlands' London home, Syon House.
However, in the 19th century Algernon, 4th Duke of Northumberland replaced much of Adam's architecture. Instead, he paid Anthony Salvin £250,000 between 1854 and 1865 to remove the Gothic additions and other architectural work. Salvin is mostly responsible for the kitchen, the Prudhoe Tower, the palatial accommodation, and the layout of the inner ward. Some of Adam's work survives, but little or none of it remains in the principal rooms shown to the public, which were redecorated in an opulent Italianate style in the Victorian era by Luigi Canina.
Current use
The current duke and his family live in the castle, but occupy only a part of it. The castle is open to the public throughout the summer. After Windsor Castle, it is the second largest inhabited castle in England. Alnwick was the tenth most-visited stately home in England according to the Historic Houses Association, with 195,504 visitors in 2006. This figure has increased significantly in the subsequent decade.
Since World War II, parts of the castle have been used by various educational establishments: firstly, by the Newcastle upon Tyne Church High School; then, from 1945 to 1977, as Alnwick College of Education, a teacher training college; and, since 1981, by St. Cloud State University of Minnesota as a branch campus forming part of their International Study Programme.
Special exhibitions are housed in three of the castle's perimeter towers. The Postern Tower, as well as featuring an exhibition on the Dukes of Northumberland and their interest in archaeology, includes frescoes from Pompeii, relics from Ancient Egypt and Romano-British objects. Constable's Tower houses military displays like the Percy Tenantry Volunteers exhibition, local volunteer soldiers raised to repel Napoleon's planned invasion in the period 1798–1814. The Abbot's Tower houses the Regimental Museum of the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers.
An increase in public interest in the castle was generated by its use as a stand-in for the exterior and interior of Hogwarts in the Harry Potter films. Its appearance in the films has helped shape the public imagination regarding what castles should look like. Its condition contrasts with the vast majority of castles in the country, which are ruinous and unfit for habitation.
Construction
The River Aln flows past the north side of the Castle. There is a deep ravine to the south and east, separating the castle from the town. By the 12th century, Alnwick Castle had assumed the general layout which it retains today. It is distinguished as one of the earliest castles in England to be built without a square keep. The castle consists of two main rings of buildings. The inner ring is set around a small courtyard and contains the principal rooms. This structure is at the center of a large bailey. As the central block was not large enough to contain all the accommodations required in later centuries, a large range of buildings was constructed along the south wall of the bailey. These two main areas of accommodation are connected by a link building. There are towers at regular intervals along the walls of the outer bailey. About a sixth of the bailey wall has been reduced almost to ground level on the bailey side to open up views into the park. Stable and service yards adjoin the castle outside the bailey; these would not have existed when the castle still had a milit..
- Title: Eustace de Vescy, "Find A Grave Index"
Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV28-L9X8 : 14 June 2022), Eustace de Vescy, ; Burial, Alnwick, Northumberland Unitary Authority, Northumberland, England, Alnwick Abbey; citing record ID 69724355, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV28-L9X8;
- Title: Find a Grave: Eustace de Vescy
Author: MEMORIAL ID 69724355
Publication: Name: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/69724355;
Note: Eustace de Vescy
BIRTH 1169
Alnwick, Northumberland Unitary Authority, Northumberland, England
DEATH Aug 1216 (aged 46–47)
County Durham, England
BURIAL
Alnwick Abbey
Alnwick, Northumberland Unitary Authority, Northumberland, England
MEMORIAL ID 69724355
Eustace de Vesci was an English lord of Alnwick Castle, and a Magna Carta surety. His parents were William de Vescy and Burga de Stuteville, daughter of Robert III de Stuteville. He paid his relief on coming of age in Richard I (1191–92). He was with the king Richard I of England in Palestine in 1195. On August 13, 1199 he appeared as one of the guarantors of the treaty between the new king John of England and Renaud I, Count of Dammartin, and in the same year, he was sent to William the Lion of Scotland to promise him satisfaction of his rights in England, and witnessed his homage on November 22, 1200. He was prominent among the barons who wrung the Magna Carta from John, and was one of the twenty-five appointed to see it carried out. He was excommunicated by name with others of the barons in 1216. He supported in the confused situation ensuing Louis, the French dauphin, who was claiming the English throne. He was killed at a siege of Barnard Castle; while he accompanied Alexander II of Scotland on his way to do homage to Louis of France, on the way they laid siege to Barnard Castle, belonging to Hugh de Balliol, and, approaching too near, Vescy was shot through the head by an arrow. His lands were confiscated and given to Simon de Champ Rémy, Philip de Ulecot, and William de Harcourt.
He married Margaret, illegitimate daughter of William the Lion and half-sister of Alexander II of Scotland by a daughter of Adam de Hythus. They left a son William (died 1253), who was the father of John de Vescy and William de Vescy. The latter was one of the Competitors for the Crown of Scotland in 1291.
Family Members
Parents
William de Vescy
1115–1183
Burga de Stuteville
1146–1185
Children
William de Vescy
1205–1253
- Title: Wikiwand: Eustace de Vesci
Publication: Name: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Eustace_de_Vesci#/Family;
Note: Eustace de Vesci (1169–1216) was an English lord of Alnwick Castle, and a Magna Carta surety. He also held lands in Sprouston, Roxburghshire, Scotland as brother in-law to King Alexander II of Scotland. Eustace was a leader during the Barons' War in 1215 and was killed while undertaking a siege of Barnard Castle in 1216.
Early life
His parents were William de Vesci and Burga de Stuteville, daughter of Robert III de Stuteville. He paid his relief on coming of age in 1190.[2] He was with King Richard I of England in Palestine in 1191. On 13 August 1199 he appeared as one of the guarantors of the treaty between the new king John of England and Renaud I, Count of Dammartin, and in the same year, probably later, he was sent to William the Lion of Scotland to promise him satisfaction of his rights in England, and witnessed his homage on 22 November 1200.
He witnessed charters frequently in the early years of John's reign, in 1209 was one of the guardians of the bishopric of Durham, and on 10 April of the same year he was sent to meet William The Lion on his visit to England. He was serving the king in Ireland from June to August 1210. Accused of conspiring against John in 1212, he fled to Scotland. A tale of John's attempted seduction of his wife, and the trick played on him, first appears in Walter of Hemingburgh and bears a close resemblance to a classical model.
His lands were seized, but after John's submission to the pope he was forced to invite Vescy back (27 May 1213), though orders were sent on the same day to Philip of Oldcoates to cripple him by destroying his castle of Alnwick. On 18 July 1213 he was one of the recipients of John's pledge to abide by the decision of the pope concerning the things about which he had been excommunicated. On 5 November 1214 Pope Innocent III warned him not to trouble the king.
The Barons' Revolt
He was a leader in the First Barons' War, in 1215 marching south against King John I with Robert Fitzwalter. He was prominent among the barons who wrung the Magna Carta from John, and was one of the twenty-five appointed to see it carried out. He was excommunicated by name with others of the barons in 1216. He supported in the confused situation ensuing Louis, the French dauphin, who was claiming the English throne. He was killed at a siege of Barnard Castle; while he accompanied Alexander II of Scotland on his way to do homage to Louis of France, on the way they laid siege to Barnard Castle, belonging to Hugh de Balliol, and, approaching too near, Vescy was shot through the head by an arrow.
His lands were confiscated and given to Simon de Champ Rémy, Philip de Ulecot, and William de Harcourt.
Family
He married Margaret, half-sister of King Alexander II of Scotland, an illegitimate daughter of William the Lion by a daughter of Adam de Hythus. They had:
William de Vesci, who was father of John de Vesci and of William de Vescy. The latter was one of the Competitors for the Crown of Scotland in 1291. Christiana, married Patrick de Riddell, had issue.
- Title: Geni: Eustace de Vesci, Lord of Alnwick Castle and Surety of the Magna Carta
Author: Added by: Frej Nils Krook on May 29, 2008 Managed by: Matthew Ford Silvia and 17 others Curated by: Anne Brannen
Publication: Name: https://www.geni.com/people/Eustace-de-Vesci-Lord-of-Alnwick-Castle-and-Surety-of-the-Magna-Carta/6000000001300434501?through=6000000007357077318;
Note: Eustace de Vesci, Lord of Alnwick Castle and Surety of the Magna Carta
Gender: Male
Birth: between circa 1146 and 1169
Alnwick Castle, Northumberland, England
Death: June 12, 1216 (46-74)
Shot through the head by an arrow while besieging Barnard Castle, Durham, England
Immediate Family:
Son of William FitzEustace de Vesci and Burga de Stuteville
Husband of Margaret nic Uilliam
Father of Christiana De Vescy; Lady Constance de Vesci, of Knaresborough and Sir William de Vescy, Lord of Alnwick
Brother of Maud de Vesci; Warine de Vesci, Baron; Cecily de Vesci and Richard de Vesci
Half brother of Sybil de Vesey
Immediate Family
Showing 12 of 12 people
Margaret nic Uilliam
wife
Christiana De Vescy
daughter
Lady Constance de Vesci, of Knar...
daughter
Sir William de Vescy, Lord of Al...
son
Burga de Stuteville
mother
William FitzEustace de Vesci
father
Maud de Vesci
sister
Warine de Vesci, Baron
brother
Cecily de Vesci
sister
Richard de Vesci
brother
Beatrice de Vesci
father's partner
Sybil de Vesey
half sister
- Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy: EUSTACE de Vescy
Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISHNOBILITYMEDIEVAL3T-Z.htm#EustaceVescydied1216;
Note: EUSTACE de Vescy, son of WILLIAM de Vescy & his wife Burga de Stuteville ([1169/71]-killed Barnard’s Castle Aug 1216). A manuscript concerning the founders of Watton priory names "Eustachium de Vescy" as son of "Willielmum," son of "Eustachius filius Johannis," and his wife. An undated charter relating to Alnwick Abbey, Northumberland names "Eustachium de Vescy, Matildam et Ceceliam' as the children of "Willielmus de Vescy senior" and his wife "sororem domini Roberti de Stutevill, domini de Cnarsburg, nomine Burgam." The Red Book of the Exchequer, listing scutage payments in [1190/91], records "Eustachius de Vescy" paying "xii l iii s iv d" in Yorkshire. The Red Book of the Exchequer records "Eustachius de Vescy" holding "baroniam de Alnewike" with 12 knights’ fees in Northumberland in [1210/12]. The "Testa de Nevill" includes a writ of King John dated 1212 that records "Eustachius de Vesci" holding "baroniam de Alnewye…et molendinum de Warnet" in Northumberland, which had been granted by King Henry I to "Eustachio filio Johannis antecessori ipsius Eustachii." Suspected of treason against John King of England, he fled to Scotland in 1212, was outlawed in England and his property seized. The Annals of Worcester record that “Eustachius de Vesci” fled to Scotland in 1212. After being invited back to England after King John submitted to the Pope, Eustace was restored. He was, however, among the leaders of the barons who required the king to sign Magna Carta. He was marching from the north with Alexander II, King of Scotland, to do homage to Louis de France at Dover when he was killed during the siege of Barnard Castle.
m (Roxburgh 1193) MARGARET, illegitimate daughter of WILLIAM "the Lion" King of Scotland & his mistress --- de Hythus (-after 13 Nov 1218). The Chronicle of Melrose records the marriage in 1193 of "William king of the Scots…his daughter Margaret" and "Eustace de Vesci" at "Rokesburch." A manuscript concerning the founders of Watton priory records that "Eustachium de Vescy" married "Margeria filia Will regis Scotiæ," and his wife. "Margarita de Vescy filia regis Scottis" donated revenue to Kelso monastery by charter dated to [1207] witnessed by "…Dno Eustachio de Vescy dno meo…". "Willelmus de Vesci" confirmed the donation of property "in territorio de Lillecliue" made to Melrose abbey by "Margerie matris mee" by undated charter. Henry III King of England granted custody of "Willelmum filium et heredum Eustachii de Vescy" to "Margarete que fuit uxor Eustachii de Vescy" dated 4 Apr 1218. Probably living 1226.
Eustace & his wife had two children:
- Title: "Magna Charta Barons"
Author: Google Books
Note: Eustace Vesci, surety 1215, Lord of Alnwick
1195 - with King in Palestine - Crusades
1184 - heir - Malton, North Riding, Yorkshire
Brompton, North Riding, Yorkshire
1190 - of age 21
1200 - Yorkshire - EUSTACE Vesci -sought against -
Galfrid Saucenmar & Matilda his wife, formerly wife of William Tilli,whose heir was Ralph Tille his brother
she then held in Dower the town of Rudenham
EUSTACE Vesci stated that the town had been held by his grandfather Eusstace FitzJohn & is descended to his
son William , then to his grandson said EUSTACE Vesci
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