Owain ap Fawr Gwynedd

• Preferred Name: Owain ap Fawr Gwynedd^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39] [40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] [48] [49]}
  
• Gender: M
  
• Burial: DEC 1170 in Bangor, Cardiganshire, Wales at LATI: N2.0415 LONG: E4.3489 with note: He is buried at Bangor Cathedral. Bangor, Cardigan, Wales
  
• Nickname:
  
• Fact: BEF 1125 with note: Description: 1st Marriage to Gwladys (Gladys) ferch Llywarch
  
• Alt+Death: 28 NOV 1170 in Caernarvon Castle, Caernarvonshire, Wales at LATI: N3.1333 LONG: E4.2667
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: King of Gwynedd, North WalesBET 1137 AND 1170 in Gwynedd, Wales at LATI: N2.9553 LONG: E4.0594 with note:
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Prince of Wales
  
• Alt.+Death: NOV 1169 with note: Medieval Lands.
  
• Birth: 13 SEP 1087 in Aberffraw Castle, Anglesey, Wales at LATI: N3.1919 LONG: E4.4644
  
• Alt. Death: DEC 1169
  
• 2nd Marriage to: 1135 in Gwynedd, Wales at LATI: N2.9553 LONG: E4.0594 with note: Description: Cristin verch Gronwy 1135 Age 30 Marriage of Cristin verch Gronwy to Owain Gwynedd ap... Arwystli, Montgomeryshire, Wales Per Geni.com
  
• Alt.+Birth: ABT 1100 in Aberffraw Castle, Anglesey, Wales at LATI: N3.1919 LONG: E4.4644
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Prince of Powys Uchaf in Powys, Wales at LATI: N2.3336 LONG: E3.3823
  
• Occupation: Prince of North Wales
  
• Alt. Birth: 1100 in Nant Gwynant, Caernarfon, Gwynedd, Wales
  
• Clan Name: with note: Description: House of Aberffraw - a cadet branch of the Kingdom of Gwynedd
  
• Death: 28 NOV 1170 in Bangor, Caernarfonshire, Wales at LATI: N3.2274 LONG: E4.1293
  
• FSID: 94L5-FXD
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  He became known as Owain Gwynedd (Middle Welsh: Owain Gwyned, "Owain of Gwynedd") to distinguish him from the contemporary king of southern Powys, Owain ap Gruffydd ap Maredudd, who became known as "Owain Cyfeiliog".
  Per Wikipedia.org
  
  Owain ap Gruffudd (c. 1100 – 23 or 28 November 1170) was King of Gwynedd, north Wales, from 1137 until his death in 1170. Considered to be the most successful of all the North Welsh princes.
  
  Known as Owain Gwynedd (Middle Welsh: Owain Gwyned, "Owain of Gwynedd") to distinguish him from the contemporary king of southern Powys, Owain ap Gruffydd ap Maredudd, who became known as "Owain Cyfeiliog".[3] He was also put under pressure by the Archbishop and the Pope to put aside his second wife, Cristin, who was his first cousin, this relationship making the marriage invalid under church law. Owain died in 1169, and despite having been excommunicated was buried in Bangor Cathedral by the local clergy. Had a number of illegitimate sons, who by Welsh law had an equal claim on the inheritance if acknowledged by their father. The following children from two wives and at least four mistresses:
  
  1. Rhun ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate in Catholic custom, but legitimate successor in Welsh law)
  2. Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate in Catholic custom, but legitimate successor in Welsh law)
  3. Iorwerth ab Owain Gwynedd (the "flat nose", also called Edward in some sources, from first wife Gwladys (Gladys) ferch Llywarch)
  4. Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd,(from first wife Gwladys (Gladys) ferch Llywarch) Lord of Môn (1169–1173)
  5. Gwenllian ferch Owain Gwynedd
  
  6. Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd (from second wife Cristina (Christina) ferch Gronw)
  7. Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd, Lord of Môn (1175–1193) (from second wife Cristina (Christina) ferch Gronw)
  8. Angharad ferch Owain Gwynedd
  9. Margaret ferch Owain Gwynedd
  10. Iefan ab Owain Gwynedd
  
  11. Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd, Lord of Meirionnydd (illegitimate)
  12. Rhirid ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  13. Madoc ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate) (speculative/legendary)
  Cynwrig ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Gwenllian II ferch Owain Gwynedd (also shared the same name with a sister)
  Einion ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Iago ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Ffilip ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Cadell ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Rotpert ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Idwal ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  
  Other daughters
  Lloyd, John Edward (2004). A History of Wales: From the Norman Invasion to the Edwardian Conquest. Banes & Noble. ISBN 978-0-7607-5241-8; posted by Wikipedia.org
  
  ---------------------------------
  
  Issue
  Owain was married twice, his first wife Gwladys ferch Llywarch ap Trahaearn, was the mother of two of his sons, Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd and Iorwerth Drwyndwn, the father of Llywelyn the Great, by Christina, his second wife he had three sons including Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd and Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd. He also had a number of illegitimate sons, who by Welsh law had an equal claim on the inheritance if acknowledged by their father. Thus feuding did not end until his grandson Llywelyn ab Iorwerth (Llywelyn the Great), became prince of Gwynedd.[4]
  
  Children of Owain and his wife Gwladus
  Children of Owain ap Gruffyd, King of Gwynedd and Gwladus ferch Llywarch[9]
  
  Iorwerth (Gwynedd) of Gwynedd Iorwerth ap Owain. Iorwerth Drwyndwn ab Owain Gwyneedd, m. Margred ferch Madog. [1]
  Maelgwyn ab (Owain) Owain Gwynedd Maelgwn, living 1173-1174, driven out of Anglesey to Ireland by Dafydd in 1173.[1]
  Gwenllian (Gwynedd) ferch Owain Gwenllian Gwynedd[9] Gwenllian I, m. Owain Cyfeiliog ap Gruffudd ap Maredudd ap Bleddyn ap Cynfyn. [1]
  Children of Owain and Cristen
  Children of Owain ap Gruffyd, King of Gwynedd and Cristin ferch Goronwy
  
  Dafydd (Owain) ab Owain Gwynedd Dafydd ap Owain, Prince of East Gwynnedd d. 1203. King of Gwynedd, flourished 1157, d. 1203; listed by Dictionary of National Biography but not by Bartrum. m. Emma, half-sister of King Henry II of England and base daughter of Geoffrey V. Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, son of Fulk V, Count of Anjoy and King of Jerusalem 1131, bur. in Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, and his first wife Erembourg of Maine; their daughter Gwennlian m. Gruffudd ap Cadwgon ap Bleddyn ap Cynfyn. [1]
  Cadwallon (not listed here by Dictionary of National Biography. [1] )
  Angharad (Owain) ferch Owain ap Gwynedd or Angharad (Gwynedd) ferch Owain Angharad Gwynedd[9] Angharad, m. Gruffudd Maelor ap Madog ap Maredudd ap Bleddyn ap Cynfyn. But DNB states she m. Morgan ap Seisyll. [1]
  Rhodri ab (Owain) Owain Gwynedd Rhodi ap Owain b. c 1135, d. 1195[5] m. 1188 (1) Gwenllian ferch Yr Arglwydd Rhys, m. (2) 1193 daughter of Reginald, King of Man.
  Other Children with Identification of mother
  Hywel ab (Owain) Owain Gwynedd Oldest son of Owain by Flynned Wyddeles, called Pyvog. [1]Hywel ap Owain, King of Gwynedd1 d. 1170[5]
  Llywelyn, by Gwenllian ferch Ednywain, d. 1165[1]
  Maredudd Ddu, by Morfudd ferch Merwydd Hir.[1]
  Idwal ab (Owain) Owain Gwynedd , by Afandreg ferch Gwrgi of Penmynydd. Said to have been murdered by Dunod, son of Nefydd HGardd, foster father of Idwal.[1]
  Rhun (Owain) ab Owain Gwynedd , by Amedd feerch Gwrgi of Penmynydd. d. 1147.[1]
  Iago ab (Owain) Owain Gwynedd by Morfudd ferch Elfan ap Sandde.[1]
  Ffilip ab (Owain) Owain Gwynedd by Morfudd ferch Elfan ap Sandde.[1]
  Cadell (Owain) ab Owain Gwynedd, mother unknown[1]
  Cynwrig ab (Owain) Owain Gwynedd, Cynwrig I, d. 1139. mother unknown [1]
  Cynwrig II, d. 1165, when blinded by Henry II of England. mother unknown.[1]
  Madoc ab (Owain) Owain Gwynedd. Given credit in Welsh legend for the discovery of America, but his existence is not proven. [1]
  Einion (Owain) ab Owain Gwynedd[1]
  Cynan ab (Owain) Owain Gwynedd Cynan Gwynedd d. 1173[9]m. Angharad ferch Genillin Farchog. Resisted Henry II in 1157, from 1170 probably held Eifionydd, Ardudwy and Meirionydd. [1]
  Gwenllian II, m. Hwfa ap Cynwrig; perhaps m. (2) Cadwgon of Nannau ap Madog ap Cadwgon ap Bleddyn ap Cynfyn[1]
  Rhidrid ab (Owain) Owain Gwynedd m. daughter of Iarli Desmond[1]
  Morgan, killed in 1158; not mentioned in Bartrum[1]
  daughter, betrothed to causin Anarawd ap Rhys ap Gruffudd.[1]
  
  Other Children Connected
  These children are not listed in Boyer should be considered disputed until some source is found linking them to Owain ap Gruffud.[1]
  
  Rotpert ab (Owain) Owain Gwynedd
  Iefan (Owain) ab Owain Gwynedd
  Margaret ferch (Owain) Owain Gwynedd
  
  Sources
  1. Carl Boyer, Medieval Welsh Ancestors of Certain Americans. By the author, Santa Clarita, California, 2004. Owain Gwynedd is #4 on page 292.
  2. Cawley, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy Medlands Wales Accessed Jan 23, 2016
  3. 'The Peerage for Owain ap Gruffyd, King of Gwynedd
  4. Owain Gwynedd, The Native Princes of Wales. The Native Princes of Wales; Copyright © 2004 - 2005 www.englishmonarchs.co.uk
  5. Wikipedia. Owain ap Gruffydd ("Owain son of Gruffydd) Accessed Jan 23, 2016
  6. Stewart Baldwin. GEN-MEDIEVAL/soc.genealogy.medieval' Llywelyn ap Iorwerth Ancestry Table. Owain Gwynedd is in Generation 3, #4. Accessed 1/16/2019 jhd
  7. Owain Gwynedd (1100-1170) Find-a-Grave, Find A Grave: [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/61943382 Memorial #61943382
  8. Wikipedia: Bangor Cathedral
  9. Charles Mosley, editor. Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes. Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003. Volume 3, page 4188.
  
  from https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Ap_Gruffydd-45
  ---------------------------------
  
  Owain ap Gruffudd (c.?1100-23 or 28 November 1170)
  Owain ap Gruffudd (c.?1100-23 or 28 November 1170) was King of Gwynedd, North Wales, from 1137 until his death in 1170, succeeding his father Gruffudd ap Cynan. He was called "Owain the Great" (Welsh:
  
  From Wikipedia. EARLY YEARS
  Owain Gwynedd was a member of the House of Aberffraw, the senior branch of the dynasty of Rhodri the Great. His father, Gruffudd ap Cynan, was a strong and long-lived ruler who had made the principali
  
  Wikipedia Ascension to the Throne and Early Campaigns
  On behalf of his father, Gruffydd ap Cynan, Gwynedd directed military operations to the "cantrefs of Meirionydd, Rhos, Rhufoniog, and Dyffryn Clwyd to Gwynedd proper", and it was against the Normans,
  
  Wikipedia War with King Henry II
  All went well until the accession of King Henry II of England in 1154. Henry invaded Gwynedd in 1157 with the support of Madog ap Maredudd of Powys and Owain's brother Cadwaladr.[5] The invasion met w
  
  Wikipedia Disputes with the church
  The last years of Owain's life were spent in disputes with the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Becket, over the appointment of a new Bishop of Bangor. When the see became vacant Owain had his nominee
  
  Wikipedia. HEIRS AND SUCCESSORS
  Gwynedd was married, firstly to Gwladus daughter of Llywarch ap Trahaearn, and then his cousin Cristin verch Goronwy.[4][11] Owain had originally designated Rhun ab Owain Gwynedd as his successor. Rhu
  
  === My 23rd ===
  Great Grandfather
  
  === EXCOMMUNICATED BY BECKETT FOR MARRYING ===
  EXCOMMUNICATED BY BECKETT FOR MARRYING FIRST COUSIN. NO BISHOP OF BANGOR TO CARRY THIS OUT. PRINCE OF WALES. TWO SONS. BOTH ILLEGITIMATE, BOTH NAMED CYNWRIG, WERE TAKEN HOSTAGE BY HENRY II AND, SUBEQUENTLY BLINDED. APRIL 95, DEAN SAID TOMB PROB. NOT O.G. Non-standard gedcom data: 1 RUN1 @N23@
  
  === !BIRTH: Ancestral File gives Incomplete ===
  !BIRTH: Ancestral File gives Incomplete date and location of "Abt 1087 ,,C,Wales". Royals pedigree shows Same date as Ancestral File, but location Gwynnedd,,Wales
  
  === The last great king of North Wales, who ===
  The last great king of North Wales, who helped advanceWelchindependanceagainst Norman and E nglish dominance. Togetherwith his brotherCadwaladr, Owain led 3 expeditions1136-37agains t the English ofCeredigion to the south . Thebrothersravaged the region and establishedthe mselves thereupon hisfathers death in 1137. Owain took the throne ofNorthWalesHenry II wh o took the English throne in 1154 challengedOwainin1157. Both sides faired badly and an agr eement wasreachedwhereby Owainwithdrew to Rhuddlan and River Clwyd andrenderedhomage. He k ept up hisagreement until 1165, when hecombinedforces with Rhys Ap Gruffydd, hisnephew, th e Prince ofSouthWales, against Henry. Owain once againregained the CastleofBusingwerk an d Rhuddlan and pushed the border ofGwynedd totheestuary of the Dee River, He maintaned Nort hWelchindependencethoughout his lifetime but succeeding generationswereunequalto the task . Owain Gwynedd fell into a deep melancholy when his mother diedin 1162.
  
  === King of Gwynedd 1137-69 Lord of Tegeingl ===
  King of Gwynedd 1137-69 Lord of Tegeingl \ Prince of Gwynedd Davies 1987; Walker 1990 The death of Henry I in 1135 was the signal for more vigorous and more hostile policies by the Welsh, though firm action by Stephen (the king who succeeded Henry) and the marcher lords held the promise of successful defence. Henry II succeeded Stephen in December 1154, determined to restore authority to the kingdom and to repair the damage caused by civil strife and the lack of a strong central administration. By 1157 he was ready to turn his attention to Wales. Two princes carried Wales through these difficult years, Owain Gwynedd in the north and Rhys ap Gruffydd in south Wales. Both were aware of the complex problems to be faced: to deal with rival Welsh dynasties, to deal with marcher lords, and to live in the shadow of a rich and powerful neighbor. Owain gauged the political realities of the day quickly and, however often he had to yield, he did not lose the initiative. Owain Gwynedd, Prince of Gwynedd 1137-70, was born circa 1109. In 1137 he succeeded his father Gruffydd ap Cynan (1081-1137) to the kingdom of Gwynedd, which covered most of north Wales. While England was engaged in civil war, Owain used his skill as statesman and soldier to extend his frontiers. In 1157 Henry II led his first campaign against Owain, but it ended in a truce. He was required to do homage to Henry but it was not long before Owain was acting with complete independence. When Madog ap Maredudd died in 1160, he attacked Powys and extended his influence to the east. Six years later, the Council of Woodstock attempted to reduce the Welsh princes from client status to that of dependent vassalage, and the subsequent uprising was led by Owain and Rhys ap Gruffydd of south Wales. Henry's second attempt at subduing Wales failed ignominiously and left Owain free to capture Basingwerk and Rhuddlan castles (1166-67). In 1168 he set foot on negotiations with Louis VII of France to build an alliance between Gwyn edd and France against their common enemy. It was a course which required great finesse and firm judgement. In one direction it pointed to a policy which would be used to good effect by later rulers of Gwynedd, the search for recognition and an alliance in Europe. Having openly defied Henry in 1168 by offering to help Louis, Owain maintained his independent position until his death. He left behind him a reputation of wisdom and magnanimity. The reign of Owain Gwynedd marks the most peaceful period of Welsh independence, when the native princes absorbed many of the current European reforming ideas and adapted the more effective structures of both church and state to their own society. Monastic foundations were encouraged, diocesan boundaries defined, and many stone churches built. Motte-and-bailey earthwork castles identical to those built earlier by the Norman invaders were now erected by the princes as the centers of many of their personal estates. Two of Owain's sons are credited with building the first stone castles in Gwynedd towards the end of the 12th century. The tragedy, recurrent in Welsh history, was that Owain was not followed immediately by a strong ruler. Upon his death in 1170, open warfare broke out between his sons: Dafydd and Rhodri killed their elder half-brother, Hywel, and for the next 20 years Gwynedd was divided between them and their kinsmen. Gwynedd and Wales would not see another strong leader until Llywelyn the Great extended his control over most of Wales in the later part of the century. Upon Owain's death his lands were divided between his sons, of whom Maelgwyn inherited Anglesey. Civil War broke out from 1170-74, from which emerged two victors who eventually divided the kingdom between them. Another son, Cynan, succeeded in retaining his land at Merioneth and briefly re-establishing a ruling dynasty there. Occupation: Prince of Wales Acceded: 1137 ALIA: Owain Gwynedd ap /Gruffydd/, Prince of Gwynedd Title: Lord of Tegeingl Birth: ABT. 1100 Death: 1169 Burial: UNKNOWN Bangor Event: Acceded 1137 King of Gwynedd 1137-1169 Event: Reigned BET. 1137 - 1170 Event: Personal Note Name: Owain (Owen) Gwinedh ap Griffith Father: Gruffydd ap Cynan b: 1054 in Dublin, Ireland Mother: Angharad ferch Owain Marriage 1 Gwladys ferch Llywarch Children Iorwerth Drwyndwn ap Owen (Owain) Gwinedh Maelgwn ap Owain Gwynedd Gwenllian ferch Owen (Owain) Gwynedd Marriage 2 Christiana ferch Goronwy Children Cynan Ardudwy ap Owain Gwynedd Rhodri ap Owain Gwynedd Angharad ferch Owain Gwynedd Rhun ap Owain Gwynedd Hywel ap Owain Gwynedd Rhirid ap Owain Gwynedd Madog ap Owain Gwynedd Einion ap Owain Gwynedd Cynwrig I ap Owain Gwynedd Cynwrig II ap Owain Gwynedd Cadell ap Owain Gwynedd Gwenllian II ferch Owain Gwynedd Owain Cyfeiliog ap Owain Gwynedd b: ABT. 1130 Dafydd ap Owain Gwynedd b: ABT. 1135 Marriage 3 Mofudd ferch Elfan Children Iago ap Owain Gwynedd Philip ap Owain Gwynedd Sources: Title: Lineal Descent of the Wynn Family of Gwydir from Gruffudd ap Cynan Appendices Pg 203 Table A Title: Jesus College (Oxford) MS. 20, in EWGT, Page: pp 28 Title: Mostyn MS. 117 (last quarter of 13th century), in EWGT, pp.38-39, per Stewart Baldwin Title: "The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens" by Mike Ashley, Carroll & Graf Pub., Inc. New York, 1998 "The Early Welsh Kingdoms Gwynedd" Title: "Pedigrees of Anglesey and Carnarvonshire Families" by John Edwards Griffith, 1914 ed. Repository: Call Number: Media: Book Page: pp 309, 393 Text: Owen Gwynedd, 1st Gwladys, d. of Llowarch ap Trahaiarn ap Caradog, King of North Wales. 2nd Christiana, d. of Goronwy ap Owen ap Edwin, Lord of Englefield Title: Myles Johnson, mylesj@his.com Title: Julie Winn Zapf, jzapf@bellsouth.net Repository: Call Number: Media: Book Title: Weis, F. L. "Ancestral roots of certain American colonists who came to America before 1700", Weis, 1992, seventh edition. Repository: Call Number: Media: Book Text: (176:5), (239:6). Title: " Welsh Genealogies AD 300-1400 & AD 1400-1500" P. C. Bartrun's, 8 vol and 18 vol Repository: Call Number: Media: Book Text: Often referred to as Owain Gwynedd or as Owain Fawr (The Great). In 1136, Owain and his brothers wrested control of Ceridigion from RICHARD DE CLARE (RIN 1079). In 1137, upon the death of his father, he became king of Gwynedd. The years of the Reign of King Stephen in England (1135-1154) were sometimes referred to as "the anarchy". Owain took advantage of these years to greatly expand the kingdom of Gwynedd until it reached almost to the town of Chester. The very capable King HENRY II (RIN 761) ascended the English throne in 1154. This ended the anarchy and HENRY directed many of his vast resources towards subjugating Wales. In 1156, the ruler of Powys, MADOG AP MAREDUDD (RIN 2589), found it necessary to yield to HENRY and in 1157 assisted him in his capmaigns against Owain. This was partly due to the fact that Owain had territorial ambitions in parts of Powys. After the campaign of 1157 Owain also yielded to HENRY, acknowledging him as his soverign. In 1165 Owain succeeded in forming an alliance with the others Welsh rulers, RHYS AP GRUFFUDD (RIN 1881) of Dheubarth and the rulers of Powys. HENRY was, for several years beginning in 1163, hampered greatly in everything he did due to his conflict with Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury. This, along with a victory over HENRY's troops in 1165 in the Berwyn Mountains, allowed the Welsh to regain much of the territory they had lost to the Normans. In 1168 Owain even offered to assist King LOUIS VII (RIN 1530) against Henry - an indication that he aspired to total soverignty for his people. Unfortunately, when Owain died in 1170, a struggle for succession followed. Paul Reed summarized 0wains family as follows: . The sons and grandsons of Owain Gwynedd. . . Owain had matches with at least nine women. Christina/Cristin f. Gronwy was considered a legitimate wife. The following children are given in the _Handbook of British Chron ology_, after which are additional children listed in Bartum's Welsh Genealogies Title: Paul Reed Text: Paul Reed summarized 0wains family as follows: The sons and grandsons of Owain Gwynedd. . . Owain had matches with at least nine women. Christina/Cristin f. Gronwy was considered a legitimate wife. The following children are given in the _Handbook of British Chronology_, after which are additional children listed in Bartum's Welsh Genealogies [Gruffudd ap Cynan, various charts]: (1) Rhun, d. 1146. (2) Hywel, killed 1170 [son by Ffynnod Wyddeles ("an Irish woman"); issue: Caswallon]. (3) Iorwerth Drwyndwn [flatnose], son by the first 'wife' Gwladus f. Llywarch (4) Maelgwn [son by Gwladus], who received Anglesey as his portion. (5) David ap Owain [son by his second wife Christina] eventually won Gwynedd from his other male relatives in 1175, was dispossessed in 1194, and died in exile in 1203. David had married, 1174, Emma, natural daughter of Geoffrey of Anjou. (6) RHODRI ap Owain [son by Christiana], married (1) a daughter of Rhys ap Gruffudd of Deheubarth, and (2) the elder daughter of the King of Man. Rhodri died in 1195. (7) Cynan ap Owain [mother not known], died in 1174. He had sons Gruffudd ap Cynan [d. 1200] and Maredudd [d. 1212]. (a) Angharad [daughter by Cristin], married Gruffudd Maelor. (b) Gwenllian [Gwenllian I, daughter by Gwladus], married Owain Cyneiliog. [other children listed by Bartum, order not known:] (8) Rhirid, married a daughter of Iarll Desmond [Desmond, in Ireland?] (9) Iago [son by Mofudd f. Elfan ap Sandde]. (10) Philip [son by Mofudd f. Elfan ap Sandde]. (11) Madog. (12) Einion. (13) Cynwrig [I]. (14) Cynwrig [II] (15) Cadell. (c) Gwenllian [II]. Sources: Title: Lineal Descent of the Wynn Family of Gwydir from Gruffudd ap Cynan Appendices Pg 203 Table A Title: Jesus College (Oxford) MS. 20, in EWGT, Page: pp 28 Title: Mostyn MS. 117 (last quarter of 13th century), in EWGT, pp.38-39, per Stewart Baldwin Title: "The Mammoth Book of
  
  === Heirs ===
  Owain Gwynedd is said to have had the following children from two wives and at least four mistresses:
  Rhun ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate in Catholic custom, but legitimate successor in Welsh law)
  Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate in Catholic custom, but legitimate successor in Welsh law)
  Iorwerth ab Owain Gwynedd (the "flat nose", also called Edward in some sources, from first wife Gwladys (Gladys) ferch Llywarch)
  Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd,(from first wife Gwladys (Gladys) ferch Llywarch) Lord of Môn (1169–1173)
  Gwenllian ferch Owain Gwynedd
  Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd (from second wife Cristina (Christina) ferch Gronw)
  Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd, Lord of Môn (1175–1193)
  Angharad ferch Owain Gwynedd
  Margaret ferch Owain Gwynedd
  Iefan ab Owain Gwynedd
  Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd, Lord of Meirionnydd (illegitimate)
  Rhirid ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Madoc ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate) (speculative/legendary)
  Cynwrig ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Gwenllian II ferch Owain Gwynedd (also shared the same name with a sister)
  Einion ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Iago ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Ffilip ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Cadell ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Rotpert ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Idwal ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Other daughters--Per Wikipedia.org
  
  === Gruffydd Cynan his father ===
  Gruffydd Cynan*c1055 - c1137
  Angharad Owainc1082 - 1162
  Gwenllian Ednywainc1089
  Gwladys Llywarchc1098
  Cristin Gronwyc1105
  Cadwallader Caerdigan - 1172
  Rhanullt Gruffuddc1083
  Gwenllion Gruffyddc1085
  Susanna Grufydd1095
  Margaret Gruffuddc1096
  Owain Gruffydd*c1100 - 1171
  Gwenllian Owainc1125
  Gwenllian Gwyneddc1130
  Iorwerth Owain1145 - 1174
  Angharad Gwyneddc1155
  Rhodri Owain1136 - 1195
  
  Owain Gruffydd*
  
  “The reign of Owain Gwynedd marks the most peaceful period of Welsh independence, when the native princes absorbed many of the current European reforming ideas and adapted the more effective structures of both church and state to their own society. Monastic foundations were encouraged, diocesan boundaries defined, and many stone churches built. Motte-and-bailey earthwork castles identical to those built earlier by the Norman invaders were now erected by the princes as the centers of many of their personal estates. Two of Owain's sons are credited with building the first stone castles in Gwynedd towards the end of the 12th century. The tragedy, recurrent in Welsh history, was that Owain was not followed immediately by a strong ruler. Upon his death in 1170, open warfare broke out between his sons: Dafydd and Rhodri killed their elder half-brother, Hywel, and for the next 20 years Gwynedd was divided between them and their kinsmen. Gwynedd and Wales would not see another strong leader until Llywelyn the Great extended his control over most of Wales in the later part of the century.'' The Forgotten Monarchy of Scotland... 431
  
  === Second son of Gruffydd ap Cynan (d. 113 ===
  Second son of Gruffydd ap Cynan (d. 1137), king of Gwynedd, Owain helped his fater extend Gwynedd's power. As king (1137), he consolidated his hold on Church and State in Nort Wales and exploited Enlish dissensions to advant into Ceredigion; he even had authority later as far east as the Dee (1165). His only major reverse was at Henry II's hands (1157), after which Owain acknowledged English overlordship over Gwynedd. Ambitious, far-sighted yet prudent, Owain was much lauded by contemporary poets as the pre-eminent ruler of Wales. After his death (and burial in Bangor Cathedral), his sons quarrelled over the inheritance; David (d. 1203) had dominion in Gwynedd in the 1170s and married Henry II's half-sister. ("The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy", Cannon, John and Ralph Griffiths, Oxford Univ Press: 1988, p 142)
  
  === Owain Gwynedd or Owain ap Gruffydd (d 11 ===
  Owain Gwynedd or Owain ap Gruffydd (d 1169), king of Gwynedd, or North Wales, was the eldest son of Gruffydd ap Cynan, king of Gwynedd, and his wife Angharad (d 1162), daughter of Owain ap Edwin. In 1121 he was sent by his father with a large array against Meiricnydd. HIs brother Cadwaladr accompanied him on this expedition. They succeeded in tranplanting many of the men of Meirionydd with their property in Lleyn. In 1136 a similar predatory expedition against Ceredigion was also conducted by the two brothers, in the course of which Aberystwith Castle was burnt. At the end of the year the brothers led a second invasion of Ceredigion, and won a victory over 'the French and Flemings' at Aberteivi (Cardigan), whereupon they returned with great spoil and many prisoners to Gwynedd. In 1137 the death of Gruffydd ap Cynan gave Owain the succession to the throne of North Wales. He immediately led a third expedition to Ceredigion and, marching through the land until he reached the shors of the Bristol Channel, burnt Ystradmeurig, Llanstephen, and even Carmarthen itself. But he soon sought to make peace with his South Welsh rivals, and promised to give his daughter in marriage to his nephew Anarawd, son of Gruffyd ap Rhys (d 1127), the late prince of South Wales. But Cadwaladr, who had for his portion the former conquests made by him and Owain in Ceredigion, resented this alliance, kiled Anarawd in 1148, and carried off his niece. Owain now sent his son Howel to take possession of Cadwaladr's lands. In 1114 Caswaladr, who had fled to Ireland, appeared off the Menai Straits with a fleet of Irish Danes. But Owain prudently reconeiled himself with Cadwaladr, whereupoon the pirates blinded their treacherous ally. Owain fell upon the Danes, and drove them back to Dublin. But in 1145 Owain's sons were again attacking Cadwaladr, until he was forced to take refuge with the English.
  
  The confusion which prevailed in England under the reign of Stephen gave Owain Gwynedd an unequalled opportunity for the extension and consolidation of his power. Despite his constant struggles with his kinsmen, Owain seldom lost sight of this object and teh prowess of his sons, Howel and Cynan ably seconded his efforts. In 1147 Owain lost his favourite son Rhun; but the 'insufferable sorrow' into which this calamity threw him was soon 'turned to sudden joy' by the news of the capture of Gwyddgrug (Mold). 'And when Owain our prince heard of this, he became relieved of all pain and from every sorrowing thought, and recovered his accustomed energy.' In 1148 Owain built a castle in Yale, very near the English border. Bouth Fandulf, earl of Chester, and Madog ap Maredudd, prince of Powys, resented this, and in 1149 Madog joined with the earl to attack Owain, but was signally defeated at Counsillt. But Owain's power was still diminished by family feuds. In 1149 he was forced to imprison his son Cynan. In 1151 he drove his brother Cadwaladr from his refuge in Anglesea, and blinded and mutilated his brother Cadwallon, and his nephew, Cadwallon's son, Cunedda. Such vigorous and bloodthirsty measures secured his nold more firmly over Gwynedd. In 1155 he was able to lead an expedition against Ceredigion.
  
  Henry II had now succeeded to the English throne, and put down the anarchy of the last reign. Cadwaladr and Madog urged him on to resist the successful aggressions of Owain Gwynedd, and in July 1157 there took place Henry's first expedition against North Wales. While the English army encamped on the frontier of Cheshire, Owain and his sons took pu their positon at Basingwerk, which they fortified with entrenchments. The darkwood of Cennadlog separated the two armies. Henry sent part of his army by the coast, while the rest threaded the dense forest. But the sons of Owain attacked the English amidst the wood with such success that Henry of Essex, the constable, dropped the king's standard and fled in despair. The king, however, rallied his troops, and successfully pushed through the wood; whereupoon Owain fled from Basingwerk to a place called Cil Owain, while Henry II occpied Rhuddlan, and sent the fleet to land the second army in Anglesea. The English suffered severely, but Owain was in great danger of being crushed between the fleet and the army. Neither party was in a condition to push matters to extemities, so that peace was easily patched up. Owain performed homage to Henry as his liege lord, surrendered hostages as a pledge of his future loyalty, and restored Cadwaladr, Henry's ally, to his former territory. The English boasted that the Welsh were subdued to the English king's will, bur Henry's expedition was no very brilliant success, and Owain's power was as strong as ever, as soon as the English host had recrossed the Dee.
  
  In 1159 Owain's son Morgan was slain by craft; but the next few years were a period of comparative peace, as his nephew Rhys ab Gruffydd, commonly called the Lord Rhys, prince of South Wales, now attracted most of the English atention through his vigorous resistance to the marchers in South Wales. Owain himself seems to have been on the side of the French against his South Welsh rival, and his brother Cadwaladr and his sons Howel and Cynan actually fought with the Earls of Chester and Clare against the Lord Rhys, while Owain haded over a Welsh prisoner to the marchers. In 1162 Owain was engaged in war with Howel ap Iemacv, lord of Arwystili, who got possession of the castle of Talawern in Cyveiliog through treachery. But Owain invaded Arwystli, and his 'insupportable sorrow' for the loss of the castle was changed to 'sudden joy' when his army almost annihilated the forces of his rival and went home with a vast booty. In 1163 he had the satisfaction of seeing Henry direct his second Welsh expedition against Rhys and the South Welsh; but the complete triumph of the invading army seems to have thightened the bonds that bound Owain to his overlord. It was through Owain's intervention that his nephew Rhys was induced to make his submission to Henry II at Pencader. In the summer of 1164 Owain appeared at the council of Woodstock along with his nephew Rhys and some of his chief nobles, where, on 1 July, they all renewed their homage to Henry.
  
  The restless chieftain did not, however, long keep the peace. In 1165 Both Owain and his nephew Rhys of South Wales had renewed their plundering inroads. In this year Owain's on Davydd devasted Englefield, the district between the Clwyd and Chester, and removed the inhabitants into the vale of Clwyd. This action seems to have brought Henry II again to Wales, but he advanced no further than Rhuddlan, where he remained three days (probably in May 1165). In July, hover, the king led a more formidable expedition against South Wales, where Rhys, like Owain, had been devastating the English border. For the first time the rival Welsh chieftains joined together in resisting the English invaders. Owain marched with Cadwaladr at the head of the men of Gwynedd to join Rhys. Even the men of Powys, now led by Owain Cyveiliog, joined in the national resistance. The united host of the three Welsh districts encamped at Corwen to oppose Henry. The king marched through the vale of Ceiriog, where he lost many men in the woods, and at last got entangled amidst the Berwyn mountains. Rain and tempest completed the discomfiture of the English, and, provisions falling short, Henry was forced to return without having encounted the enemy. In his rage Henry ordered the hostages that were still in his hands to be blinded. Among them were Cadwallon and Cynvrig, two of Owain's sons. Another son, named Llywelyn, died during the same year.
  
  The English king's decided repulse gave Owain a stronger position than ever, especially as Henry II now absented himself from England for the next six years, and nothing was done by the central power to check the aggressions of the Welsh chieftains, or their constan wars with the marchers. Owain had waged war against Welsh prince and Norman marcher alike. His destruction of Basingwerk in 1166 was a menace to the Earl of Chester. In alliance with Owain Cyveiliog he drove out Iorwert Goch from Mochnant, upon which the two Owains divided the land between them. But in 1167 the allies quarrelled, and Owain Gwynedd formed a fresh combination with Rhys of South Wales against the lord of Powys. Some sharp fighting ensued. Caereineon was wrested from Owain Cyveiliog and handed over to a vassal prince Owain Vychan. Talawern was conquered and appropriated by the lord Rhys. But Owain Cyveiliog called in the help of the Norman marchers, destroyed Castell Caereineon, which the two Owains had previously erected, and killed all the garrison. The two Owains and Rhys, however, still kept their forces together, and atoned for their check in Caereineon by a destructive inroad against the English castles of Englefield. They burnt the strongholds of Rhuddlan and Prestatyn, and then 'every one returned happy and victorious to his own country. This was almost the last of Owain's warlike exploits.
  
  Owain's declining years were embittered by a long and complicated struggle with the church. He naturally wished to keep his own bishopric of Bangor free from the intrusion of the Norman nominees of the English king, but the struggle for ecclesiastical independence was complicated by the irregular and uncanonical life of the native champion. Owain was, however, a pious man after his fashion; and Giraldus Cambrensis quotes some of his quaint sayings in the matter. Early in his reign Owain had a sharp contest with Maurice or Merig, who was consecrated bishop of Bangor in 1139 in succession to David (d 1139?). Though Maurice had some hesitation in professing canonical obedience to canterbury, and though he was duly elected by 'clergy and people' of Gwynedd, Owain wrote indignantly to Bishop Bernard, the Norman bishop of St David's complaining that Maurice had 'entered the church of St Daniel not at the door, but like a thief,
  
  === !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Editio ===
  !Ancestral Roots by Weis, Seventh Edition lines 239-6, 176-5.
  
  === https://geschichte-der-britischen-monarc ===
  https://geschichte-der-britischen-monarchie.fandom.com/de/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd_ap_Gruffydd
  
  PAF - RIN: 23087.
  
  Owain ap Gruffudd (c. 1100 – 23 or 28 November 1170) was King of Gwynedd, north Wales, from 1137 until his death in 1170. Considered to be the most successful of all the North Welsh princes. Known as Owain Gwynedd (Middle Welsh: Owain Gwyned, "Owain of Gwynedd") to distinguish him from the contemporary king of southern Powys, Owain ap Gruffydd ap Maredudd, who became known as "Owain Cyfeiliog".[3] He was also put under pressure by the Archbishop and the Pope to put aside his second wife, Cristin, who was his first cousin, this relationship making the marriage invalid under church law. Owain died in 1169, and despite having been excommunicated was buried in Bangor Cathedral by the local clergy. Had a number of illegitimate sons, who by Welsh law had an equal claim on the inheritance if acknowledged by their father. The following children from two wives and at least four mistresses:
  Rhun ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate in Catholic custom, but legitimate successor in Welsh law)
  Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate in Catholic custom, but legitimate successor in Welsh law)
  Iorwerth ab Owain Gwynedd (the "flat nose", also called Edward in some sources, from first wife Gwladys (Gladys) ferch Llywarch)
  Maelgwn ab Owain Gwynedd,(from first wife Gwladys (Gladys) ferch Llywarch) Lord of Môn (1169–1173)
  Gwenllian ferch Owain Gwynedd
  Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd (from second wife Cristina (Christina) ferch Gronw)
  Rhodri ab Owain Gwynedd, Lord of Môn (1175–1193) (from second wife Cristina (Christina) ferch Gronw)
  Angharad ferch Owain Gwynedd
  Margaret ferch Owain Gwynedd
  Iefan ab Owain Gwynedd
  Cynan ab Owain Gwynedd, Lord of Meirionnydd (illegitimate)
  Rhirid ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Madoc ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate) (speculative/legendary)
  Cynwrig ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Gwenllian II ferch Owain Gwynedd (also shared the same name with a sister)
  Einion ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Iago ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Ffilip ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Cadell ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Rotpert ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Idwal ab Owain Gwynedd (illegitimate)
  Other daughters
  Lloyd, John Edward (2004). A History of Wales: From the Norman Invasion to the Edwardian Conquest. Banes & Noble. ISBN 978-0-7607-5241-8; posted by Wikipedia.org
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Also Known As - Description: King Owain the Great
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Also Known As - Description: Owain ap Gruffydd Owain I of Gwynedd or Owain I of Wales
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Also Known As - Description: Owain Fawr ap Gruffydd of Gwynedd
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Also Known As - Description: Owain I ap Gruffydd of Gwynedd
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Also Known As - Description: Owain I of Wales
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Also Known As - Description: Owain the Great
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Also Known As - Description: Owain Master of Wales
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Also Known As - Description: Gwynedd Cynan
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Also Known As - Description: Owain ap Gruffudd
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Also Known As - Description: Owain ap Gruffydd Prince of North Wales
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Also Known As - Description: Owain Gwynedd ap Gruffydd Prince of Wales
  
  FamilySearch showed this additional information:
  Nickname - Description: Owain Gwynedd
  
  === My husband’s... ===
  ...12th cousin on paternal side.
  
  === Yielded sovereignty to his nephew Llewe ===
  Yielded sovereignty to his nephew Llewelyn ap Iorworth in 1194. There is disagreement as to who is Dafydd's mother, Christina or Gwladys.
  
  === !Sir Bernard Burke's Dormant & Extinct P ===
  !Sir Bernard Burke's Dormant & Extinct Peerage p.114
  
  === https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Ap_Gruffydd-45 ===
  https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Ap_Gruffydd-45
  
  === BIRTH-MARRIAGE-DEATH:"WELSH GENEALOGIES ===
  BIRTH-MARRIAGE-DEATH:"WELSH GENEALOGIES AD300-1400", by Peter Clement Bartrum, published by The University of Wales Press, 1980. BIRTH:"THE ROYAL LINE OF SUCCESSION WITH GENEALOGICAL TABLES", by Patrick W. Montague-Smith.
  
  === W Betham: Genealogical Tables Tab. 609 ===
  W Betham: Genealogical Tables Tab. 609
  
  === !SOURCE: Ancestral Roots of Certain Ame ===
  !SOURCE: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonist Who Came to America before 1700, by Frederick Lewis Weis, 7th Ed. (1992) 176-5.
  
  === Name Suffix: [PRINCE OF WALES ===
  Name Suffix: [PRINCE OF WALES
  Ancestral File Number: FJGV-6L
  
  === !Weis. 176-5, 239-6. Owain I Gwynedd w ===
  !Weis. 176-5, 239-6. Owain I Gwynedd was Prince of North Wales.
  
  === Occupation: Prince of Wales Acceded: 113 ===
  Occupation: Prince of Wales Acceded: 1137 ALIA: Owain Gwynedd ap /Gruffydd/, Prince of Gwynedd Title: Lord of Tegeingl Birth: ABT. 1100 Death: 1169 Burial: UNKNOWN Bangor Event: Acceded 1137 King of Gwynedd 1137-1169 Event: Reigned BET. 1137 - 1170 Event: Personal Note Name: Owain (Owen) Gwinedh ap Griffith Father: Gruffydd ap Cynan b: 1054 in Dublin, Ireland Mother: Angharad ferch Owain Marriage 1 Gwladys ferch Llywarch Children Iorwerth Drwyndwn ap Owen (Owain) Gwinedh Maelgwn ap Owain Gwynedd Gwenllian ferch Owen (Owain) Gwynedd Marriage 2 Christiana ferch Goronwy Children Cynan Ardudwy ap Owain Gwynedd Rhodri ap Owain Gwynedd Angharad ferch Owain Gwynedd Rhun ap Owain Gwynedd Hywel ap Owain Gwynedd Rhirid ap Owain Gwynedd Madog ap Owain Gwynedd Einion ap Owain Gwynedd Cynwrig I ap Owain Gwynedd Cynwrig II ap Owain Gwynedd Cadell ap Owain Gwynedd Gwenllian II ferch Owain Gwynedd Owain Cyfeiliog ap Owain Gwynedd b: ABT. 1130 Dafydd ap Owain Gwynedd b: ABT. 1135 Marriage 3 Mofudd ferch Elfan Children Iago ap Owain Gwynedd Philip ap Owain Gwynedd Sources: Title: Lineal Descent of the Wynn Family of Gwydir from Gruffudd ap Cynan Appendices Pg 203 Table A Title: Jesus College (Oxford) MS. 20, in EWGT, Page: pp 28 Title: Mostyn MS. 117 (last quarter of 13th century), in EWGT, pp.38-39, per Stewart Baldwin Title: "The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens" by Mike Ashley, Carroll & Graf Pub., Inc. New York, 1998 "The Early Welsh Kingdoms Gwynedd" Title: "Pedigrees of Anglesey and Carnarvonshire Families" by John Edwards Griffith, 1914 ed. Repository: Call Number: Media: Book Page: pp 309, 393 Text: Owen Gwynedd, 1st Gwladys, d. of Llowarch ap Trahaiarn ap Caradog, King of North Wales. 2nd Christiana, d. of Goronwy ap Owen ap Edwin, Lord of Englefield Title: Myles Johnson, mylesj@his.com Title: Julie Winn Zapf, jzapf@bellsouth.net Repository: Call Number: Media: Book Title: Weis, F. L. "Ancestral roots of certain American colonists who came to America before 1700", We is, 1992, seventh edition. Repository: Call Number: Media: Book Text: (176:5), (239:6). Title: " Welsh Genealogies AD 300-1400 & AD 1400-1500" P. C. Bartrun's, 8 vol and 18 vol Repository: Call Number: Media: Book Text: Often referred to as Owain Gwynedd or as Owain Fawr (The Great). In 1136, Owain and his brothers wrested control of Ceridigion from RICHARD DE CLARE (RIN 1079). In 1137, upon the death of his father, he became king of Gwynedd. The years of the Reign of King Stephen in England (1135-1154) were sometimes referred to as "the anarchy". Owain took advantage of these years to greatly expand the kingdom of Gwynedd until it reached almost to the town of Chester. The very capable King HENRY II (RIN 761) ascended the English throne in 1154. This ended the anarchy and HENRY directed many of his vast resources towards subjugating Wales. In 1156, the ruler of Powys, MADOG AP MAREDUDD (RIN 2589), found it necessary to yield to HENRY and in 1157 assisted him in his capmaigns against Owain. This was partly due to the fact that Owain had territorial ambitions in parts of Powys. After the campaign of 1157 Owain also yielded to HENRY, acknowledging him as his soverign. In 1165 Owain succeeded in forming an alliance with the others Welsh rulers, RHYS AP GRUFFUDD (RIN 1881) of Dheubarth and the rulers of Powys. HENRY was, for several years beginning in 1163, hampered greatly in everything he did due to his conflict with Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury. This, along with a victory over HENRY's troops in 1165 in the Berwyn Mountains, allowed the Welsh to regain much of the territory they had lost to the Normans. In 1168 Owain even offered to assist King LOUIS VII (RIN 1530) against Henry - an indication that he aspired to total soverignty for his people. Unfortunately, when Owain died in 1170, a struggle for succession followed. Paul Reed summarized 0wains family as follows: . The sons and grandsons of Owain Gwynedd. . . Owain had matches with at least nine wome n. Christina/Cristin f. Gronwy was considered a legitimate wife. The following children are given in the _Handbook of British Chronology_, after which are additional children listed in Bartum's Welsh Genealogies Title: Paul Reed Text: Paul Reed summarized 0wains family as follows: The sons and grandsons of Owain Gwynedd. . . Owain had matches with at least nine women. Christina/Cristin f. Gronwy was considered a legitimate wife. The following children are given in the _Handbook of British Chronology_, after which are additional children listed in Bartum's Welsh Genealogies [Gruffudd ap Cynan, various charts]: (1) Rhun, d. 1146. (2) Hywel, killed 1170 [son by Ffynnod Wyddeles ("an Irish woman"); issue: Caswallon]. (3) Iorwerth Drwyndwn [flatnose], son by the first 'wife' Gwladus f. Llywarch (4) Maelgwn [son by Gwladus], who received Anglesey as his portion. (5) David ap Owain [son by his second wife Christina] eventually won Gwynedd from his other male relatives in 1175, was dispossessed in 1194, and died in exile in 1203. David had married, 1174, Emma, natural daughter of Geoffrey of Anjou. (6) RHODRI ap Owain [son by Christiana], married (1) a daughter of Rhys ap Gruffudd of Deheubarth, and (2) the elder daughter of the King of Man. Rhodri died in 1195. (7) Cynan ap Owain [mother not known], died in 1174. He had sons Gruffudd ap Cynan [d. 1200] and Maredudd [d. 1212]. (a) Angharad [daughter by Cristin], married Gruffudd Maelor. (b) Gwenllian [Gwenllian I, daughter by Gwladus], married Owain Cyneiliog. [other children listed by Bartum, order not known:] (8) Rhirid, married a daughter of Iarll Desmond [Desmond, in Ireland?] (9) Iago [son by Mofudd f. Elfan ap Sandde]. (10) Philip [son by Mofudd f. Elfan ap Sandde]. (11) Madog. (12) Einion. (13) Cynwrig [I]. (14) Cynwrig [II] (15) Cadell. (c) Gwenllian [II]. Sources: Title: Lineal Descent of the Wynn Family of Gwydir from Gruffudd ap Cynan Appendices Pg 203 Table A Title: Jesus College (Oxford) MS. 20, in EWGT, Page: pp 28 Title: Mostyn MS. 117 (last quarter of 13th century), in EWGT, pp.38-39, per Stewart Baldwin Title: "The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens" by Mike Ashley, Carroll & Graf Pub., Inc. New York, 1998 "The Early Welsh Kingdoms Gwynedd" Title: "Pedigrees of Anglesey and Carnarvonshire Families" by John Edwards Griffith, 1914 ed. Repository: Call Number: Media: Book Page: pp 309, 393 Text: Owen Gwynedd, 1st Gwladys, d. of Llowarch ap Trahaiarn ap Caradog, King of North Wales. 2nd Christiana, d. of Goronwy ap Owen ap Edwin, Lord of Englefield Title: Myles Johnson, mylesj@his.com Title: Julie Winn Zapf, jzapf@bellsouth.net Repository: Call Number: Media: Book Title: Weis, F. L. "Ancestral roots of certain American colonists who came to America before 1700", Weis, 1992, seventh edition. Repository: Call Number: Media: Book Text: (176:5), (239:6). Title: " Welsh Genealogies AD 300-1400 & AD 1400-1500" P. C. Bartrun's, 8 vol and 18 vol Repository: Call Number: Media: Book Text: Often referred to as Owain Gwynedd or as Owain Fawr (The Great). In 1136, Owain and his brothers wrested control of Ceridigion from RICHARD DE CLARE (RIN 1079). In 1137, upon the death of his father, he became king of Gwynedd. The years of the Reign of King Stephen in England (1135-1154) were sometimes referred to as "the anarchy". Owain took advantage of these years to greatly expand the kingdom of Gwynedd until it reached almost to the town of Chester. The very capable King HENRY II (RIN 761) ascended the English throne in 1154. This ended the anarchy and HENRY directed many of his vast resources towards subjugating Wales. In 1156, the ruler of Powys, MADOG AP MAREDUDD (RIN 2589), found it necessary to yield to HENRY and in 1157 assisted him in his capmaigns against Owain. This was partly due to the fact that Owain had territorial ambitions in parts of Powys. After the campaign of 1157 Owain also yielded to HENRY, acknowledging him as his soverign. In 1165 Owain succeeded in forming an al liance with the others Welsh rulers, RHYS AP GRUFFUDD (RIN 1881) of Dheubarth and the rulers of Powys. HENRY was, for several years beginning in 1163, hampered greatly in everything he did due to his conflict with Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury. This, along with a victory over HENRY's troops in 1165 in the Berwyn Mountains, allowed the Welsh to regain much of the territory they had lost to the Normans. In 1168 Owain even offered to assist King LOUIS VII (RIN 1530) against Henry - an indication that he aspired to total soverignty for his people. Unfortunately, when Owain died in 1170, a struggle for succession followed. Paul Reed summarized 0wains family as follows: . The sons and grandsons of Owain Gwynedd. . . Owain had matches with at least nine women. Christina/Cristin f. Gronwy was considered a legitimate wife. The following children are given in the _Handbook of British Chronology_, after which are additional children listed in Bartum's Welsh Genealogies Title: Paul Reed Text: Paul Reed summarized 0wains family as follows: The sons and grandsons of Owain Gwynedd. . . Owain had matches with at least nine women. Christina/Cristin f. Gronwy was considered a legitimate wife. The following children are given in the _Handbook of British Chronology_, after which are additional children listed in Bartum's Welsh Genealogies [Gruffudd ap Cynan, various charts]: (1) Rhun, d. 1146. (2) Hywel, killed 1170 [son by Ffynnod Wyddeles ("an Irish woman"); issue: Caswallon]. (3) Iorwerth Drwyndwn [flatnose], son by the first 'wife' Gwladus f. Llywarch (4) Maelgwn [son by Gwladus], who received Anglesey as his portion. (5) David ap Owain [son by his second wife Christina] eventually won Gwynedd from his other male relatives in 1175, was dispossessed in 1194, and died in exile in 1203. David had married, 1174, Emma, natural daughter of Geoffrey of Anjou. (6) RHODRI ap Owain [son by Christiana], married (1) a daughter of Rhys ap Gruffudd of Deheubarth, and (2) the el
  
  === !SOURCE: "Royal Ancestors," PC #427. ===
  !SOURCE: "Royal Ancestors," PC #427.
  
  === SORLEY'S PEDIGREES (GS NUMBER Q929.242 S ===
  SORLEY'S PEDIGREES (GS NUMBER Q929.242 SO68) P.43;
  
  === !1. Bartrum, 300-1400, pg.443, Gruffudd ===
  !1. Bartrum, 300-1400, pg.443, Gruffudd ap Cynan 1 and 3!2. Bartrum, 300-1400, Gr. ap C.1,3
  
  === AKA-MARRIAGE: Ancestral Roots of Certain ===
  AKA-MARRIAGE: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700; By Frederic Lewis Weis (7th Edition); Genealogical Publishing Co., Baltimore Maryland. Aka: Owain I Gwyned, Prince of North Wales - Line 176-4 Owain I Gwynedd, Prince of North Wales - Line 239-6 Marriage: (1) Gladys - Line 176-4, 239-6 (2) Christina verch Gronw ap Owen ap Edwin - Line 176-4 Note: Marriage 2 (outside church) his cousin - Line 176-4 (2) Christina (his cousin) - Line 239-6 AKA-BIRTH-MARRIAGE-DEATH-BURIAL: LDS Ancestor file - Doc. AFN000455 Aka: Owain "Gwynedd" ap Gruffydd, Prince of Wales Birth: About 1087; ,Of,Caernarvonshire,Wales Marriage: Gwladus vercy Llywarch Death: December 1169; ,,Caernarvonshire,Wales Burial: Bangor Cathedral,Isle Swyrfai,Caernarvonshire,Wales
  
  === Owain Cyveiliog or Owain ab Gruffydd (d ===
  Owain Cyveiliog or Owain ab Gruffydd (d 1197), prince of Powys, was the son of Gruffydd ap Maredudd, brother of Madog ap Maredudd, prince of Powys. He was, it is said, the offspring of an irregular union of his father with Gwervyl, daughter of Urgan ab Howel. In 1159 Owain and his brother Meurig received from their uncle Madog, then ruling over Powys, the district of Cyveiliog, a region including most of the middle valley of the Dovey, and corresponding to the western portions of the modern Montgomeryshire. Owain remained so closely connected with Cyveiliog that he derived from it his ordinary descriptive name, which effectmaclly distinguished him from his rival, Owain ab Gruffydd, called Owain Gwynedd. Madog died in 1160, and his son Llywelyn being slain immediately afterwards, Owain succeeded to the lordship of all Powys. In the first years of his reign Owain continued his uncle's general policy of alliance with the English against his dangerous neighbour and rival Owain Gwynedd. But the gowing pressure of the Norman marchers, backed up by Henry I, seems to have caused Owain to alter his policy; and in 1165 he joined Owain Gwynedd and the Lord Rhys of South Wales in their resistance to Henry II's invasion during that summer. Most of the fighting took place in Powys, and Henry II withdrew, beaten by the elements and want of food as much as by the enemy, and never ventured on another Welsh campaign. The alliance between the two Owains was continued for some time. In 1166 they drove out their former ally, Iorwerth Goch, from his territory in Mochnant, and divided that district between them. But in 1167 the allies quarrelled, and Owain Gwynedd joined with Rhys of South Wales against Owain Cyveiliog, though the prince of Powys ahd married Rhys' daughter. Their joint forces invaded Powys, took possession of Caereineon and Talawern, and put Owain to flight. The lord of Powys now fell back on his old friends the marchers. He soon reappeared in company with a 'French' army, won back the lands he had lost, and destroyed the new castle which his foes had built in Caereineon. War continued between Owain Cyveiliog and Rhys. In 1171 Rhys again invaded Powys, and forced Owain to surrender seven hostages for his good behavior. But a quieter time now followed in Wales. Davydd, prince of Gwynedd, Owain Gwynedd's son and successor, was Henry II's son-in-law. The Lord Rhys had become the king's 'justice in South Wales.' Henry found it wisest to leave the Welsh princes pretty much to themselves, and they on their part found it prudent to recognise his supremacy. Power in Wales was, moreover, so divided that no single Welsh prince had much chance of winning great triumphs over his neighbours. Owain accordingly continued in his dependence on Henry II. Constant intercourse between Owain and his overlord led to a good deal of personal friendliness between them; and Giraldus Cambrensis tells a story how, when dining with the king at Shrewsbury, Owain found means of covertly rebuking his overloard for his habit of keeping benefices long vacant in order to enjoy the custody of their temporalities. In May 1177 he attended the great council at Oxford, at which Henry made his son John lord of Ireland. All the other Welsh chieftains were there, and all of them took oaths of fealty to Henry as their overlord. As Owain grew older his sons Gwenwynwyn and Cadwallon took his place in the plundering forays and other wild enterprises of a Welsh chieftain. The Welsh chronicles make these youths responsible for the treacherous murder of their cousin, Owain ab Madog, in 1186; but Giraldus Cambrensis makes their father directly responsible for this crime. In 1188 Owain alone of the princes of Wales did not go out with his people to meet Archbishop Baldwin when that prelate, in the course of his crusading tour, approached his dominions. For this negligence he was excommunicated. Owain busied his declining years with the foundation of the Cistercian monastery of Strata Marcella (Ystrad Marchell). There he ultimately took the monastic habit, and there he died in 1197 at a good old age. Gwenwynwyn, who succeeded to his father's dominions, completed the endowment of Owain's foundation of Strata Marcella.
  
  There is another story, that Strata Marcella was founded by Madog ap Gruffydd Maelor in about 1200. But this seems to be a confusion between Strata Marcella and Valla Crucis in Yale. The 'charter of foundation' printed in Dugdales 'Monasticon' seems really to refer to the latter rather than the former foundation.
  
  Giraldus Cambransis includes Owain Cyvailiog with Owain Gwynedd and Maredudd ab Gruffydd ab Rhys of South Wales as the three Welshmen who in his days were conspicuous for their justice, prudence, and moderation as rullers. HIs lavish hospitality - 'There was drinking without regret, without refusal, and without any kind of want' - is celebrated by Dynddelw. Owain Cyveiliog was also specially distinguished for the rediness of his tongue. He was also a poet of some merit, his best-known production being some verses on Y Gylchan Cymru (the circuit through Wales), and a longer song on the Hirlas horn. There are printed in the 'Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales,' pp 190-2. There are also printed in the same collection two poems of Cynddalw celebrating the praises of Owain. [Dictionary of National Biography XIV:1289-90]
  
  __________________________
  
  Owain Cyfeiliog (c 1130-97), prince and poet, son of Gruffudd, brother of Madog ap Maredudd, prince of Powys. In 1149 Madog appointed him under-lord of Cyfeiliog. About 1153 Rhys ap Gruffydd attacked this commote, and although Owain was later to marry his daughter, they remained enemies for years. After the death of Madog in 1160, Owain held Cyfeiliog on his own account, and in 1163 he joined, with Owain Fychan, to capture and destroy the royal castle of Carreghofa. In 1165 he is found with other princes of Powys and the other Welsh provinces in the great muster under Owain Gwynedd facing Henry II's attack in the Berwyn district. The next year, however, he again joined with Owain Fychan to drive Owain Goch from Mochnant, which they divided between them by a line which still remains as the border of Denbighshire and Montgomeryshire. In 1167 he reverted to Madog ap Maredudd's policy of friendship with England, and remained fairly constant to it for the remainder of his life. In 1167 he was attacked by Owain Gwynedd and Rhys ap Gruffydd of South Wales who seized the commote of Caereinion and gave it to Owain Fychan, but Owain Cyfeiliog soon regained it with English aid.
  
  In 1170 he established the Cistercian monastery of Strada Marcella. He again supported the English in 1173, and was present at the Council of Oxford in 1177. He was the only Welsh prince who refused to support the efforts of archbishop Baldwin and Giraldus Cambrensis in 1188 to preach the Crusade, for that he handed over the reins of government to his son, Gwenwynwyn, in 1195, and retired to the monastery of Strata Marcella, where he d. in 1197, and where he lies buried. His first wife was Gwenllian, daughter of Owain Gwynedd (mother of Gwenwynwyn), and his second wife was a daughter of Rhys ap Gruffydd.
  
  In the early years of his reign he excelled as a warrior, and it is as such that Cynddelw sings his praises, but at a later date, Gerald is to speak of him as one of the three princes in Wales who were conspicuouc 'for the justice, wisdom, and moderation of their rule.' The latter also mentions his eloquent tongue and his sagacity. Yet his fame as a fighter remained, even among the Normans, as can be seen from the "Legende de Fulk Fitz Warin.' It is this aspect of his career that the prince himself reveals in his 'Drinking-horn of Owain' - a poem patterned on the 'Gododdin,' in which a number of fellow-soldiers are each addressed in turn as the horn goes round. It is the best portrayal which we have of the campaigning life of a Welsh prince, with the close comradeship existing between him and his chosen war-band, and the thrill of their life of high adventure. There is also extant a series of englynion sung by the war-band of Owain to their 'circuit' of Wales. The circuit, however, is of North Wales only. [Dictionary of Welsh Biography p691]
  
  === Second son of Gruffydd ap Cynan (d. 1137 ===
  Second son of Gruffydd ap Cynan (d. 1137), king of Gwynedd, Owain helpedhis fater extend Gwynedd's power. As king (1137), he consolidated hishold on Church and State in Nort Wales and exploited Enlish dissensionsto advant into Ceredigion; he even had authority later as far east as theDee (1165). His only major reverse was at Henry II's hands (1157), afterwhich Owain acknowledged English overlordship over Gwynedd. Ambitious,far-sighted yet prudent, Owain was much lauded by contemporary poets asthe pre-eminent ruler of Wales. After his death (and burial in BangorCathedral), his sons quarrelled over the inheritance; David (d. 1203) haddominion in Gwynedd in the 1170s and married Henry II's half-sister. ("The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy", Cannon, Johnand Ralph Griffiths, Oxford Univ Press: 1988, p 142)
  
  === !DEATH: Royal Ancestors of Magna Carta B ===
  !DEATH: Royal Ancestors of Magna Carta Barons, by Carr Collins Prince of North Wales
  
  === Prince of North Wales Prince of Gwynedd ===
  Prince of North Wales Prince of Gwynedd. He succeeded his father Gruffudd ap Cynan as ruler of Gwynedd in 1137 and took advantage of the troubles of Stephen's reigh to make territorial gains, especially between the rivers Conwy and Dee. Although he was forced to submit to Henry II in 1157 and 1163, his extraordinary success in leading united Welsh opposition to the English invasion of 1165 enabled him to reassert his independence and won for him a reputation as Owain the Great, King of Wales. Source: Who's Who in British History. Collins & Brown. 2000
  
  === Owain 1 had at least 9 wives, concubine ===
  Owain 1 had at least 9 wives, concubines, or mistresses; 1.) Gwladus Verch LLYWARCH; 2.) Cristin Verch GRONWY; 3.) Angharad Verch PEREDUR; 4.) Gwenllian Verch EDNYWAIN; 5.) Morfudd Verch MERWYDD; 6.) Afandreg Verch GWRGI; 7.) Anedd Verch GWRGI; 8.) Ffynnod WYDDELES; 9.) Morfudd Verch ELFAN. DICTIONARY OF WELSH BIOGRAPHY (1959); Pages 692 - 693. THE HISTORY OF GRUFFYDD AP CYNAN; by Arthur JONES (1910); IRISH ANNALS (Especially the Annals of Innisfallen, of Ulster, and of the Four Masters).
  
  === Prince of North Wales, buried in Bangor ===
  Prince of North Wales, buried in Bangor Cathedral,
  
  === 1. AR 239-6. 2. m.(1) GLADYS (176-5), (2 ===
  1. AR 239-6. 2. m.(1) GLADYS (176-5), (2) Christina (his cousin). 3. Prince of North Wales.
  
  === He was a distinguished bard and among o ===
  He was a distinguished bard and among other productions is his Welch ode called Hirlas or the Blue Long Horn.
  
  === Gruffydd Was probably killed at a battle ===
  Gruffydd Was probably killed at a battle,he was also a Prince of Eastern Wales and his father was probably a cheiften and the king of wales .
  
  === Sources: History of Morgan Family, Dicti ===
  Sources: History of Morgan Family, Dictionary of National Biography,AF; Young; Ancestral Roots 176, 239; Kraentzler 1123, 1406. Young: Owain Gwynedd, prince of Gwynedd, died 1170. Roots 176: Owain I Gwinedh/Gwyned, Prince of North Wales, died 1170.He married (2) (outside of church) his cousin Christina ver Gronw ap Owen ap Edwin. Roots 239: Owain I Gwynedd, born about 1100, died 1170, Prince ofNorth Wales. (This the same man as Edwin ap Einon, RIN 1267)? History: "From Owen's line came King Edward IV of England." Dictionary: Became famous as Owain Gwynedd. K: Owain, Prince of Wales. Owain Gwynedd, Prince of North Wales ****** SOURCES: 1. Morgan, Dennis. _A History of the Morgan Family_. "From Owen'sline came King Edward IV of England." 2. _Dictionary of National Biography_. States that he Became famousas Owain Gwynedd. 3. Family Group Record 4. Weis, Frederick Lewis. _Ancestral Roots of Sixty Colonists_. 6th Edition Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc.,1988. Calls him Owain I Gwinedh. *****
  
  === !#4569-v1-p41; v2-p267; v5-p718; v7-p113 ===
  !#4569-v1-p41; v2-p267; v5-p718; v7-p1138*;
  
  === !#4569-v1-p58; !Glamorgan lp, Penychen; ===
  !#4569-v1-p58; !Glamorgan lp, Penychen; !ASSUMPTION: place of residence unknown, placed here for recording purposes;
  
  === Per "Welsh Surnames and Given Names, and ===
  Per "Welsh Surnames and Given Names, and their meanings" by AnnieLloyd;
  
  "Gruffydd" means "grip, strong, lord", name of the King of Gwynedd.It may come from the Latin word for "Refus" which means "red headed".
  
  === Title: Encyclopedia Britannica, Treatise ===
  Title: Encyclopedia Britannica, Treatise on
  
  Page: UK-Wales Macropaedia p 124
  
  Title: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999
  
  Page: 176-5
  
  *Forrest=fathers direct line,! dna connections
  @Stolp=mothers direct line
  +Tamer=husbands direct line
  #Wallace & ^Stuetelberg=son-in-laws direct lines
  all lines separated.With multiple marks cross over lines
  without documentations all is speculative/with ???
  
  === BIRTH:"WELSH GENEALOGIES AD300-1400," by ===
  BIRTH:"WELSH GENEALOGIES AD300-1400," by Peter Clement Bartrum, published by The University of Wales Press, 1980.
  
  === Burkes Guide to the Royal Family p 322 c ===
  Burkes Guide to the Royal Family p 322 changed from King to Prince abt 1052. married first Gwladus second Christina. King 1137-1170. He tried to unite Wales. In 1143 his brother Cadwaldr and he quarreled due to him killing a young cousin who was engaged to be married to Owain's daughter. So Owain punished his brother severely. Owain by 1152 was over all Wales. He build abbeys and monasteries. Taught the English chivalrous behavior. Burkes Guide to the Royal Family p 322 changed from King to Prince abt 1052. married first Gwladus second Christina King 1137-1170
  
  === Sir Ieuan, the eldest son,was, like his ===
  Sir Ieuan, the eldest son,was, like his father, a soldier in theFrench Wars. It is stated by some authorities that he died in 1370,but it appears by other records that he survived until some yearslater, probably until 1379. He lies buried in the ancient Church ofLlan Uwch Llyn, near Bala, where his tomb still exists. His figure,cut in stone and clad in full armor, rests upon his tomb, and supportsa shield, upon which is emblazoned the three wolves' heads, thearmorial insignia of his house. He married first Gwenllian, daughter and heiress of the Lord ofEvionydd and Ardudwy, head of one of the Noble Tribes of Wales. Uponher death he married Annesta, daughter of the Lord of Tref Gynon. He is stated, in a manuscript, in the handwriting of Robert Vaughan,Of Hengwrt, to have "lived in great credit and esteeme in the days ofKing Edward III, who allowed him a annual stipend for guarding &conducting of ye Justice of North Wales with a companie of archerswhilst he should sojourne & stay in ye countie of Merionethshire".
  
  === THE PLANTAGENET ANCESTRY (GS NUMBER Q940 ===
  THE PLANTAGENET ANCESTRY (GS NUMBER Q940 D2T) P.128, 130; SORLEY'S PEDIGREES (GS NUMBER Q929.242 SO68) P.18, 26; THE ROYAL LINES OF SUCCESSION, P.23; EMINENT WELSHMEN, P.185; HISTORY OF POWYS GADOG, P.77; THE ROYAL TRIBES OF WALES, P.1 THRU 5; HISTORY OF GWYDIR FAMILY, P.12A; LDS GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY;
  
  === [G675.ged] REF: "Yale Genealogy and His ===
  [G675.ged] REF: "Yale Genealogy and History of Wales", 1908, Rodney Horace Yale p. 40: During King Stephen's reign of 17 years in England, he left Wales much to itself and Owain materially added to the resources of his country & re-occupied several districts, which the Welsh had lost in former years. In the meantime however, he and Cadwaladr quarreld and the latter fled to England. Also during these years (C25) Rhys ap Gruffydd, a son of Gruffydd ap Rhun, who was son of Rhys ap Tewdwr, had won several comparatively important engagements and successes in the south.
  
  === King of Gwynedd (1137-70) Owain took adv ===
  King of Gwynedd (1137-70) Owain took advantage of the general anarchy following the death of Henry I to gradually extend his control over the territories of northern Wales. It was as much his qualities as a politician as it was that of an expansionist that made him one of Wales's greatest rulers. At the time of his death in 1170 Owain was master of all of North Wales, the premier prince of Wales, and was held in high regard throughout Europe.
  
  === Had children by Pyvog and mothers not kn ===
  Had children by Pyvog and mothers not known.
  
  === !#4568-v9-p705; #4569-v2-p314*; ===
  !#4568-v9-p705; #4569-v2-p314*;
  
  === !SOURCE: Welsh Founders of Penn Pa 13, ===
  !SOURCE: Welsh Founders of Penn Pa 13, v 2, p 63 The Royal Lines of Succession, A16A225, p 23 The Royal Tribes of Wales, Wales 1, p 4-5 Temple Rec, Mary Ann P. Schow, Escalante, Utah, p 4, 9 Hist of Powys Fadog, Wales 15, v 1, p 82 Eminent Welshmen, Wales 13, p 116, 184-85, 231, 244-45, 311, 368-70 Dict of Nat'l Biog, Eng Pub A, v 42, p 391-95
  
  === !#4568-v9-p709; v11-p853; !#4569-v3-p434 ===
  !#4568-v9-p709; v11-p853; !#4569-v3-p434; v5-p677,690; v6-p901;

1. Angharad ferch Owain Gwynedd, b. ABT 1135 in Gwynedd, Wales     d. 1185 in Wales
2. Iorwerth Drwyndwn ao Owain, b. ABT 1145     d. ABT 1174 in Pennant Melangell, Powys, Montgomery, Wales

1. Title: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd
   Page: How I found this Kings affiliation with my family
   
2. Title: Millennium File
   Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/collections/7249/records/10133790;
   
3. Title: Small History of King Owain
   Publication: Name: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd;
   Page: Brief but informative history of a great and very influential king as well as other direct Nobel relatives.
   
4. Title: Owain Gwynedd, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV28-8BKT : 6 March 2021), Owain Gwynedd, ; Burial, Bangor, , Gwynedd, Wales, Bangor Cathedral; citing record ID 61943382, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV28-8BKT;
   
5. Title: Dictionary of National Biography, Volumes 1-20, 22
   Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/collections/1981/records/2589;
   
6. Title: American Genealogical-Biographical Index (AGBI)
   Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/collections/3599/records/3063496;
   
7. Title: Owain Gwynedd, "Find A Grave Index"
   Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV28-8BKT : 6 March 2021), Owain Gwynedd, ; Burial, Bangor, , Gwynedd, Wales, Bangor Cathedral; citing record ID 61943382, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
   Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV28-8BKT;
   
8. Title: https://www.herefordtimes.com/news/9020485.owain-glyndwrs-resting-place/
   Page: How I found this Kings affiliation with my family
   
9. Title: Legacy NFS Source: King Owain Ap Gruffydd -
   
10. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Prince Owain Ap Gruffydd - death:
    Author: 401017.ftw, Not Given
    
11. Title: Owain Gwynedd, "Find A Grave Index"
    Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV28-8BKT : 6 March 2021), Owain Gwynedd, ; Burial, Bangor, , Gwynedd, Wales, Bangor Cathedral; citing record ID 61943382, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV28-8BKT;
    
12. Title: Legacy NFS Source: King Owain Ap Gruffydd -
    
13. Title: Wikipedia, "Owain Gwynedd"
    Author: Wikipedia.org
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd;
    
14. Title: Legacy NFS Source: King Owain Ap Gruffydd -
    Author: Ancestry Family Trees, Online publication - Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com. Original data: Family Tree files submitted by Ancestry members., Page number: Ancestry Family Trees
    
15. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Owain Gwynedd Apgruffydd -
    Author: Ancestry Family Trees, Name: Name: Name: Name: Online publication - Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com. Original data: Family Tree files submitted by, Page number: Ancestry Family Trees
    Note: This information comes from 1 or more individual Ancestry Family Tree files. This source citation points you to a current version of those files. Note: The owners of these tree files may have removed or changed information since this source citation was created. This information comes from 1 or more individual Ancestry Family Tree files. This source citation points you to a current version of those files. Note: The owners of these tree files may have removed or changed information since this source citation was created. This information comes from 1 or more individual Ancestry Family Tree files. This source citation points you to a current version of those files. Note: The owners of these tree files may have removed or changed information since this source citation was created.
    Page: Migrated from user-supplied source citation: urn:familysearch:source:3247747315
    
16. Title: The Medieval Lands Project: "OWAIN ap Gruffydd"
    Author: fmg.ac
    Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/WALES.htm#Owaindied1170A;
    Note: OWAIN ap Gruffydd, son of GRUFFYDD ap Cynan King of Gwynedd & his wife Angharad of Deheubarth ([1100]-Nov 1169): The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Angharad daughter of Owain son of Edwin was the wife of Gruffudd son of Cynan" and mother of "Cadwallon and Owain and Cadwalader and of many daughters"[229]. Gerald of Wales’s Descriptio Kambriæ records the descent of the rulers of North Wales in reverse chronological order as follows: “David filius Oenei, Oeneus filius Griphini, Griphinus filius Canani, Cananus filius Iago, Iago filius Ythewal, Ythewal filius Meuric, Meuric filius Anaudrech, Anaudrech filius Mervini, Mervinus filius Roderici magni”[230]. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Owain and Cadwalader the sons of Gruffudd son of Cynan led a large and cruel army into Ceredigion" in 1135[231]. King of Gwynedd. He changed his title from King to Prince [1152]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1171 of "rex Oenus avunculus eius" (referring to "Ris rex Walensium")[232]. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Owain Gwynedd son of Gruffudd son of Cynan, prince of Gwynedd" died in Nov 1169[233]. He married firstly GWLADUS, daughter of LLYWARCH ap Trahearn ap Caradog & his wife ---. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage has not yet been identified. He married secondly his first cousin, CRISIANT, daughter of GRONW ap Owain ap Edwin of Deheubarth & his wife ---. [The Gwentian Chronicle names "Crisiant daughter of Goronmy son of Owain son of Ednywain" as the mother of "David son of Owain"[234].] Mistress (1): ---. Mistress (2): ---. Mistress (3): PYFOG, daughter of ---. [The Gwentian Chronicle names "Pyvog daughter of an honourable lord in Ireland" as the mother of "Hywel son of Owain"[235].] Mistresses (4) - (6): ---. Owain & his first wife had two children: 1. IORWERTH "Drwyndwyn/flat nose" (-1174). His parentage is confirmed by the Annales Cambriæ which name his son "Lewelinus filius Gervasii filii Owini Guynet…princeps Walliæ"[236]. He succeeded his father in 1170 as IORWERTH Prince of Gwynedd. m MARARED of Powys, daughter of MADOG ap Maredudd King of Powys & his wife Susann of Gwynedd. Marared´s parentage and marriage are recorded in a manuscript now at Jesus College "Marareda merch Madawc m Maredud"[237]. Iorwerth & his wife had one child: a) LLYWELYN ap Iorwerth ([1173]-11 Apr 1240, bur Aberconway). The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Llywelyn son of Iorwerth and Rhodri son of Owain and the two sons of Cynan son of Owain combined against David son of Owain Gwynedd and oppugned all the territory of David, except three castles" in 1194[238]. He succeeded in 1194 as LLYWELYN Prince of Gwynedd, ruler of All Wales. - see below. 2. MAELGWN (-before 16 May 1218). [The Gwentian Chronicle records that "David son of Owain Gwynedd put all his brothers in prison, but Maelgwn kept the island of Mona in opposition to him for three years, after which David…gained the island and imprisoned Maelgwn, who shortly after broke out of prison and released his kindred and brothers", in 1173[239].] The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "David son of Owain took his brother Maelgwn and imprisoned him" in 1174[240]. King Henry III ordered an enquiry whether "Mailgun uncle of Llewellyn Prince of North Wales had seisin of land held by Adam le Savonier in Dublin" and if he did that "seisin thereof be given to Llewellyn his nephew and heir" dated 16 May 1218[241]. Prince Owain & his second wife had two children: 3. DAFYDD (-1203). Gerald of Wales´s Descriptio Kambriæ records the descent of the rulers of North Wales in reverse chronological order as follows: “David filius Oenei, Oeneus filius Griphini, Griphinus filius Canani, Cananus filius Iago, Iago filius Ythewal, Ythewal filius Meuric, Meuric filius Anaudrech, Anaudrech filius Mervini, Mervinus filius Roderici magni”[242]. The Annales Cambriæ name "Owinus princeps Norwalliæ cum filiis suis Hoelo, Canano et David" when recording that they besieged "apud Dinas Bassing castra" in 1158[243]. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "David son of Owain killed his eldest brother Howel son of Owain" in 1170[244]. He succeeded his half-brother in 1174 as DAFYDD I Prince of Gwynedd. He was deposed in 1194 by his nephew. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Llywelyn son of Iorwerth and Rhodri son of Owain and the two sons of Cynan son of Owain combined against David son of Owain Gwynedd and oppugned all the territory of David, except three castles" in 1194[245]. m ([1174]) EMMA d'Anjou, illegitimate daughter of GEOFFROY V "le Bel/Plantagenet" Comte d'Anjou & his mistress ---. A manuscript entitled "De Origine Comitum Andegavensium" records that "Gaufridus Plantagenet Comes Andegavensium" had an illegitimate daughter "Emmam quam David Norwallensium Princeps"[246]. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "king David married dame Emma the sister of the king of England" in 1175[247]. The 1173/74 Pipe Roll records "pannis et apparatu sororis reg q Dauid fil Oeni dux uxore" in London/Middlesex[248]. The Testa de Nevill includes a writ of King John dated 1212 which records that "Emma quondam uxor David Regis Wallie" was granted "manerium de Hales" in Shropshire by King Henry II[249]. Dafydd & his wife had two children: a) OWAIN . b) daughter . 4. RHODRI (-1195). The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Rhodri escaped from the prison of his brother David, and before the end of the year, he expelled David out of Mona and out of Gwynedd until he passed through the river Conway" in 1175[250]. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Llywelyn son of Iorwerth and Rhodri son of Owain and the two sons of Cynan son of Owain combined against David son of Owain Gwynedd and oppugned all the territory of David, except three castles" in 1194[251]. Lord of Anglesey. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1195 of "Rodri filius Owini"[252]. m firstly NEST of Deheubarth, daughter of RHYS ap Gruffydd King of Deheubarth. m secondly --- of Man, daughter of RAGNALD I King of Man. For their descendants, see "Jones-Lloyd" in Burke's Landed Gentry. Prince Owain had one illegitimate son by Mistress (1): 5. CYNVRIG (-killed 1138). [The Gwentian Chronicle records that "Cynvrig son of Owain Gwynedd was killed by Madoc son of Maredudd son of Bleddyn son of Cynvyn" in 1138[253].] Prince Owain had one illegitimate son by Mistress (2): 6. RHUN (-1146). Prince Owain had one illegitimate son by Mistress (3): 7. HYWEL (-1170). The Annales Cambriæ name "Owinus princeps Norwalliæ cum filiis suis Hoelo, Canano et David" when recording that they besieged "apud Dinas Bassing castra" in 1158[254]. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "David son of Owain killed his eldest brother Howel son of Owain" in 1170[255]. Prince Owain had three illegitimate children by Mistresses (4) to (6): 8. CYNAN (-1173). The Annales Cambriæ name "Owinus princeps Norwalliæ cum filiis suis Hoelo, Canano et David" when recording that they besieged "apud Dinas Bassing castra" in 1158[256]. Lord of Eifionydd, Ardudwy and Meirionydd. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Cynan son of Owain Gwynedd" died in 1174[257]. m ---. Cynan & his wife had two children: a) GRUFFYDD (-Aberconway 1200). Lord of Meirionydd and Ardudwy in 1188. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Llywelyn son of Iorwerth and Rhodri son of Owain and the two sons of Cynan son of Owain combined against David son of Owain Gwynedd and oppugned all the territory of David, except three castles" in 1194[258]. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Gruffudd son of Cynan son of Owain" died in 1200 "after taking upon him the religious habit, at Aberconway"[259]. m ---. Gruffydd & his wife had one child: i) HYWEL (-1216). The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Maredudd son of Cynan was expelled from Meirionydd by Howel son of Gruffud his nephew" in 1202[260]. The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1215 of "Hoelus filius Grifini"[261]. b) MAREDUDD (-1212). Lord of Eifionydd in 1188. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Llywelyn son of Iorwerth and Rhodri son of Owain and the two sons of Cynan son of Owain combined against David son of Owain Gwynedd and oppugned all the territory of David, except three castles" in 1194[262]. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales records that "Maredudd son of Cynan was expelled from Meirionydd by Howel son of Gruffud his nephew" in 1202[263]. m ---. Maredudd & his wife had two children: i) LLYWELYN Fawr/senior . m ---. The name of Llywelyn´s wife is not known. Llywelyn & his wife had one child: (a) MAREDUDD (-1254). The Annales Cambriæ record the death in 1254 of "iuvenis Mareduth filius Lewelini de Meronnyth, relicto unico hærede filio de Guenllian filia Mailgonis"[264]. m GWENLLIAN, daughter of MAELGWYN Fychan & his wife ---. Maredudd & his wife had one child: (1) LLYWELYN (-1263). ii) LLYWELYN Fychan/junior . 9. ANGHARAD . m GRUFFYDD Maelor [I] ap Madog Prince of Fadog [Northern Powys], son of MADOG ap Maredudd Prince of Powys & his wife Susanna of Gwynedd (-1191). 10. GWENLLIAN . m as his first wife, OWAIN "Cyfelliog" ap Gruffydd Prince of Southern Powys, son of GRUFFYDD ap Maredudd Lord of Mawddy & his wife Gwerfyl of Caer ([1125]-1195).
    Page: Family
    
17. Title: Ancestors of Ievan known as Evan Robert Lewis
    Author: Gwynedd Friends, Society of Friends (Quakers), Gwynedd, Pennsylvania, USA
    Publication: Name: http://www.gwyneddmeeting.org/history/evans_ancestry.html;
    Note: This is a print-out from the Gwynedd Historian's personal database, and contains mostly undocumented data, but generally follows Thomas Allen Glenn (Welsh Founders of Pennsylvania, Vol II, Owen, Evans and Allied Families pps 47-107). Last modified March 2010.
    Page: Life sketch is from this source.
    
18. Title: The Medieval Lands Project: "OWAIN ap Gruffydd"
    Author: fmg.ac
    Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/WALES.htm#Owaindied1170A;
    
19. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Prince Owain Ap Gruffydd - death:
    Author: Ball.FTW, Not Given
    
20. Title: Legacy NFS Source: King Owain Ap Gruffydd -
    Author: Family History Library archive record (family group sheet)
    
21. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Owain "Gwynedd" (Prince Wales) Ap Gruffydd -
    Author: Ancestry Family Trees, Online publication - Provo, UT, USA: The Generations Network. Original data: Family Tree files submitted by Ancestry members., Page number: Ancestry Family Trees
    
22. Title: Geni
    Publication: Name: https://www.geni.com/people/Owain-Gwynedd-ap-Gruffydd-King-of-Gwynedd/6000000000436328266?through=6000000002459902739;
    
23. Title: Legacy NFS Source: King Owain Ap Gruffydd - birth: 1081; Caernarvon, Wales, United Kingdom
    Author: v11t4329.FTW, Not Given
    
24. Title: Legacy NFS Source: King Owain Ap Gruffydd -
    Author: Ancestral File (TM), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, July 1996 (c), data as of 2 January 1996
    
25. Title: Legacy NFS Source: King Owain Ap Gruffydd -
    
26. Title: Llwyth Elystan Glodrydd website
    Publication: Name: http://www.elystan.co.uk/family-in-context;
    
27. Title: Legacy NFS Source: King Owain Ap Gruffydd -
    
28. Title: The Medieval Lands Project: "OWAIN ap Gruffydd"
    Author: fmg.ac
    Publication: Name: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/WALES.htm#Owaindied1170A;
    
29. Title: Peerage, The
    Author: Darryl Lundy, The Peerage, a genealogical survey of teh Peerage of Britian as well as the royal families of Europe (http://thepeerage.com : accessed 29 Jan 2019), Owain ap Gruffyd.
    Note: Owain ap Gruffyd, King of Gwynedd was born circa 1100.1 He was the son of Gruffydd ap Cynan, King of Gwynedd and Angharad ferch Owain.1 He married, firstly, Gwladus ferch Llywarch, daughter of Llywarch ap Trahaearn.1 He married, secondly, Cristin ferch Goronwy, daughter of Goronwy ap Owain.1 He died on 28 November 1170.1He was also known as Owen Gwynedd.2 Had allegedly by more wives several other children and without doubt illegitimately by Angharad.2 Dau of Peredur.2 He succeeded as the King of Gwynedd in 1137.1Children of Owain ap Gruffyd, King of Gwynedd and Gwladus ferch LlywarchIorwerth ap Owain+Gwenllian Gwynedd3Children of Owain ap Gruffyd, King of GwyneddCynan Gwynedd3 d. 1173Hywel ap Owain, King of Gwynedd1 d. 1170Children of Owain ap Gruffyd, King of Gwynedd and Cristin ferch GoronwyDafydd ap Owain, Prince of East Gwynnedd d. 1203Angharad Gwynedd3Rhodi ap Owain+1 b. c 1135, d. 1195Citations[S130] Wikipedia, online http;//www.wikipedia.org. Hereinafter cited as Wikipedia.[S37] BP2003 volume 3, page 4188. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37][S37] BP2003. [S37]Iorwerth ap Owain
    
30. Title: Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-Current
    Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/collections/9289/records/11395367;
    
31. Title: Legacy NFS Source: King Owain Ap Gruffydd -
    Author: Ancestral File (TM), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, June 1998 (c), data as of 5 JAN 1998, Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84150 USA
    
32. Title: Wikipedia page of Owaiin Gwynedd ap Gruffudd
    Author: Wikipedia page of Owaiin ap Gruffudd
    Publication: Name: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd;
    Note: Large amount of information and pictures
    Page: Lots of information and pictures
    
33. Title: ANCESTRY
    Publication: Name: https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/90955000/person/120165910025/facts;
    
34. Title: Legacy NFS Source: King Owain Ap Gruffydd - burial: ; Bangor, Caernarvon, Wales, United Kingdom
    Author: International Genealogical index, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Family History Library, 35 N. West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150, USA, www.familysearch.org
    
35. Title: Owain Gwynedd, "Find A Grave Index"
    Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV28-8BKT : 6 March 2021), Owain Gwynedd, ; Burial, Bangor, , Gwynedd, Wales, Bangor Cathedral; citing record ID 61943382, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV28-8BKT;
    
36. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Owain Gwynedd - Published information: birth-name: Owain Gwynedd
    
37. Title: Life Summary of King Owain I of Wales
    Publication: Name: https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/94L5-FXD/king-owain-i-of-wales-1100-1170;
    Page: Story behind his life with photos.
    
38. Title: The history of the princes, the lords marcher, and the ancient nobility of Powys Fadog, and the ancient lords of Arwystli, Cedewen, and Meirionydd by Lloyd, Jacob Youde William, 1816-1887 volume 5
    Author: this was a google search for history books on wales and genealogy works
    Publication: Name: https://archive.org/details/historyofprinces05lloy/page/240;
    Note: these books there is 5 volumes have pedigrees and gives relationships and names and time eras for these families in wales. ^ lorwerthDrwyndwnwastheeldestsonofOwainGwynedd,who reigned over all Wales from 1137 to 1169. His son Llewelyn II, surnamed the Great, reigned fifty-six years, and died a.d. 1240, and was buried iu the abbey of Aberconwy. His great grandson Llewelyn III, was the last reigning sovereign of Wales.
    Page: page 227 has a pedigree of this family showing name spelling and showing the welsh tradition of sons name ab father name and so forth giving a whole pedigree just in the name. showing some dates and spouses names and father name and there genealogy in the fathers name.
    
39. Title: Legacy NFS Source: King Owain Ap Gruffydd -
    Author: Source 5 (please edit title)
    
40. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Owain - Church record: birth-name: Owain Ap Gruffydd
    
41. Title: Owain Gwynedd, "Find A Grave Index"
    Author: "Find A Grave Index," database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV28-8BKT : 6 March 2021), Owain Gwynedd, ; Burial, Bangor, , Gwynedd, Wales, Bangor Cathedral; citing record ID 61943382, Find a Grave, http://www.findagrave.com.
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QV28-8BKT;
    
42. Title: Llywelyn the Great, Wikipedia
    Author: Google search for info
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llywelyn_the_Great;
    Note: Gives a history on this person and wales history... Llywelyn the Great (Welsh: Llywelyn Fawr, [ɬəˈwɛlɪn vaʊ̯r]), full name Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, (c. 1173 – 11 April 1240) was a King of Gwynedd in north Wales... He was sole ruler of Gwynedd by 1200 and made a treaty with King John of England that year. Llywelyn's relations with John remained good for the next ten years. He married John's natural daughter Joan in 1205... Llywelyn was born about 1173, the son of Iorwerth ab Owain and the grandson of Owain Gwynedd... He was probably born at Dolwyddelan, though not in the present Dolwyddelan Castle... Joan died in 1237 and Llywelyn appears to have suffered a paralytic stroke the same year... Llywelyn died at the Cistercian abbey of Aberconwy, which he had founded, and was buried there... Children by Joan: Dafydd ap Llywelyn (c. 1212–1246) Elen (Helen) ferch Llywelyn (c. 1206–1253) married John Earl of Huntington, and secondly Robert de Quincy. Susanna ferch Llywelyn (died after November 1228) Marared ferch Llywelyn (died after 1268), married John de Braose in 1219[68], and secondly (c. 1232) Walter III de Clifford; she had issue by both husbands.[69] Elen the Younger ferch Llywelyn (born before 1230; died after 16 February 1295), married firstly Máel Coluim II, Earl of Fife (son of Duncan Macduff of Fife and wife Alice Corbet), and secondly (after 1266) Domhnall I, Earl of Mar (son of William, Earl of Mar and first wife Elizabeth Comyn of Buchan)... Children by Tangwystl Goch (died c. 1198): Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (c. 1196–1244) He was Llywelyn's eldest son. He married Senena, daughter of Caradoc ap Thomas of Anglesey. Children whose parentage is uncertain: Gwladus Ddu (c. 1206–1251), probable daughter by Joan. She married Sir Randulph Mortimer[68] Angharad ferch Llywelyn (c. 1212–1256), probable daughter by Joan; married Maelgwn Fychan. Tegwared y Baiswen ap Llywelyn (c. 1215), a son by a woman named as Crysten in some sources, a possible twin of Angharad.[70]
    Page: shows he died in 1170
    
43. Title: Millennium File
    Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/collections/7249/records/10774665;
    
44. Title: Wikipedia - Owain ap Gruffydd of Gwenydd
    Publication: Name: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owain_Gwynedd;
    
45. Title: Millennium File
    Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/collections/7249/records/10774665;
    
46. Title: Legacy NFS Source: Prince of Gwynedd Owain -
    Author: Stirnet.com, Peter Barns-Graham, Chairman, Name: http://www.stirnet.com;, Page number: Wales03, Wales05, Wales09
    
47. Title: Legacy NFS Source: King Owain Ap Gruffydd -
    Author: Ancestral File (TM), The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, June 1998 (c), data as of 5 JAN 1998
    
48. Title: Wales. Welsh Medieval Database Primarily Nobility and Gentry lines. Date range: 100s-1900s. Family Search Submission ID: MMDR-CFK
    Publication: Name: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/2:2:3KHL-JT3;
    Page: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/2:2:3KHK-55B
    
49. Title: Web: Netherlands, GenealogieOnline Trees Index, 1000-Current
    Publication: Name: http://search.ancestry.com/collections/9289/records/11395367;