Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd

• Preferred Name: Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Conquers+territory+of+Gwynedd,+and+appointed+Overlord...: ABT 1203 in Gwynedd, Wales at LATI: N2.9553 LONG: E4.0594
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Prince of Wales
  
• Birth: 1174 in Aberffraw Castle, Anglesey, Wales at LATI: N3.1919 LONG: E4.4644 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: King of Gwynedd and Prince of Wales under King John I and King Henry III of EnglandBET 1194 AND 1240 in Wales at LATI: N2.3302 LONG: E3.7664
  
• Nickname:
  
• Invasion: 1215 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England at LATI: N2.7079 LONG: E2.7544 with note: Description: Llywelyn beseiged Shrewsbury and the town surrendured to him. Source: Brut y Tywysogion
  
• FSID: 9HFS-PKH
  
• Burial: 1240 in Cistercian abbey of Aberconwy, Conwy, Caernarfonshire, Wales at LATI: N3.2844 LONG: E3.8471
  
• He gained the title of Prince Llywelyn of North Wales: 1195 with note: GEDCOM data
  
• MilitaryService: In 1194, with the aid of his cousins Gruffudd ap Cynan and Maredudd ap Cynan, Llywelyn defeated his uncle Dafydd ab Owain at the Battle of Aberconwy1194 in Aberconwy, Conwy, Caernarvonshire, Wales at LATI: N3.2844 LONG: E3.8471
  
• Death: 11 APR 1240 in Cistercian Abbey of Aberconwy, Conwy, Caernarfonshire, Wales at LATI: N3.2844 LONG: E3.8471
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Llywelyn the Great of Gwynedd
  Llywelyn the Great (Welsh: Llywelyn Fawr, [ɬəˈwɛlɪn vaʊ̯r]), full name Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, (c. 1173 – 11 April 1240) was a King of Gwynedd in north Wales and eventually ruler of all Wales. By a combination of war and diplomacy he dominated Wales for 45 years.
  
  During Llywelyn's childhood, Gwynedd was ruled by two of his uncles, who split the kingdom between them, following the death of Llywelyn's grandfather, Owain Gwynedd, in 1170. Llywelyn had a strong claim to be the legitimate ruler and began a campaign to win power at an early age. He was sole ruler of Gwynedd by 1200 and made a treaty with King John of England that year. Llywelyn's relations with John remained good for the next ten years. He married John's natural daughter Joan in 1205, and when John arrested Gwenwynwyn ap Owain of Powys in 1208, Llywelyn took the opportunity to annex southern Powys. In 1210, relations deteriorated, and John invaded Gwynedd in 1211. Llywelyn was forced to seek terms and to give up all lands east of the River Conwy, but was able to recover them the following year in alliance with the other Welsh princes. He allied himself with the barons who forced John to sign Magna Carta in 1215. By 1216, he was the dominant power in Wales, holding a council at Aberdyfi that year to apportion lands to the other princes.
  
  Following King John's death, Llywelyn concluded the Treaty of Worcester with his successor, Henry III, in 1218. During the next fifteen years, Llywelyn was frequently involved in fights with Marcher lords and sometimes with the king, but also made alliances with several major powers in the Marches. The Peace of Middle in 1234 marked the end of Llywelyn's military career, as the agreed truce of two years was extended year by year for the remainder of his reign. He maintained his position in Wales until his death in 1240 and was succeeded by his son Dafydd ap Llywelyn.
  
  Llywelyn was born about 1173, the son of Iorwerth ab Owain and the grandson of Owain Gwynedd, who had been ruler of Gwynedd until his death in 1170. Llywelyn was a descendant of the senior line of Rhodri Mawr and therefore a member of the princely house of Gwynedd. He was probably born at Dolwyddelan, though not in the present Dolwyddelan Castle, which was built by Llywelyn himself. He may have been born in the old castle which occupied a rocky knoll on the valley floor. Little is known about his father, Iorwerth Drwyndwn, who died when Llywelyn was an infant. There is no record of Iorwerth having taken part in the power struggle between some of Owain Gwynedd's other sons following Owain's death, although he was the eldest surviving son. There is a tradition that he was disabled or disfigured in some way that excluded him from power. J. E. Lloyd states that Iorwerth was killed in battle at Pennant Melangell, in Powys, in 1174 during the wars deciding the succession following the death of his father.
  
  By 1175, Gwynedd had been divided between two of Llywelyn's uncles. Dafydd ab Owain held the area east of the River Conwy and Rhodri ab Owain held the west. Dafydd and Rhodri were the sons of Owain by his second marriage to Cristin verch Goronwy. This marriage was not considered valid by the church as Cristin was Owain's first cousin, a degree of relationship which according to Canon law prohibited marriage. Giraldus Cambrensis refers to Iorwerth Drwyndwn as the only legitimate son of Owain Gwynedd. Following Iorwerth's death, Llywelyn was, at least in the eyes of the church, the legitimate claimant to the throne of Gwynedd.
  
  Llywelyn's mother was Marared, occasionally anglicised to Margaret, daughter of Madog ap Maredudd, prince of Powys. There is evidence that, after her first husband's death, Marared married in the summer of 1197, Gwion, the nephew of Roger Powys of Whittington Castle with whom she had a son, David ap Gwion. Therefore, some maintain that Marared never married into the Corbet family of Caus Castle (near Westbury, Shropshire) and later, Moreton Corbet Castle. However, there is in existence a grant of land from Llywelyn ab Iorworth to the monastery of Wigmore, in which Llywelyn indicates his mother was a member of the house of Corbet, leaving the issue unresolved.
  ...
  Following his capture, William de Braose decided to ally himself to Llywelyn, and a marriage was arranged between his daughter Isabella and Llywelyn's heir, Dafydd ap Llywelyn. At Easter 1230, William visited Llywelyn's court. During this visit he was found in Llywelyn's chamber together with Llywelyn's wife Joan. On 2 May, de Braose was hanged; Joan was placed under house arrest for a year. The Brut y Tywysogion chronicler commented: "that year William de Breos the Younger, lord of Brycheiniog, was hanged by the lord Llywelyn in Gwynedd, after he had been caught in Llywelyn's chamber with the king of England's daughter, Llywelyn's wife."
  A letter from Llywelyn to William's wife, Eva de Braose, written shortly after the execution enquires whether she still wishes the marriage between Dafydd and Isabella to take place. The marriage did go ahead, and the following year Joan was forgiven and restored to her position as princess.
  ...
  Llywelyn married Joan, natural daughter of King John of England, in 1205. Llywelyn and Joan had three identified children in the records but in all probability had more, as Llywelyn's children were fully recognized during his marriage to Joan whilst his father-in-law, King John, was alive. Little is known of Llywelyn's mistress, Tangwystl Goch, except that she was the daughter of Llywarch "Goch" of Rhos. The identity of the mother of some of Llywelyn's children before this union is uncertain, but the following are recorded in contemporary or near-contemporary records.
  
  Children by Joan:
  
  1. Dafydd ap Llywelyn (c. 1212–1246)
  
  2. Elen (Helen) ferch Llywelyn (c. 1206–1253) married John Earl of Huntington, and secondly Robert de Quincy.
  
  3. Susanna ferch Llywelyn (died after November 1228) King Henry III of England granted the upbringing of "L. princeps Norwallie et Johanna uxor sua et…soror nostra Susannam filiam suam" to "Nicholao de Verdun et Clementie uxori sue" by order dated 24 November 1228. Her birth date is estimated on the assumption that Susanna was under marriageable age, but older than an infant, at the time.
  
  4. Marared ferch Llywelyn (died after 1268), married John de Braose in 1219, and secondly (c. 1232) Walter III de Clifford; she had issue by both husbands.
  
  5. Elen the Younger ferch Llywelyn (born before 1230; died after 16 February 1295), married firstly Máel Coluim II, Earl of Fife (son of Duncan Macduff of Fife and wife Alice Corbet), and secondly (after 1266) Domhnall I, Earl of Mar (son of William, Earl of Mar and first wife Elizabeth Comyn of Buchan). Elen and Domhall's daughter, Isabella of Mar, married Robert, the Bruce, King of Scots and had one child by him, Marjorie Bruce, who was the mother of the first Stewart monarch, Robert II of Scotland.
  
  Children by Tangwystl Goch (died c. 1198)
  
  1. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (c. 1196–1244) He was Llywelyn's eldest son. He married Senena, daughter of Caradoc ap Thomas of Anglesey. Their sons included Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, who for a period occupied a position in Wales comparable to that of his grandfather, and Dafydd ap Gruffydd who ruled Gwynedd briefly after his brother's death.
  
  Children whose parentage is uncertain:
  
  1. Gwladus Ddu (c. 1206–1251), probable daughter by Joan. She married Sir Randulph Mortimer
  
  2. Angharad ferch Llywelyn (c. 1212–1256), probable daughter by Joan; married Maelgwn Fychan
  
  3. Tegwared y Baiswen ap Llywelyn (c. 1215), a son by a woman named as Crysten in some sources, a possible twin of Angharad.
  
  4. Elen the Younger ferch Llywelyn (born before 1230; died after 16 February 1295), married firstly Máel Coluim II, Earl of Fife (son of Duncan Macduff of Fife and wife Alice Corbet), and secondly (after 1266) Domhnall I, Earl of Mar (son of William, Earl of Mar and first wife Elizabeth Comyn of Buchan). Elen and Domhall's daughter, Isabella of Mar, married Robert, the Bruce, King of Scots and had one child by him, Marjorie Bruce, who was the mother of the first Stewart monarch, Robert II of Scotland.
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_the_Great
  
  Dolwyddelan
  From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  Dolwyddelan
  Welsh: Dolwyddelan
  
  Part of the village of Dolwyddelan
  Dolwyddelan, (Welsh language : the meadow of Gwyddelan) is a village and community in Co
  
  BBC information & photos
  http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/history/sites/themes/society/royalty_llywelyn_ab_iorwerth.shtml
  
  several great photos
  http://www.castlewales.com/llewelyn.html
  
  History of Llywelyn "The Great" (1173-1240)
  Llywelyn the Great (Welsh: Llywelyn Fawr, [ɬəˈwɛlɪn vaʊ̯r]), full name Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, (c. 1173 – 11 April 1240) was a King of Gwynedd in north Wales and eventually ruler of all Wales. By a comb
  
  Llywelyn the Great (Welsh: Llywelyn Fawr), full name Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, (c. 1172-11 April 1240)
  Llywelyn the Great (Welsh: Llywelyn Fawr), full name Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, (c. 1172-11 April 1240) was a Prince of Gwynedd in north Wales and eventually de facto ruler over most of Wales. By a combina
  
  Llywelyn the Great (Welsh: Llywelyn Fawr), full name Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, (c. 1172-11 April 1240)
  Llywelyn the Great (Welsh: Llywelyn Fawr), full name Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, (c. 1172-11 April 1240) was a Prince of Gwynedd in north Wales and eventually de facto ruler over most of Wales. By a combina
  
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  === !#4569> Welsh Genealogies Ad 1400-1500,- ===
  !#4569> Welsh Genealogies Ad 1400-1500,-v9-p1426 (FHL 942.9 D2fw); #1039> Anglesey Pedigrees-p316 (FHL 942.9 D2gr); !#771> Powys Fadog-v6-p413 (FHL 942.9 D2l); #772> Archaeologia Cambrensis-5s-v4-p306 (FHL 942.9 B2c);
  
  === !#4568-v10-p745; ===
  !#4568-v10-p745;
  
  === Llywelyn the Great (Welsh: Llywelyn Fawr ===
  Llywelyn the Great (Welsh: Llywelyn Fawr, [ɬəˈwɛlɪn vaʊ̯r]), full name Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, (c. 1173 – 11 April 1240) was a King of Gwynedd in north Wales and eventually ruler of all Wales. By a combination of war and diplomacy he dominated Wales for 45 years.
  
  During Llywelyn's childhood, Gwynedd was ruled by two of his uncles, who split the kingdom between them, following the death of Llywelyn's grandfather, Owain Gwynedd, in 1170. Llywelyn had a strong claim to be the legitimate ruler and began a campaign to win power at an early age. He was sole ruler of Gwynedd by 1200 and made a treaty with King John of England that year. Llywelyn's relations with John remained good for the next ten years. He married John's illegitimate daughter Joan in 1205.
  
  When John arrested Gwenwynwyn ap Owain of Powys in 1208, Llywelyn took the opportunity to annex southern Powys. In 1210, relations deteriorated, and John invaded Gwynedd in 1211. Llywelyn was forced to seek terms and to give up all lands east of the River Conwy, but was able to recover them the following year in alliance with the other Welsh princes. He allied himself with the barons who forced John to sign Magna Carta in 1215. By 1216, he was the dominant power in Wales, holding a council at Aberdyfi that year to apportion lands to the other princes.
  
  Following King John's death, Llywelyn concluded the Treaty of Worcester with his successor, Henry III, in 1218. During the next fifteen years, Llywelyn was frequently involved in fights with Marcher lords and sometimes with the king, but also made alliances with several major powers in the Marches. The Peace of Middle in 1234 marked the end of Llywelyn's military career, as the agreed truce of two years was extended year by year for the remainder of his reign. He maintained his position in Wales until his death in 1240 and was succeeded by his son Dafydd ap Llywelyn.
  
  Llywelyn was born about 1173, the son of Iorwerth ab Owain and the grandson of Owain Gwynedd, who had been ruler of Gwynedd until his death in 1170. Llywelyn was a descendant of the senior line of Rhodri Mawr and therefore a member of the princely house of Gwynedd. He was probably born at Dolwyddelan, though not in the present Dolwyddelan Castle, which was built by Llywelyn himself. He may have been born in the old castle which occupied a rocky knoll on the valley floor. Little is known about his father, Iorwerth Drwyndwn, who died when Llywelyn was an infant.
  
  There is no record of Iorwerth having taken part in the power struggle between some of Owain Gwynedd's other sons following Owain's death, although he was the eldest surviving son. There is a tradition that he was disabled or disfigured in some way that excluded him from power. J. E. Lloyd states that Iorwerth was killed in battle at Pennant Melangell, in Powys, in 1174 during the wars deciding the succession following the death of his father.
  
  By 1175, Gwynedd had been divided between two of Llywelyn's uncles. Dafydd ab Owain held the area east of the River Conwy and Rhodri ab Owain held the west. Dafydd and Rhodri were the sons of Owain by his second marriage to Cristin verch Goronwy. This marriage was not considered valid by the church as Cristin was Owain's first cousin, a degree of relationship which according to Canon law prohibited marriage. Giraldus Cambrensis refers to Iorwerth Drwyndwn as the only legitimate son of Owain Gwynedd. Following Iorwerth's death, Llywelyn was, at least in the eyes of the church, the legitimate claimant to the throne of Gwynedd.
  
  Llywelyn's mother was Marared, occasionally anglicised to Margaret, daughter of Madog ap Maredudd, prince of Powys. There is evidence that, after her first husband's death, Marared married in the summer of 1197, Gwion, the nephew of Roger Powys of Whittington Castle with whom she had a son, David ap Gwion.
  
  Therefore, some maintain that Marared never married into the Corbet family of Caus Castle (near Westbury, Shropshire) and later, Moreton Corbet Castle. However, there is in existence a grant of land from Llywelyn ab Iorworth to the monastery of Wigmore, in which Llywelyn indicates his mother was a member of the house of Corbet, leaving the issue unresolved.
  ...
  Following his capture, William de Braose decided to ally himself to Llywelyn, and a marriage was arranged between his daughter Isabella and Llywelyn's heir, Dafydd ap Llywelyn. At Easter 1230, William visited Llywelyn's court. During this visit he was found in Llywelyn's chamber together with Llywelyn's wife Joan.
  
  On 2 May, de Braose was hanged; Joan was placed under house arrest for a year. The Brut y Tywysogion chronicler commented: "that year William de Breos the Younger, lord of Brycheiniog, was hanged by the lord Llywelyn in Gwynedd, after he had been caught in Llywelyn's chamber with the king of England's daughter, Llywelyn's wife."
  
  A letter from Llywelyn to William's wife, Eva de Braose, written shortly after the execution enquires whether she still wishes the marriage between Dafydd and Isabella to take place. The marriage did go ahead, and the following year Joan was forgiven and restored to her position as princess.
  ...
  Llywelyn married Joan, illegitimate daughter of King John of England, in 1205. Llywelyn and Joan had three identified children in the records but in all probability had more, as Llywelyn's children were fully recognized during his marriage to Joan whilst his father-in-law, King John, was alive. Little is known of Llywelyn's mistress, Tangwystl Goch, except that she was the daughter of Llywarch "Goch" of Rhos. The identity of the mother of some of Llywelyn's children before this union is uncertain, but the following are recorded in contemporary or near-contemporary records.
  
  Children by Joan
  1. Dafydd ap Llywelyn (c. 1212–1246)
  2. Elen (Helen) ferch Llywelyn (c. 1206–1253) married John Earl of Huntington, and secondly Robert de Quincy.
  3. Susanna ferch Llywelyn (died after November 1228) King Henry III of England granted the upbringing of "L. princeps Norwallie et Johanna uxor sua et…soror nostra Susannam filiam suam" to "Nicholao de Verdun et Clementie uxori sue" by order dated 24 November 1228. Her birth date is estimated on the assumption that Susanna was under marriageable age, but older than an infant, at the time.
  4. Marared ferch Llywelyn (died after 1268), married John de Braose in 1219, and secondly (c. 1232) Walter III de Clifford; she had issue by both husbands.
  
  Children by Tangwystl Goch (died c. 1198)
  1. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (c. 1196–1244) He was Llywelyn's eldest son. He married Senena, daughter of Caradoc ap Thomas of Anglesey. Their sons included Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, who for a period occupied a position in Wales comparable to that of his grandfather, and Dafydd ap Gruffydd who ruled Gwynedd briefly after his brother's death.
  
  Children whose parentage is uncertain
  1. Gwladus Ddu (c. 1206–1251), probable daughter by Joan. She married Sir Randulph Mortimer
  2. Angharad ferch Llywelyn (c. 1212–1256), probable daughter by Joan; married Maelgwn Fychan
  3. Tegwared y Baiswen ap Llywelyn (c. 1215), a son by a woman named as Crysten in some sources, a possible twin of Angharad.
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_the_Great
  
  !#4569-v1-p92; !ASSUMPTION: place of residence unknown, placed here for recording purposes;
  
  !#4569> Welsh Genealogies Ad 1400-1500,-v9-p1426 (FHL 942.9 D2fw); #1039> Anglesey Pedigrees-p316 (FHL 942.9 D2gr); !#771> Powys Fadog-v6-p413 (FHL 942.9 D2l); #772> Archaeologia Cambrensis-5s-v4-p306 (FHL 942.9 B2c);
  
  !#4568-v7-p516
  
  !#4568-v6-p406; v8-p583; Esquire to Edward III; !#771-v3-p30;
  
  !#4568-v10-p745;
  
  !#4569-v5-p689;
  
  BIRTH-MARRIAGE:"WELSH GENEALOGIES AD300-1400," by Peter Clement Bartrum, published by The University of Wales Press, 1980. !Esquire to Edward III.
  
  Llywelyn the Great
  From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
  (Redirected from Llywelyn Fawr)
  Llywelyn ap Iorwerth (c. 1173–April 11, 1240) was a Prince of Gwynedd.Although he is often referred to as a Prince of Wales, his officialtitle was "Prince of Aberffraw and Lord of Snowdon" (the first"official" Prince of Wales was his son, Dafydd). He was also known asLlywelyn the Great or, in Welsh, Llywelyn Fawr.
  
  Llywelyn was born in 1173, the grandson of Owain Gwynedd. His fatherIorwerth having been disposed by Owain's other sons after Owain'sdeath, Llywelyn was left to fend for himself until, as a youth, hisnatural superiority made itself felt and he defeated his uncles totake Gwynedd for himself. He consolidated this conquest in 1205 bymarrying Joan, illegitimate daughter of King John of England. Despiteoccasional disputes with John and his successor, Henry III, Llywelynsucceeded in maintaining Welsh independence. After a long struggle, hegained the ascendancy over his main rival, Gwenwynwyn of Powys, so asto unite the country.
  
  His marriage to Joan has an unusual history. Following the birth of alegitimate heir, Dafydd ap Llywelyn, and a daughter, Elen (who wasmarried off to the Norman Earl of Chester), Joan committed adulterywith William de Braose or Breos, a Norman noble of south Wales who hadallied himself with Llywelyn by the marriage of his daughter,Isabella, to Llywelyn's son, Dafydd. On learning of the affair in1230, Llywelyn executed de Braose and Joan was imprisoned. Some timelater, she was forgiven and restored to her position as princess,dying in 1237.
  
  Llywelyn died in 1240 and a power struggle arose between hislegitimate son, Dafydd, and his older, illegitimate son, Gruffydd, whoaccording to Welsh law had equal rights of inheritance. Llywelyn haddeparted from tradition by naming Dafydd as his sole heir, as herecognised the Welsh custom of dividing inheritance equally amongstall male sons prevented a cohesive polity from forming, preventing aunited Wales. Gruffydd was killed attempting to escape from the Towerof London in 1244, leaving the field clear for Dafydd, but Dafyddhimse
  
  === !#4569-v7-p1081; !place of residence unk ===
  !#4569-v7-p1081; !place of residence unknown, placed here for recording purposes;
  
  === Biography ===
  Also Known As
  Prince Llewelyn of Wales Ap Iorwerth
  Prince of Wales Llewelyn Ap Iorwerth
  Llewelyn "Fawr" (Prince of Wales) AP IORWERTH
  Llewelyn Ap Iorwerth
  
  7 May 2015 by ElizabethSelandia: from online historical account: "Llywelyn married Joan, natural daughter of King John of England, in 1205. Llywelyn and Joan had three identified children in the records but in all probability had more as Llywelyn children were fully recognised during his marriage to Joan whilst his father in law King John was alive. The identity of the mother of some of Llywelyn's children before this union is uncertain, but [there are six additional] recorded in contemporary or near-contemporary records." For this complete listing, go to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_the_Great
  Less
  
  --------------------------------
  
  Llywelyn married Joan, natural daughter of King John of England, in 1205. Llywelyn and Joan had three identified children in the records but in all probability had more, as Llywelyn's children were fully recognized during his marriage to Joan whilst his father-in-law, King John, was alive. Little is known of Llywelyn's mistress, Tangwystl Goch, except that she was the daughter of Llywarch "Goch" of Rhos.[67] The identity of the mother of some of Llywelyn's children before this union is uncertain, but the following are recorded in contemporary or near-contemporary records.
  
  Children by Joan
  
  Dafydd ap Llywelyn (c. 1212–1246)
  Elen (Helen) ferch Llywelyn (c. 1206–1253) .
  Susanna ferch Llywelyn (died after November 1228)
  Marared ferch Llywelyn (died after 1268),
  Elen the Younger ferch Llywelyn (born before 1230; died after 16 February 1295),
  
  Children by Tangwystl Goch (died c. 1198)
  
  Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (c. 1196–1244)
  
  Gwladus Ddu (c. 1206–1251), probable daughter by Joan.
  Angharad ferch Llywelyn (c. 1212–1256), probable daughter by Joan
  Tegwared y Baiswen ap Llywelyn (c. 1215), a son by a woman named as Crysten in some sources, a possible twin of Angharad.[70]
  
  === BIRTH-MARRIAGE:"WELSH GENEALOGIES AD300- ===
  BIRTH-MARRIAGE:"WELSH GENEALOGIES AD300-1400," by Peter Clement Bartrum, published by The University of Wales Press, 1980. !Esquire to Edward III.
  
  === !#4569-v1-p92; !ASSUMPTION: place of res ===
  !#4569-v1-p92; !ASSUMPTION: place of residence unknown, placed here for recording purposes;
  
  === Llywelyn the Great (Welsh: Llywelyn Fawr ===
  Llywelyn the Great (Welsh: Llywelyn Fawr, [ɬəˈwɛlɪn vaʊ̯r]), full name Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, (c. 1173 – 11 April 1240) was a King of Gwynedd in north Wales and eventually ruler of all Wales. By a combination of war and diplomacy he dominated Wales for 45 years.
  
  During Llywelyn's childhood, Gwynedd was ruled by two of his uncles, who split the kingdom between them, following the death of Llywelyn's grandfather, Owain Gwynedd, in 1170. Llywelyn had a strong claim to be the legitimate ruler and began a campaign to win power at an early age. He was sole ruler of Gwynedd by 1200 and made a treaty with King John of England that year. Llywelyn's relations with John remained good for the next ten years. He married John's illegitimate daughter Joan in 1205.
  
  When John arrested Gwenwynwyn ap Owain of Powys in 1208, Llywelyn took the opportunity to annex southern Powys. In 1210, relations deteriorated, and John invaded Gwynedd in 1211. Llywelyn was forced to seek terms and to give up all lands east of the River Conwy, but was able to recover them the following year in alliance with the other Welsh princes. He allied himself with the barons who forced John to sign Magna Carta in 1215. By 1216, he was the dominant power in Wales, holding a council at Aberdyfi that year to apportion lands to the other princes.
  
  Following King John's death, Llywelyn concluded the Treaty of Worcester with his successor, Henry III, in 1218. During the next fifteen years, Llywelyn was frequently involved in fights with Marcher lords and sometimes with the king, but also made alliances with several major powers in the Marches. The Peace of Middle in 1234 marked the end of Llywelyn's military career, as the agreed truce of two years was extended year by year for the remainder of his reign. He maintained his position in Wales until his death in 1240 and was succeeded by his son Dafydd ap Llywelyn.
  
  Llywelyn was born about 1173, the son of Iorwerth ab Owain and the grandson of Owain Gwynedd, who had been ruler of Gwynedd until his death in 1170. Llywelyn was a descendant of the senior line of Rhodri Mawr and therefore a member of the princely house of Gwynedd. He was probably born at Dolwyddelan, though not in the present Dolwyddelan Castle, which was built by Llywelyn himself. He may have been born in the old castle which occupied a rocky knoll on the valley floor. Little is known about his father, Iorwerth Drwyndwn, who died when Llywelyn was an infant.
  
  There is no record of Iorwerth having taken part in the power struggle between some of Owain Gwynedd's other sons following Owain's death, although he was the eldest surviving son. There is a tradition that he was disabled or disfigured in some way that excluded him from power. J. E. Lloyd states that Iorwerth was killed in battle at Pennant Melangell, in Powys, in 1174 during the wars deciding the succession following the death of his father.
  
  By 1175, Gwynedd had been divided between two of Llywelyn's uncles. Dafydd ab Owain held the area east of the River Conwy and Rhodri ab Owain held the west. Dafydd and Rhodri were the sons of Owain by his second marriage to Cristin verch Goronwy. This marriage was not considered valid by the church as Cristin was Owain's first cousin, a degree of relationship which according to Canon law prohibited marriage. Giraldus Cambrensis refers to Iorwerth Drwyndwn as the only legitimate son of Owain Gwynedd. Following Iorwerth's death, Llywelyn was, at least in the eyes of the church, the legitimate claimant to the throne of Gwynedd.
  
  Llywelyn's mother was Marared, occasionally anglicised to Margaret, daughter of Madog ap Maredudd, prince of Powys. There is evidence that, after her first husband's death, Marared married in the summer of 1197, Gwion, the nephew of Roger Powys of Whittington Castle with whom she had a son, David ap Gwion.
  
  Therefore, some maintain that Marared never married into the Corbet family of Caus Castle (near Westbury, Shropshire) and later, Moreton Corbet Castle. However, there is in existence a grant of land from Llywelyn ab Iorworth to the monastery of Wigmore, in which Llywelyn indicates his mother was a member of the house of Corbet, leaving the issue unresolved.
  ...
  Following his capture, William de Braose decided to ally himself to Llywelyn, and a marriage was arranged between his daughter Isabella and Llywelyn's heir, Dafydd ap Llywelyn. At Easter 1230, William visited Llywelyn's court. During this visit he was found in Llywelyn's chamber together with Llywelyn's wife Joan.
  
  On 2 May, de Braose was hanged; Joan was placed under house arrest for a year. The Brut y Tywysogion chronicler commented: "that year William de Breos the Younger, lord of Brycheiniog, was hanged by the lord Llywelyn in Gwynedd, after he had been caught in Llywelyn's chamber with the king of England's daughter, Llywelyn's wife."
  
  A letter from Llywelyn to William's wife, Eva de Braose, written shortly after the execution enquires whether she still wishes the marriage between Dafydd and Isabella to take place. The marriage did go ahead, and the following year Joan was forgiven and restored to her position as princess.
  ...
  Llywelyn married Joan, illegitimate daughter of King John of England, in 1205. Llywelyn and Joan had three identified children in the records but in all probability had more, as Llywelyn's children were fully recognized during his marriage to Joan whilst his father-in-law, King John, was alive. Little is known of Llywelyn's mistress, Tangwystl Goch, except that she was the daughter of Llywarch "Goch" of Rhos. The identity of the mother of some of Llywelyn's children before this union is uncertain, but the following are recorded in contemporary or near-contemporary records.
  
  Children by Joan
  1. Dafydd ap Llywelyn (c. 1212–1246)
  2. Elen (Helen) ferch Llywelyn (c. 1206–1253) married John Earl of Huntington, and secondly Robert de Quincy.
  3. Susanna ferch Llywelyn (died after November 1228) King Henry III of England granted the upbringing of "L. princeps Norwallie et Johanna uxor sua et…soror nostra Susannam filiam suam" to "Nicholao de Verdun et Clementie uxori sue" by order dated 24 November 1228. Her birth date is estimated on the assumption that Susanna was under marriageable age, but older than an infant, at the time.
  4. Marared ferch Llywelyn (died after 1268), married John de Braose in 1219, and secondly (c. 1232) Walter III de Clifford; she had issue by both husbands.
  
  Children by Tangwystl Goch (died c. 1198)
  1. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (c. 1196–1244) He was Llywelyn's eldest son. He married Senena, daughter of Caradoc ap Thomas of Anglesey. Their sons included Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, who for a period occupied a position in Wales comparable to that of his grandfather, and Dafydd ap Gruffydd who ruled Gwynedd briefly after his brother's death.
  
  Children whose parentage is uncertain
  1. Gwladus Ddu (c. 1206–1251), probable daughter by Joan. She married Sir Randulph Mortimer
  2. Angharad ferch Llywelyn (c. 1212–1256), probable daughter by Joan; married Maelgwn Fychan
  3. Tegwared y Baiswen ap Llywelyn (c. 1215), a son by a woman named as Crysten in some sources, a possible twin of Angharad.
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_the_Great
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Also Known As - Description: Llywelyn Fawr
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Also Known As - Description: Llewelyn of Gwynedd Lord Snowdon
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Also Known As - Description: Llewelyn Fawr ap Iorwerth of Anglesey
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Also Known As - Description: Llywelyn the Great King of Gwynedd
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Also Known As - Description: Llywelyn the Great, Prince of Gwynedd, Prince of Snowdonia; Snowdon
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Also Known As - Description: Llewellyn ap Iorwerth
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Also Known As - Description: Llewelyn Prince of Wales
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Also Known As - Description: Prince of Gwynedd Llewelyn Fawr ab Iorwerth
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Also Known As - Description: Llywelyn fawr Aplorwerth Great Prince of Gwynedd north Wales
  
  === !#4568-v6-p406; v8-p583; Esquire to Edwa ===
  !#4568-v6-p406; v8-p583; Esquire to Edward III; !#771-v3-p30;
  
  === Welsh Prince. ===
  Welsh Prince.
  
  === !#4568-v9-p723; ^bornL2> Castell Caerein ===
  !#4568-v9-p723; ^bornL2> Castell Caereinion;
  
  === Name Suffix: Prince of North Wales ===
  Name Suffix: Prince of North Wales
  REFN: HWS8010
  Ancestral File Number: GS56-CC
  OBJE: C:\LEGACY\PICTURES\C_PrinceSaintEmpire.GIF
  
  Llywelyn the Great
  From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
  (Redirected from Llywelyn Fawr)
  Llywelyn ap Iorwerth (c. 1173–April 11, 1240) was a Prince of Gwynedd. Although he is often referred to as a Prince of Wales, his official title was "Prince of Aberffraw and Lord of Snowdon" (the first "official" Prince of Wales was his son, Dafydd). He was also known as Llywelyn the Great or, in Welsh, Llywelyn Fawr.
  
  Llywelyn was born in 1173, the grandson of Owain Gwynedd. His father Iorwerth having been disposed by Owain's other sons after Owain's death, Llywelyn was left to fend for himself until, as a youth, his natural superiority made itself felt and he defeated his uncles to take Gwynedd for himself. He consolidated this conquest in 1205 by marrying Joan, illegitimate daughter of King John of England. Despite occasional disputes with John and his successor, Henry III, Llywelyn succeeded in maintaining Welsh independence. After a long struggle, he gained the ascendancy over his main rival, Gwenwynwyn of Powys, so as to unite the country.
  
  His marriage to Joan has an unusual history. Following the birth of a legitimate heir, Dafydd ap Llywelyn, and a daughter, Elen (who was married off to the Norman Earl of Chester), Joan committed adultery with William de Braose or Breos, a Norman noble of south Wales who had allied himself with Llywelyn by the marriage of his daughter, Isabella, to Llywelyn's son, Dafydd. On learning of the affair in 1230, Llywelyn executed de Braose and Joan was imprisoned. Some time later, she was forgiven and restored to her position as princess, dying in 1237.
  
  Llywelyn died in 1240 and a power struggle arose between his legitimate son, Dafydd, and his older, illegitimate son, Gruffydd, who according to Welsh law had equal rights of inheritance. Llywelyn had departed from tradition by naming Dafydd as his sole heir, as he recognised the Welsh custom of dividing inheritance equally amongst all male sons prevented a cohesive polity from forming, preventing a united Wales. Gruffydd was killed attempting to escape from the Tower of London in 1244, leaving the field clear for Dafydd, but Dafydd himself died without heirs in 1246, and was eventually succeeded by his nephew, Llywelyn the Last.
  
  === Llywelyn the Great ===
  Llywelyn the Great
  From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
  (Redirected from Llywelyn Fawr)
  Llywelyn ap Iorwerth (c. 1173–April 11, 1240) was a Prince of Gwynedd.Although he is often referred to as a Prince of Wales, his officialtitle was "Prince of Aberffraw and Lord of Snowdon" (the first"official" Prince of Wales was his son, Dafydd). He was also known asLlywelyn the Great or, in Welsh, Llywelyn Fawr.
  
  Llywelyn was born in 1173, the grandson of Owain Gwynedd. His fatherIorwerth having been disposed by Owain's other sons after Owain'sdeath, Llywelyn was left to fend for himself until, as a youth, hisnatural superiority made itself felt and he defeated his uncles totake Gwynedd for himself. He consolidated this conquest in 1205 bymarrying Joan, illegitimate daughter of King John of England. Despiteoccasional disputes with John and his successor, Henry III, Llywelynsucceeded in maintaining Welsh independence. After a long struggle, hegained the ascendancy over his main rival, Gwenwynwyn of Powys, so asto unite the country.
  
  His marriage to Joan has an unusual history. Following the birth of alegitimate heir, Dafydd ap Llywelyn, and a daughter, Elen (who wasmarried off to the Norman Earl of Chester), Joan committed adulterywith William de Braose or Breos, a Norman noble of south Wales who hadallied himself with Llywelyn by the marriage of his daughter,Isabella, to Llywelyn's son, Dafydd. On learning of the affair in1230, Llywelyn executed de Braose and Joan was imprisoned. Some timelater, she was forgiven and restored to her position as princess,dying in 1237.
  
  Llywelyn died in 1240 and a power struggle arose between hislegitimate son, Dafydd, and his older, illegitimate son, Gruffydd, whoaccording to Welsh law had equal rights of inheritance. Llywelyn haddeparted from tradition by naming Dafydd as his sole heir, as herecognised the Welsh custom of dividing inheritance equally amongstall male sons prevented a cohesive polity from forming, preventing aunited Wales. Gruffydd was killed attempting to escape from the Towerof London in 1244, leaving the field clear for Dafydd, but Dafyddhimself died without heirs in 1246, and was eventually succeeded byhis nephew, Llywelyn the Last.
  
  === !#4569-v5-p819; ===
  !#4569-v5-p819;
  
  === !#4568-v7-p516 ===
  !#4568-v7-p516
  
  === !#4568-v8-p559; !#4569-v4-p626; v6-p877, ===
  !#4568-v8-p559; !#4569-v4-p626; v6-p877,880; v7-p1059;
  
  === !#4569-v3-p358,368*; !Tregaron (Caron Is ===
  !#4569-v3-p358,368*; !Tregaron (Caron Is Clawdd);
  
  === !#4569-v3-p481; v4-p629; v6-p875; v7-p10 ===
  !#4569-v3-p481; v4-p629; v6-p875; v7-p1096;
  
  === !#4569-v5-p689; ===
  !#4569-v5-p689;

• m. 23 MAR 1204

1. Margred ferch Llywelyn, b. 1204 in Caernarfonshire, Wales     d. AFT 1268 in Clifford Castle, Herefordshire, England
2. Angharad ferch Llywelyn, b. in Caernarfonshire, Wales     d. 1260
3. Elen ferch Llewelyn, b. 1207 in Abergwyngregyn, Gwynedd, Wales     d. 1253 in Gwynedd, Wales
4. Gwladus verch Llewelyn, b. 1206 in Caernarvonshire, Wales     d. 24 OCT 1251 in Windsor, Berkshire, England

1. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, b. ABT 1196 in Denbigh, Wales     d. 1 MAR 1244 in London, Middlesex, England

• m. 1239

1. Title: UK and Ireland, Find A Grave Index, 1300s-Current
   Publication: Name: https://search.ancestry.com/collections/60526/records/280427;
   
2. Title: Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:66MQ-F946 : 25 February 2022), Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, ; Burial, Llanrwst, , Conwy, Wales, St. Grwst's Churchyard; citing record ID 232688155, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:66MQ-F946;
   
3. Title: The history of the princes, the lords marcher, and the ancient nobility of Powys Fadog, and the ancient lords of Arwystli, Cedewen, and Meirionydd by Lloyd, Jacob Youde William, 1816-1887 volume 5
   Author: this was a google search for history books on wales and genealogy works
   Publication: Name: https://archive.org/details/historyofprinces05lloy/page/240;
   Note: these books there is 5 volumes have pedigrees and gives relationships and names and time eras for these families in wales. ^ lorwerthDrwyndwnwastheeldestsonofOwainGwynedd,who reigned over all Wales from 1137 to 1169. His son Llewelyn II, surnamed the Great, reigned fifty-six years, and died a.d. 1240, and was buried iu the abbey of Aberconwy. His great grandson Llewelyn III, was the last reigning sovereign of Wales.
   Page: page 227 has a pedigree of this family showing name spelling and showing the welsh tradition of sons name ab father name and so forth giving a whole pedigree just in the name. showing some dates and spouses names and father name and there genealogy in the fathers name.
   
4. Title: BOOK: Monasticon Anglicanum (not helpful and all in Latin)
   Author: Dodsworth, Roger; Dugdale, William (1655). Monasticon Anglicanum. 1. London. p. 720-21.
   Publication: Name: https://books.google.com/books?id=NgvPHsgLz70C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false;
   Page: Has charter Llywelyn wrote for Basingwerk Abbey.
   
5. Title: The Peerage
   Author: Citations [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 71. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families. [S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume I, page 22. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage. [S112] Welsh Biography Online, online http://wbo.llgc.org.uk. Hereinafter cited as Welsh Biography Online. [S37] BP2003 volume 3, page 4188. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37] [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families, page 194. [S130] Wikipedia, online http;//www.wikipedia.org. Hereinafter cited as Wikipedia. [S37] BP2003. [S37] [S6626] Sebastian Jones, "re: Jones Family,
   Publication: Name: http://thepeerage.com/p10791.htm#i107904;
   Note: Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, Prince of North Wales1,2 M, #107904, b. 1173, d. 1240 Last Edited=11 Apr 2020 Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, Prince of North Wales was born in 1173.1 He was the son of Iorwerth ap Owain and Margaret ap Madog.3 He married Joan (?), daughter of John I 'Lackland', King of England and Clementina (?), in 1205.2 He died in 1240.4 Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, Prince of North Wales also went by the nick-name of Llwelyn Fawr 'the Great'.4 In 1194 he recovered the crown of North Wales from his uncle David.4 He gained the title of Prince Llywelyn of North Wales in 1195.5 He hanged the Anglo-Norman baron, William de la Braose, for having an affair with his wife. Children of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, Prince of North Wales and Tangwystyl Goch Gwladus Du ferch Llywelyn+ d. 1251 Angharad ferch Llywelyn+ Gruffydd ap Llywelyn+ b. 1200, d. 1 Mar 1244 Susanna ferch Llywelyn6 b. 1216, d. a 24 Nov 1228 Children of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, Prince of North Wales and Joan (?) Helen ferch Llywelyn+5 b. c 1207, d. bt 1 Jan 1253 - 24 Oct 1253 Daffyd ap Llywelyn, Prince of North Wales+ b. 1215, d. 1246 Children of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, Prince of North Wales Margaret ferch Llywelyn+7 d. a 1272 Tegwared y Baiswen ap Llywelyn, Lord of Trefdraeth+8 b. 1210