Bertrade de Montfort

• Preferred Name: Bertrade de Montfort^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15]}
  
• Alternate Name: Bertrade de Montfort
  
• Gender: F
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: with note: Description: Countess of Chester
  
• Death: 31 MAR 1227 in Lincolnshire, England
  
• FSID: 9SKK-J71
  
• Birth: 2 JUN 1155 in Montfort-sur-Risle, Eure, Haut Normandie, Duché de Normandie at LATI: N9.1667 LONG: E0
  
• Nickname:
  
• Title (Nobility): with note: Description: Countess of Montfort
  
• Title (Nobility): with note: Description: Countess of Évreaux
  
• Burial: JUL 1227 with note: Almost certain that she was buried very shortly after she died. I don't think they would wait for much longer than a few days at the most.
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
  “. . . BERTRADE DE MONTFORT, daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux, seigneur of Montfort-l'Amaury, by his wife, Maud. She was born about 1156 (aged 29 in 1185). They had one son, Ranulph, Knt. [Earl of Chester and Lincoln], and five daughters, Maud, Mabel, Agnes, Hawise, and (wife of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, Prince of North Wales). . . HUGH, Earl of Chester, died at Leek, Staffordshire 30 June 1181, and was buried next to his father in the chapter house of St Werburgh's, Chester. Sometime in the period, 1188-99, his widow, Bertrade, witnessed a charter of her son, Ranulph, Earl of Chester. In the period, 1190-1200, she reached agreement with the abbot and convent of Troarn in Normandy regarding the construction of a mill and fishpond on the boundary between her wood and theirs. Sometime before 1194-1203, she exchanged lands with the canons of Repton. Sometime in the period, 1200-10, she granted to Ralph Carbonel, of Halton, Lincolnshire, for his homage and service a half a knight's fee which he held of the said countess in Halton. In 1223 Richard Duket and Simon de Sees brought a plea of novel disseisin against her touching a tenement in Harmston, Lincolnshire. In 1226 she presented to the church of Waddington, Lincolnshire. In 1227 she arraigned an assize of last presentation to the church of Waddington, Lincolnshire against the abbot of St. Sever. Bertrade, Countess of Chester, died in 1227, after 31 March."
  
  BIO
  BIO: from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORMAN%20NOBILITY.htm#GuillaumeTancarvilledied1129 as of 1/19/2016
  
  LUCY de Tancarville ). Guillaume chamberlain confirmed the donation to the abbey of St G
  
  BIO
  BIO: from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/PARIS%20REGION%20NOBILITY.htm#AmauryIIIEvreuxdiedafter1136A as of 1/17/2016
  
  BERTRADE de Montfort (-Fontevrault end-1115/1116, bur church of the priory of Ha
  
  === [2753682.ged] ===
  [2753682.ged]
  
  BURR, WAITE, NEWLIN LINES - 22nd ggrandmother
  
  Dau. of Simon, Earl of Evereux in Normandy; m. Hugh de Keveliock(Bohun); mother of Hawyse wh o m. Robert de Quincey. [Magna ChartaBarons, p. 122]
  
  b. 1155, d. 1189 [Judy Martin]
  
  b.c. 1155, d. 1227; dau. of Simon de Montfort, Count of Evreux,Seigneur de Montfort, and Mau d; sister of Simon the Bald de Montfort,Earl of Leicester; m. Hugh de Kevelioc in Powys, Wal es; mother ofMaud and of Mabel. [Charlemagne & Others, Chart 2917, 2929]
  
  b.c. 1155, d. 1227; dau. of Simon de Montfort and Maud; m. Hugh"Kevelioc" de Meschines. [GR S 3.03, Automated Archives, CD#100]
  
  b. 1155, d. 1189; dau of Simon III de Montfort and Maud de Beaumont;m. Hugh de Kyvelioc de M eschines; mother of Maur, Alice, Mabel,Ranulph, Adeliz, Beatrice, Hawise. [Thomas Mebane LeG rande
  b.1145, d. 1189; dau of Simon III de Montfort and Maud D'Evreux; m.Hugh de Kevelioc; mothe r of Beatrix, Amicia, Maud, Ranulph, Mabel,Agnes and Hawise. [Kirk Larson
  === Wikipedia ===
  Bertrade de Montfort, Countess d"Evreux was born in 1155 in Chester, England. Bertrade's father was Simon II Le Chauve De Montfort and her mother was Maud Countess Of Evreux . Her paternal grandparents were Amaury De Montfort and Agnes De Garlende. She had two brothers named Amauri and Simon. She was the youngest of the three children.
  
  She was married to Earl Hugh de Keveliock V 1147-30 June 1181 (son of Ranulf de Guernan and Maud de Caen) in 1169 when Bertred was just 14. He succeeded his father in the Earldom of Chester. Stafford, in 1181, aged about 34. She died in 1227, aged about 71.
  CHILDREN: Randle III, who succeeded his father as Earl of Chester, but he died sine prole 1232.
  Hawise m Robert de Quincey
  Mabil, m Hugh de Albini, known as Hugh le Meschin; Earl of Chester, Vicomte d'Avranches in Normandy.
  
  http://groups.google.com/group/soc.genealogy.medieval/browse_thread/thread/a0a635017b1391c2?hl=en
  
  Checking various other sources, however, I've managed to piece together a few details of Countess Bertrade's life as widow not provided by Complete Peerage:
  
  Sometime in the period, 1188–99, she witnessed a charter of her son, Ranulph, Earl of Chester. In the period, 1190–1200, she reached agreement with the abbot and convent of Troarn in Normandy regarding the construction of a mill and fishpond on the boundary between her wood and theirs. Sometime before 1194–1203, she exchanged lands with the canons of Repton. Sometime in the period, 1200–10, she granted to Ralph Carbonel, of Halton, Lincolnshire, for his homage and service of half a knight’s fee which he held of the said countess in Halton. In 1223 Richard Duket and Simon de Sees brought a plea of novel disseisin against her touching a tenement in Harmston, Lincolnshire. In 1226 she presented to the church of Waddington, Lincolnshire. In 1227 she arraigned an assize of last presentation to the church of Waddington, Lincolnshire against the abbot of St. Sever.
  
  The original source for this record is Calendar of the Patent Rolls, 1225–1232 (1903): 156, which may be viewed at the following weblink: http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/patentrolls/h3v2/body/Henry3vol2page0156.pdf
  
  Bertrade de Montfort was cousin of King Henry II by her grandfather's sister, Bertrade de Montfort, wife of Fulk IV, being great-grandmother of King Henry
  
  Bertrade married Hugh De /Keveliock/, son of Ranulph Des /Gernons/ and Maud /Fitzrobert/, in 1164 in Montfort, Normandy, France.
  (Hugh De /Keveliock/ was born in 1122 in Kevelioc, Merionethshire, Wales, died on 30 Jun 1181 in Leeke, Stafford, England and was buried in 1181 in Chester, Cheshire, England.)
  
  Children:
  1. Amicia Amice De Meschines b: 1177 in Monmouthshire, Wales
  2. Beatrice De Kevieliock b: 1166 in Malpas, England
  3. Mabel of Chester De Meschines b: ABT 1170 in Cheshire, England
  4. Hawise of Chester De Kevelioc b: 1180 in Chester, Cheshire, England
  5. Maud Matilda Kevelioc b: 1163 in Cheshire, England
  6. Alice Of Chester b: 1180 in Chester, Cheshire, England
  7. Agnes de Kevelioc De Meschines b: 1174 in Tutbury, Staffordshire, England
  
  === Bertrade de Montfort, Countess d"Evreux ===
  Bertrade de Montfort, Countess d"Evreux was born in 1155 in Chester, England. Bertrade's father was Simon II Le Chauve De Montfort and her mother was Maud Countess Of Evreux . Her paternal grandparents were Amaury De Montfort and Agnes De Garlende. She had two brothers named Amauri and Simon. She was the youngest of the three children.
  
  She was married to Earl Hugh de Keveliock V 1147-30 June 1181 (son of Ranulf de Guernan and Maud de Caen) in 1169 when Bertred was just 14. He succeeded his father in the Earldom of Chester. Stafford, in 1181, aged about 34. She died in 1227, aged about 71.
  CHILDREN: Randle III, who succeeded his father as Earl of Chester, but he died sine prole 1232.
  Hawise m Robert de Quincey
  Mabil, m Hugh de Albini, known as Hugh le Meschin; Earl of Chester, Vicomte d'Avranches in Normandy.
  
  http://groups.google.com/group/soc.genealogy.medieval/browse_thread/thread/a0a635017b1391c2?hl=en
  
  Checking various other sources, however, I've managed to piece together a few details of Countess Bertrade's life as widow not provided by Complete Peerage:
  
  Sometime in the period, 1188–99, she witnessed a charter of her son, Ranulph, Earl of Chester. In the period, 1190–1200, she reached agreement with the abbot and convent of Troarn in Normandy regarding the construction of a mill and fishpond on the boundary between her wood and theirs. Sometime before 1194–1203, she exchanged lands with the canons of Repton. Sometime in the period, 1200–10, she granted to Ralph Carbonel, of Halton, Lincolnshire, for his homage and service of half a knight’s fee which he held of the said countess in Halton. In 1223 Richard Duket and Simon de Sees brought a plea of novel disseisin against her touching a tenement in Harmston, Lincolnshire. In 1226 she presented to the church of Waddington, Lincolnshire. In 1227 she arraigned an assize of last presentation to the church of Waddington, Lincolnshire against the abbot of St. Sever.
  
  The original source for this record is Calendar of the Patent Rolls, 1225–1232 (1903): 156, which may be viewed at the following weblink: http://sdrc.lib.uiowa.edu/patentrolls/h3v2/body/Henry3vol2page0156.pdf
  
  Bertrade de Montfort was cousin of King Henry II by her grandfather's sister, Bertrade de Montfort, wife of Fulk IV, being great-grandmother of King Henry
  
  Bertrade married Hugh De /Keveliock/, son of Ranulph Des /Gernons/ and Maud /Fitzrobert/, in 1164 in Montfort, Normandy, France.
  (Hugh De /Keveliock/ was born in 1122 in Kevelioc, Merionethshire, Wales, died on 30 Jun 1181 in Leeke, Stafford, England and was buried in 1181 in Chester, Cheshire, England.)
  
  Children:
  1. Amicia Amice De Meschines b: 1177 in Monmouthshire, Wales
  2. Beatrice De Kevieliock b: 1166 in Malpas, England
  3. Mabel of Chester De Meschines b: ABT 1170 in Cheshire, England
  4. Hawise of Chester De Kevelioc b: 1180 in Chester, Cheshire, England
  5. Maud Matilda Kevelioc b: 1163 in Cheshire, England
  6. Alice Of Chester b: 1180 in Chester, Cheshire, England
  7. Agnes de Kevelioc De Meschines b: 1174 in Tutbury, Staffordshire, England
  
  === M E Sorley: The Sorley Pedigrees P. 22 ===
  M E Sorley: The Sorley Pedigrees P. 22
  M L Call: The Royal Ancestry Bible Vol 2: 1634
  
  === BIOGRAPHY: A supposed first wife. Sever ===
  BIOGRAPHY: A supposed first wife. Several sources, including Ormerod, argue that Amice was probably illegitimate because of her less illustrious marriage and dowry as compared to those of her much younger half-sisters. (4 of her half-sisters married earls) The argument was that if she was from a first marriage, she would have been given in marriage to a more powerful man (Randle Manwaring was by comparison and untitled landholder) and been given a much larger dowry.
  
  === Source: Please cite original sources. ===
  Source: Please cite original sources.
  Compiled by: J. K. Loren
  
  === He [Hugh of Kevelioc" married, in 1169, ===
  He [Hugh of Kevelioc" married, in 1169, Bertrade, then age d 14 (the King giving her away in marriage "because she wa s his own cousin "), daughter of Simon de Montfort, Count D 'EVREUX by his 1st wife, Maud. [Complete Peerage III:167 , XIV:170, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]
  
  From the collection of Jerry Dean Ferren.

• m. 1171

1. Mabel of Chester Countess of Sussex, b. 1173 in Chester, Cheshire, England     d. 6 JAN 1232 in Arundel, Sussex, England
2. Maud or Matilda of Chester, b. 1171 in Chester, Cheshire, England     d. 6 JAN 1233 in Sawtry, Huntingdonshire, England
3. Agnes de Meschines, b. 1174 in Chester, Cheshire, England     d. 2 NOV 1247 in Stowe-By-Chartley, Staffordshire, England
4. Hawise Of Chester Countess of Lincoln, b. 11 SEP 1180 in Chester, Cheshire, England     d. AFT 6 JUN 1241 in Chester, Cheshire, England

1. Title: Hugh Kyvelioc, Earl of Chester in County Families of Lancashire and Cheshire
   Author: County Families of Lancashire and Cheshire, pg. 363, 364, 365, 366
   Publication: Name: https://archive.org/details/countyfamiliesof00crosuoft/page/362/mode/2up?q=Gernon;
   Page: Hugh Kevelioc de Gernon, Earl of Chester in County Families of Lancashire and Cheshire, pg. 363, 364, 365, 366 [See document in the Memories section]
   
2. Title: Pedigree of Hugh Kevelioc (de Meschines), Earl of Chester, in the History and Antiquities of the County of Northampton, pg. 121 [See document in the memories section]
   Author: History and Antiquities of the County of Northampton, pg. 121
   Note: Pedigree of Hugh Kevelioc (de Meschines), Earl of Chester, in the History and Antiquities of the County of Northampton, pg. 121 [See document in the memories section]
   Page: Pedigree of Hugh Kevelioc (de Meschines), Earl of Chester, in the History and Antiquities of the County of Northampton, pg. 121 [See document in the memories section]
   
3. Title: Hugh Kevelioc de Gernon, Earl of Chester, in The History of the Palatine County and City of Chester, Vol. 1, pg. 26-29 [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: The History of the Palatine County and City of Chester, Vol. 1, pg. 26-29
   Note: Hugh Kevelioc de Gernon, Earl of Chester, in The History of the Palatine County and City of Chester, Vol. 1, pg. 26-29 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Hugh Kevelioc de Gernon, Earl of Chester, in The History of the Palatine County and City of Chester, Vol. 1, pg. 26-29 [See document in the Memories section]
   
4. Title: The Legitimacy of Amicia, daughter of Hugh Keveliok, Earl of Chester
   Author: The Legitimacy of Amicia, daughter of Hugh Cyveliok, Earl of Chester
   Page: The Legitimacy of Amicia, daughter of Hugh Cyveliok, Earl of Chester, pg. 2, 5, 6, 8 and 9 [See document in the Memories section]
   
5. Title: Robert de Quincey in Magna Charta Barons and their American Descendants, pg. 101-102 [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: Magna Charta Barons and their American Descendants, pg. 101-102
   Note: Robert de Quincey in Magna Charta Barons and their American Descendants, pg. 101-102 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Robert de Quincey in Magna Charta Barons and their American Descendants, pg. 101-102 [See document in the Memories section]
   
6. Title: Hugh Kevelioc, Earl of Chester, in British History Online ~www.british-history.ac.uk [See document in the Memories section]
   Publication: Name: http://www.british-history.ac.uk;
   Note: Hugh Kevelioc, Earl of Chester, in British History Online ~www.british-history.ac.uk [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Hugh Kevelioc, Earl of Chester, in British History Online ~www.british-history.ac.uk [See document in the Memories section]
   
7. Title: Pedigree of Ranulf le Meschin in the History of the Palatine County of Chester
   Author: History of the Palatine County of Chester, pg. 121
   Note: Pedigree of Ranulf le Meschin in the History of the Palatine County of Chester, pg. 121 [See document in the Memories dection]
   Page: Pedigree of Ranulf le Meschin in the History of the Palatine County of Chester, pg. 47 [See document in the Memories dection]
   
8. Title: Mention of Marriage to Hugh
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maud_of_Gloucester,_Countess_of_Chester;
   
9. Title: Bertria Countess of Chester
   Author: Rotuli de Dominibus et Pueris
   Publication: Name: https://archive.org/details/rotulidedominab00offigoog/page/n24/mode/2up?q=Bertia;
   Note: The Countess Bertia's property, gives her age in 1184.
   
10. Title: Our royal, titled, noble and commoner ancestors
    Author: Citations [S319] Unknown author, The Complete Peerage, by Cokayne, Vol. IV, p. 196. [S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. III, p. 407. [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. I, p. 223. [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. I, p. 542-543. [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. II, p. 150-151. [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. II, p. 252. [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. IV, p. 439. [S11568] The Complete Peerage, by Cokayne, Vol. III, p. 167. [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. II, p. 560. [S6] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry: 2nd Edition, Vol. III, p. 422-424.
    Publication: Name: https://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p109.htm#i3268;
    Note: Bertrade de Montfort1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Last Edited 4 Apr 2020 F, #3268, b. circa 1156, d. between 31 March 1227 and 31 December 1227 Father Simon III 'the Bald' de Montfort, Comte d'Evreux, Seigneur de Rochefort, de Montfort-l'Amaury, & d'Epernon2,3,4,6,7 d. 12 Mar 1181 or 13 Mar 1181 Mother Maud d. 1168 Bertrade de Montfort was born circa 1156 at of Montfort-sur-Risle, Eure, Upper Normandy, France; Age 29 in 1185.5 She married Hugh de Meschines, 6th Earl of Chester, Viscount d'Avranches, Seigneur de St. Sever & Briquessart, son of Sir Radnulf de Gernon, 5th Earl of Chester, Lord of Eastham & Macclesfield, Vicomte d'Avranches and Maud of Gloucester, in 1169; They had 1 son (Sir Ranulph, Earl of Chester & Lincoln) & 5 daughters (Maud, wife of David, Earl of Huntingdon; Mabel, wife of William d'Aubeney, 3rd Earl of Arundel; Agnes, wife of Sir William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby; Hawise, wife of Robert de Quincey; & (unnamed), wife of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, Prince of North Wales). He also had 2 illegitimate sons (William (Pain) of Milton; & Roger) & 1 illegitimate daughter (Amice, wife of Ralph de Mainwaring, Seneschal of Chester).2,3,4,5,6,7 Bertrade de Montfort died between 31 March 1227 and 31 December 1227; Age 71.5 Family Hugh de Meschines, 6th Earl of Chester, Viscount d'Avranches, Seigneur de St. Sever & Briquessart b. c 1141, d. 30 Jun 1181 Children (Miss) de Meschines+ Maud of Chester+3,5 b. 1171, d. 6 Jan 1233 Mabel of Chester+5,6 b. c 1172 Sir Randolph de Blundeville, 7th Earl of Chester, Duke of Brittany, Earl of Richmond, Constable of the Tower of Avranches, Fotheringay Castle, & Sermilly Castle8,4,5 b. c 1172, d. 28 Oct 1232 Tanglust Kevelioc+ b. c 1173 Agnes of Chester+5,9 b. c 1174, d. 2 Nov 1247 (Miss) of Chester10 b. c 1176, d. b 24 Nov 1199 Hawise of Chester+2,5,7 b. 1180, d. c 19 Feb 1243
    
11. Title: Peerage, The
    Author: Darryl Lundy, The Peerage, a genealogical survey of teh Peerage of Britian as well as the royal families of Europe (http://thepeerage.com : accessed 3 Nov 2018), Bertrde de Montfort.
    Note: Bertrade de Montfort was born circa 1155.2 She was the daughter of Simon III de Montfort, Comte d\'Evreux and Maud (?).3,2 She married Hugh of Kevelioc, 3rd Earl of Chester, son of Ranulph de Gernon, 2nd Earl of Chester and Maud fitz Robert, in 1169.2 She died circa 1227.2Children of Bertrade de Montfort and Hugh of Kevelioc, 3rd Earl of ChesterHawise of Chester, Countess of Lincoln+4 d. c 1242Matilda of Chester+3 b. 1171, d. 6 Jan 1233Mabel of Chester+1 b. a 1171Ranulf de Blundeville, 4th Earl of Chester2 b. c 1172, d. c 27 Oct 1232Alice of Chester+4 b. c 1174, d. 2 Nov 1247Citations[S6] G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume I, page 236. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage.[S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume III, page 167.[S11] Alison Weir, Britain\'s Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 193. Hereinafter cited as Britain\'s Royal Families.[S6] Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume III, page 169.
    
12. Title: Earl Hugh had one [illegitimate] child by [an unknown mistress]
    Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL.htm#_Toc21106844;
    
13. Title: Bertrade d'Evreux de Montfort, "Find A Grave Index"
    Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:73YL-3WMM : 7 February 2023), Bertrade d'Evreux de Montfort, ; Burial, , ; citing record ID 193893441, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:73YL-3WMM;
    
14. Title: Comtes d’Evreux (Montfort-L’Amoury) in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~ http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORMANDY%20NOBILITY.htm#_Toc38956186 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~ http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORMANDY%20NOBILITY.htm#_Toc38956186
    Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORMANDY%20NOBILITY.htm#_Toc38956186;
    Note: Comtes d’Evreux (Montfort-L’Amoury) in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~ http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORMANDY%20NOBILITY.htm#_Toc38956186 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Comtes d’Evreux (Montfort-L’Amoury) in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~ http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORMANDY%20NOBILITY.htm#_Toc38956186 [See document in the Memories section]
    
15. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy - Sibyl Marshall, first wife of Wm de Ferrers
    Author: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
    Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm#SibylMarshaldiedbefore1238;
    Note: SIBYL (-before 1238). The Chronicle of Tintern Abbey, Monmouthshire records that "quarta filia…Willihelmi Marescalli…Sibilla" married "Willielmo de Ferrers comiti Derbiæ"[1396]. m (before 14 May 1219) as his first wife, WILLIAM de Ferrers, son of WILLIAM de Ferrers Earl of Derby & his wife Agnes de Chester (-May 1254, bur Merevale Abbey). He succeeded his father in 1247 as Earl of Derby.
    Page: EARLS of CHESTER 1120-1232 in the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy ~http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL.htm#_Toc21106844 [See document in the Memories section]