John Fitz Gilbert Marshal of Roskey

• Preferred Name: John Fitz Gilbert Marshal of Roskey^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]}
  
• Alternate Name: John FitzGilbert Marshal
  
• Gender: M
  
• Military: 14 SEP 1141 in Winchester, Hampshire, England at LATI: N1.0629 LONG: E1.3148 with note: Description: Battle during "The Anarchy", a civil war of the time. It ended with John's side fleeing in a rout.
  
• Birth: 26 NOV 1105 in Pembrokeshire, Wales at LATI: N1.8611 LONG: E4.9229
  
• Burial: OCT 1165 in Bradenstoke, Wiltshire Unitary Authority, Wiltshire, England at LATI: N1.514 LONG: E1.999
  
• Death: 29 SEP 1165 in Rockley, Wiltshire, England at LATI: N1.4443 LONG: E1.7629
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: 1129 with note: Description: King's Marshal
  
• FSID: 9CS2-QX2
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  John FitzGilbert the Marshal of the Horses (c. 1105 – 1165) was a minor nobleman of supposed Anglo-Norman origin, during the reign of King Stephen, and fought in the 12th century civil war on the side of Empress Matilda.
  Life
  Beginning in 1130[1] and probably earlier, he had been the royal marshal to King Henry I. When Henry died, John FitzGilbert swore for Stephen and was granted the castles of Marlborough and Ludgershall, Wiltshire during this time. Along with Hamstead Marshal, this gave him control of the valley of the River Kennet in Wiltshire. He also held lands in Somerset, Berkshire, and owned some buildings in Winchester.[2] When Empress Matilda and her supporters landed in Sussex in 1139 to press her claim for the throne, John seems to have only been a nominal supporter of Stephen.[3] His loyalty to the king seems to have been in sufficient doubt that his castle at Marlborough was briefly besieged. When Stephen was captured at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141, John switched allegiance to Matilda. In September 1141, Matilda fled the siege of Winchester and took refuge in the Marshal's castle at Ludgershall. While covering her retreat from Winchester, John Marshal was forced to take refuge at Wherwell Abbey. The attackers set fire to the building, and John lost an eye to dripping lead from the melting roof.[4]
  
  In 1152, John had a celebrated confrontation with King Stephen, who had besieged him at Newbury Castle. After John had broken an agreement to surrender, Stephen threatened to kill his son, whom John had given as a hostage. John refused, saying he could make more sons, but Stephen apparently took pity on the young boy and did not kill him. The boy grew up to be William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, a legendary figure in medieval lore, and one of the most powerful men in England.
  
  Later in his life, John briefly became entangled in the Becket Controversy. Having unsuccessfully tried to assert a claim over the archbishop's land in Pagham in 1164, John then appealed to the king. Although John's claims were dubious at best,[5] King Henry used the affair to his advantage against Becket, who had refused to appear in person at the appeal. The resulting Council of Northampton in October 1164 led to further charges being aimed at Becket, such as embezzlement during his time as chancellor,[6] and he would soon flee to the continent.
  
  The office of Lord Marshal, which originally related to the keeping of the King's horses, and later, the head of his household troops, was won as a hereditary title by John, passed to his eldest son and was later claimed by William.
  
  Family
  John was the son of Gilbert, Royal Serjeant and Marshal to Henry I, and his wife Margaret. After his father died in 1129, John inherited the title of King's Marshal. John married Aline Pipard, whose father Walter Pipard had been a friend of John's father. John repudiated Aline, about 1141; she subsequently married Stephen de Gay. John married (2nd) Sibyl of Salisbury, the sister of Patrick of Salisbury, who had been a local rival of his, and a supporter of King Stephen, up to that point. John had two sons by Aline Pipard – Gilbert (died 1166) and Walter (died before 1165). Walter predeceased his father and Gilbert died shortly after inheriting his father's lands.
  
  John's eldest son by Sibyl of Salisbury, also called John Marshal (1145–1194), inherited the title of Marshal, which he held until his death. The title was then granted by King Richard the Lionheart to his second son by Sibyl, William (1147–1219), who made the name and title famous. Though he had started out as a younger son without inheritance, by the time he inherited the title his reputation as a soldier and statesman was unmatched across Western Europe. John Marshal had four sons by his second wife. As well as John and William, there were Henry (1150–1206), who went on to become Bishop of Exeter, and Anselm, who served as a knight in the household of his kinsman, Rotrou IV, Count of Perche. There were also daughters: Maud (wife of William le Gras), Margaret and Sybilla. Maud's daughter, Margaret, married Ralph de Somery, son of John de Somery and Hawise de Paynell.
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marshal_(Marshal_of_England)
  
  ---------------------------------------------------------------
  
  “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
  “GILBERT, King's Marshal. He married ___. They had two sons, John and William Giffard. Sometime before 1130 he and his son, John, appeared in the king's court where they successfully maintained their office of master of the king's marshalsea against William de Hastings and Robert de Venoiz. He died in or shortly before 1130.
  Hardy Rotuli Chartarum in Turri Londinensi Asservati 1(1) (1837): 46-47. East Anglian 3 (1869): 30-32. Round Commune of London (1899): 305-306. Painter William Marshal Knight-Errant, Baron & Regent of England (1933). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix G, 91-99 (sub Rise of the Marshal). Keats-Rohan Domesday People (1999): 391 (author suggests Gilbert Marshal is possibly the son of Robert Marescal Norman, who occurs as a marshal in Domesday Wiltshire).
  Children of Gilbert the Marshal, by
  i. JOHN FITZ GILBERT (or JOHN THE MARSHAL) [see next].
  ii. WILLIAM GIFFARD. He was presented to the church of Cheddar, Somerset sometime in the period, 1123-35. He was Chancellor to the Empress Maud c.1141-47. He is believed to be the William the Chancellor who witnessed three charters of King David I in Scotland. He appears to have witnessed charters between 1141 and 1153 as "Brother William Giffard." Rpt. on the MSS of the Wells Cathedral (Hist. MSS Comm. 12A) (1885): 68. Round Geoffrey de Mandeville (1892): 88-95, 123, 171, 180-183 (William the Chancellor styled "brother" [fratre] of John Fitz Gilbert), 195. Cal. MSS. Dean & Chapter of Wells 1 (Hist. MSS. Comm., vol. 12B(1) (1907): 144. C.P. 10 (1945): 526 footnote c (sub Pipard), Appendix G, 92, footnote h (sub Rise of the Marshal). Chibnall Anglo-Norman Studies 14 (1992): 31-32. Garnett & Hudson Land & Government in Medieval England & Normandy (1994): 291-292.”
  ------------------------
  ... William, who entered holy orders and had the living of the church of Cheddar in Somerset. He went on to become chancellor to the Empress Matilda.
  
  http://livingthehistoryelizabethchadwick.blogspot.com/2009/10/biography-of-john-marshal.html
  
  Lord of Normandy
  Harold de Vaux, Lord of Normandy, had 3 sons that joined William the Conqueror to England in 1066. They are Hubert, Rundolph, and Robert.
  
  BIO
  BIO: from http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm#JohnFitzGilbertMarshaldied1165 as of 8/6/2016
  
  JOHN FitzGilbert "the Marshal" (-before Nov 1165). He succeeded his father
  
  JOHN FITZ GILBERT (also known as JOHN THE MARSHAL)
  JOHN FITZ GILBERT (also known as JOHN THE MARSHAL), of Cherhill, Great Bedwyn, Marlborough, Rockley, Tidworth, and Wexcombe (in Great Bedwyn), Wiltshire, Newbury, Berkshire, Nettlecombe, Somerset, etc
  
  === Owned Castles of Malborough and Lungersa ===
  Owned Castles of Malborough and Lungersahll in Wiltshire
  
  === "a limb of hell, the root of all evil". ===
  "a limb of hell, the root of all evil". He told King Stephen to hang his young son William and he didn't care.
  
  === Royal Ancestry Biography ===
  “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
  “JOHN FITZ GILBERT (also known as JOHN THE MARSHAL), of Cherhill, Great Bedwyn, Marlborough, Rockley, Tidworth, and Wexcombe (in Great Bedwyn), Wiltshire, Newbury, Berkshire, Nettlecombe, Somerset, etc., hereditary Master Marshal of England, son and heir, was of age in 1130. He married (1st) before 1130 ALINE PIPARD, daughter and heiress of Walter Pipard. They had two sons, Gilbert and Walter. In 1130 he accounted for his father's lands, and for the land and daughter of Walter Pipard. He was a loyal and trusted royal official and attested to at least twelve acts of King Henry I between 1129-35. He was with King Henry I in Normandy in 1130, and probably soon afterwards in England. About 1130 the king granted him Borough of Great Bedwyn, Wiltshire, which consisted of the tenements of 25 burgesses, and the lordship in demesne of Stock, Wexcombe, and Wilton and of what became West Bedwyn and Little Bedwyn manors. In 1137 he accompanied King Stephen on his expedition to Normandy. He took possession and fortified the Castles of Ludgershall and Marlborough, Wiltshire in 1138. In 1140 he held Marlborough, Wiltshire for King Stephen, and captured Robert Fitz Hubert who had taken the royal castle of Devizes. About 1141 he repudiated his wife, Aline; she subsequently married Stephen de Gay.* He married (2nd) SIBYL OF SALISBURY, daughter of Walter of Salisbury (also known as Walter Fitz Edward), of Chitterne, Wiltshire, Great Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, North Aston, Oxfordshire, etc., hereditary Sheriff of Wiltshire, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (or Sourches) [see LONGESPÉE 2 for her ancestry]. Her maritagium included the manor of Mildenhall, Wiltshire. They had four sons, John [Marshal of England], William, Knt. [3rd Earl of Pembroke and Strigull, Lord of Leinster, Marshal of England], Anselm, and Henry [Archdeacon of Stafford, Dean of York, Bishop of Exeter], and two daughters, Maud and ___. He deserted to the Empress in 1141 and supported the Angevin cause thenceforth until 1154. He witnessed at least four charters of the Empress, and there are two writs addressed to him in Wiltshire by her. He also witnessed five charters of Duke Henry in Normandy. In 1141 he was cut off and surrounded in Wherwell Abbey, Hampshire, but escaped with the loss of an eye and other wounds. In 1142 he was with the Empress at Oxford, and two years later at Devizes. In 1144 he was raiding the surrounding country from Marlborough Castle and oppressing the clergy. He was with Maud's son, Henry, at Devizes in 1149 and 1153. In 1152 Newbury Castle was defended by his constable against King Stephen. On the accession of King Henry II in 1154, he was granted Marlbrough Castle and manors of Cherhill and Wexcombe, Wiltshire by the king. In 1155-6 he granted to the Templars all his land at Temple Rockley, Wiltshire which he held of his brother-in-law, Patrick, Earl of Salisbury free and clear of secular service. He had to surrender Marlborough Castle to the king in 1158. He is probably the "John Fitz Gilbert" who witnessed a charter of William de Chesney dated c.1159-63. He was present at the Council of Clarendon in 1164; soon afterwards he sued Thomas Becket for part of his manor of Pagham, Sussex. He was a benefactor of Troarn Abbey, to which he gave land and a house in Winchester, Hampshire. JOHN FITZ GILBERT died shortly before Michaelmas 1165. His wife, Sibyl, died 3 June, year unknown. In 1175-6 part of a fine due to the crown from his heirs was remitted in reimbursements for repairs done to Marlborough Castle.
  (* Note: Aline Pipard and her 2nd husband, Stephen de Gay, were the parents of Philip de Gay, of Northbrook (in Kirklinton), Oxfordshire, and Wootton Basset, Broadtown (in Cliffe Pipard), and Compton Basset, Wiltshire. He married Cecily ___. They had two daughters, Cecily and Aline (wife of Alan Basset, Knt.). Philip de Gay died shortly before 3 July 1190, when the king made a division of his lands between his two daughters. His widow, Cecily, was in the king's gift in 1194-5. Three Rolls of the King's Court in the Reign of King Richard the First A.D. 1194-1195 (Pubs. Pipe Roll Soc. 14) (1891): 89 (sub Blakingaue Hundred: "Sedzilia q' fu[it] vxor Philipp de Gay in donocoe d[omi]ni RexWotton [terra sua] ...."). Vincent et al. Acta of Henry II & Richard I (List & Index Soc. Special Ser. 21) (1986): 204. BIHR 72 (1999): 323-333. National Archives, E 42/314 (available at www.catalogue.nationalarchives.gov.uk/search.asp).)
  Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum 5 (1825): 266 (Obit. of Tintern Abbey: "Sibilla comitissa mater Willielmi comitis de Penbroke [obiit] die iijtio. Junii."). Coll Top. et Gen.. 2 (1835): 163-166. Hardy Rotuli Chartarum in Turri Londinensi Asservati 1(1) (1837): 46-47. East Anglian 3 (1869): 30-32. Eyton Court, Household & Itinerary of Henry II (1878). Round Geoffrey de Mandeville (1892): 82, 125, 129-132, 171, 180-183 (William the Chancellor styled "brother" [fratre] of John Fitz Gilbert), 234, 314, 409, 416. Round Commune of London (1899): 305-306. Norgate Minority of Henry the Third (1912): 150-151. CRR 1 (1922): 424. Painter William Marshal Knight-Errant, Baron & Regent of England (1933). Foster Registrum Antiquissimum of the Cathedral Church of Lincoln 3 (Lincoln Rec. Soc. 29) (1935): 239-240 (charter of William de Chesney dated c.1159-63). Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 179 (charter of John Marshal dated 1155-6). C.P. 10 (1945): 526 footnote c (sub Pipard), Appendix G, 91-99 (sub Rise of the Marshal). Mason Beauchamp Cartulary Charters (Pipe Roll Soc. n.s. 43) (1980): 190 ("An estate worth 22l. blanch was held in Cherhill Wiltshire], in tetris datis by John Marshall between 1556 and Michaelmas 1164 (Red Book of the Exchequer (Rolls ser., 3 vols., 1896), II, 664; P.R.S. VII, 14), Robert Fitz Peter held it between Michaelmas 1165 and Michaelmas 1185 (P.R.S. VIII, 56; P.R.S. XXXV, 189). At Michaelmas 1187 it was held in terris datis by Geoffrey Fitz Peter (P.R.S. XXX VII, 173)"). Duby William Marshal The Flower of Chivalry (1985). Green Government of England Under Henry I (1989): 248-249 (biog. of John Marshal). Crouch "Robert of Gloucester: Mother & Sexual Politics in Norman Oxfordshire," BIHR 72 (1999): 323-333. VCH Wiltshire 16 (1999): 3-7, 8-49. Stacy Surveys of the Estates of Glasonbury Abbey, c. 1135-1201 (Recs. of Social & Econ. Hist. 33) (2001): 244, footnote 8. Holden & Gregory Hist. of William Marshal (2002). White Restoration & Reform, 1153-1165 (2004): 115-116 ("Although he had been deprived of Marlborough in 1157, John Marshal continued to hold two other former royal manors in Wiltshire until he died in the mid-1160s; Henry II then 'restored and confirmed' one of John's sons in the office of marshal, and in the holdings on both sides of the Channel 'which he ought to hold' but the allowances for terrae datae came to an end. One of the manors, Wexcombe, was entered in the 1165 pipe roll as land 'quern Johannes marescallus habuit'; the other was recorded in the same roll as having passed to Robert fitz Peter (PR/1H, 56). John Marshal was recorded against terra data in Marlborough in 1156 and 1157; we lack details of the allowances in 1155 (PR2H, 47; PR3H, 77). Alan de Neville was named as holder of Marlborough in subsequent years (PR4H, 116, etc.). For John's activities as castellan of Marlborough, see Gesta Steph., 106, 168, 218; Hist. Nov., 44; JW, 62-3."). Online reference: http://72.14.207.104/search?q=cache:90C6iSJHG38J:ads.ands.ac.uk/catalogue.
  Children of John Fitz Gilbert (otherwise John Marshal), by Aline Pipard:
  i. GILBERT MARSHAL (also known as GILBERT FITZ JOHN), son and heir by his father's 1st marriage. In the period, 1152-54, he reached agreement with his step-father and mother, Stephen and Aline de Gay, regarding Aline's inheritance. He witnessed his father's charter to Templars in 1155-6. In 1165 he succeeded to part of his father's lands, but died at Salisbury without issue before Michaelmas 1166. Leys Sandford Cartulary 2 (Oxfordshire Rec. Soc. 22) (1941): 179. C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix G, 91-99 (sub Rise of the Marshal). Keats-Rohan Domesday People (1999): 214.
  Children of John Fitz Gilbert (otherwise John Marshal), by Sibyl de Salisbury:
  i. JOHN MARSHAL, of Great Bedwyn and Wexcombe (in Great Bedwyn), Wiltshire, Speen, Berkshire, Bosham, Sussex, Inkberrow and Upleden, Worcestershire, etc., King's Marshal, Sheriff of Yorkshire, 1189-90, Sheriff of Sussex, 1191-3, 3rd but 1st surviving son, and 1st son by his father's 2nd marriage, probably born in 1144 or 1145. He married JOAN DE PORT, daughter of Adam de Port, by his 1st wife, Mabel [?de Orval]. They had no issue. By his mistress, Alice de Coleville),* he had one illegitimate son, John, Knt., and three daughters, Alice (or Amice), Juliane, and Sibyl. He succeeded to part of his father's lands in 1165, and in 1166 he succeeded to the lands of his half-brother, Gilbert Fitz John, with the office of Master Marshal. In 1170 he was with Henry the Young King at Winchester. In 1171-2 he was sent to Ireland in charge of the treasure amounting to £333.6.8. Sometime in the period, 1185-94, he gave the church of Cheddar, Somerset to Bradenstoke Priory, Wiltshire for his soul and the souls of his father, brethren, and relatives at rest there. He acted as Marshal at the Coronation of King Richard I in 1189, where he carried the Gold Spurs. The same year the king confirmed him in the manor of Wexcombe (in Great Bedwyn), Wiltshire. He was appointed custodian and receiver of all escheats in England. He was acting as a judge in cos. Oxford and Berks in 1192. JOHN MARSHAL was killed in March 1194, while defending Marlborough Castle, Wiltshire for John, Count of Mortain [afterwards King John]. His corpse was brought to Cirencester, Gloucestershire, where there was a funeral service in the church. The body was subse
  
  === Background information concerning some issues and misconceptions about the Vaux family ===
  There appears to be considerable confusion in some historical records, as well as in many private records, concerning the pedigree line of the Vaux (also spelled Valle and Vallibus) family in England. It is clear from historical records (for example: The Battle Abbey Roll; the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy; Burke’s Peerages of England: Extinct, Dormant and in Abeyance; Burke’s Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry; Burke's The Roll of Battle Abbey; The Domesday Book; and British History Online) that the Vaux line in England begins with Harold de Vaux, who accompanied William the Conqueror to England in 1066, Harold himself being accompanied by at least three sons: Hubert (Hubert I), Ranulph and Robert (Robert I) de Vaux. Some records also seem to suggest a possible fourth son named Aitard de Vaux. Harold de Vaux must have been born sometime before 1020 (and some private records suggest 1010) to have had three adult sons accompanying William the Conqueror in 1066. Those three sons must have been born by at least the 1040s to be adults by 1066. It is noted that The Domesday Book of 1086 only lists two members of the Vaux family: Robert de Vaux I and Aitard de Vaux. Harold, Hubert I and Ranulph do not appear in the Domesday Book, suggesting they were already deceased by 1086, or had returned to Normandy in France. In any case, those three original members of the Vaux family in England do not appear to be in England in 1086.
  
  Many records, particularly private records, but even some historical records, suggest that Hubert de Vaux I was given the Barony of Gillesland in Cumberland on the Scottish border by William the Conqueror. THAT IS SIMPLY IN ERROR. Ranulph le Meschines was named Earl of Chester (or Earl of Cumberland) by William the Conqueror and Ranulph le Meschines divided his county into several Baronies, including Gillesland. The Barony of Gillesland was granted to one Hubert de Vaux, but that was not until very nearly 1130, long after William the Conqueror’s death in 1087. The Conqueror’s son, Henry I, was the king at the time Gillesland was granted to one Hubert de Vaux and that could not have been Hubert de Vaux I who would have been in his late 80s or early 90s, if he were still living. The Hubert de Vaux who received Gillesland must be someone that should be referred to as Hubert de Vaux II. Hubert de Vaux II died in either 1164 or 1167 (the records don’t all agree on the date) and if that were Hubert de Vaux I he would be over 120 years of age.
  
  It appears from historical records that there are two different possible pedigrees for Hubert de Vaux II. Burke's Peerages of England: Extinct, Dormant, and in Abeyance reports that Hubert de Vaux I (who accompanied William the Conqueror to England) had a son Robert, who was the founder of the Priory of Pentney in Normandy. That Robert had two sons: Robert, who died without posterity, and Ranulph. Ranulph had a son Robert, who had a son Hubert (Hubert II?). However, the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy reports that Robert de Vaux I (who accompanied William the Conqueror to England and was the brother of Hubert de Vaux I named above) was the founder of the Priory of Pentney, but in Norfolk, England, and not in Normandy. He had a son William who had a son Robert (Robert II) who had seven sons, one of whom was named Hugh, which might be a misinterpretation of Hubert. Thus, it is not entirely possible to correctly identify Hubert de Vaux II. Burke's Peerages of England, cited above, places that Hubert de Vaux as the son to Robert de Vaux who was living in the time of King John (died 1216), much too late to be the Hubert de Vaux of the Barony of Gillesland about 1130.
  
  The record entry in the Battle Abbey Roll about the Vaux family appears to confuse the two Huberts (Hubert I and Hubert II) [See documents in the Memories section of Hubert de Vaux II]. That entry begins with Hubert de Vaux (Hubert II) who is reported “to be the grandson of the founder of Pentney Priory” (presumably the Pentney in Norfolk, England). Pentney Priory was established by one Robert de Vaux about 1130 and Robert de Vaux I and his son (perhaps grandson?) Robert de Vaux II were both buried there. It is not exactly clear which Robert founded the Priory, but from the date of 1130, it would seem quite likely that would be Robert I rather that Robert II, which is entirely possible since Robert I, being the youngest son of Harold de Vaux who accompanied William the Conqueror to England in 1066, was likely born by 1045 and would have been in his 80s. Robert I could have founded the Priory very shortly before his death and then been buried there. In any case, the Hubert de Vaux II who obtained the Barony of Gillesland is the grandson (or perhaps actually great grandson?) of Robert de Vaux I and the son of Robert de Vaux II. He is not the Hubert de Vaux who is the older brother of Robert de Vaux I and who is not found in the Domesday Book.
  
  The historical records also do not all agree on the details concerning the family of Robert de Vaux I. The Foundation for Medieval Genealogy reports Robert’s wife is named Agnes and that they had four children (sons): Roger, William, Oliver and Henry and that William was the founder of Pentney Priory and was the father of Robert II, Adam and William II. British History Online appears to disagree somewhat and reports Robert de Vaux I is the founder of Pentney Priory and he founded the Priory “for the souls of Agnes his wife, and their children”, and that entry also names William as the oldest of three sons, not four sons, and reports he was succeeded by his son Robert (Robert II), as William “took holy orders”. The next in the line appears to be John de Vaux “great-grandson of Robert” (presumably Robert I and likely the son of Robert II and grandson of William I). Another entry in British History Online reports that “Robert de Vallibus or Vaux, the youngest son of 3 brothers… was father of William, whose son Robert (Robert II) is said to have had 7 sons…” Only two of Robert’s (presumably Robert II) children are named in this entry: “Will., the eldest, dying without issue, was succeeded by his brother, Sir Oliver de Vaux… had 3 sons; Robert, who died young, William, the 2d, dying without issue, the inheritance came to the 3d brother, Sir John de Vaux…”. However, the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy [See document in the Memories section for Robert de Vaux II] does name the seven sons as follows: Robert, Oliver, John, Philip, Roger, Hugh (Hugonem) and William. There is no mention in either the British History Online or the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy entries of Hubert II being named as one of the seven sons of Robert II, but it appears that Hubert II must be one of the sons of Robert II if he is a grandson (likely great grandson) of Robert I, founder of Pentney Priory. It would appear that Hubert II is most likely one and the same person as the son named Hugh. Otherwise, Hubert II has no documented, unquestionable pedigree prior to his existence in later records associated with Gillesland, because it seems unlikely he could descend from Hubert I if Hubert I was gone before the time of the Domesday Book in 1086. Assuming that Hugh and Hubert II are, in fact, the same person, the Vaux pedigree of Hubert II would be as follows: Harold, father of Hubert I, Ranulph, and Robert I (and possibly Aitard), with Robert I being the father of William, father of Robert II, father of Hubert II, the sixth son, which seems very probable since Hubert II was reportedly born about 1105 and he would be the fourth generation from ROBERT I who had to have been born sometime before 1045.
  
  The confusion with the Vaux pedigree, however, does not end with Hubert II. The Foundation for Medieval Genealogy reports that Hubert II married Grace (not further identified) and they had three children: Robert (his successor), Ranulph and William (all very common, often repeated names in the family). Many private records also report a daughter named Beatrice de Vaux as the daughter of Hubert II. However, it appears that no historical records link Beatrice to Hubert II, but he does seem to be the most likely person of the right age, in the right place, at the right time to be the father of Beatrice, suggesting, perhaps, that Beatrice was an illegitimate child and was thus left out of the historical records. Beatrice is certainly as well documented as any of the other family members. There are several documents confirming her marriage to William de Briwere and several additional documents confirming the marriages of her children with William de Briwere to their individual spouses [See documents in the Memories section of Beatrice de Vaux), but none of those records name her father.
  
  Lacking any documentary evidence to the contrary that would suggest Beatrice is the daughter of someone other than Hubert de Vaux II, it seems prudent to leave her as Hubert’s daughter until documented proof demonstrates otherwise.
  
  === Royal Ancestry Biography ===
  “Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial & Medieval Families,” Douglas Richardson (2013):
  “GILBERT, King's Marshal. He married ___. They had two sons, John and William Giffard. Sometime before 1130 he and his son, John, appeared in the king's court where they successfully maintained their office of master of the king's marshalsea against William de Hastings and Robert de Venoiz. He died in or shortly before 1130.
  Hardy Rotuli Chartarum in Turri Londinensi Asservati 1(1) (1837): 46-47. East Anglian 3 (1869): 30-32. Round Commune of London (1899): 305-306. Painter William Marshal Knight-Errant, Baron & Regent of England (1933). C.P. 10 (1945): Appendix G, 91-99 (sub Rise of the Marshal). Keats-Rohan Domesday People (1999): 391 (author suggests Gilbert Marshal is possibly the son of Robert Marescal Norman, who occurs as a marshal in Domesday Wiltshire).
  Children of Gilbert the Marshal, by
  i. JOHN FITZ GILBERT (or JOHN THE MARSHAL) [see next].
  ii. WILLIAM GIFFARD. He was presented to the church of Cheddar, Somerset sometime in the period, 1123-35. He was Chancellor to the Empress Maud c.1141-47. He is believed to be the William the Chancellor who witnessed three charters of King David I in Scotland. He appears to have witnessed charters between 1141 and 1153 as "Brother William Giffard." Rpt. on the MSS of the Wells Cathedral (Hist. MSS Comm. 12A) (1885): 68. Round Geoffrey de Mandeville (1892): 88-95, 123, 171, 180-183 (William the Chancellor styled "brother" [fratre] of John Fitz Gilbert), 195. Cal. MSS. Dean & Chapter of Wells 1 (Hist. MSS. Comm., vol. 12B(1) (1907): 144. C.P. 10 (1945): 526 footnote c (sub Pipard), Appendix G, 92, footnote h (sub Rise of the Marshal). Chibnall Anglo-Norman Studies 14 (1992): 31-32. Garnett & Hudson Land & Government in Medieval England & Normandy (1994): 291-292.”
  
  === {{British Isles 742-1499}} ===
  {{British Isles 742-1499}}
  == Biography ==
  William was a cleric and chancellor to Queen Mathilda known as both William Giffard with William fitz Gilbert. He was presented 1123-1135 tothe church of
  Cheddar (Somerset) as "William Giffard, son of Gilbert the king'smarshal".Post by John Ravilious on Medieval Genealogy List, quoting the much cited work of Stacy. http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/GEN-MEDIEVAL/2003-01/1042089376
  As William fitz Gilbert he is known as Mathilda's chancellor in July 1141. He probably continued in this position for some time under her son, King Henry II.https://books.google.be/books?id=zcgxEvGAK_kC&pg=PA84
  
  His brother John fitz Gilbert inherited his father's marshalcy.
  
  == Sources ==* http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/GEN-MEDIEVAL/2003-01/1042089376
  * Pryde, E. B. & Greenway, D. E., ''Handbook of British Chronology'' (Cambridge University Press, 1996) [https://books.google.be/books?id=zcgxEvGAK_kC&pg=PA84 Page 84]
  * ''[[Space:Gentleman's Magazine and HistoricalReview|Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Review]]'' (London, January 1731) ::* [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015016468319;view=1up;seq=32 Page 28]: Monday, Jan. 25, 1731: "As workman were digging in the Gardens of Charles Child, Esq; of Waverlay in Surry (where an Abbey was founded about 600 Years ago., by [[Giffard-429|Wm Gifford]] thenBp of Winchester, and Abbot of Waverlay, as appears by the ''[[Space:Monasticon Anglicanum|Monasticon Anglicanum]]'', Vol. I. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_NgvPHsgLz70C#page/n855/mode/1up/search/Giffard p. 703]) they found a Leaden Pot, in which the Heart of a Man was preserved in Spirits, supposed from an Inscription on a Tomb in the Cathedral Church of Winchester to be the Heart of the said Bishop, which was not in the least decayed."
  
  
  
  === {{British Isles 742-1499}} ===
  {{British Isles 742-1499}}
  == Biography ==John Fitz-Gilbert, also called John Marshal, was the son of Gilbert Giffard, who was like John an hereditary marshal of the household of King Henry I. John and his father Gilbert, it was noted several generations later by King John, had successfully claimed the right to being "chief" marshall against competing claims from Robert de Venoix and William de Hasings.Round, J. H. (1911), The King's Serjeants & Officers of State with their Coronation Services. https://archive.org/stream/kingsserjeantsof00rounuoft#page/88/mode/2up By the time of John's children, the surname was being used as an early example of a surname, not only by his son and heir, but also by his younger sons.
  John's career coincided with a dark 19-year period in Anglo-Norman history, called "The Anarchy" (1135-1164). It was an interregnum following King Henry I's death with no clear male heir (his legitimate son had been lost at sea in 1620). Henry I's illegitimate son, Stephen, seized the throne, opposed by Henry's daughter-in-law, Empress Matilda, fighting for her (legitimate) son's rights (he became King Henry II in 1164). The Anglo-Norman nobility nearly wrecked the country in a lengthy civil war.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Anarchy
  John's marriage to Aline Pipard was a casualty of this conflict. From1135 to 1140 John loyally served King Stephen as Marshal of England, managing the Army's supplies and accompanying the King when he securedNormandy to his cause. John received three important castles in Wiltshire as his reward. With Hamstead Marshal, this gave him control ofWiltshire's strategic Kennet River valley. He was bitterly opposed by Patrick de Salisbury (also in Wiltshire), who supported Empress Matilda.http://www.geni.com/people/Aline-de-Pipard/6000000004382755262?through=6000000001353952871 and "John Fitz-Gilbert, the Marshal," ©1999 by Catherine Armstrong, at: http://www.castlewales.com/jf_gilbt.html.
  In February 1141, Stephen's army was defeated at Lincoln and the King taken prisoner, temporarily. John, who may have opposed Stephen's questionable military strategy, decided to change sides. Later that year, with great bravery, he helped Empress Matilda escape an ambush in Wiltshire, loosing an eye and being left for dead in the process. At the same time he came to a political/family agreement with his local enemy, the Patrick of Salisbury, by arranging to annul his first marriage to his distant cousin Aline Pipard (for "consanguinity" an often-used excuse by Medieval nobles at a time when divorce was impossible) and marry Patrick's spinster sister, Sybil.See preceding note.
  Aline's sons' rights were maintained but they both died within a year of their father, leaving John's lands, and the "Marshal of England" office, to John's third son (first son by Sibyl), John Marshal, who exercised it under King Henry II until his death in 1192. King Richard (Lionheart) then passed the office to his younger brother, William, who had gone to Normandy as squire to his cousin William de Tancarville, High Chamberlain of Normandy. Though William had started out as a fourth son without any inheritance, by the time he became the Marshal of England, his reputation as a soldier and statesman was unmatched. He expanded the powers of the Marshal's office and was later Regent for Henry III when he inherited the throne as a boy"John Fitz-Gilbert, the Marshal," © 1999 by Catherine Armstrong, at: http://www.castlewales.com/jf_gilbt.html.
  John Fitz-Gilbert Marshal was a ruthless Anglo-Norman baron with considerable daring, energy, and ambition. His abilities as a soldier and his love of military stratagy were well recorded as was his political savvy. Despite what some detractors wrote, he was also quite loyal bycontemporary standards. During the Anarchy he only changed sides once, remaining faithful to Matilda and her son after 1141 and defending them skillfully and at his own peril. His son William inherited his father's skills, reportedly rescuing Queen Eleanor (of Aquitaine), Henry II's wife, after an ambush near Lusignan Castle in France in 1167. After his brother's death without issue opened the way for him to become Marshal of England, he also showed great political skills, including helping implement the Magna Carta of 1215 between King John and theBarons. Between them, this father and son, from a relatively-minor Norman house, marked their century and influenced the course of Englishhistory. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Marshal,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marshal_(Marshal_of_England)
  
  : Burial: Bradenstoke Priory, Wiltshire
  : John FitzGilbert the Marshal (Marechal) (c. 1105 - 1165) was a minorAnglo-Norman nobleman during the reign of King Stephen, and fought inthe 12th century civil war on the side of the Empress Matilda. Since at least 1130 and probably earlier, he had been the royal marshal to King Henry I. When Henry died, John FitzGilbert swore for Stephen and was granted the castles of Marlborough and Ludgershall, in Wiltshire. Along with Hamstead Marshal, this gave him control of the valley of theRiver Kennet in Wiltshire.
  : Around 1139, John changed sides and swore for the Empress Matilda. In September 1141, Matilda fled the siege of Winchester and took refugein the Marshal's castle at Ludgershall. While covering her retreat from Winchester, John Marshal was forced to take refuge at Wherwell Abbey. The attackers set fire to the building, and John lost an eye to dripping lead from the melting roof.
  : In 1152, John had a legendary confrontation with King Stephen, who had besieged him at Newbury Castle. After John had broken an agreement to surrender, Stephen threatened to kill his son, whom John had given as a hostage. John refused, saying he could make more sons, but Stephen apparently took pity on the young boy and did not kill him. The boy grew up to be William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, a legendary figure in medieval lore, and one of the most powerful men in England.
  : The office of Lord Marshal, was an a hereditary title held by John'sfather, Gilbert Giffard, King's Marshal ''Medieval Lands''and was passed to John, his eldest son, and then to John's eldest sonalso named John, who died in 1192. John's younger brother William (later Regent of England) then inherited the title. John the son of Gilbert, also had a daughter, Margaret Marshal, who married Ralph de Somery, son of John de Somery and Hawise de Paynell.
  : John was the son of Gilbert Giffard (Royal Serjeant and Marshal to Henry I). In 1141, John arranged an annulment of his marriage to Aline Pipard in order to marry Sibyl of Salisbury, the sister of Patrick of Salisbury, ''Medieval Lands'' who had been a local rival ofhis, and a supporter of King Stephen, up to that point. John had two sons by Aline - Gilbert and Walter. Walter predeceased his father and Gilbert died shortly after inheriting his father's lands.
  : John's eldest son by Sybilla of Salisbury, also called John Marshal (died 1194), inherited the title of Marshal, which he held until his death. The title was then granted by King Richard the Lionheart to John's second son by Sybilla, William, who made the name and title famous.Though William had started out as a younger son without inheritance, by the time he actually inherited the title of Marshal his reputation as a soldier and statesman was unmatched across Western Europe. John Marshal had four sons in total by his second wife. As well as John and William, there was Henry, who went on to become Bishop of Exeter, and Ancel, who served as a knight in the household of his kinsman, Rotrou,Count of Perche.
  
  === Title of "Marshal" ==="Mareschal" is "Marshal" in from old French, the common language of the Anglo-Norman nobility of Medieval England. The title, which in Carolingian times had meant "horse servant". The position evolved into anofficial position and was imported from Normandy to England. John's father, Gilbert Fitz-Robert, was a marshal of King Henry I.
  :: Marshal was the title of the person in the king's household who maintained discipline at court; supplied receipts for payments, gifts andliveries from the king. He was over all servants of the court connected with the royal sports; over the king's bodyguard, and in charge of the horses. He was required to witness writs. It was an hereditary office. The Marshal took part in the ceremony of coronation. His sign of office was a baton bestowed by the king. ''Dictionary of Medieval Knighthood and Chivalry'' page 326
  The Marshal, under the Royal Constable, was responsible for keeping order at the royal court, making billeting arrangements, tallying the household's expenditures, monitoring knights performing military servicefor the King, and insuring the imprisonment of debtors. Under John's son William, who was often simply called "The Marshal" the office became "Earl Marshal" and is still the seventh of the eight "great Officers of State" of the British monarchy, just below the Lord High Constable and above the Lord High Admiral.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Marshal#Lords_Marshal_of_England.2C_1135.E2.80.931397
  
  == Sources ==
  
  *http://www.castlewales.com/jf_gilbt.html - excellent narrative; well researched short biography, (c) 1999 by Catherine Armstrong.* http://www.geni.com/people/John-FitzGilbert-The-Marshal-of-England/6000000006265484751?through=6000000002459854209
  * ''Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700'' by Frederick Lewis Weis, Lines 55-28, 66-27, 81-28, 122A-29
  * Barlow, Frank, ''The Feudal Kingdom of England 1042-1216'' (London: Longman Group Limited, 1961). ISBN 0-582-48237-2
  * ''William Marshal, Knighthood, War and Chivalry'' 1147-1219, Longman, 2002, ISBN 0 582 77222 2
  * Richardson, Douglas,
  
  === http://geneagraphie.com/getperson.php?personID=I51769&tree=1 ===
  
  The barbaric Goths
  The Baltic Goth tribes of northern Europe were known to have lived on the shores of the Baltic Sea before the birth of Christ. (The Baltic Sea borders what is now northern Poland and western Russia). The Goths lived somewhat peacefully in their northern homes, tending their crops with the help of slaves captured in war, until about 200 a.d. when they became warlike and began to migrate south into Europe. Their history as they marched across Europe was little else than a record of barbarian slaughter and pillage.
  They started war with the Roman Empire in the early 300's a.d. when they invaded Turkey and Greece. Alaric the Balthing became king of the Goths in 395 a.d. and in 410 a.d. led the Goths in a successful sacking of Rome which was a proximate cause of the fall of the Roman Empire in Italy. (It is reported by some that the Vance's are directly descended from Alaric).
  Alaric was a Christian who tried to be merciful to those who were conquered. When Rome was taken he ordered that any person who took refuge in the two churches of the great apostles, Saint Peter and Saint Paul, were to be spared but his orders were ignored by his troops. Streets were heaped with the dead, while others were brutally tortured, and many slaves taken.
  Alaric and his army then marched to southern Italy in an attempt to cut off supplies coming to Rome from Africa. They were caught in a storm when they attempted to invade Sicily. Alaric became sick and died at age 35. The Goth's momentum was then stopped and many of his followers settled in Italy.
  
  The family de Baux descend from a Baltic Goth family who overtook an ancient fortress in southern France after they were expelled from Italy. The medieval castle, Les Baux, still exists as ruins perched atop a rocky mountain ledge near Arles, France. (Baux means cliffs in the original Provencal language. It could be called then the Castle of the Cliffs).
  From their castle, they took the name de Baux. The first record of a de Baux is that of Gossallin who, in about 810, married Herriasbeuck, daughter and heiress of William, Sovereign of the Court of Orange, and niece of Bertha, wife of Emperor Charlemagne.
  The de Bauxs were feudal overlords owning seventynine villages and towns, mostly located
  along the Rhone River from Marseille north to near Lyon. One author says of them " The Princes of Les Baux were a barbaric race, ….with wild mountain blood in their veins. Their association with Christianity was certainly not of a very intimate kind. They were a blind, bloodstained race, believing in violence and retaliation as the one and only means of grace in this world and troubling themselves, till the moment of death, with very little about the next. They generally reaped as they had sown; feared, hated, and often dying deaths as terrible as those which they had inflicted on their victims." It was a powerful and influential family that married into a number of kingdoms and fiefdoms of Europe. They have been Dukes of Andrea; Princes of Joinville, Taranta, and Alamara; Sovereign Counts of Orange and Provence; and Kings of Vienne and Arles. The de Bauxs also claim descendancy from the Magi King, Balthazar, one of the wise men following the star to Bethlehem upon the birth of Jesus.
  ***************************
  "the Magi Kings
  There were three -- Balthazar, Melchior, and Gaspar – also known as the three wise men. The Bible, in Matthew 2:1 12, tel l s the story of them:
  Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of Herod the king, behold, wise men from the East came to Jerusalem, saying, " Where is he who has been born king of the Jews? For we have seen his star in the East, and have come to worship him." When Herod the king heard this, he was troubled…. Herod summoned the wise men secretly and ascertained from them what time the star appeared; and he sent them to Bethlehem, saying, " Go and search diligently for the child, and when you have found him bring me word, that I too may come and worship him." When they had heard the king they went their way; and lo, the star which they had seen in the East when before them, till it came to rest over the place where the child was. When they saw the star, they rejoiced exceedingly with great joy; and going into the house they saw the child with Mary his mother, and they fell down and worshiped him. Then, opening their treasures, they offered him gifts, gold and frankincense and myrrh. And being warned in a dream not to return to Herod, they departed to their own
  country by another way.
  ***************************
  To make sure everyone understood their relationship to Balthazar and the birth of Jesus, the de Bauxs carried the symbol of the star of Bethlehem on the arms and armor they bore in tournaments as well as in battle. It was also on their coins and in wall hangings decorating their castle. Written on the tomb of Raymond de Baux (who many think is the ancestor Bertrand de Baux) is, "To the illustrious family of des Baux held to derive its origin from the ancient King of Armenia to whom under the guidance of a star, the Saviour of the world manifested himself".
  
  In 929 a.d. Bertrand de Baux went to Normandy, in the north of France, by invitation of the Duke of Normandy and established a branch of the family there where the name became de Vaux. Bertrand was the progenitor of the family de Vaux, which long held a distinguished rank among the nobles of Normandy. It is near this point we can begin to follow each generation forward to the present
  
  The first we can identify in the lineage is Lord Harold de Vaux of Normandy. He had three sons, Hubert, Rundolph, and Robert, all of whom accompanied William the Conqueror of Normandy in the invasion of the British Isles, 1066. All three sons remained in England and well established themselves by acquiring baronies.
  
  Norman; surname Vaux or Vallibus derived from lordship near F(V)alaisa, Normandy; 4 Vaux brothers came to England with William the Conqueror in the Norman invasion of 1066.
  Held castle named de Vaux in Normandy until 1080. Was a mesne-lord in Norfolk, England in 1086 (Domesday Book), also possessed manor at Dalston, Cumberland, England.
  
  Note that this family history lineage has been established by researchers and historians (such as Playfair in Baronetage of
  Scotland and Balbirnie), although in some cases the proof is not rigorous, and often not up to standards of normal genealogy documentation. Some family histories differ on the succession of a generation or two. The following is the consensus and is representative of the family history.
  
  === John FitzGilbert, styled also John the M ===
  John FitzGilbert, styled also John the Marshal, 1st son and heir [of Gilbert], a party to the suit aforesaid, succeeded to his father's lands and office in or shortly before 1130, when he owed 22.13.4 marks for them. He then held land in Wiltshire, and owed 40 marks silver for the office of supplying fodder for the royal horses in his charge, as well as 30 marks silver for the land and daughter of Walter Pipard. He was with Henry I in Normandy in 1137 and in England in 1138, in which year he fortified the castles of Marlborough and Ludgershall. In 1140 he held Marlborough for the King, and captured Robert FitzHubert, who had taken the royal castle of Devizes. After Stephen had been taken prisoner at Lincoln, John joined the Empress, with whom he was at Reading in May, at Oxford in July, and at Winchester in Aug-Sep 1141, where in the final rout he was cut off and surrounded in Wherwell Abbey, but escaped with the loss of an eye and other wounds (b). In 1142 he was again with the Empress at Oxford, and some 2 years later at Devizes. In 1144 he was raiding the surrounding country form Marlborough Castle and oppressing the clergy. He was with Maud's son Henry at Devizes in 1149 and 1153; and in 1152 Newbury Castle was defended by his constable against Stephen. After Henry's accession John was granted Crown lands in Wiltshire worth 82 marks per annum, including Marlborough Castle; but he had to surrender the castle in 1158. He was present at the Council of Clarendon in 1164; soon after which he sued Thomas Becket for part of his manor at Pagham, in Sussex. John was a benefactor to the priory of Bradenstoke, the abbey of Troarn, and the Templars.
  
  He m., 1stly, Aline, who may have been the daughter and heir of Walter Pipard. He is said to have repudiated her circa 1141, and he m., 2ndly, Sibyl, sister of Patrick de Salisbury, 1st Earl of WIltshire, and daughter of Walter de Salisbury, hereditary sheriff of Wiltshire and constable of Salisbury Castle, by Sibyl, daughter of Patrick de Chaources (Chaworth). John d. in 1165, before Michaelmas. [Complete Peerage X:Appendix G:93-95]
  
  (b) According to the poem, John escaped from Winchester on foot to Marlborough, and there assembled troops, with which he inflicted much loss on the King and his partisans, and when Stephen marched towards Ludgershall, the Marshal waylaid and defeated the royal forces. After this Patrick de Salisbury (whom the poet prematurely makes an Earl) is said to have made many attacks on the Marshal, with the King's support; until the feud was settled by John repudiating his 1st wife and marrying Patrick's sister.
  
  --------------------------------
  
  John Marshal, whom the Gesta Stephani rather unkindly describes as 'a limb of hell and the root of all evil' was a man who loved warfare, and played the game of politics with great success. At first he supported Stephen but, when he began to realise the failings of the King and the potentialities of Matilda's party, he changed sides. Almost immediately he proved by a consummate act of bravery and hardihood, that he was worth having: escorting Matilda to safety in his castle at Ledgershall, John found that the party was going dangerously slowly because Matilda was riding side-saddle, so he persmacded her to ride astride, and stopped behind to delay the pursuers at Wherwell. His force was soon overpowered by the numbers of the enemy, and John took refuge with one of his knights in the Abbey. The opposing party promptly set fire to the church, and John and his knight had to take cover in the tower, John threatening to kill his knight if he made any move to surrender. As the lead of the roof began to melt and drop on the two soldiers, putting out one of John's eyes, the enemy moved off, convinced that they were dead. They escaped, in a terrible state, but triumphant, to John's castle.
  
  He plainly expected his children to be as tough as himself, as an incident of the year 1152, when William was about six, will show. King Stephen went to besiege Newbury Castle, which Matilda had given John to defend; the castellan, realising that provisions and the garrison were both too low to stand a long siege, asked for a truce to inform his master. This was normal practice, for if the castellan were not at once relieved, he could then surrender without being held to have let his master down. Now John had not sufficient troops to relieve the castle, so he asked Stephen to extend the truce whilst he, in turn, informed his mistress, and agreed to give William as a hostage, promising not to provision and garrison the castle during the truce. This he promptly did, and when he received word from Stephen that the child would be hung if he did not at once surrender the castle, he cheerfully replied that he had hammer and anvils to forge a better child than William. [Who's Who in the Middle Ages, John Fines, Barnes & Noble Books, New York, 1995]
  
  ----------------------------
  
  John Mareschall, attaching himself to the fortunes of Maud against King Stephen, was with Robert, the consul, Earl of Gloucester, at the siege of Winchester Castle, when the party of the empress sustained so signal a defeat. Upon the accession of Henry II, however, in 1154, his fidelity was amply rewarded by considerable grants in the co. Wilts; and in the 10th of that monarch's reign, being then marshal, he laid claim, for the crown, to one of the manors of the see of Canterbury from the prelate, Thomas à Becket, who about that period, had commenced his contest with the king. To this John s. his son and heir, John Mareschall. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 357, Marshal, Barons Marshal]
  
  ___________________
  
  John Marshal (d 1164), warrior, was son and heir of Gilbert Marshal, who was unsuccessfully impleaded with him in the court of Henry I by Robert de Venoiz and William de Hastings for the office of master of the king's marshalsea, from which the family took its name. In the 'Pipe Roll' of 1140 he is found paying for succession to his father's lands and office and in possession of an estate in wiltshire. In 1138 he fortified Marlborough and Lundgershall, probably as one of the rebels of that year, for Stephen was besieging him in Marlborough when the empress landed, in 1139. In 1140 he was approached by Robert FitzHubert, who had seized Devizes Castle, and who hoped to secure Marlborough; but John, overreaching him, made him his prisoner, and then sold him to the Earl of Gloucester. His action in this matter is somewhat mysterious, but he seems to have been fighting, virtmaclly, for his own hand. In 1141, on the downfall of Stephen, he actively supported the empress, being present with her at Reading in May, at Oxford in July, and at the siege of Winchester in August and September. At the close of the siege (13 Sept) he comes into prominence, being cut off with a small force, and forced to take refuge in Wherwell Abbey. The abbey was fired by the enemy, but John stood his ground, and, though surrounded by flames, refused to surrender to his foes. There is a stiring description of this scene in the 'Histoire de Guillaume le Marechal,' which here commences its narrative, and states that Marshal, though supposed to have perished, rejoined his friends with the loss of an eye and other wounds. It was to his castle of Ludgershall that the empress first fled, and in the following summer (1142) he was again by her side at Oxford, where his brother William was acting as her chancellor. In 1144 he is described by the 'Gesta' as making Marborough Castle a centre of predatory excursions, and as oppressing the clergy, a charge which is confirmed by the chronicle of Abingdon. About the same time he attended the court of the empress at Devizes. In 1149 he witnessed a charter of her son Henry at Devizes, and on the latter's accession he received a grant of crown lands in Wiltshire worth 82 l a year. Among them was Marlborough, which, however, he lost in 1158. He repeatedly witnessed Henry's charters, and was present at the council of Clarendon (1164). Not long afterwards he claimed in the archbishop's court Mundham, parcel of the archiepiscopal manor of Pagham, Sussex. Failing in his suit he made oath that justice was denied him, and appealed to the king. Henry summoned Becket to answer the complaint in his court, but the primate excused himself on the ground of ill-health when the case came on (14 Sept). The king then summoned him to a great council at Northampton, where on 8 Oct he was fined 500 l for not appearing in person in September. Next day he spoke on Marshal's case, alleging that the oath by which John had sworn to his refusal of justice was invalid, having been cunningly taken on a troparium. The king replied that John was detained in London as an official of the exchequer, but would come shortly. Becket's biographers take the case no further, but state that John and two of his sons died the same year. As to John, he was certainly dead at Michaelmas 1165; but it was not till a year later that his son paid relief for his lands. It is possible that the two sons who died were Gilbert and Walter, the children of his first marriage. Gilbert did not survive him long, and the 'Histoire' says they died about the same time. by his second wife, Sibyle, sister to Earl Patrick of Salisbury, he left four sons: John, his successor; William, afterwards Earl Marshal; Anselm; and Henry, afterwards bishop of Exeter. He appears to have largely increased his patrimony, and he held several estates as an under-tenant at his death. The 'Gesta' describes him from Stephen's standpoint as 'a child of hell, and the root of all evil,' but the Continmactor of Florence terms him ' a distinguished soldier,' and the 'Histoire' praises his fidelity to the empress. [Dictionary of National Biography XII:1106]
  
  === !The Complete Peerage GS 942 D22 cok Vol ===
  !The Complete Peerage GS 942 D22 cok Vol 10, Appendix G. p. 95. History of the County of Northampton Q942.55 H2ba V.1 p. 479
  
  === THE PLANTAGENET ANCESTRY (GS NUMBER Q940 ===
  THE PLANTAGENET ANCESTRY (GS NUMBER Q940 D2T) P.114; SORLEY'S PEDIGREES (GS NUMBER Q929.242 SO68) P.22, 29; STAFFORDSHIRE PUBLICATION 8 VOL 9 CHATER 7, 8; ANCESTRAL FILE, LDS GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY;
  
  === Research Hints ===
  https://www.myheritage.com/names/harold_devaux
  
  For other family information
  
  === !Ancestral Roots of Certain American Col ===
  !Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700. by Frederick Lewis Weis. Seventh Edition. Page 59
  
  === Notes and sources for Harold... ===
  ~ The History of the Queens' College of St. Margaret and St. Bernard in the University of Cambridge, Part II, 1560-1662, v.12-15 , "Vaux Pedigree", pg. 106, founder of Petney Abbey, named as Robert de Vaux. 791
  
  ~Burke's A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland, Extinct, Dormand and Abeyance, pg. 531, names this Vaux as Harold de Vaux, Lord of Vaux in Normand, came to England, accompanied by his three sons, Hurbert, Ranulph, Lord of Tryermayne, and Robert de Vaux. 829
  
  ~The Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. I, pg. 295-296, names him Robert de Vaux. 185
  
  bullet Noted events in his life were:
  
  • Background Information. 185
  The Norman Castle of Vaux or De Vallibus is mentioned by Orderic Vitalis: and then Terra di Vallibus continued in the possession of the family to which it gave their name until the time of King John. Two brothers, Robert and Aitard de Vaux, appears in Domesday as mesne-lords in Norfolk. The former was probably the same Robert de Vals or de Vaux who, six years before, gave his Tithes to St. Evrault [orderic Vit. 576]. Both of them held of Roger Bigod. "Robert de Vallibus, who held Pentney of Bigod, founded a Priory there for the souls of Agnes his wife and their children."
  
  Hubert de Vaux, the grandson of the founder of Pentney Priory, Robert Vaux, and son of the second Robert Vaux, received from Henry II, a grant of the barony of Gilsland, one of the three great fiefs into which Ranulph de Meschines had divided the frontier district of Cumberland. Hubert earned his share of the reconquered territory by helping to drive out the Scots. Hubert died in 1164, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Robert. Robert died without issue and his brother Ralph succeeded him. The line terminated with Ralph's grandson, Hubert II, whose daughter Maud, Landy of Gilsland, carried the barony to the Multons; and her great-great-grand-daughter Margaret again transferred it to the Dacres.
  
  ~The Battle Abbey Roll, Vol. I, pg. 295-296
  
  • Background Information. 888
  According to the Domesday Survey of 1086, Robert de Vallibus held Pentney, in Norfolk, under Roger le Bigod, and founded a Priory of Black canons there which he dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene. His son, also named Robert de Vallibus, made a grant to the Priory of Castleace in Norfolk, of a mill and meadows in Petney. In this grant he mentions his brothers, Robert Pingui, Gilbert and Hubert.
  
  Robert de Vallibus, the second, is recorded in Norfolk as rendering £4 6s. 8d., that he may have the land of Hocton of the inheritance of his wife. [Pipe roll, 31 Henry]
  ~Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmoreland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society, Vol. IV, p. 454
  
  === !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Editio ===
  !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Edition line 81-28
  
  === Wikipedia Biography ===
  John FitzGilbert the Marshal of the Horses (c. 1105 – 1165) was a minor Anglo-Norman nobleman during the reign of King Stephen, and fought in the 12th century civil war on the side of Empress Matilda.
  
  Since at least 1130 and probably earlier, he had been the royal marshal to King Henry I. When Henry died, John FitzGilbert swore for Stephen and was granted the castles of Marlborough and Ludgershall, Wiltshire during this time. Along with Hamstead Marshal, this gave him control of the valley of the River Kennet in Wiltshire. He also held lands in Somerset, Berkshire, and owned some buildings in Winchester. When Empress Matilda and her supporters landed in Sussex in 1139 to press her claim for the throne, John seems to have only been a nominal supporter of Stephen. His loyalty to the king seems to have been in sufficient doubt that his castle at Marlborough was briefly besieged. When Stephen was captured at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141, John switched allegiance to Matilda. In September 1141, Matilda fled the siege of Winchester and took refuge in the Marshal's castle at Ludgershall. While covering her retreat from Winchester, John Marshal was forced to take refuge at Wherwell Abbey. The attackers set fire to the building, and John lost an eye to dripping lead from the melting roof.
  
  In 1152, John had a celebrated confrontation with King Stephen, who had besieged him at Newbury Castle. After John had broken an agreement to surrender, Stephen threatened to kill his son, whom John had given as a hostage. John refused, saying he could make more sons, but Stephen apparently took pity on the young boy and did not kill him. The boy grew up to be William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, a legendary figure in medieval lore, and one of the most powerful men in England.
  
  Later in his life, John briefly became entangled in the Becket Controversy. Having unsuccessfully tried to assert a claim over the archbishop's land in Pagham in 1164, John then appealed to the king. Although John's claims were dubious at best, King Henry used the affair to his advantage against Becket, who had refused to appear in person at the appeal. The resulting Council of Northampton in October 1164 led to further charges being aimed at Becket, such as embezzlement during his time as chancellor, and he would soon flee to the continent.
  
  The office of Lord Marshal, which originally related to the keeping of the King's horses, and later, the head of his household troops, was won as a hereditary title by John, passed to his eldest son and was later claimed by William.
  
  Family
  John was the son of Gilbert, Royal Serjeant and Marshal to Henry I, and his wife Margaret. After his father died in 1129, John inherited the title of King's Marshal.
  
  John married Aline Pipard, whose father Walter Pipard had been a friend of John's father. John repudiated Aline, about 1141; she subsequently married Stephen de Gay.
  John married (2nd) Sibyl of Salisbury, the sister of Patrick of Salisbury, who had been a local rival of his, and a supporter of King Stephen, up to that point.
  
  John had two sons by Aline Pipard –
  1. Gilbert (died 1166) and
  2. Walter (died before 1165).
  Walter predeceased his father and Gilbert died shortly after inheriting his father's lands.
  
  John's eldest son by Sibyl of Salisbury, also called John Marshal (1145–1194), inherited the title of Marshal, which he held until his death. The title was then granted by King Richard the Lionheart to his second son by Sibyl, William (1147–1219), who made the name and title famous. Though he had started out as a younger son without inheritance, by the time he inherited the title his reputation as a soldier and statesman was unmatched across Western Europe. John Marshal had four sons by his second wife. As well as John and William, there was Henry (1150–1206), who went on to become Bishop of Exeter, and Anselm, who served as a knight in the household of his kinsman, Rotrou, Count of Perche. There were also daughters: Maud (wife of Robert Ponte de l'Arche), Margaret (wife of William le Gras) and Sybilla. John's granddaughter, Margaret le Gras, married Ralph de Somery, son of John de Somery and Hawise de Paynell.
  
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marshal_(Marshal_of_England)
  
  === !SOURCE: ANCESTRAL ROOTS OF SIXTY COLON ===
  !SOURCE: ANCESTRAL ROOTS OF SIXTY COLONISTS WHO CAME TO NEW ENGLAND BETWEEN 1623 AND 1650, 6TH ED 1988, PG 73, LINE 66 #27, EARL OF SALISBURY !SOURCE: FAMILY GROUP SHEET SUBMITTED BY LILLIAN E. R. LEE

• m. 1130

1. John Marshall II, b. ABT 1144 in shire, Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales, United Kingdom     d. ABT MAR 1194 in Bradenstoke, England
2. Gilbert FitzJohn Marshall, b. ABT 1138 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales     d. BEF 29 SEP 1166 in Salisbury, Wiltshire, England
3. William Marshall, b. ABT 1146     d. 14 May 1219. 73 yrs old in Caversham Manor, Caversham, Berkshire, England

• m. BEF 1144 in Wiltshire, England

1. John Marshal, b. ABT 1144 in Great Bedwyn, Wiltshire, England     d. MAR 1194 in Marlborough Castle, Marlborough, Wiltshire, England

1. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
   Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL1.htm#JohnFitzGilbertMarshaldied1165;
   
2. Title: Sibilla FitzEdward, Wife of John FitzGilbert, Marshall of the Horses, Wikipedia
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marshal_(Marshal_of_England);
   
3. Title: The early history of the Stricklands of Sizergh, together with ... Washington, Sydney Horace Lee, 1910-
   Author: pages 21-2 gives some history of the Vaux line...
   Publication: Name: https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89066287624&view=1up&seq=31;
   
4. Title: John Marshal, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVGJ-JHXK : 12 December 2022), John Fitz Gilbert Marshal, ; Burial, Bradenstoke, Wiltshire Unitary Authority, Wiltshire, England, Bradenstoke Priory; citing record ID 123363224, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVGJ-JHXK;
   Page: K
   
5. Title: Harold de Vaux in Burke's Peerages of England, Dormant, Extinct and in Abeyance, pg. 531-532 [See document in the Memories section]
   Author: Burke's Peerages of England, Dormant, Extinct and in Abeyance, pg. 531-532
   Note: Harold de Vaux in Burke's Peerages of England, Dormant, Extinct and in Abeyance, pg. 531-532 [See document in the Memories section]
   Page: Harold de Vaux in Burke's Peerages of England, Dormant, Extinct and in Abeyance, pg. 531-532 [See document in the Memories section]
   
6. Title: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy - Medieval Lands Project
   
7. Title: Greatest Knight
   Author: Thomas Asbridge, Author, The Greatest Knight, 2nd edition (195 Broadway, New York, NY 10007: HarperCollins Publishers, 2014), Page 4.
   Page: K
   
8. Title: Burke's Landed Gentry
   Author: "Burke's Landed Gentry", Burke, John, 1787-1848. (Main) Burke, Bernard, Sir, 1814-1892, joint author. (Added), (Baltimore:MD, Clearfield Publishing Co., 1891-1895, reprinted 1997)
   Note: birth-name: John Marshall de FitzGilbert Unknown-Begin: ; Salisbury, Wiltshire, England, United Kingdom
   Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2037060914
   
9. Title: Wikipedia - John Fitz Gilbert, the Marshal of the Horses
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marshal_(Marshal_of_England);
   Note: John FitzGilbert the Marshal of the Horses (c. 1105 – 1165) was a minor Anglo-Norman nobleman during the reign of King Stephen, and fought in the 12th century civil war on the side of Empress Matilda. In September 1141, Matilda fled the siege of Winchester and took refuge in the Marshal's castle at Ludgershall. While covering her retreat from Winchester, John Marshal was forced to take refuge at Wherwell Abbey. The attackers set fire to the building, and John lost an eye to dripping lead from the melting roof. John was the son of Gilbert, Royal Serjeant and Marshal to Henry I, and his wife Margaret. After his father died in 1129, John inherited the title of King's Marshal. John married Aline Pipard, whose father Walter Pipard had been a friend of John's father. John repudiated Aline, about 1141; she subsequently married Stephen de Gay. John married (2nd) Sibyl of Salisbury. John's eldest son by Sibyl of Salisbury, also called John Marshal (1145–1194), inherited the title of Marshal. John Marshal had four sons by his second wife. There were also daughters.
   Page: Biography.
   
10. Title: Héraldique européenne
    Author: "Héraldique européenne", Arnaud Bunel , Coats of Arms for European Royalty and Nobility (http://www.heraldique-europeenne.org, Arnaud Bunel, 1998) , Internet
    Note: Unknown-Begin: ; Salisbury, Wiltshire, England, United Kingdom "Armigerous" (ahr-MIJ-ehr-us) adjective Bearing or entitled to bear heraldicarms. The reason the notion of a family crest was brought into the languagewas that those who were armigerous (entitled to bear arms) used to put their crest or achieveme
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:2037060934
    
11. Title: Biography of John Marshal By: Elizabeth Chadwick RNA award for Historical Fiction
    Author: The entire page...
    Publication: Name: http://livingthehistoryelizabethchadwick.blogspot.com/2009/10/biography-of-john-marshal.html;
    Note: Biography of John Marshal - Historical Fiction
    Page: Historical Data.
    
12. Title: Hubert, Ranulph and Robert de Vaux in Burke's The Roll of Battle Abbey, pg. 43 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: Burke's The Roll of Battle Abbey, pg. 43
    Note: Hubert, Ranulph and Robert de Vaux in Burke's The Roll of Battle Abbey, pg. 43 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Hubert, Ranulph and Robert de Vaux in Burke's The Roll of Battle Abbey, pg. 43 [See document in the Memories section]
    
13. Title: Earls of England
    Author: Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, Medieval Lands Projects, Lancaster
    Publication: Name: https://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/enguntlo.htm#_Toc64702013;
    Note: About Gilbert and Helewise
    Page: British Isles - England, Earls 1138-1143 , p. 200: JOHN FitzGilbert "the Marshal" (-before Nov 1165). He succeeded his father in [1130] as Master Marshal of the king's household. The 1129/30 Pipe Roll records "Johs Marisc" accounting for "terra et ministerio patris sui"[1461]. The Gesta Stephani Regis names "Joannes, ille Marescallus agnominatus" among the supporters of Empress Matilda in the English civil war[1462]. Military fee certifications in the Red Book of the Exchequer, in 1166, record that "Johannes Marescallus" used to hold knights’ fees in Oxfordshire during the reign of King Henry I, now held by "Gilbertus filius eius" from "Manasser Arsic"[1463]. Empress Matilda made various grants of property by charter dated to [1141/42] witnessed by "…Johes filius Gisleberti…"[1464]. "…Rainaldo comite Cornubie…Johanne Marescallo" witnessed the charter dated to [Feb/Mar] 1155 under which Henry II King of England restored properties of "Roberto filio Hereberti Camerarii", held by "pater suus vel avus suus"[1465]. The 1157 Pipe Roll records "Johi Marescall" in Herefordshire and Hampshire (three times)[1466]. The Red Book of the Exchequer refers to "Johannes Marscallus xx s" in Worcestershire in [1161/62][1467]. m firstly (repudiated [1141]) as her first husband, ALINE, daughter of [WALTER Pipard] & his wife ---. The Complete Peerage states that John’s marriage to a daughter of Walter Pipard, a minor Wiltshire baron, is "stated as a fact by Painter" but "this seems a rash deduction from the fact that John paid 30 marks for Walter’s land and daughter" [as recorded in the 1129/30 Pipe Roll in which "Johs Marisc" accounted for "terra et filia Walti Pipardi"][1468]. The early 13th century Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal records that John divorced his first wife and married "damesele Sibire la sorur le cunte Patriz"[1469]. She married secondly Stephen Gai[1470]. Henri Duke of Normandy confirmed an agreement between "Stephanum Gai et Adelicia uxorem suam" and "Gislbtu fil Johannis Mariscalli et eiusdem Aeline" relating to her inheritance by charter dated to [Apr/May] 1153[1471]. m secondly (before [1144]) SIBYL de Salisbury, daughter of WALTER FitzEdward de Salisbury & his wife Matilda de Chaources . The early 13th century Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal records that John divorced his first wife and married "damesele Sibire la sorur le cunte Patriz"[1472].
    
14. Title: Our royal, titled, noble and commoner ancestors
    Author: Citations [S787] Unknown author, Some Early English Pedigrees, by Vernon M. Norr, p. 46. [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. III, p. 595. [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. IV, p. 34-35. [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. IV, p. 670. [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. IV, p. 33. [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. IV, p. 39-40.
    Note: John FitzGilbert Marshal, Marshal of England1,2,3,4 Last Edited 4 Apr 2020 M, #4740, b. circa 1109, d. circa 29 September 1165 Father Gilbert Giffard, King's Marshal5 d. c 1130 John FitzGilbert Marshal, Marshal of England Only Gilbert and Walter from 1st wife. He was born circa 1109 at of Cherhill, Great Bedwyn, Marlborough, Rockley, Tidworth, & Wescombe in Great Bedwyn, Wiltshire, England; Of age in 1130.3 He married Aline Pipard, daughter of Walter Pipard, before 1130; They had 2 sons (Gilbert; & Walter).3 John FitzGilbert Marshal, Marshal of England and Aline Pipard were divorced circa 1141; Repudiated.3 John FitzGilbert Marshal, Marshal of England married Sybil de Salisbury, daughter of Walter de Evereux, Sheriff of Wiltshire, Constable of Salisbury Castle and Sibilla de Chaworth, circa 1142; They had 4 sons (John, Marshal of England; Sir William, 3rd Earl of Pembroke & Triguil, Lord of Leinster, Marshal of England; Anselm; & Henry, Archdeacon of Stafford, Dean of York, Bishop of Exeter) & 2 daughters (Maud, wife of Sir Robert Ponte de l'Arche; & (unnamed), wife of William le Gras).2,3 John FitzGilbert Marshal, Marshal of England died circa 29 September 1165.3 Family 1 Aline Pipard Children Gilbert Marshal3 b. c 1138, d. c 29 Sep 1166 Walter FitzJohn b. c 1140 Family 2 Sybil de Salisbury b. c 1120, d. b 3 Jun 1176 Children (Miss) Marshal+3,4 John Marshal, Marshall of England, Sheriff of Yorkshire & Sussex+3 b. c 1144, d. Mar 1194 Sir William Marshal, 4th Earl of Pembroke, Marshal of England, Sheriff of Gloucestershire & Sussex, Constable of Lillebonne+3 b. 1146, d. 14 May 1219 Maud Marshall+6 b. c 1148 Anselm Marshal3 b. c 1152, d. a 1189 Henry Marshal, Bishop of Exeter, Archdeacon of Stafford, Dean of York3 b. c 1154, d. Oct 1206
    
15. Title: Aline Pipard, Wife of John FitzGilbert, Marshall of the Horses, Wikipedia
    
16. Title: Harold de Vaux in Burke's Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland, pgs. 781 and 497 [See document in the Memories section]
    Author: A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland, pgs. 781 and 497
    Note: Harold de Vaux in Burke's Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland, pgs. 781 and 497 [See document in the Memories section]
    Page: Harold de Vaux in Burke's Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland, pgs. 781 and 497 [See document in the Memories section]