Robert FitzWalter

• Preferred Name: Robert FitzWalter^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Burial: DEC 1235 in Little Dunmow, Essex, England at LATI: N1.8684 LONG: E0.4078
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Magna Carta Surety1215 in Runnymede, Surrey, England at LATI: N1.2811 LONG: E0.4006
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Lord of Dunlow Castle in Essex, England at LATI: N1.8523 LONG: E0.6147 with note: update
  
• FSID: MN3Q-HQY
  
• Birth: ABT 1166 in Maldon, Essex, England at LATI: N1.7313 LONG: E0.676
  
• Death: 9 DEC 1235 in Little Dunmow, Essex, England at LATI: N1.8684 LONG: E0.4078
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Biography
  Origins
  Robert was the son of Walter FitzRobert and Mathilde de Lucy.[1][2] Hs birth date in not known, nor has any firm information survived about his earlier life.[2] Professor Saul suggests a birth date of about 1180.[3]
  
  Lands
  The death of his father in 1198 made Robert one of the wealthiest and most powerful English Barons. He inherited the Barony of Little Dunmow, based in Essex.[4] His lands - spread across a number of counties[1] - comprised 66 knights' fees.[2]
  
  Through his marriage Robert also held the Barony of Benington, based in Hertfordshire[5] and held a further 32 knights' fees.[2]
  
  In 1204 Robert was co-heir to Kentish lands of his uncle Godfrey de Lucy.[1][2] In 1207 his wife inherited lands in Yorkshire from the widow of her uncle Geoffrey de Valoines.[1]
  
  By 1213 he also held 11 knights' fees in Cornwall, inherited from another de Lucy uncle, Richard de Lucy.[6]
  
  Besides estates in England, Robert held knights' fees in Poitou.[2]
  
  1200-1210
  Robert appears in records from 1200. That year he confirmed a gift by his father[1] and was surety for half the fine imposed on his brother Simon for marrying without royal permission.[2]
  
  In 1203 Robert and Saher de Quincy were entrusted with the castle of Vaudreuil in Normandy. Even though this was a strong fortification, they surrendered to Philippe Auguste of France without a blow being fought. He and Saher de Quincy were held captive:[1][2] he agreed to a ransom of 5000 marks.[1]
  
  Robert was with King John on his 1206 expedition to Poitou,[2] and, in October 1206, was a witness to a truce between King John and Philippe Auguste.[1][2] Four years later, in 1210, he served with King John in Ireland.[1][2]
  
  1212 Plot
  In 1212 Robert, along with Eustace de Vescy and Llyweyn ap Iorwerth, was a leading figure in a plot to assassinate King John. The conspiracy never prospered, and Robert fled to France. He was outlawed, his estates were seized several of his castles were demolished.[1][2] A reconciliation with King John was patched up the next year, as part of a wide-ranging agreement between King John the Pope, and his lands were restored.[2]
  
  Magna Carta and Rebellion
  In 1215 Robert was one of the group of Barons who compelled King John to sign the Magna Carta, and became a main leader, being termed "Marshal of the Army of God and Holy Church".[1][2]
  
  That summer the Barons entrusted Northamptonshire to Robert. Soon afterwards open rebellion broke out. In October 1215, Robert was defending the bridge at Rochester, Kent against royal forces, but was forced to retreat to London.[2] In December 1215 he and other rebel Barons were excommunicated.[1]
  
  Robert and Saher de Quincy went to France to enlist the support of Prince Louis, returning with French troops in January 1216.[1] Robert continued in rebellion the rebels' defeat at the second Battle of Lincoln in 1217, when he was taken prisoner. He was released in October 1217, and his lands were restored.[1][2]
  
  Later Life
  In 1219 Robert went on crusade, taking part in the siege of Damietta during the 5th Crusade. He returned home sick.[2] In 1223 he fought in Wales with the forces of the government of Henry III.[2]
  
  In 1225 he was a witness to Henry III's confirmation of Magna Carta rights.[1][2]
  
  In 1230 Robert was among those appointed to hold an assize of arms in Essex and Hertfordshire.[1][2]
  
  Marriages and Children
  Robert married twice. Before 13 October 1199 he married Gunnora de Valoines as her second husband.[1][7] They had at least two children:
  
  Maud[1][7]
  Christian or Christina[1]
  Gunner was still alive in 1208.[1][7] The Histoire des ducs de Normandie et des rois d’Angleterre mentions also an unnamed son,[7] who, assuming he existed, must have died in his father's lifetime as it was Robert's son by his second marriage who inherited.[2][4][7]
  
  Robert's second wife was Rohese, whose family origins are uncertain.[1][7] They had one son:
  
  Walter,[1] who was born in about 1219 as he came of age in 1240,[4] and who was Robert's main heir[2][4][7]
  Death and Burial
  Robert died on 9 December 1235 and was buried at Dunmow Priory, Essex.[1][2] He was survived by his second wife Rohese, who may have lived on to 1256.[1]
  
  https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/FitzWalter-101
  
  Robert FitzWalter and the Magna Carta
  Robert Fitzwalter was the leader of the rebellion of the barons and one of 25 sureties of the Magna Carta. I believe the 25 sureties were guaranteeing that if King John didn’t abide by the rules of t
  
  Robert Fitzwalter (died 9 December 1235)
  Robert Fitzwalter (died 9 December 1235) was the leader of the baronial opposition against King John, and one of the twenty-five sureties of Magna Carta. He was feudal baron of Little Dunmow, Essex an
  
  Marshall of the Barons' Army, Feudal Lord of Dunmow Castle
  
  === Lord of Dunmow Castle, Leader of the Mag ===
  Lord of Dunmow Castle, Leader of the Magna Charta Barons, 1215.
  
  === Magna Carta Baron ===
  Magna Carta Baron
  
  === !Fitz Walter, Robert. d. 1235. Baronial ===
  !Fitz Walter, Robert. d. 1235. Baronial leader; lord of Baynard's castle In 1203 he surrendered Vaudreuil castle in Normandy to Philip II of France, since no aid had come from King John of England. In 1212 FitzWalter was exiled to France for conspiracy against John, and Baynard's castle was demolished. However, he returned soon after and led the barons army against the king in 1215, when London was seized. FitzWalter was excommunicated as one of the 25 commissioners of Magna Carta. After John's death he offered the crown to Prince Louis of France, but was defeated and captured by the forces of the young Henry III of England led by William Marshal, at Lincoln in 1217. He went on the Fifth Crusade and was present at the siege of Damietta (1219-20). On his return, he submitted to Henry III's Council. Ref. The Plantagenet Chronicles: 278, 296, 308, 313. The Dawson Family Org John Dawson 6514 Kline St. Arvada Co. 80004.
  
  === Source: Weis, Sheppard, Beal, The Magna ===
  Source: Weis, Sheppard, Beal, The Magna Charta Sureties, 1215, 5th Ed., Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore, [1999], 50-1. Lord of Dunmow Castle.
  
  === Leader of the Magna Charta Barons 1215, ===
  Leader of the Magna Charta Barons 1215, went on the fifth crusade, was at the siege of Damietta 1219-1220,
  
  === Robert Fitz Walter of Woodham was a lead ===
  Robert Fitz Walter of Woodham was a leader of the barons who revolted against King John in 1215 and obtained the Magma Charta. 148-27. Weis.
  
  === Robert FitzWalter, Surety, 3rd Lord of ===
  Robert FitzWalter, Surety, 3rd Lord of Dunmow Castle, upon the scutage assessment of Scotland, in the 13th of King John, 1212, had the king's special writ of acquittal for 63 1/2 knight's fees, which were of his own proper inheritance, and a 3rd part which he had acquired by marriage. But the next year, on account of conspiracies with the barons against King John to keep his promises in the matter of proposed statutes, he was forced to flee with his family into France in order to avoid being arrested upon the first disposition of the barons to revolt. He was charged soon with treason and rebellion and his house in London, called Baynard's Castle, was demolished by order of King John. "The primary occasion for these discontents," says Dugdale (Sir Wm. Dugdale, 1605-1686, noted English antiquary, who published History of Warwickshire and History of English Peerage, and was Norrey King-at-arms), "is by some thus reported, viz., that this Robert FitzWalter, having a very beautiful daughter, called Maud, residing at Dunmow Castle, and King John frequently solicited her chastity, but never provailing, grew so enraged that he caused her to be privately poisoned. She was buried at the south side of the quire at Dunmow between two pillars there." Tradition has thus assigned this disgraceful act on the part of King John as the principal cause of his enmity for Robert FitzWalter, which was no less than an attempt to obtain Maud for one of his concubines. But whether this is the truth or not, FitzWalter's opposition seemed to be dominated by the desire for the Magna Charta, and his feelings and conduct were engulfed in the agitated sea of history which opened at this period. To endeavor to win him over to his side King John pretended to admire FitzWalter's skill, prowess and valour at a tournament, which took place in Normandy, in France, and making this an excuse, restored to him the whole of his forfeited estates and permitted him to repair his Castle of Baynard in Londo n and other fortresses and constituted him Governor of Hertford Castle in 1214-15. But FitzWalter's heart was still in the cause of the barons and he was soon in open opposition to the king, while his high rank, tried courage and acknowledged abilities soon gave him a lead amongst his compeers. We find him, therefore, among the first commissioners nominated to treat with the king when it was agreed that the City of London should be delivered up to the barons and twenty-five of those powerful chiefs should be chosen to govern the realm. The insurrectionary lords subsequently assembled at St. Edmondsbury, and there pledged themselves by solemn oath at the high altar that if the king refused to confirm the laws and liberties granted by Edward the Confessor they would withdraw their allegiance from him and seize upon his fortresses. After which, forming themselves into a regular army, they appointed FitzWalter leader of the barons and General of their army, under the title of "Marshal of the Army of God and the Holy Church," and, under his command, they eventually extorted the "Great Charters of Freedom" from King John on the plains of Runnemede, when FitzWalter was elected one of the celebrated twenty-five appointed to see to the faithful observance of those laws. After the granting of the Magna Charta, when King John endeavored to elude his promises, FitzWalter was one of the committee of the baronial party, which went to France to invite the Dauphin to accept the throne of England, and on this Prince's coming he, with William de Mandeville and William de Huntingfield, both Sureties, reduced the Counties of Essex and Suffolk to the authority of the Dauphin. Upon the accession of Henry III, after the Battle of Lincoln, and the Royal Army was victorious, FitzWalter was made a prisoner with the majority of the barons. And then finding the Dauphin, whom they had attempted to put on the throne. a useless political factor, they dropped him and returned to their allegiance and engaged a ship and took the Dauphin back to France. In 1218 FitzWalter was allowed to assume the cross and join a crusade. When he took part in the siege of Damietta he returned and died a peaceful death in 1234 and was buried before the high altar of Dunmow Priory. Notwithstanding his enmity to Kings John and Henry III, and the frequent confiscations of his property, FitzWalter died possessed of an extensive estate. He married 1st Gunora, daughter and heiress of Robert, 2nd Lord of Valoines, by his wife Roesia, daughter of William, 5th feudal Baron of Blount, 2nd Rose or Roese. By 1st wife he had Walter, his successor, Maud, or Matilda, and Christian. Maud, who was poisoned by King John, through her persecution and romantic death, has been the subject of many plays, poems and popular tales, her name appearing under that of "Matilda, the Fair," "Malkin or Maid Marion," "the Queen of the Mays," "Sherwood Forest, Mistress of Robin Hood," or "Robert, Earl of Huntingdon." (Cokayne's Complete Peerage, Vol 6, p. 650, says that Robin Hood, otherwise Robin Fitzoath, the famous forest outlaw, popularly ennobled in legend as Earl of Huntingdon, never possessed that Earldom, or any other title of dignity.)
  
  === !DEATH: Date: December 9, 1235 - Doc. Li ===
  !DEATH: Date: December 9, 1235 - Doc. Line 148-27 !MARRIAGE: Robert Fitz Walter and Rhoese - Doc. Line 148-27 !NOTE: Leader of the barons who revolted against King John in 1215 and abtained the Magna Charta. - Doc. Line 148-27 !RESIDENCE: Of Woodham - Doc. Line 148-27
  
  === !Leader of Barons of Runnymeade Magna Ca ===
  !Leader of Barons of Runnymeade Magna Carta Surety Lord of Dunmow Castle Encyclopedia Britannica 11th edition Camden pp. 37,73; Reigh of King John Burke's Extinct Peerage, pp. 459 pp 323-324
  
  === Rebelled against King John in 1215 and o ===
  Rebelled against King John in 1215 and obtained the Magna Carta.
  
  === SORLEY'S PEDIGREES (GS NUMBER Q929.242 S ===
  SORLEY'S PEDIGREES (GS NUMBER Q929.242 SO68) P.18, 20, 28, 38, 47;
  
  === He was Lord of Baynard's Castle. He had ===
  He was Lord of Baynard's Castle. He had estates primarily in Essex. Hewas Lord of Dunmow Castle. He was a swaggering, jovial prankster andbraggart. He was the principal in a plot (with his cousin Eustace de Vesci) tooverthrow John. After being found out, he received refuge at the courtof Philippe Augustus. His pardon was a condition of John'sre-approachment with the Pope after the Langdon affair. On April 26, 1215, he led a force to Northampton to make John sign theMagna Carta; but John didn't appear. On May 3, 1215, he was declared by rebel barons, the "Marshal of theArmy of God and the Holy Church". On May 12, 1215, John seized his and other rebels' lands and estates,and had Papal support. On May 17, 1215, friends within London open the city to FitzWalter. On June 10, 1215, the uprising ended. John was forced to sign theMagna Carta at Runnymeade. In October 1215, Louis Capet, son of Philippe Augustus was offered theEnglish crown. On May 171, 1217, he was captured by William Marshal at the siege ofLincoln Castle, the "Fair of Lincoln". (Norman Lucey via Internet)
  
  === Leader of the Magna Charta Barons 1215, ===
  Leader of the Magna Charta Barons 1215,
  
  === Robert fitz Walter, Leader of the Magna ===
  Robert fitz Walter, Leader of the Magna Charta Barons 1215 , of Woodham, d. 9 Dec 1235, Lord of Dunmow Castle; m. Rohe se. [Magna Charta Sureties] ----------------------------- Robert Fitz Walter, feudal Lord of Woodham Walter; foremos t of the 25 Barons (magnates rather than peers of Parliamen t) enforcing the Magna Carta; killed at the siege of Damiet ta, Egypt, 9 Dec 1235. [Burke's Peerage] ----------------------------- Robert's daughter Maud (or Matilda) was the basis of the le gendary Maid Marion of Robin Hood. Leader of the Barons ag ainst King John. ------------------------------ This feudal lord, upon the assessment of the scutage of Sco tland in the 13th of John [1212], had the king's especial w rit of acquittal for sixty-three knights' fees and a half , which were of his own proper inheritance; and for thirt y knights' fees, and a third part which he had acquired b y marriage. But the next year he was forced to fly with hi s family into France in order to avoid being arrested upo n the first disposition of the barons to revolt; and was so on afterwards charged with treason and rebellion, when hi s house, called Baynard Castle, in the city of London, wa s demolished by order of the king. "The primary occasion of these discontents," say Dugdale, " is by some thus reported: viz., -- that this Robert Fitz-Wa lter having a very beautiful dau. called Maude, residing a t Dunmow, the king frequently solicited her chastity but, n ever prevailing, grew so enraged that he caused her to be p rivately poisoned, and that she was buried at the south sid e of the quire at Dunmow, between two pillars there." FitzWalter, however, is said, subsequently, to have made hi s peace with King John by the great prowess and valour he d isplayed at a tournament, held in Normandy before the king s of France and England, where, running a tilt with his gre at lance, he overthrew his rival at the first course, whic h act of gallantry caused the English monarch to exclaim, " By God's Tooth, he deserves to be a king who hath such a so ldier of his train;" and afterwards, ascertaining the nam e of the victorious knight, he immediately sent for him and , having restore his barony, gave him liberty to repair hi s castle of Baynard. In the 17th of King John, FitzWalter h ad so far regained the confidence of the crown that he wa s appointed governor of the castle at Hertford; but soon af ter, arraying himself under the baronial banner, his land s were all seized and those in Cornwall committed to Princ e Henry, the king's son; a course of proceeding that had th e immediate effect of riveting the haughty baron to the cau se which he had espoused, while his high rank, tried courag e, and acknowledged abilities soon gave him a lead amongs t his compeers. We find him, therefore, amongst the first c ommissioners nominated to treat with the king when it was a greed that the city of London should be delivered up to th e barons, and twenty-five of those powerful feudal chiefs c hosen to govern the realm. The insurrectionary lords subseq uently assembled at St. Edmundsbury, and there pledged them selves, by solemn oath at the high altar, that, if the kin g refused to confirm the laws and liberties granted by Edwa rd the Confessor, they would withdraw their allegiance fro m him and seize upon his fortresses. After which, forming t hemselves into a regular army, they appointed this Robert F itzWalter their general with the title of Marshal of the ar my of God and the Church, and under his command they eventu ally extorted the Great Charters of Freedom from John on th e plains of Runnymede, when FitzWalter was elected one of t he celebrated twenty-five appointed to see the faithful obs ervance of those laws. He continued, during the remainder o f John's reign, equally firm to his purpose; and after th e accession of Henry III until the battle of Lincoln, wher e the baronial army sustained a signal defeat under his com mand, and he became a prisoner himself after displaying a m ore than ordinary degree of valour. He does not appear, how ever, to have remained long under restraint, for we find hi m the very next year in the Holy Land, and assisting at th e great siege of Damietta. This eminent feudal baron m. 1st, Gunnora, dau. and heires s of Robert de Valoines, and had issue, Walter, his success or; Matilda; Christian, m. 1st to William Mandeville, Ear l of Essex, and 2ndly, to Raymond de Burgh. He m. 2ndly, Ro se ---, and dying at the siege of Damietta in 1234, was s . by his son, Walter FitzWalter. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dorman t, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerag e, Ltd., London, 1883, p. 212, FitzWalter, Barons FitzWalte r]
  
  === ANCESTRAL ROOTS, by F. L. Weis, 7th Ed., ===
  ANCESTRAL ROOTS, by F. L. Weis, 7th Ed., Line 148 #27, pg. 130: Robert Fitz Walter, by Maud de Lucy (maritagium: Diss, Norfolk), of Woodham, d. 9 Dec 1235; leader of the barons who revolted against King John in 1215 and obtained the Magna Charta; m. Rohese. (CP V 472 note f; Weever 632).
  
  === Rebelled against King John Rebelled agai ===
  Rebelled against King John Rebelled against King John
  
  === Leader of the magna Charta Barons, 1215 ===
  Leader of the magna Charta Barons, 1215 high alter of Dunmow Priory
  
  === !Sir Bernard Burke's Dormant & Extinct P ===
  !Sir Bernard Burke's Dormant & Extinct Peerage p.212.Dugdale says RobertFitz Walrer also had a daughter called Maude,ling at Dunmow;
  
  === !#21> Complete-v5-p Mandeville ped,127,1 ===
  !#21> Complete-v5-p Mandeville ped,127,127fn(a),132,472fn(f),-v11-p381/2fn(k), (FHL 942 D22cok); !CONFLICT: #21-v11-p381/2fn(k)> name-Robert FITZPHILIP; =SURNAME: SUR-G2> (FITZWAUTER) FITZWALTER;
  
  === Leader of the 25 surities of the Magna C ===
  Leader of the 25 surities of the Magna Charta. Held the CastlesofBaynard and Norwich. One of his daughters Matilda has beenremembered inhistory as "Maid Marion"; Held by King John.Norwich Castle, Once aformidable fortress, has almost but noquite disappeared. It now standshigh upon a steep mount. It isstill partly surrounded by eathworks, and aditch is spanned bya very early bridge. Only a square Norman keepremains.
  
  === !MARRIAGE-BIRTH: Magna Charta Part VII; ===
  !MARRIAGE-BIRTH: Magna Charta Part VII; by John S. Wurts; 1954;Brookfield Publishing Co.; PO Box 4933, Philadelphia, Pa.; pg 2044 !DEATH: Sureities for the Observance of the Magna Charta (Appointed 15-19June, 1215) pg 83 HISTORY:Robert FitzWalter was the leader of the Magna Charta Barons andtheir army andis shown to be the 27th in descent from Pharamond, PedigreeP, page 427. Taken from page 2044 of Wurt's Magna Charta, chapter 241.He is listed on pg 83 of the Sureties of the Observance of the MagnaCharta as the lord of Dunmow Castle. He was the third Lord of DunmowCastle, leader of the barons and their army, who secured the Magna Chartafrom King John, and styled "Marshal of the Army ofGod and the HolyChurch". The first public act recorded of this subsequently importantbaron, who was castellan and standard-bearer of the city of London,conveys at first a bad impression of him. It is recorded that beingtrusted, together with Saire de Quincey, tokeep the castle of Ruil, inFrance, delibered it up to the king of that realm as soon as he came forit with his army". This appears to imply not less of disloyalty than ofcowardice; but a short time proved to which of these motives it was to beassigned. At that time the barons, not only those abroad, were preparingto try to compel King John to keep his promises in the matter of theproposed statutes, and several conspiracies to thisend were discovered,wherein Robert fitz Walter was materially concerned. On the discovery ofhis "treasonable practices", fitz Walter, with his wife and children,sought asylum in France; but in the following year, 1213, his friendspersuaded him to return home, and with the other barons, he wasreconciled to King John. But this friendship was only of short duration,for shortly it was discovered that he was still plotting against the kingin the interests of reformin the government, so his residence in London,the Castleif Baynard, was in consequence, almost entirely destroyed, andthe hatred between Jo hn and Fitzwalter was violent in the greatestdegree. Tradition has assigned a disgraceful acton the part of the Kingas the principal cause of this, which was no less thanan attempt toprocure Fitzwalter's daughter, Maud for one of his concubines. Butwhether this is the truth or not, Fitzwalter's opposition seemed to bedominated by the desire for the Magna Charta, and his feelings andconduct were engulfed in the agitated sea of history which opened up thisperiod. To endeaver to win him over to his side, King John pretended to admireFitzwalter's skill, prowess, and valor in a tournament, which took placein Normandy and France, and making this an excuse, restored to him thewhole of his forfeited estates andpermitted him to repair his destroyedfortresses, and constituted him governorof Hertford Castle 1214-15. ButFitzwalter's heart was still in the cause of the barons, and he was soonagain in open opposition to the king. His lands were seized, whichcourse effectually secured him to the discontented barons and the people.The active spirit of Fitzwalter made him a desirable leader to theirparty, andhe was selected as one of the commissioners to treat of acomposureof differences at a meeting at Erith Church. After the granting of the Magna Charta, when King John endeavored toelude his promises, Fitzwalter was one of the committee ofthe baronialparty which went to France to invite the Dauphin to accept the throne ofEngland, and on this prince's coming he, ithe William deMandeville andWilliam de Huntingfield, the Sureties, reduced the counties of Essex andSuffolk to the authority of the Dauphin. With the accession of Henry III,Fitzwalter, again up in arms, would not yield the castle of Mountworrel,in Leicestershire. When William Marshall, the protector, proceeded witha part of the royal army to besiege it, Saire de Quincey, with his fellowbarons, raised an army of 20,000, with Fitzwalter as one of h
  
  === of Dunmow and of Woodham. Leader of Baro ===
  of Dunmow and of Woodham. Leader of Barons who fought against King John. Magna Charta Surety 1215 MAGNA CHARTA: signed the Magna Charta as surety in 1215
  
  === Robert FITZWALTER, "who well knew of ar ===
  Robert FITZWALTER, "who well knew of arms the business," on a yellow banner had a fesse between two red chevrons. Both of these arms are to be seen in stained glass in Dorchester Church, Oxon, in a window which was probably nearly contemporary with the siege, and perhaps recording the benefactors to the Church.
  
  === !Brown book 5, P C 201. Magna Charta Sur ===
  !Brown book 5, P C 201. Magna Charta Surety. 3rd Lord of Dunmow Castle. Standard bearer of the City of London: leader of the Magna Charta Barons against King John: leader of thier armies: called "Marshall of the Army of God and the Holy Church".
  
  === One of the most distinguished Barons to ===
  One of the most distinguished Barons to rebel against Jean I, and was styled, Marshal of the army of God and the Holy Church.
  
  === b. Robert Fitz Walter of Woodham was lea ===
  b. Robert Fitz Walter of Woodham was leader of the barons who revolted against King John in 1215, and obtained the Magna Charta. r. ROBERT FITZ WALTER, of Woodham, d. 9 Dec. 1235; Leader of the barons who revolted aginst King John in 1215 and obtained the Magna Charta; m. Rohese. ["60 Colonists" line 148-27.]
  
  === !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Editio ===
  !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Edition line 148-27
  
  === Note: Robert Fitz Walter, feudal Lord of ===
  Note: Robert Fitz Walter, feudal Lord of Woodham Walter; foremost of the 25Barons (magnates rather than peers of Parliament) enforcing the MagnaCarta; killed at the siege of Damietta, Egypt, 9 Dec 1235. [Burke'sPeerage] ----------------------------- Robert's daughter Maud (or Matilda) was the basis of the legendaryMaid Marion of Robin Hood. Leader of the Barons against King John. ------------------------------ This feudal lord, upon the assessment of the scutage of Scotland inthe 13th of John [1212], had the king's especial writ of acquittal forsixty-three knights' fees and a half, which were of his own properinheritance; and for thirty knights' fees, and a third part which hehad acquired by marriage. But the next year he was forced to fly withhis family into France in order to avoid being arrested upon the firstdisposition of the barons to revolt; and was soon afterwards chargedwith treason and rebellion, when his house, called Baynard Castle, inthe city of London, was demolished by order of the king. "The primary occasion of these discontents," say Dugdale, "is by somethus reported: viz., -- that this Robert Fitz-Walter having a verybeautiful dau. called Maude, residing at Dunmow, the king frequentlysolicited her chastity but, never prevailing, grew so enraged that hecaused her to be privately poisoned, and that she was buried at thesouth side of the quire at Dunmow, between two pillars there." FitzWalter, however, is said, subsequently, to have made his peacewith King John by the great prowess and valour he displayed at atournament, held in Normandy before the kings of France and England,where, running a tilt with his great lance, he overthrew his rival atthe first course, which act of gallantry caused the English monarch toexclaim, "By God's Tooth, he deserves to be a king who hath such asoldier of his train;" and afterwards, ascertaining the name of thevictorious knight, he immediately sent for him and, having restore hisbarony, gave him liberty to repair his c astle of Baynard. In the 17thof King John, FitzWalter had so far regained the confidence of thecrown that he was appointed governor of the castle at Hertford; butsoon after, arraying himself under the baronial banner, his lands wereall seized and those in Cornwall committed to Prince Henry, the king'sson; a course of proceeding that had the immediate effect of rivetingthe haughty baron to the cause which he had espoused, while his highrank, tried courage, and acknowledged abilities soon gave him a leadamongst his compeers. We find him, therefore, amongst the firstcommissioners nominated to treat with the king when it was agreed thatthe city of London should be delivered up to the barons, andtwenty-five of those powerful feudal chiefs chosen to govern therealm. The insurrectionary lords subsequently assembled at St.Edmundsbury, and there pledged themselves, by solemn oath at the highaltar, that, if the king refused to confirm the laws and libertiesgranted by Edward the Confessor, they would withdraw their allegiancefrom him and seize upon his fortresses. After which, formingthemselves into a regular army, they appointed this Robert FitzWaltertheir general with the title of Marshal of the army of God and theChurch, and under his command they eventually extorted the GreatCharters of Freedom from John on the plains of Runnymede, whenFitzWalter was elected one of the celebrated twenty-five appointed tosee the faithful observance of those laws. He continued, during theremainder of John's reign, equally firm to his purpose; and after theaccession of Henry III until the battle of Lincoln, where the baronialarmy sustained a signal defeat under his command, and he became aprisoner himself after displaying a more than ordinary degree ofvalour. He does not appear, however, to have remained long underrestraint, for we find him the very next year in the Holy Land, andassisting at the great siege of Damietta. This eminent feudal baron m. 1st, Gunnora, dau. and heiress of Robertde Valoines, and had issue, Walter, his successor; Matilda; Christian,m. 1st to William Mandeville, Earl of Essex, and 2ndly, to Raymond deBurgh. He m. 2ndly, Rose ---, and dying at the siege of Damietta in1234, was s. by his son, Walter FitzWalter. [Sir Bernard Burke,Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage,Ltd., London, 1883, p. 212, FitzWalter, Barons FitzWalter] Sources: Title: The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis, additionsby Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999 Page: 50-1 Title: Burke's Peerage & Baronetage, 106th Edition, Charles MosleyEditor-in-Chief, 1999 Page: 1069 Title: Burke's Peerage & Baronetage, 106th Edition, Charles MosleyEditor-in-Chief, 1999 Page: 1069 Text: no date, 2nd marriage, mother of Walter
  
  === 1 HIST ROBERT FITZWALTER DE CLARE WAS ===
  1 HIST ROBERT FITZWALTER DE CLARE WAS ONE OF THE BARONS THAT REVOLTED AGAINST KING JOHN I AND RESULTED IN THE FORMATIONOF THE MAGNA CARTA SURETY. ROBERT (3RD LORD OF DUNMOW) , UPON THE SCUTTAGE ASSESSMENT OF SCOTLAND IN 1212, HAD THE KING'S SPECIAL WRIT OF AQUITTAL OF 63 AND A HALF KNIGHTS FEES, WHICH WERE OF HIS INHERITANCE, AND A THIRD WHICH WERE PART OF HIS MARRIAGE. BUT THE NEXT YEAR, BECAUSE OF CONSPIRENCIES AGAINST KING JOHN, HE WAS FORCED TO FLEE TO FRANCE TO AVOID BEING ARRESTED. HE WAS SOON CHARGED WITH TREASON AND HIS HOUSE IN LONDON,BAYNARD'S CASTLE, WAS DEMOLISHED BY THE KING. ACCORDING TO SIR WILLIAM DUGDALE (1605-1686)(HISTORIAN), ROBERT'S DAUGHTER, MAUD (MATILDA) WAS A VERY ATTRACTIVE GIRL AND KING JOHN MADE SEVERAL VISITS TO HER, BUT TO NO AVAIL AT CLAIMING HER CHASTITY. HE BECAME SO ENRAGED THAT HE HAD HER POISONED. HISTORY HAS ASSIGNED THIS ACT AS THE BASIS FOR THE ENMITY BETWEEN THE TWO MEN. IN TRUTH, IT WAS PROBABLY ROBERT'S DESIRE FOR REFORMATION OF JOHN'S REGIME THAT CAUSED THE RIFT. 1 HIST IN AN ATTEMPT TO WIN ROBERT OVER, JOHN PRETENDED TO ADMIRE ROBERT'S SKILL, PROWESS, AND VALOUR AT A TOURNAMENT IN NORMANDY, GAVE BACK THE POSSESIONS THAT HE HAD STRIPPED FROM THE FITZWALTERS. BUT ROBERT'S HEART WAS STILL WITH THE CAUSE OF THE BARONS AND HE WAS SOON IN OPPOSITION TO THE KING, AND HIS RANK MADE HIM A LEADER IN THAT OPPOSITION. WE THEREFORE FIND HIM AMONG THE FIRST COMMISSIONERS NOMINATED WHEN IT WAS DECIDED THAT LONDON SHOULD BE DELIVERED TO THE BARONS AND THAT 25 SHOULD GOVERN THE REALM. THE LORDS ASSEMBLED AT ST EDMONDSBURY, AND THERE PLEDGED THEMSELVES TO THE OATH THAT IF KING JOHN SHOULD REJECT THE LAWS GIVEN BY EDWARD THE CONFESSOR THEY WOULD WITHDRAW THEIR ALLEGIANCE AND SIEZE THE KING'S FORTRESSES. AFTER FORMING THEMSELVES INTO AN ARMY, ROBERT FITZWALTER WAS NAMED GENERAL UNDER THE TITLE OF 'MARSHALL OF THE ARMY OF GOD AND THE HOLY CHURCH'. UNDER HIS COMMAND THEY EXTORTED THE 'GREAT CHARTERS OF FREEDOM' (MAGNA CARTA) FR OM KING JOHN ON THE PLAINS OF RUNEMEDE. FITZWALTER WAS THEN ELECTED AS ONE OF THE 25 THAT WERE TO OVERSEE THE OBSERVANCE OF THOSE FREEDOMS. 1 HIST AFTER THE GRANTING OF THE MAGNA CARTA, JOHN ENDEAVOURED TO ELUDE HIS PROMISES. ROBERT AND THE OTHERS ON THE SURETY, WENT TO FRANCE TO ASK THE DAUPHINE TO TAKE THE THROWN OF ENGLAND. THIS REDUCED ESSEX AND SUFFOLK UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE FRENCH DAUPHIN. AFTER THE SUCCESSION OF HENRY III AND THE BATTLE OF LINCOLN, ROBERT WAS ARRESTED ALONG WITH A GREAT NUMBER OF OTHER BARONS. ONCE FREED, THEY DROPPED ALLEGIANCE TO THE DAUPHIN AND HIRED A SHIP TO TAKE HIM BACK TO FRANCE. THE BARONS THEN SWORE ALLEGIENCE TO HENRY III. IN 1218, ROBERT WAS ALLOWED TO JOIN THE CRUSADE. HE WAS INJURED AT DAMIETTA, BUT RETURNED HOME AND DIED PEACEFULLY IN 1234. HE WAS BURIED AT DUNMOW CASTLE. HE LEFT EXTENSIVE HOLDINGS TO HIS HEIRS. HIS DAUGHTER MAUD WAS RECHRISTIANED MATILDA THE FAIR AND BECAME PART OF WORLD LEGEND AS THE BASIS FOR THE CHARACTER "MAID MARION" IN THE ADVENTURES OF ROBIN HOOD (ROBERT FITZOATH, POSSIBLY THE EARL OF HUNTINGDON.)
  
  === !Sorley Pedigrees Q929.242 SO 68s p. 38 ===
  !Sorley Pedigrees Q929.242 SO 68s p. 38 Dictionary of National Biography 920.042 D56L n7 gives death date as 9 Dec 1235
  
  === !MARRIAGE-BIRTH: Magna Charta Part VII; ===
  !MARRIAGE-BIRTH: Magna Charta Part VII; by John S. Wurts; 1954; Brookfield Publishing Co.; PO Box 4933, Philadelphia, Pa.; pg 2044 !DEATH: Sureities for the Observance of the Magna Charta (Appointed 15-19 June, 1215) pg 83 HISTORY:Robert FitzWalter was the leader of the Magna Charta Barons and their army andis shown to be the 27th in descent from Pharamond, Pedigree P, page 427. Taken from page 2044 of Wurt's Magna Charta, chapter 241. He is listed on pg 83 ofthe Sureties of the Observance of the Magna Charta as the lord of Dunmow Castle. He was the third Lord of Dunmow Castle, leader of the barons and their army,who secured the Magna Charta from King John, and styled "Marshal of the Army ofGod and the Holy Church". The first public act recorded of this subsequentlyimportant baron, who was castellan and standard-bearer of the city of London, conveys at first a bad impression of him. It is recorded that being trusted, together with Saire de Quincey, tokeep the castle of Ruil, in France, delibered it up to the king of that realm as soon as he came for it with his army". Thisappears to imply not less of disloyalty than of cowardice; but a short time proved to which of these motives it was to be assigned. At that time the barons,not only those abroad, were preparing to try to compel King John to keep his promises in the matter of the proposed statutes, and several conspiracies to thisend were discovered, wherein Robert fitz Walter was materially concerned. Onthe discovery of his "treasonable practices", fitz Walter, with his wife and children, sought asylum in France; but in the following year, 1213, his friends persuaded him to return home, and with the other barons, he was reconciled to King John. But this friendship was only of short duration, for shortly it was discovered that he was still plotting against the king in the interests of reformin the government, so his residence in London, the Castleif Baynard, was in consequence, almost entirely destroyed, and the hatred between John and Fitzwalter was violent in the greatest degree. Tradition has assigned a disgraceful acton the part of the King as the principal cause of this, which was no less thanan attempt to procure Fitzwalter's daughter, Maud for one of his concubines.But whether this is the truth or not, Fitzwalter's opposition seemed to be dominated by the desire for the Magna Charta, and his feelings and conduct were engulfed in the agitated sea of history which opened up this period. To endeaverto win him over to his side, King John pretended to admire Fitzwalter's skill,prowess, and valor in a tournament, which took place in Normandy and France, and making this an excuse, restored to him the whole of his forfeited estates andpermitted him to repair his destroyed fortresses, and constituted him governorof Hertford Castle 1214-15. But Fitzwalter's heart was still in the cause ofthe barons, and he was soon again in open opposition to the king. His lands were seized, which course effectually secured him to the discontented barons andthe people. The active spirit of Fitzwalter made him a desirable leader to their party, andhe was selected as one of the commissioners to treat of a composureof differences at a meeting at Erith Church. After the granting of the MagnaCharta, when King John endeavored to elude his promises, Fitzwalter was one ofthe committee ofthe baronial party which went to France to invite the Dauphin to accept the throne of England, and on this prince's coming he, ithe William deMandeville and William de Huntingfield, the Sureties, reduced the counties ofEssex and Suffolk to the authority of the Dauphin. With the accession of HenryIII, Fitzwalter, again up in arms, would not yield the castle of Mountworrel, in Leicestershire. When William Marshall, the protector, proceeded with a partof the royal army to besiege it, Saire de Quincey, with his fellow barons, raised an army of 20,000, with Fitzwalter as one of h
  
  === Leader of the Barons who Revolted agains ===
  Leader of the Barons who Revolted against King John in 1215 and obtained the Magna Charta
  
  === e was Leader of the Barons. ===
  e was Leader of the Barons.
  
  === M E Sorley: The Sorley Pedigrees P. 28 ===
  M E Sorley: The Sorley Pedigrees P. 28
  
  === !SOURCES: Magna Charta; by Wurts, Vol. ===
  !SOURCES: Magna Charta; by Wurts, Vol. 8 pgs. 2100, 2140, 2550, 2561 & 2793 Ped. P.; pg. 427 The Surety; pg. 76 NOTES: 27th Descent from Pharamond

1. Walter FitzRobert Baron of Little Dunmow, b. ABT 1219 in Woodham Walter, Essex, England     d. BEF 10 APR 1258 in Woodham Walter, Essex, England

• m. 1180 in Little Dunmow, Essex, England

1. Christine FitzRobert Countess Of Essex, b. ABT 1182 in Little Dunmow, Essex, England     d. ABT 17 JUN 1232 in Essex, England

1. Title: Book - Magna Charta Ancestry
   
2. Title: British History Online
   
3. Title: Robert FitzWalter's Death
   Author: Robert_Fitz_Walter
   Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org;
   Note: This source provides much information about Robert FitzWalter.
   
4. Title: Book - Magna Charta Barons
   
5. Title: Robert Fitzwalter
   Author: Military wikia
   Publication: Name: https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Robert_Fitzwalter;
   Note: Family, career, 1212 conspiracy, Magna Carta revolt, First Barons' War, Later life, Legacy
   Page: This source provides information about the life of Robert Fitzwalter
   
6. Title: Magna Carta Ancestry of Freville and allied families
   Author: Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families by Douglas Richardson. Genealogical Publishing Co. Inc. 2005. ISBN 0-8063-1759-0
   Page: pp 356 FREVILLE record 1. Robert Fitz Walter married Rohese
   
7. Title: Appendix I of "Ancestors and Descendants of John Price: Immigrant to Virginia: 1610-11"
   Note: Although the book is compiled by Vina Chandler Price, Appendix I was included at the request of Mrs. Margaret Scruggs Carruth, and was researched by Miss Kett and by Mr. H. E. Forrest (after the death of Miss Kett, which took before 1930). Both Miss Kett and Mr. Forrest were reputed to be professional genealogists. Mr Forrest is also referred to as the "Antiquarian Editor" of the Shrewsbury Chronicle I looked H. E. Forrest online and found that he is also the editor of the following books: --"Shrewsbury Burgess Roll", published in 1924 by the Shrewsbury and Shropshire Archaeological and Parish Register Society --"The old Churches of Shrewsbury: Their History, Architecture and Associations", published in 1920 by Shrewsbury, Wilding & Son --"Some Old Shropshire Houses and their Owners: Braggington (with a plate), Dinthill, Whitley, & Play-Y-Court", published in 1915 by Shropshire Archaeological & Natural History Society. Margaret Scruggs Carruth is a charter member of "Daughters of the Barons of Runnemede". She served as Registrar when it was first organized, and is listed as member #22. To be eligible for membership, a person must descend from one or more of the Barons of Runnemede. The Barons forced King John to agree to the Magna Carta, a charter constituting a fundamental guarantee of rights and privileges. Mrs. Scruggs claims eligibility for membership through John Price who supposedly descended from eleven of the Barons. Appendix I provides two different lineages. One is from Robert Fitzwalter (who was one of the Barons of Runnemede) to John Price (born 1584-5), and the titular character of this book. The 2nd is from Elystan Glodrydd app Cyhelin ap Ifor (933-1010) (who was Prince of Ferlllys and founder of the Fourth Royal Tribe of Wales) back to the same John Price.
   Page: Robert Fitzwalter (1st Gen, pp. 514-515) is identified as: the husband of Gunora de la Valoines (daughter of Robert (2nd lord de Valoines) and Resia (daughter of William, a Crusader); and the father of Sir Walter Fitzwalter (2nd Gen, pg. 515)
   
8. Title: Online - FitzWalter
   
9. Title: Book - Lincolnshire
   
10. Title: Robert Fitzwalter, "Find A Grave Index"
    Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVKR-JVXS : 11 January 2022), Robert Fitzwalter, ; Burial, Little Dunmow, Uttlesford District, Essex, England, St Mary Churchyard; citing record ID 57458285, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVKR-JVXS;
    Page: Ancestry