Alfonso de León y Galicia IX

• Preferred Name: Alfonso de León y Galicia IX^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25]}
  
• Alternate Name: Alfonso IX Fernandez Leon
  
• Gender: M
  
• Occupation: Alférez del rey Alfonso VIBET 1076 AND 1077
  
• FSID: L8W6-C4W
  
• Birth: 15 de agosto de 1171 in Zamora, Castilla y León, España at LATI: N1.4995 LONG: E5.7418
  
• Death: 23 SEP 1230 in Sarria, Lugo, Galicia, Spain at LATI: N2.742 LONG: E7.3949
  
• Burial: 29 de septiembre de 1230 in La Coruña, Galicia, España at LATI: N3.3663 LONG: E8.408
  
• Royal House: with note: Description: Castilian House of Ivrea
  
• Christening: 22 AUG 1171
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Alfonso IX (15 August 1171 - 23 or 24 September 1230) was king of León and Galicia from the death of his father Ferdinand II in 1188 until his own death. According to Ibn Khaldun (1332 - 406), he is said to have been called the Baboso or Slobberer because he was subject to fits of rage during which he foamed at the mouth.
  
  He took steps towards modernizing and democratizing his dominion and founded the University of Salamanca in 1212. In 1188 he summoned the first parliament reflecting full representation of the citizenry ever seen in Western Europe, the Cortes of León.
  
  He took a part in the work of the Reconquest, conquering the area of Extremadura (including the cities of Cáceres and Badajoz)
  
  «b»Family«/b»
  Alfonso was born in Zamora. He was the only son of King Ferdinand II of León and Urraca of Portugal. His father was the younger son of Alfonso VII of León and Castile, who divided his kingdoms between his sons, which set the stage for conflict in the family until the kingdoms were re-united by Alfonso IX's son, Ferdinand III of Castile.
  
  «b»Reign«/b»
  Alfonso IX had great difficulty in obtaining the throne through his given birthright. In July 1188 his cousin Alfonso VIII of Castile required the younger Alfonso to recognize the elder as overlord in exchange for recognizing the younger's authority in León.
  
  The convening of the Cortes de León in the cloisters of the Basilica of San Isidoro would be one of the most important events of Alfonso's reign. The difficult economic situation at the beginning of his reign compelled Alfonso to raise taxes on the underprivileged classes, leading to protests and a few towns revolts. In response the king summoned the Cortes, an assembly of nobles, clergy and representatives of cities, and subsequently faced demands for compensatory spending and greater external control and oversight of royal expenditures. Alfonso's convening of the Cortes is considered by many historians, including Australia's John Keane, to be instrumental to the formation of democratic parliaments across Europe. Note that Iceland had already held what may have been what is Europe's first parliament, the Þingvellir, in 930 CE. However, the Cortes' 1188 session predates the first session of the Parliament of England, which occurred in the thirteenth century.
  
  In spite of the democratic precedent represented by the Cortes and the founding of the University of Salamanca, Alfonso is often chiefly remembered for the difficulties his successive marriages caused between him with Pope Celestine III. He was first married in 1191 to his first cousin, Theresa of Portugal, who bore him two daughters, and a son who died young. The marriage was declared null by the papal legate Cardinal Gregory for consanguinity.
  
  After Alfonso VIII of Castile was defeated at the Battle of Alarcos, Alfonso IX invaded Castile with the aid of Muslim troops. He was summarily excommunicated by Pope Celestine III. In 1197, Alfonso IX married his first cousin once removed, Berengaria of Castile, to cement peace between León and Castile. For this second act of consanguinity, the king and the kingdom were placed under interdict by representatives of the Pope. In 1198, Pope Innocent III declared Alfonso and Berengaria's marriage invalid, but they stayed together until 1204. The annulment of this marriage by the pope drove the younger Alfonso to again attack his cousin in 1204, but treaties made in 1205, 1207, and 1209 each forced him to concede further territories and rights. The treaty in 1207 is the first existing public document in the Castilian dialect.
  
  The Pope was, however, compelled to modify his measures by the threat that, if the people could not obtain the services of religion, they would not support the clergy, and that heresy would spread. The king was left under interdict personally, but to that he showed himself indifferent, and he had the support of his clergy.
  
  «b»Children«/b»
  In 1191, he married Theresa of Portugal, daughter of King Sancho I of Portugal and Queen Dulce of Aragon. Between 1191 and 1196, the year in which their marriage was annulled, three children were born:
  
  1.) Sancha (1191 - before 1243) unmarried and without issue. She and her sister Dulce became nuns or retired at the Monastery of San Guillermo Villabuena (León) where she died before 1243.
  
  2.) Ferdinand(1192/1193 - 1214), unmarried and without issue.
  
  3.) Dulce (1193/1194 - 1248).
  
  On 17 November 1197 he married infanta Berengaria of Castile, daughter of King Alfonso VIII of Castile and Leonor of England. Five children were born of this marriage:
  
  1.) Eleanor (1198 - 11 November 1202).
  
  2.) Constance (died in 1242), became a nun at the Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas, Burgos, where she died.
  
  3.) Ferdinand III of Castile (1199/1201 - 1252). King of Castile in 1217 after the death of Henry I of Castile and of León in 1230 after the death of his father.
  
  4.) Alfonso (died in 1272), Lord of Molina due to his first marriage to Mafalda González de Lara.
  
  5.) Berengaria of León (died in 1237), in 1224 married John of Brienne.
  
  Alfonso also fathered many illegitimate children. After the annulment of his first marriage and before wedding Berengaria, he had a relationship which lasted about two years with Inés Íñiguez de Mendoza, daughter of Iñigo López de Mendoza and María García, with whom he had a daughter born around 1197:
  
  1.) Urraca Alfonso, the wife of Lope Díaz II de Haro, Lord of Biscay.
  
  He had another relationship afterwards with a noblewoman from Galicia, Estefanía Pérez de Faiam. In 1211, King Alfonso gave her lands in Orense where her family, as can be inferred from her last will dated 1250, owned many estates, as well as in the north of Portugal. She was the daughter of Pedro Menéndez Faiam, who confirmed several royal charters of King Alfonso IX, and granddaughter of Menendo Faiam, who also confirmed several diplomas issued in Galicia as of 1155 by King Ferdinand II of León. After the relationship ended, Estefanía married Rodrigo Suárez with whom she had issue. In her will, she asked to be buried in the Monastery of Fiães in northern Portugal.
  
  Alfonso IX and Estefanía were the parents of:
  
  1.) Ferdinand Alfonso of León (born in 1211), died young.
  
  According to Spanish historian, Julio González, after his relationship with Estefanía, the king had a lover from Salamanca, of unknown origin, whose name was Maura and with whom he had:
  
  1.) Fernando Alfonso de León (c.1214/1218-Salamanca, 10 January 1278), archdeacon of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, who had issue with Aldara de Ulloa.
  
  Of his relationship with the noblewoman from Portugal, Aldonza Martínez de Silva, daughter of Martim Gomes da Silva and his wife Urraca Rodrigues, which lasted from 1214 to 1218, three children were born:
  
  1.) Rodrigo (c.1214 - 1268), lord of Aliger and Castro del Río, and Adelantado of the March of Andalusia, he married Inés Rodríguez, daughter of Rodrigo Fernández de Valduerna, Lord of Cabrera and alférez of King Alfonso IX.
  
  2.) Aldonza (died after 1267). Married count Pedro Ponce de Cabrera, and had issue. They are the ancestors of the Ponce de León family.
  
  3.) Teresa Alfonso of León, the wife of Nuño González de Lara el Bueno.
  
  King Alfonso's most long-lasting relationship, which began in 1218 and lasted until his death in 1230, was with Teresa Gil de Soverosa. A member of the Portuguese nobility, Teresa was the daughter of Gil Vasques de Soverosa and his first wife María Aires de Fornelos. They had four children, all of them born between 1218 and 1239:
  
  1.) Sancha (d. 1270). Married Simon Ruiz, Lord of Los Cameros. She later became a nun at the convent of Santa Eufemia de Cozuelos which she had founded.
  
  2.) María (died after July 1275). Her first marriage was with Álvaro Fernández de Lara. She was then the concubine of her nephew King Alfonso X of Castile and, according to the Count of Barcelos, her second husband was Suero Arias de Valladares.
  
  3.) Martín (died 1268/1272), married to Maria Mendes de Sousa, founders of the Monastery of Sancti-Spíritus, Salamanca. There was no issue from this marriage.
  
  4.) Urraca (d. after 1252). First married García Romeu, and then Pedro Núñez de Guzmán.
  
  Although Alfonso IX is supposed to have had another son, Pedro Alfonso de León, there is no documentary proof that he was the king's son or that he was the Grand Master of the Order of Santiago.
  
  «b»Death«/b»
  Alfonso IX of León died on 24 September 1230. His death was particularly significant in that his son, Ferdinand III of Castile, who was already the King of Castile also inherited the throne of León from his father. This was thanks to the negotiations of his mother, Berengaria, who convinced her stepdaughters to renounce their claim on the throne. In an effort to quickly consolidate his power over León, Ferdinand III abandoned a military campaign to capture the city of Jaén immediately upon hearing news of his father's death and traveled to León to be crowned king. This coronation united the Kingdoms of León and Castile which would go on to dominate the Iberian Peninsula.
  
  Alphonse IX de León
  Alphonse IX de León, né à Zamora le 15 août 11711 , mort à Sarria le 24 septembre 1230, fut roi de León et de Galice (Rex Legionis et Gallecie) de 1188 à 1230.
  
  Alphonse IX de León était fils de Ferdi
  
  === My PAF Notes ===
  from thepeerage.com, 2/2009:
  Alfonso IX, Rey de Castilla y León1
  M, #102533, b. 15 August 1171, d. 24 September 1230
  Alfonso IX, Rey de Castilla y León|b. 15 Aug 1171\nd. 24 Sep 1230|p10254.htm#i102533|Fernando II, Rey de León|b. bt 1128 - 1149\nd. 21 Jan 1188|p11333.htm#i113324|Urraca de Portugal|b. a 1150\nd. 1188|p11341.htm#i113406|Alfonso V., Rey de Castilla|b. 1105\nd. 21 Aug 1157|p10679.htm#i106782|Berengaria de Provence|d. 3 Feb 1149|p11333.htm#i113325|Afonso I. de Bourgogne, Rei de Portugal|b. 1094\nd. 6 Dec 1185|p11341.htm#i113407|Matilda di Savoia|b. 1125\nd. 4 Dec 1157|p11429.htm#i114285|
  Last Edited=6 Aug 2005
  Consanguinity Index=1.18%
  Alfonso IX, Rey de Castilla y León was born on 15 August 1171 at Zamora, Spain . Hewas also reported to have been born in 1166.1 He was the son of Fernando II, Rey de León and Urraca de Portugal .1 He married, firstly, Theresa de Portugal , daughter of Sancho I de Bourgogne, Rei de Portugal and Dulcia de Provence , in 1190.1 He married, secondly, Berengaria de Castilla , daughter of Alfonso VIII, Rey de Castilla and Eleanor Plantagenet , circa 1198.1 He and Berengaria de Castilla were divorced in 1209. He and Theresa de Portugal were divorced in 1198.1 He died on 24 September 1230 at age 59 at Villanueva de Sarria .
  Alfonso IX, Rey de Castilla y León succeeded to the title of Rey Alfonso IX de Castilla in 1188.1 He succeeded to the title of Rey Alfonso IX de León in 1188.1
  Children of Alfonso IX, Rey de Castilla y León and Berengaria de Castilla
  Fernando III, Rey de Castilla y León + b. 1199, d. 30 May 1252
  Berengaria de Castilla + b. c 1198/99, d. 12 Apr 12372
  Constanza de Castilla b. 1200, d. 1242
  Leonor de Castilla b. 1202, d. 1202
  Alfonso de Castilla, Duque de Molina + b. c 1203/4, d. 12721
  Citations
  [S16 ] Jirí Louda and Michael MacLagan, Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe, 2nd edition (London, U.K.: Little, Brown and Company, 1999), table 47. Hereinafter cited as Lines of Succession.
  [S6 ] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume II, page 59. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage.
  
  === Alfonso IX, King de Leon . Alias: Alfons ===
  Alfonso IX, King de Leon . Alias: Alfonso IX, King de Castile. Born:on 15 Aug 1171 in Zamora, Leon, Spain, son of Fernando II, King deLeon and Urraca, Princess de Portugal. Alfonso IX reigned as King from 1188 to 1230. Married on 15 Feb 1191 in Guimaraes, Portugal: Teresa, Princess dePortugal , daughter of Sancho I, King de Portugal and Dulcia deBarcelone ; Teresa was King Alfonso IX's first wife. Annulled he andTeresa, Princess de Portugal: in 1197. Married in Dec 1197 in Villadolid, Spain: Berengere de Castile,daughter of Alfonso VIII, King de Castile and Eleanor, Princess ofEngland . Annulled he and Berengere de Castile: in 1204 in Spain.Died: on 24 Dec 1230 in Vallanueva de Sarria, Spain, at age 59.
  
  === Resumen ===
  Dos matrimonios realizó Alfonso IX. El primero con Teresa de Portugal, se celebró en la ciudad portuguesa de Guimarães, cuna del reino portucalense. Anulada la unión por motivos de consanguinidad, tras el nacimiento de tres infantes, los monarcas se separaron al ser disuelta la unión por Roma. El segundo matrimonio unió a Alfonso IX con una princesa castellana, hija de Alfonso VIII y su esposa Leonor; las bodas reales se celebraron en el mes de diciembre de 1197 en Santa María de Valladolid. Las capitulaciones matrimoniales, firmadas posteriormente, tuvieron como sede la ciudad castellana de Palencia.
  
  === aka Alfonso III of Castile. Was King of ===
  aka Alfonso III of Castile. Was King of Castile from 1158-1214. Won great victory over the Moors at Navas de Tolosa 1212.
  
  === !Turton's p. 36, 60, 38, 55 !Enc. Am. V1 ===
  !Turton's p. 36, 60, 38, 55 !Enc. Am. V1, p. 378 !Am. Gen. V. 9, p. 100 !Weis
  
  === In 1229 Alfonso took Caceres and Badajoz ===
  In 1229 Alfonso took Caceres and Badajoz in 1230. His son took over the thrown of Castile 1217 and in 1230 he inherited Leon, combined forces of the two kingdoms and was able to conquer all the Guadalquivir valley.
  
  === 1. "Blood Royal, Issue of the Kings and ===
  1. "Blood Royal, Issue of the Kings and Queens of Medieval England 1099 - 1399, The Normans and the Plantagenets", by T. Anna Leese, Heritage Books, Inc., 1996.
  
  === SORLEY'S PEDIGREES (GS NUMBER Q929.242 S ===
  SORLEY'S PEDIGREES (GS NUMBER Q929.242 SO68) P.20, 26, 43; THE PLANTAGENET ANCESTRY (GS NUMBER Q940 D2T) P.34, 38, 39, 168; ANDERSONS'S ROYAL GENEALOGIES (GS NUMBER Q929.2 AN23R) TAB 459; KEISER UND KOENIG HISTOIRE UND GENEALOGIE (GS NUMBER Q940 D22L) TAB 23, 24; BETHAMIS GENEALOGICAL TABLES (GS NUMBER Q929.2 B465G) TAB 234; ANCESTRAL FILE, LDS GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY;
  
  === Sources: RC 52, 83; A. Roots; AF; Kraent ===
  Sources: RC 52, 83; A. Roots; AF; Kraentzler 1050, 1066, 1067, 1091. RC: King of Leon 1188-1229. Also King of Castile (same dates), perhaps through his marriage to Berengaria of Castile, his second wife. K: Alpohonso-Fernandex IX, King of Leon.
  
  === Alfonso lX was a King Of Leon ===
  Alfonso lX was a King Of Leon
  
  === *Alfonso IX Fernandez King of Leon & Cas ===
  *Alfonso IX Fernandez King of Leon & Castile
  born 15 August 1171 Zamora, Leon, Spain
  died 24 September 1230 Villaneuva De Sarria, Lugo, Spain
  
  father:
  *Fernando II Alfonsez King of Leon
  born 1137 Toledo, Castile
  died 22 January 1188 Benavente, Zamora, Castile
  
  mother:
  *Urraca Affonsez Queen of Leon
  born 1151 Coimbra, Portugal
  died 16 October 1188 Valladolid, Spain
  married about June (anulled) 1165 Coimbra, Portugal
  
  siblings:
  unknown
  
  spouse:
  *Berenguela Queen of Castile
  born January or June 1180 Burgos, Castile
  died 8 November 1246 Burgos, Castile
  married December 1197 (anulled) Valladolid, Spain
  
  children:
  *Fernando III "The Saint" King of Castile & Leon
  born 5/19 August 1201 Leon, Spain christened 19 August 1201
  died 30 May 1252 Sevilla, Spain buried Sevilla, Spain
  *Berenguela Princess of Leon & Castile born 1198/99 Leon, Spain died 12 April 1237
  Constanza Princess of Leon & Castile born 1 May 1200 Leon, Spain died 7 September 1242
  Leonor Princess of Leon & Castile born 1202 Leon, Spain died 12 November 1202
  Alfonso Alfonsez Prince of Leon & Castile born 1203/04 Leon, Spain died 6 January 1272 Salamanca, Spain
  
  biographical and/or anecdotal:
  
  notes or source:
  LDS
  
  === MARRIAGE: Sources conflict on who Alfon ===
  MARRIAGE: Sources conflict on who Alfonso married and when. Div (1209) to Berengara. (Royal Index)
  
  === https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_IX_of_Le%C3%B3n ===
  Alonso, Isabel (2002). "Desheredamiento y desafuero, o la pretendida justificación de una revuelta nobiliaria". Cahiers d'Études Hispaniques Médiévales (in Spanish) (25). pp. 99–129. ISSN 2108-7083.Ayala Martínez, Carlos de (1997). "Las órdenes militares en el siglo XII castellano. La consolidación de los maestrazgos". Anuario de Estudios Medievales (in Spanish) (27). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC: Institución Milá y Fontanals. ISSN 0066-5061.
  
  === 1. "Blood Royal, Issue of the Kings and ===
  1. "Blood Royal, Issue of the Kings and Queens of Medieval England 1099- 1399, The Normans and the Plantagenets", by T. Anna Leese, HeritageBooks, Inc., 1996.
  
  === Hijo y sucesor del Rey Fernando II. Conq ===
  Hijo y sucesor del Rey Fernando II. Conquisto de los Moros varias ciudades en Extremadura Estuvo en constante guerra con Alfonso VIII de Castilla. En 1230 derroto a los Moros en Merida. Su hijo con Berenguela, Fernando III reunion Leon y Castilla Alfonso IX "The Slobberer" of Leon
  
  === Alfonso IX (15 August 1171 – 23 or 24 Se ===
  Alfonso IX (15 August 1171 – 23 or 24 September 1230) was king of León and Galicia from the death of his father Ferdinand II in 1188 until his own death. According to Ibn Khaldun, he is said to have been called the Baboso or Slobberer because he was subject to fits of rage during which he foamed at the mouth.
  
  Alfonso was born in Zamora, the only son of King Ferdinand II of León and Urraca of Portugal.[1] He took a part in the work of the reconquest, conquering the whole of Extremadura (including the cities of Cáceres and Badajoz). He took steps towards modernizing and democratizing his dominion, founding the University of Salamanca in 1212 and in 1188 summoning the first parliament reflecting full representation of the citizenry ever seen in Western Europe, the Cortes of León.[2]
  
  The convening of the Cortes de León in the cloisters of the Basilica of San Isidoro would be one of the most important events of Alfonso's reign. The difficult economic situation at the beginning of his reign compelled Alfonso to raise taxes on the underprivileged classes, leading to protests. In response the king summoned the Cortes, an assembly of nobles, clergy and representatives of cities, and subsequently faced demands for compensatory spending and greater external control and oversight of royal expenditures. Alfonso's convening of the Cortes is considered by many historians, including Australia's John Keane,[3] to be instrumental to the formation democratic parliaments across Europe. The Cortes' 1188 session predates the first session of the Parliament of England, which occurred in in the thirteenth century.
  
  In spite of the democratic precedent represented by the Cortes and the founding of the University of Salamanca, Alfonso is often chiefly remembered for the difficulties his successive marriages caused between him with Pope Celestine III. He was first married in 1191 to his cousin, Teresa of Portugal,[2] who bore him two daughters, and a son who died young. The marriage was declared null by the papal legate Cardinal Gregory.
  
  After Alfonso VIII of Castile was defeated at the Battle of Alarcos, Alfonso IX invaded Castile with the aid of Muslim troops.[2] He was summarily excommunicated by Pope Celestine III. In 1197, Alfonso IX married his second cousin, Berenguela of Castile, to cement peace between León and Castile. For this act of consanguinity, the king and the kingdom were placed under interdict by Celestine.[4]
  
  The Pope was, however, compelled to modify his measures by the threat that, if the people could not obtain the services of religion, they would not support the clergy, and that heresy would spread. The king was left under interdict personally, but to that he showed himself indifferent, and he had the support of his clergy. Berenguela left him after the birth of five children, and the king then returned to Teresa, to whose daughters he left his kingdom in his will.
  
  === ALFONSO IX, King of Leon (later Spain), ===
  ALFONSO IX, King of Leon (later Spain), (reign 1188-1229), (d. 1299), has been identified as a descendent of CHARLEMAGNE, Emperor of the West, (reign 0800-0814), (b. 2 Apr 0742, d. 28 Jan 0812/14), through at least 11 partially unique ancestral lines. Each generation of each of the 11 lines in this data base has at least one source citation. HRM Sancho III is the 13th gr. grandson of Charlemagne.
  
  === 12 on 310 Funk and Wagnalls New Encyclo ===
  12 on 310 Funk and Wagnalls New Encyclopedia, 1995 Alfonso IX, king of Leon (1188-1230). In 1197 he married Berengaria (1171-1246), daughter of his first cousin King Alfonso VIII of Castile and granddaughter of King Henry II of England. Pope Innocent III annulled the marriage in 1214 because of the family relationship of Alfonso and Berengaria. Alfonso founded the University of Salamanca and captured Caceres, Badajoz, and Merida from the Muslim Almohads.
  
  === Ruled from 1188-1230. Was first cousin ===
  Ruled from 1188-1230. Was first cousin of Alfonso VIII of Castile. Though he took a part in the work of the reconquest, this king is chiefly remembered by the difficulties into which his successive marriages led him with the pope. He was first married to his cousin Teresa of Portugal, who bore him two daughters, and a son who died young. The marriage was declared null by the pope, to whom Alfonso paid no attention till he was presumably tired of his wife. It cannot have been his conscience which constrained him to leave Teresa, for his next step was to marry Berenguela of Castile, who was his second cousin. For this act of contumacy the king and kingdom were placed under interdict. The pope was, however, compelled to modify his measures by the threat that if the people could not obtain the services of religion they would not support the clergy, and that heresy would spread. The king was left under interdict personally, but to that he showed himself indifferent, and he had the support of his clergy. Berenguela left him after the birth of five children, and the king then returned to Teresa, to whose daughters he left his kingdom by will. Spanish king of León (1188-1230), son and successor of Ferdinand II. He conquered from the Moors several cities in Estremadura and was frequently at war with Alfonso VIII of Castile. His marriages with Teresa of Portugal and Berenguela of Castile were both annulled by the pope. He defeated (1230) the Moors at Mérida. His son by Berenguela, Ferdinand III, reunited (1230) León and Castile. Sources: RootsWeb swilliams10. Type: Book. Author: Stuart, Roderick W. Periodical: Royalty for commoners: the complete known lineage of John of Gaunt. Publication: Genealogical Pub. Co., Baltimore, MD. Text: line 52-26. Type: Book. Periodical: The Columbia Encyclopedia. Type: Book Author: Weis, Frederick Lewis. Periodical: Ancestral roots of certain American colonists who Publication: Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD. Text: line 113- 27
  
  === King of Leon (1188-1230). In 1197 he ma ===
  King of Leon (1188-1230). In 1197 he married Berengaria. Pope InnocentII annulled the marriage in 1214 because of the family relationship ofAlfonso and Berengaria. Alfonso founded the University of Salamanca andcaptured Caceres, Badajoz, and Merida from the Muslim Almohads. Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families, by Michael L. Call, Chart 321 - #2.
  
  ===
  Alfonso IX (15 August 1171 - 23 Septemb ===
  
  Alfonso IX (15 August 1171 - 23 September or 24, 1230), was king of
  León and Galicia, from the death of his father Ferdinand II in 1188
  until his own death. According to Ibn Khaldun, he is said to have been
  called the Baboso or Slobberer because he was subject to fits of rage
  during which he foamed at the mouth.
  
  Alfonso was born in Zamora, the only son of King Ferdinand II of León
  and Urraca of Portugal.[1] He took a part in the work of the
  reconquest, conquering the whole of Extremadura (including the cities
  of Cáceres and Badajoz). He was also the most modern king of his time,
  founding the University of Salamanca in 1212 and summoning in 1188 the
  first parliament with representation of the citizenry ever seen in
  Western Europe, the Cortes of León.[2]
  
  One of the most important events of his reign will be the convening of
  the Cortes de Leon held in the cloisters of the Basilica of San
  Isidoro. The difficult economic situation at the beginning of his
  reign was necessary to raise taxes on the underprivileged classes who
  protested. The king summoned an assembly of nobles, clergy and
  representatives of cities who demanded compensatory and control
  expenditures of the crown. This assembly was included in the third
  state is considered by many historians, like Australia's John
  Keane[3]as instrumental in creating democratic parliaments in Europe
  to be the cortes de Leon before the parliament of England in the
  thirteenth century.
  
  In spite of all the above - some of whose significance became evident
  only later - this king is often remembered mainly for the difficulties
  into which his successive marriages led him with Pope Celestine III.
  He was first married in 1191 to his cousin Teresa of Portugal,[2] who
  bore him two daughters, and a son who died young. The marriage was
  declared null by the papal legate Cardinal Gregory.
  
  After Alfonso VIII of Castile was defeated at the battle of Alarcos,
  Alfonso IX invaded Castile with the aid of Muslim troops.[2] He was
  summarily excommunicated by Pope Celestine III. In 1197, Alfonso IX
  married his second cousin Berenguela of Castile to cement peace
  between Leon and Castile. For this act of consanguinity, the king and
  the kingdom were placed under interdict by Pope Celestine III.[4]
  
  The Pope was, however, compelled to modify his measures by the threat
  that, if the people could not obtain the services of religion, they
  would not support the clergy, and that heresy would spread. The king
  was left under interdict personally, but to that he showed himself
  indifferent, and he had the support of his clergy. Berenguela left him
  after the birth of five children, and the king then returned to
  Teresa, to whose daughters he left his kingdom in his will.
  
  === Alfonso IX ALFONSEZ was King of Leon bet ===
  Alfonso IX ALFONSEZ was King of Leon between 1188 and 1229. MAGNA CHARTA, Part 3; by John S. WURTS of Hedgefield, German Town, PA. (1944); Brookfield Publishing Company, New York; Pages 427 and 433. THE COMPLETE PEERAGE OF ENGLAND (Second Edition); by George Edward COKAYNE; Volume II, Page 59, Note b. CENTURY CYCLOPEDIA OF NAMES; Page 385. CHRISTIAN RECOVERY OF SPAIN; by WATTS; Page 307.
  
  === Alfonso VIII succeeded to the throne on ===
  Alfonso VIII succeeded to the throne on the death of his father, Sancho III. Troubled by interference from Navarre in his youth, he later allied Castile with Aragon, forming a connection that was eventually to become the basis for the unification of Spain. He also extablished Castilian dominance over Leon. From the 1170's he resisted encroachments by the Almohads, Muslim invaders from northern Africa. Defeated by the Muslilm Caliph Yakub Al-Mansur (c.1160-1199) at Alarcos in 1195, Alfonso and his allies won a major victory over the Muslim commander al-Nasir (1158-1225) at Navas de Tolosa in 1212.
  
  === King of Leon (1188-1230). In 1197 he ma ===
  King of Leon (1188-1230). In 1197 he married Berengaria. Pope InnocentII annulled the marriage in 1214 because of the family relationship ofAlfonso and Berengaria. Alfonso founded the University of Salamanca andcaptured Caceres, Badajoz, and Merida from the MuslimAlmohads. Royal Ancestors of Some LDS Families, by Michael L. Call, Chart 321 - #2.
  
  === THE PLANTAGENET ANCESTRY (GS NUMBER Q940 ===
  THE PLANTAGENET ANCESTRY (GS NUMBER Q940 D2T) P.64, 66;
  
  === King of Leon, Spain 1188-1229, ===
  King of Leon, Spain 1188-1229,
  
  === He had gone to the crusade and been the ===
  He had gone to the crusade and been the victor of Los Navas De Tolosa.
  
  === Foamed at the mouth in fits of rage. ===
  Foamed at the mouth in fits of rage.
  
  === Captured Caceres, Badajoz and Merida fro ===
  Captured Caceres, Badajoz and Merida from the Muslim Almohads.
  
  === Alfonso IX, King of Leon, was born in 1 ===
  Alfonso IX, King of Leon, was born in 1166 and died in 1230. He reigned from 1188 to 1230. He married (1) Teresa, daughter of Sancho I. of Portugal, divorced in 1198. He married before 1190 (2) his cousin, Berengaria, Queen of Castile, 1217-1217, daughter of Alfonso VIII., King of Castile, 1158-1214, and his wife, Eleanor, sister of King John of England, and daughter of King Henry II., King of England, and his wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine. The elder Alfonso VIII., Berengaria's father, King of Castile, was son of the Sancho III., King of Castile, 1157-1158, son of Alfonso-Raimund VII. the Emperor, above. Both Alfonso IX and Berengaria were descendants of Roderigo Diaz, El Cid (Lord), the legendary warrior of Spain. Berengaria
  
  === !Alfonso IX, b. 1166, d. 1229, King of L ===
  !Alfonso IX, b. 1166, d. 1229, King of Leon 1188-1229; m. (2) Berengaria of Castile, d. 1244. Ref: (CP II note b; CCN 37). Alphonso IX m. (1) Teresa of Portugal m. Dissolved by Pope as between cousins; m. (2) Second cousin Berengaria of Castile, for which the Pope placed him under the Inderdict; after 5 children with Berengaria, he left her and lived again with Teresa. Ibn Khaldun is said to have called him "The Slobberer" for foaming in rage.

• m. 1218

1. Urraca Alfonso de Leon, b. 1228 in Toledo, Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain     d. 1280 in Cozuelos de Ojeda, Aguilar de Campoo, Palencia, Castilla y León, España
2. María Alfonso de León, b. 1220 in León, León, Castilla y León, Spain     d. JUL 1275 in Burgos, Burgos, Burgos, Castilla y León, Spain

• m. 17 de diciembre de 1197 in Valladolid, Castilla y León, España

1. Alfonso de Molina, b. 27 JAN 1202 in León, Castilla y León, Spain     d. 6 JAN 1272 in Salamanca, Castilla y León, Spain
2. Fernando III de Castilla y de León, b. 24 de junio de 1201 in Peleas de Arriba, Corrales del vino, Zamora, Castilla y León, España     d. 30 de mayo de 1252 in Sevilla, Provincia de Sevilla, Andalucia, Spain
3. Berenguela de León, b. 1204 in León, León, Castilla y León, Spain     d. 12 APR 1237 in Constantinople, Turkey

1. Aldonza Alfonso de León, b. 1207 in León, León, Castilla Y León, España     d. 1266 in San Esteban de Nogales, León, Castilla y León, Spain

• m. 1191 in Guimarães, Braga, Portugal

1. Dulce de León I, b. 1194 in León, León, Castilla y León, Spain     d. 1248 in Lorvão, Penacova, Coimbra, Portugal

1. Urraca Alfonso de León, b. ABT 1197 in Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain     d. ABT 1250 in Andalusia, Spain

1. Title: Global, Find A Grave Index for Burials at Sea and other Select Burial Locations, 1300s-Current
   Publication: Name: https://search.ancestry.com/collections/60541/records/1630357;
   
2. Title: Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-Current
   Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?dbid=9289&h=17085317&indiv=try;
   
3. Title: US & British Isle, Joseph Thomas Biographical Dictionary: 1890
   Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?dbid=6142&h=1078&indiv=try;
   
4. Title: Alfonso IX de Leon, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVLG-KM6P : 24 February 2022), Alfonso IX de Leon, ; Burial, Santiago de Compostela, Provincia da La Coruña, Galicia, Spain, Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela; citing record ID 101385377, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVLG-KM6P;
   
5. Title: Global, Find A Grave Index for Burials at Sea and other Select Burial Locations, 1300s-Current
   Publication: Name: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/101385377;
   
6. Title: Legacy NFS Source: IX King of Leon Alfonso -
   Author: Stirnet.com, Peter Barns-Graham, Chairman, Name: http://www.stirnet.com;, Page number: Castile1, Brienne1
   Note: Peter Barns-Graham, Chairman, Stirnet.com (http://www.stirnet.com).
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3246398939
   
7. Title: Curia and Cortes in León and Castile 1072-1295‎
   Author: Procter, Evelyn Stefanos. Curia and Cortes in León and Castile, 1072-1295. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1980. Print.
   Publication: Name: https://books.google.com/books?id=KawpwKsRy70C&pg=PA75&lpg=PA75&dq=alfonso+ix+of+castilla+of+león+birth+documents&source=bl&ots=167nymVrmz&sig=QDhgY_vvML1HmTZblMvGuZDuqOU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBWoVChMIl4jNtvzPyAIVgaceCh0HqgL-#v=onepage&q=alfonso%20ix%20of%20castilla%20of%20león%20birth%20documents&f=false;
   Note: The book covers the time of rule between Fernando II and his heir and son, Alfonso IX. The text states his name and title. Wife is credited on page 47. Relationship between Fernando II and Alfonso IX are somewhat explained in the start of page 51. The book also includes dates of birth and death dates.
   Page: It is totally credible and is backed by the research of a professor at the University of Cambridge.
   
8. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Alfonso IX King of Leon -
   Author: Encyclopedia Britannica, Page number: Treatise on Alfonso IX
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2736742378
   
9. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Alphonso Fernandez - Fact 2: ; Āt, Gujarat, India
   Author: Lineage & Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, Gerald Paget, Skilton, Edinburgh 1977, Page number: Vol I p 69
   Note: Fact 2: ; Āt, Gujarat, India ABBR Lineage & Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales birth: 15 August 1171; Zamora, Spain ABBR Lineage & Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales death: 24 September 1230; Sarria, Lugo, Spain ABBR Lineage & Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales birth-name: Alphonso Fernandez ABBR Lineage & Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2037061104
   
10. Title: Wikipedia article Alfonso IX of León
    Author: Wikipedia
    Publication: Name: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso_IX_of_Le%C3%B3n;
    Note: Alfonso IX (15 August 1171 – 23 or 24 September 1230) was king of León and Galicia from the death of his father Ferdinand II in 1188 until his own death.
    
11. Title: Alfonso IX de Leon, "Find A Grave Index"
    Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVLG-KM6P : 24 February 2022), Alfonso IX de Leon, ; Burial, Santiago de Compostela, Provincia da La Coruña, Galicia, Spain, Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela; citing record ID 101385377, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVLG-KM6P;
    
12. Title: Anuario de la nobleza española
    Publication: Name: https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=FLHUSA2006A_01573051_3&h=1972674&ti=0&indiv=try&gss=pt;
    
13. Title: Unsourced citation
    
14. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Alphonso Fernandez - birth: 15 August 1171; Zamora, Spain
    Author: Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily De Neville A Royal StudyandChartin g to the Begining, Kraentzler, Ernst-Friedrich, 17 OCT 1994, Page number: chart 1066
    Note: birth: 15 August 1171; Zamora, Spain ABBR Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily De Neville A Royal Study andChartin g to the Begining death: 24 September 1230; Sarria, Lugo, Spain ABBR Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily De Neville A Royal Study andChartin g to the Begining birth-name: Alphonso Fernandez ABBR Ancestry of Richard Plantagenet and Cecily De Neville A Royal Study andChartin g to the Begining
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2037060948
    
15. Title: Alfonso IX, King of León, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CASTILE.htm#AlfonsoIXLeondied1230A [See document in the Memories section]
    Note: Alfonso IX, King of León, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CASTILE.htm#AlfonsoIXLeondied1230A [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Alfonso IX, King of León, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CASTILE.htm#AlfonsoIXLeondied1230A [See document in the Memories section]
    
16. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Alfonso IX King of Leon -
    Author: Royalty for Commoners, 2nd Ed; Roderick W Stuart {1988}, Page number: 52-26, 83-26
    Note: Source Media Type: Book
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2736742394
    
17. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Alfonso IX King of Leon -
    Author: Ancestral Roots of Certain Americian Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr, Page number: 110-28, 114-27
    Note: Source Media Type: Book
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2736741115
    
18. Title: ark:/61903/1:1:QVLG-KM6P
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVLG-KM6P;
    
19. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Fernandez Alfonso ( El Barboro) de Castile Ix -
    Author: Royal Index, University of Hull, England, Internet, Internet, www.dcs.hull.ac.uk
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2332880681
    
20. Title: U.S. and International Marriage Records, 1560-1900
    Author: Source number: 496.000; Source type: Electronic Database; Number of Pages: 1; Submitter Code: GL1
    Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?dbid=7836&h=735896&indiv=try;
    
21. Title: Anales de la nobleza de España
    Publication: Name: https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=Genealogy-glh47067255&h=264&ti=0&indiv=try&gss=pt;
    
22. Title: Jean de Brienne, King of Jerusalem and Emperor of Constantinople, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/chambrien.htm#JeanBriennedied1237 [See document in the Memories section]
    Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/chambrien.htm#JeanBriennedied1237;
    Note: Jean de Brienne, King of Jerusalem and Emperor of Constantinople, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/chambrien.htm#JeanBriennedied1237 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Jean de Brienne, King of Jerusalem and Emperor of Constantinople, in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/chambrien.htm#JeanBriennedied1237 [See document in the Memories section]
    
23. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Alphonso Fernandez - birth-name: Alphonso Fernandez
    Author: Omnibus, The Augustan Society, Page number: Vol 12 p 102
    Note: birth-name: Alphonso Fernandez ABBR Omnibus
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2037061039
    
24. Title: Berengaria of Castile (1179-1246), Wikipedia
    Author: The in-line references, in the quoted text I have extracted, as numbered below, are under the headings 'Notes' and 'References' in the Wikipedia article -- [1]. The full title was Regina Castelle et Toleti (Queen of Castille and Toledo). [2]. de la Cruz 2006, p. 9. [3]. Martínez Diez 2007, p. 46. [5]. pp. 33–34; [14]. pp. 61–66; [18]. p. 70; [40]. p. 165; [42]. p. 164 {'buried at Las Huelgas near Burgos'}; [43]. pp. 63,74–76; [46]. pp. 7–16; [{ALL Shadis 2010}] [16]. Reilly 1993, p. 133. [17]. Howden 1964, p. 79, vol. 4. [41]. Burke 1895, p. 239. {'She died 8 November 1246'} [44]. Túy 2003. [45]. Osma 1997.
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berengaria_of_Castile;
    Note: 1/. Life Summary Table: -- Berengaria, Queen regnant of Castile and Toledo -- Reign 6 June – 31 August 1217 Predecessor Henry I Successor Ferdinand III Queen consort of León Tenure 1197–1204 Born 1179 or 1180, Burgos Died 8 November 1246 (aged 66), Las Huelgas near Burgos Burial Las Huelgas near Burgos Spouse Conrad II, Duke of Swabia, m.1187 – dec.1196 Alfonso IX of León, m.1197 – annul.1204 Issue: more...{this is a link} Ferdinand III of Castile Alfonso of Molina Berengaria of León House House of Ivrea Father Alfonso VIII of Castile Mother Eleanor of England Religion Roman Catholicism 2/. Introduction, para 1: -- "Berengaria (Castilian: Berenguela; 1179 or 1180 – 8 November 1246) was Queen of Castile[1] in 1217 and Queen consort of León from 1197 to 1204. As the eldest child and heir presumptive of Alfonso VIII of Castile, she was a sought after bride, and was engaged to Conrad, the son of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. After his death, she married her cousin, Alfonso IX of León, to secure the peace between him and her father. She had five children with him before their marriage was voided by Pope Innocent III." 3/. Under the heading "Early family life" : Para 1 -- " Berengaria was born either in 1179[2][3] or 1180,[3][4] in Burgos.[3] She was the eldest daughter of King Alfonso VIII of Castile and Eleanor of England. Those who cared for the young infanta were generously rewarded.[5] Her nurse, Estefanía, received land from Alfonso and Eleanor on her retirement in May of 1181.[5] Another nurse, Elvira, received a similar retirement gift in 1189 at Berengaria's request.[5] " 4/. Under the heading "Marriage to Alfonso IX" : Para 1 -- "In order to help secure peace between Castile and León, Berengaria married Alfonso IX of León, her first cousin once removed, in Valladolid in 1197.[14] As part of the marriage, and in accordance with Spanish customs of the time, she received direct control over a number of castles and lands within León.[14] Most of these were along the border with Castile, and the nobles who ran them in her name were allowed to seek justice from either king in the event of being wronged by the other.[14] In turn, these knights were charged with maintaining the peace along the border in the queen's name.[15]" 5/. Under the heading "Marriage to Alfonso IX" : Paragraphs 2 and 3 -- "Berengaria and Alfonso IX had five children: Eleanor (1198/1199 – 1202). Constance (1200 – 1242), a nun in the Abbey of las Huelgas. Ferdinand III (1201 – 1252), King of Castile and León. Alfonso (1203 – 1272), Lord of Molina and Mesa by his first marriage. He married, first, Mafalda de Lara, heiress of Molina and Mesa, second, Teresa Núñez, and third, Mayor Téllez de Meneses, Lady of Montealegre and Tiedra, by whom he was the father of María of Molina, wife of King Sancho IV of León and Castile. Berengaria (1204 – 1237), married John of Brienne, King of Jerusalem." Starting in 1198, Pope Innocent III objected to the marriage on the grounds of consanguinity, though the couple stayed together until 1204.[16] They vehemently sought a dispensation in order to stay together, including offering large sums of money.[17] However, the pope denied their request, although they succeeded in having their children considered legitimate.[18] Her marriage dissolved, Berengaria returned to Castile and to her parents in May 1204, where she dedicated herself to the care of her children.[18] 6/. Under the heading "Patronage and legacy" : Paragraphs 1 and 2 -- " She {Berengaria} met with her son {Ferdinand} a final time in Pozuelo de Calatrava in 1245, afterwards returning to Toledo.[40] She died 8 November 1246,[41] and was buried at Las Huelgas near Burgos.[42] Much like her mother {Eleanor of England}, she was a strong patron of religious institutions.[43] She worked with her mother to support the Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas.[43] As queen of León, she supported the Order of Santiago and supported the Basilica of San Isidoro, not only donating to it, but also exempting it from any taxes.[43] She re-established the tradition of Leónese royal women supporting the Monastery of San Pedro de Eslonza, last performed by her great-grand aunt, Sancha Raimúndez.[43]" 7/. Under the heading "Patronage and legacy" : Paragraph -- "She is portrayed as a wise and virtuous woman by the chroniclers of the time.[44][45][46] She was also concerned with literature and history, charging Lucas de Tuy to compose a chronicle on the Kings of Castile and León to aid and instruct future rulers of the joint kingdom.[44] She herself was discussed in the works of Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada, whose work was sponsored by her son Ferdinand, and Juan of Osma,[45] who was chancellor of Castile under Ferdinand.[46]" 8/. Under the heading "References" -- Burke, Ulick Ralph (1895). A History of Spain from the Earliest Times to the Death of Ferdinand the Catholic. Vol. 1. London: Longmans, Green, and Co. de la Cruz, Valentín (2006). Berenguela la Grande, Enrique I el Chico (1179–1246). Gijón: Ediciones Trea. ISBN 978-84-9704-208-6. Flórez, Enrique (1761). Memorias de las reynas catholicas, historia genealogica de la casa real de Castilla, y de Leon... Vol. 1. Madrid: Marin. González, Julio (1960). El reino de Castilla en la época de Alfonso VIII. 3 vol. Madrid: CSIC. Howden, Roger (1964). Stubbs, William, ed. Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene. Wiesbaden: Kraus Reprint. Martínez Diez, Gonzalo (2007). Alfonso VIII, rey de Castilla y Toledo (1158-1214). Gijón: Ediciones Trea. ISBN 978-84-9704-327-4. Osma, Juan (1997). "Chronica latina regum Castellae". In Brea, Luis Charlo. Chronica Hispana Saeculi XIII. Turnhout: Brepols. Reilly, Bernard F. (1993). The Medieval Spains. Cambridge University Press. Shadis, Miriam (1999), "Berenguela of Castile's Political Motherhood", in Parsons, John Carmi; Wheeler, Bonnie, Medieval Mothering, New York: Taylor & Francis, ISBN 978-0-8153-3665-5 Shadis, Miriam (2010). Berenguela of Castile (1180–1246) and Political Women in the High Middle Ages. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-23473-7. Túy, Lucas (2003). Rey, Emma Falque, ed. Chronicon mundi. Turnhout: Brepols. Wright, Roger (2000). El tratado de Cabreros (1206): estudio sociofilológico de una reforma ortográfica. London: Queen Mary and Westfield College.
    Page: This source provides information about the life and family of Berengaria of Castile and her husband Alfonso IX of Leon; also with in-line citations and the important BDM dates. It is a very comprehensive source for a key person who provides a genealogical portal to our ancestors Charlemagne and the Franks, Rollo of Normandy and his Viking ancestors, and to even further antiquity.
    
25. Title: United States Obituary Collection
    Author: Publication Date: 13 01 2011; Publication Place: Global, ,
    Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?dbid=7545&h=23843719&indiv=try;