Adam Brus 2nd Lord of Skelton

• Preferred Name: Adam Brus 2nd Lord of Skelton^{[1] [2]}
  
• Alternate Name: Adam Bruse
  
• Alternate Name: Adam de Brus
  
• Gender: M
  
• FOUGHT+IN+OPPOSITION+TO+HIS+YOUNGER+BROTHER+IN+THE+BATTLE+OF+THE+STANDARD: 22 AUG 1138 in Cowton Moor, Northallerton, Yorkshire, England at LATI: N4.3378 LONG: E1.4285 with note: Description: When the armies of King David I of Scotland met those of King Stephen of England in the Battle of the Standard, Adam (and his father) found himself fighting against his younger brother Robert. Robert II was captured by his father and brother.
  
• DID+NOT+INHERIT+SCOTTISH+PROPERTIES+OR+TITLE: with note: Description: Although Adam was the oldest son, he did not inherit all the properties and titles, when he and his father renounced their fealty to Scotland in 1137, the property and title of Lord of Annandale were renounced as well. Adam's younger brother Robert became the 2nd Lord of Annandale instead.
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Sir
  
• Burial: AFT 20 MAR 1143 in Priory, Guisborough, Yorkshire, England at LATI: N4.5363 LONG: E1.0519 with note: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SCOTLAND.htm#AdamBrusdied1143
  
• Affiliation: with note: Description: House of Bruce
  
• Alternate+death+: 20 MAR 1166 in Yorkshire, England with note: Description: unproven https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/85708158/adam_i-de_brus
  
• Death: 1143 in Gisborough, Yorkshire, England at LATI: N4.5363 LONG: E1.0519
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Lord of Cleveland in Cleveland at LATI: N4.5759 LONG: E1.24
  
• http://familysearch.org/v1/TitleOfNobility: Second Lord of Skelton
  
• Adam de Brus” donated property to Middlesburgh priory by undated charter: with note: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SCOTLAND.htm#_Toc389122944
  
• FSID: 99WS-8Q5
  
• He succeeded his father in 1141 as Lord of Skelton.: with note: http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SCOTLAND.htm#_Toc389122944
  
• RENOUNCED+FEALTY+TO+SCOTTISH+KING+DAVID+I+: ABT 1137 with note: Description: Adam's father Robert Brus, 1st Lord of Skelton held property in both England and Scotland. When civil war erupted over the succession of Stephen of Bloise as King, the Brus' had to chose sides. Adam and his father renounced their allegiance to King David I and supported King Stephen of England. Adam's younger brother Robert pledged his fealty to Scotland.
  
• Clan Name: with note: Description: Bruce
  
• Birth: ABT 1113 in Durham, England at LATI: N4.7643 LONG: E1.571
  
• Notes:

  === Life Sketch ===
  Adam de Brus, 2nd Lord of Skelton was the oldest son of Robert de Brus and his wife Agnes. He was born most likely between 1094 and 1103, possibly in Eskdale, Yorkshire, England (which was his father's first caput) but more likely at the court of King Henry I of England (which was transient). He was the older brother of: Robert, Agnes, Hugh and Pagan.
  
  ABOUT HIS MOTHER AGNES: For many years it was incorrectly reported that Robert de Brus married twice, that his wives were Agnes de Pagnell and Agnes de Bainard. In reality we know that his wife was named Agnes, but no family surname was ever recorded anywhere. More current research, and investigation into Brus charters, indicates she was most likely an heiress of the Surdeval family.
  (page 27 https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/108772.pdf)
  
  Adam's father Robert de Brus received vast estates in Yorkshire, England about 1103 from King Henry I of England, and Annandale in Scotland in 1124 from King David of Scotland. As a result Robert owed fealty to the Kings of both countries. This was not a conflict until King Henry I of England died. The English throne was taken by Stephen of Blois and King David I of Scotland opposed the succession, instead supporting the daughter of King Henry, Empress Matilda, who was also his niece. Having to choose between opposing monarchs, Robert de Brus split their options: he turned his Scottish properties over to his second son Robert, and he and Adam renounced their fealty to King David I of Scotland and supported King Stephen. As the oldest son, Adam would have inherited all the de Brus holdings but instead, once his father died in 1141, he inherited their English holdings and became the 2nd Lord of Skelton, while his younger brother Robert became the 2nd Lord of Annandale in Scotland.
  
  Adam married, however, the name of his wife is not known. Some sources identify her as the widow of William de Roumare who married Adam second, others say she married de Roumare after Adam's death. Either way they had a son Adam be Brus the II.
  
  Adam de Brus died March 20th either 1142 or 1143, he survived his father Robert by 12 months. Because of the way the year was calculated at that time period, both years are correct. The year ended not December 31st, as it does now, but on March 25, therefor, what they called March 20 1142 is the same as what we call March 20 1143. Adam was buried at the Priory of St Mary, in Gisborough, Yorkshire, where his father was also buried. The Priory of St Mary is now known as Gisborough Priory.
  Upon his death, Adam's son, Adam de Brus II, became the 3rd Lord of Skelton.
  
  Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale wife Agnes de Paynel.
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_de_Brus,_1st_Lord_of_Annandale
  
  Robert I de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale (c. 1070 – 1142) was an early 12th century Anglo-Norman baron and knight, the first of the
  
  Robert de Bruce II 1078?-1141 wife Agnes Pagnel
  Dictionary of National Biography page 114
  https://archive.org/stream/dictionaryofnati07stepuoft#page/114/mode/2up
  
  Robert Bruce II was son of Robert I, and companion of David I of Scotland at the cou
  
  Projects MEDIEVAL LANDS: Chapter 5. KINGS of SCOTLAND (BRUCE)
  Robert I to Adam I
  
  [Three possible] brothers, parents not known:
  1. ROBERT [I] de Brus (-11 May 1141, bur Gysburne/Gisborough Priory). The manuscript history of the founders of Gysburne/Gisborough Priory re
  
  ADAM DE BRUS I - FOUNDATION OF MEDIEVAL GENEALOGY
  ADAM [I] de Brus, son of ROBERT [I] de Brus & his wife Agnes Paynell (-[20 Mar] [1143], bur Gysburne/Gisborough Priory). “Robertus de Brus” donated property to St Mary’s, York by charter dated to [11
  
  Wife of Robert de Bruis - Agnes Paynel
  Little is known about the wife of the first Robert de Brus except that her name was Agnes, that she was linked with her husband in his grants to foundations at Guisborough, York and Whitby, and that s
  
  === Given Name: Adam , 1St Baron Of Skelton ===
  Given Name: Adam , 1St Baron Of Skelton Surname: Brus
  
  === Heir to English Estate ===
  Heir to English Estate
  
  === !BIRTH-DEATH: The Plantagenet Connection ===
  !BIRTH-DEATH: The Plantagenet Connection, April 1994 !BIRTH-DEATH: "Royal Ancestors of Some American Families" by Michael Call from Earl Roberts by correspondense on Prodigy Gives year of birth as "abt 1126" and year of death as "1196"
  
  === Adam 1 De Brus ===
  Adam I de Brus
  in the UK and Ireland, Find a Grave Index, 1300s-Current
  
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  Name: Adam I de Brus
  Birth Place: County Durham, England
  Death Date: 20 Mar 1166
  Death Place: North Yorkshire, England
  Cemetery: Guisborough Priory
  Burial or Cremation Place: Guisborough, Redcar and Cleveland Unitary Authority, North Yorkshire, England
  Has Bio?: Y
  Father:
  Robert de Brus
  Mother:
  Agnes Bainard
  Children:
  Adam II de Brus
  URL:
  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/85708158/adam_i-de_brus
  
  About Adam de Brus, I, Lord of Skelton, Lord of Cleveland
  http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SCOTLAND.htm
  
  ADAM [I] de Brus, son of ROBERT [I] de Brus & his wife Agnes Paynell (-[20 Mar] [1143], bur Gysburne/Gisborough Priory). “Robertus de Brus” donated property to St Mary’s, York by charter dated to [1125/35], witnessed by “Ada filio meo, Petro de Brus…”[929]. “Robertus de Brus…Agnes uxor mea, filiusque noster Adam de Brus” donated property to Middlesburgh priory by undated charter[930]. “Robertus de Brus…et Agnes uxor mea et Adam filius noster” founded Gysburne/Gisborough Priory, Yorkshire by undated charter[931]. He succeeded his father in 1141 as Lord of Skelton. The manuscript history of the founders of Gysburne/Gisborough Priory records that “Adam de Bruse filius et hæres…Roberti patris sui” succeeded his father in 1141, died “1167 XIII Kal Apr…anno regni regis Henrici secundi…octavo” and was buried “apud Gysburghe”[932]. The year and the regnal year (indicating [1160/61]) in this passage are inconsistent. Assuming that it is correct that Adam’s widow married William de Roumare as her second husband, as suggested below, both these years must be incorrect and Adam [I] must have died in [1142/43], although the primary source (if any) which confirms that this date is correct has not yet been identified. This speculation all appears to be confirmed by the Chronicle of John Prior of Hexham which records the death of "Adam de Brus" in 1143[933]. It should be noted that the obituary of Gysburne/Gisborough priory records the death “XIII Kal Apr” of "Adæ de Brus Scdi"[934]. It is not known whether the obituary, or the manuscript history, reproduces the correct dates of death of Adam [I] and Adam [II].
  
  m ---. The name of Adam’s wife is not known. Secondary sources often indicate that she was Agnes d'Aumâle, widow of William de Roumare, daughter of Etienne de Blois Comte d'Aumâle & his wife Hawise de Mortimer. A manuscript history of the foundation of Melsa Abbey records that “Willielmus” had “sorores quatuor, filias Stephani” who married “una…vicedomino de Pynkeney, altera…vicedomino de Verberay, tertia…Bertanno de Brikebet, quarta Willielmo de Romare et postea Petro de Brus”[935]. The assumption is made that the manuscript history not only mistook "Petro" for "Adam", but also that it reversed the order of Agnes’s marriages: the birth date of Isabel, daughter of Adam [II] de Brus (son of Adam [I]), estimated to [1168/70] on the basis of her first marriage in [1180], suggests the likelihood that Adam [II] was born before 1143 (approximate date of Agnes’s marriage to William de Roumare) rather than after 1151 (date of death of William de Roumare). As a general principle, it appears preferable to find ways of confirming that a primary source is factually correct rather than justifying why it is in error. No other primary source has yet been identified which names Agnes as the wife of Adam, or as the mother of his children. In addition, as noted above, Peter [I] de Brus was named in a charter dated to [1155/65]. It is therefore possible that the manuscript history is factually correct and that Agnes d’Aumâle married Peter as her second husband, presumably as his second wife considering his likely age by that time. While waiting for other primary source information to emerge, this appears to be a safer interim conclusion compared with assuming that the manuscript history made two factual errors, relating to the name of Agnes’s Brus husband and to the order of her marriages. Another possibility is that the mother of Adam [II] de Brus was related to the Percy family, as suggested by the 1170/71 Pipe Roll which records "Ada de Brus" accounting for ".c. li. p hedibus Robt de Pci qs habuit I custod sua p habenda tra Ærnaldi auunculi eorum" in Yorkshire[936].
  
  Adam [I] de Brus & his wife had two children:
  
  1. --- de Brus (-before 1167). The existence of an older son who predeceased his father is confirmed by the manuscript history of the founders of Gysburne/Gisborough Priory which records that “Adam de Bruse secundus filius et hæres Adæ patris sui” succeeded his father[937].
  
  2. ADAM [II] de Brus (-[20 Mar or 11 Jul] [1196/1200], bur Gysburne/Gisborough Priory). The manuscript history of the founders of Gysburne/Gisborough Priory records that “Adam de Bruse secundus filius et hæres Adæ patris sui” succeeded his father, died “1180 V Id Jul” (incorrect year, see below) and was buried “apud Gysburghe”[938]. He succeeded his father as Lord of Skelton. - see below.
  
  ----------------------------------------------
  Adam I de Brus1,2 M, #12049, d. 1143
  
  Father Robert de Brus, Baron Skelton b. c 1078, d. May 1141 Mother Agnes de Paganell b. c 1088
  
  Adam I de Brus was born at of Skelton, Yorkshire, England. He married Agnes of Aumale, daughter of Stephen, Count Albemarle, Holderness, & d'Aumale and Hawise Mortimer; They had 2 sons (Adam; & William).2 Adam I de Brus died in 1143.2
  Family Agnes of Aumale Child ?Adam II de Brus, Baron Skelton+2 d. 20 Mar 1196
  
  Citations 1.[S247] Unknown author, Wallop Family, p. 146. 2.[S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. I, p. 213.
  
  http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p401.htm#i12049
  
  ===================
  Birth Date 1105 or 1099
  
  From GEN-MEDIEVAL-L Nov 18, 2008
  
  John P. Ravilious
  
  Adam de Brus
  
  ----------------------------------------
  
  Death:1143 2,1
  
  Occ:lord of Cleveland
  
  of Skelton and Danby in Cleveland, co. York
  
  Visitation of Yorkshire pedigree shows his death in 1167 8
  
  'Ada filio meo', witness to gift of father Robert of the manor of Appleton Wiske to St. Mary's, York ca. 1125-35 (EYC II: 1-2, cites Chartulary of St. Mary's)2
  
  previously identified by Farrer2 and others as 1st husband of Jueta de Arches2
  
  corrections and identification as husband of Agnes of Aumale by Ruth Blakely
  
  'The Bruses of Skelton and William of Aumale', Yorks Archeol. Jnl. (2001) 73:19-28.
  
  Spouse: Agnes of Aumale2
  
  Death: aft 11702
  
  Father: Stephen of Aumale (-ca1127)
  
  Mother: Hawise de Mortimer
  
  http://www.celtic-casimir.com/webtree/4/3542.htm
  
  view all 20
  Adam de Brus, I, Lord of Skelton, Lord of Cleveland's Timeline
  1105
  1105
  Birth of Adam de Brus, I, Lord of Skelton, Lord of C...
  Yorkshire, England
  1127
  1127
  Birth of Adam de Brus, Lord of Skelton
  Skelton, Yorkshire, England
  1143
  1143
  Age 38
  Death of Adam de Brus, I, Lord of Skelton, Lord of C...
  Yorkshire, England
  1932
  July 26, 1932
  Age 38
  
  baptised (LDS) on 7/26/1932
  July 26, 1932
  Age 38
  baptised (LDS) on 7/26/1932
  MT
  1933
  March 28, 1933
  Age 38
  endowed (LDS) on 3/28/1933
  April 27, 1933
  Age 38
  endowed (LDS) on 4/27/1933
  1964
  March 14, 1964
  Age 38
  baptised (LDS) on 3/14/1964
  April 25, 1964
  Age 38
  endowed (LDS) on 4/25/1964
  LONDO
  
  ADAM [I] de Brus, son of ROBERT [I] de Brus & his wife Agnes Paynell (-[20 Mar] [1143], bur Gysburne/Gisborough Priory). “Robertus de Brus” donated property to St Mary’s, York by charter dated to [1125/35], witnessed by “Ada filio meo, Petro de Brus…”[929]. “Robertus de Brus…Agnes uxor mea, filiusque noster Adam de Brus” donated property to Middlesburgh priory by undated charter[930]. “Robertus de Brus…et Agnes uxor mea et Adam filius noster” founded Gysburne/Gisborough Priory, Yorkshire by undated charter[931]. He succeeded his father in 1141 as Lord of Skelton. The manuscript history of the founders of Gysburne/Gisborough Priory records that “Adam de Bruse filius et hæres…Roberti patris sui” succeeded his father in 1141, died “1167 XIII Kal Apr…anno regni regis Henrici secundi…octavo” and was buried “apud Gysburghe”[932]. The year and the regnal year (indicating [1160/61]) in this passage are inconsistent. Assuming that it is correct that Adam’s widow married William de Roumare as her second husband, as suggested below, both these years must be incorrect and Adam [I] must have died in [1142/43], although the primary source (if any) which confirms that this date is correct has not yet been identified. This speculation all appears to be confirmed by the Chronicle of John Prior of Hexham which records the death of "Adam de Brus" in 1143[933]. It should be noted that the obituary of Gysburne/Gisborough priory records the death “XIII Kal Apr” of "Adæ de Brus Scdi"[934]. It is not known whether the obituary, or the manuscript history, reproduces the correct dates of death of Adam [I] and Adam [II].
  
  m ---. The name of Adam’s wife is not known. Secondary sources often indicate that she was Agnes d'Aumâle, widow of William de Roumare, daughter of Etienne de Blois Comte d'Aumâle & his wife Hawise de Mortimer. A manuscript history of the foundation of Melsa Abbey records that “Willielmus” had “sorores quatuor, filias Stephani” who married “una…vicedomino de Pynkeney, altera…vicedomino de Verberay, tertia…Bertanno de Brikebet, quarta Willielmo de Romare et postea Petro de Brus”[935]. The assumption is made that the manuscript history not only mistook "Petro" for "Adam", but also that it reversed the order of Agnes’s marriages: the birth date of Isabel, daughter of Adam [II] de Brus (son of Adam [I]), estimated to [1168/70] on the basis of her first marriage in [1180], suggests the likelihood that Adam [II] was born before 1143 (approximate date of Agnes’s marriage to William de Roumare
  
  === Adam Bruce was Guardian of Emma, widow ===
  !Adam Bruce was Guardian of Emma, widow of King Canute., and before that, of Aethelred the Redeless, King of England.
  
  === Succeeded to Skelton and his father's o ===
  Succeeded to Skelton and his father's other English lands, which continued in the family until 1271, when they were divided between the four sisters of Peter Bruce, Constable of Scarborough, who had died without issue

1. William Bruse, b. BEF 1196 in England     d. AFT 1269

1. Adam de Brus Lord of Skelton, b. ABT 1134 in Skelton, Yorkshire, England     d. 11 MAR 1196 in Skelton, Yorkshire, England

1. Title: THE BRUSES OF SKELTON AND ANNANDALE - Robert I de Brus to King Robert I
   Author: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/108772.pdf
   Publication: Name: https://www.familysearch.org/photos/artifacts/138428575;
   Note: Family tree detailing Robert de Brus I (died in 1142) to King Robert I Generation 1 = Brothers Robert I, William and Peter Generation 2 = Children of Robert and Agnes: Adam, Robert II, Agatha and Hugh Generation 3 = Children of Robert II and Euphemia: Robert III, William and Bernard Generation 4 = Children of William and Christina: Robert IV, John, William Generation 5 = Children of Robert IV and Isabel of Huntingdon: Robert V and Bernard Generation 6 = Children of Robert V and Isabel de Clare: Robert VI and Richard Generation 7 = Children of Robert V and Marjorie Countess of Carrick: King Robert I From: Durham E-Theses The Brus family in England and Scotland 1100-c.1290. Blakely, Ruth Margaret
   
2. Title: de Brus, of Durham and Yorkshire, England
   Publication: Name: http://www.fivenine.co.uk/local_history_notebook/marmaduke_de_thweng.htm;
   Note: Robert de Brus [a] b abt 1055, of Cave, Yorkshire, England. The identity of his wife is not known. Child of Robert de Brus was: Robert de Brus [b], Lord of Cleveland and Annandale, b abt 1082, of Skelton and Danby, Yorkshire, England, d 1142. The identity of his wife is not known. Children of Robert de Brus were: Adam de Brus b abt 1105. See LINE A Robert de Brus b abt 1108. See LINE B LINE A Adam I de Brus [c], Lord of Cleveland, b abt 1105, of Skelton, Yorkshire, England, d 1143, Skelton, Yorkshire, England. He md Agnes of Aumale abt 1128, daughter of Stephen of Aumale, Count of Aumale, Earl of Holderness, and Hawise de Mortimer. Child of Adam I de Brus and Agnes of Aumale was: Adam II de Brus, Lord of Skelton, b 1134, prob Skelton, Yorkshire, England, d 1196, Skelton, Yorkshire, England. He md Juetta de Arches abt 1170, daughter of William de Arches [d]. She was b abt 1138, of Thorpe Arch, Yorkshire, England, d 1206, of Skelton, Yorkshire, England. Children of Adam II de Brus and Juetta de Arches were: Sir Peter I de Brus, Lord of Skelton and Danby, b abt 1172. Isabel de Brus b abt 1174, Skelton, Yorkshire, England, d aft 1230. She md Sir Henry de Percy, Knight, abt 1188, Cleveland, Yorkshire, England, son of Sir Jocelin of Louvain, Knight, and Agnes de Percy. Sir Peter I de Brus, Lord of Skelton and Danby, b abt 1172, Skelton, Yorkshire, England, d 12 Feb 1222. He md Joan le Grammaire abt 1192, prob Yorkshire, daughter of Richard le Grammaire. She was b abt 1176, Yorkshire, England. Children of Peter I de Brus and Joan Le Grammaire were: Sir Peter II de Brus, Lord of Skelton, b abt 1196. Agnes de Brus b abt 1198; md William de Lancaster. Sir Peter II de Brus, Lord of Skelton, b abt 1196, d bef 1247. He md Hawise/Helwise de Lancaster abt 1220, daughter of Gilbert Fitz Roger Fitz Reinfrid and Hawise/Helwise de Lancaster. Children of Peter II de Brus and Hawise/Helwise de Lancaster were: Agnes de Brus b abt 1224, Skelton, Yorkshire, England, d May 1280. She md Sir Walter de Faucomberge abt 1238, son of Sir Peter de Faucomberge and Margaret de Montfitchet. Peter III de Brus b abt 1226, Skelton, Yorkshire, England, d.s.p. 18 Sep 1272; md Isabel de Mauley. Lucy de Brus b abt 1228, Skelton, Yorkshire, England, d aft Apr 1282. She md Sir Marmaduke de Thweng, Lord of Kilton Castle, abt 1242, son of Robert de Thweng and Maud de Kilton. Margaret de Brus b abt 1240, Skelton, Yorkshire, England, d bef 30 Jan 1306/07. She md Robert de Ros abt 1264, son of Sir Robert de Ros and Christian Bertram. Laderina de Brus b abt 1242, Skelton, Yorkshire, England. She md John de Bellew abt 1255. Their daughter, Sibyl/Isabel de Bellew md Sir Miles de Stapleton abt 1285. LINE B Robert de Brus, Lord of Annandale, b abt 1108, d 1141. He md Agnes abt 1126. She was b abt 1110. Children of Robert de Brus and Agnes were: Agatha de Brus b abt 1128. She md Sir Ralph Taillebois, Lord of Middleham, abt 1142, son of Ribald and Beatrice Taillebois. Robert de Brus, Lord of Annandale, b abt 1132. Robert de Brus, Lord of Annandale, b abt 1132, of Hartlepool, Durham, England, d 1189. He md Euphemia of Aumale [e] abt 1154. She was b abt 1138. Children of Robert de Brus and Euphemia of Aumale were: Robert de Brus b abt 1156, d abt 1190, d.s.p., md Isabel of Scotland. William de Brus, Lord of Annandale, b abt 1158, d bef 26 Jun 1215. Bernard de Brus b abt 1160. William de Brus, Lord of Annandale, b abt 1158, of Hartlepool, Durham, England, d bef 26 Jun 1215. He md Christian/Christina le Stewart [f] abt 1178, daughter of Sir Walter Fitz Alan, "Le Steward", High Steward of Scotland, and Eschina de Molle. Children of William de Brus and Christian/Christina le Stewart were: Robert de Brus [g], Lord of Annandale, b abt 1184, of Hartlepool, Durham, England, d 1245; md Isabel of Huntingdon. Euphemia de Brus [h] b abt 1195, d abt 1267. She md Patrick de Dunbar, Earl of Dunbar, on or bef 1213, son of Patrick de Dunbar, Earl of Dunbar, and Ada. NOTES: a. Recent findings indicate that the traditional decent of this family, as depicted in Scots Peerage is somewhat incorrect. The earliest identified member, Robert de Brus, appears in only one early charter in Yorkshire in which Robert de Brus was granted a part of North Cave, dated shortly after 1086. The Brus family originated in Normandy, probably in Brix, and the name is recorded as Bruiss, Brussee, etc. Despite some arguments that the Braose and Brus families share a common origin, there is absolutely no evidence to support this fabrication. b. He was granted Skelton in Yorkshire, by King Henry I in 1106, and had a charter from King of Scots, David I, for Annandale ca. 1124. In 1138, shortly before the Battle of the Standard, he renounced his allegiance to Scotland and resigned his lands to his younger son, Robert. c. Questions have arisen as to Agnes of Aumale as wife of Adam II de Brus. According to Douglas Richardson, the chronology simply does not work. Subsequently, Keats-Rohan's Domesday Descendants has reported that it was Adam I de Brus who married Agnes of Aumale (as her first husband), and their son, Adam II married Juetta de Arches-a reversal of the marriages which have long been attributed to the elder Adam and his son. A study of the dates seems to support this in every known aspect. For a full discussion of the dates and evidence in support of this, see the posts of Rosie Bevan and Richard Borthwick on soc.genealogy.medieval. d. William de Arches was the son of one Osbern de Arches, a Domesday tenant-in-chief for Licolnshire and Yorkshire, who died bef 1118. e. She has been identified as a niece of William, Count of Aumale, according to Keats-Rohan, who states she was "perhaps" a daughter of William's brother, Ingelran, they being sons of Stephen, Count of Aumale. While Hawise de Mortimer was the mother of William, John Ravilious believes Ingelram may have been an illegitimate son of Stephen, citing the later dispute over the Aumale estate in 1274..."if Ingelran de Aumale was ancestor of the Bruce family of Annandale AND was a legitimate son of William, Count of Aumale, by Hawise de Mortimer, presumably a claim would have been entered by Robert de Brus, Lord of Annandale (competitor for the Scots crown and grandfather of Robert the Bruce, King of Scots)." f. Christian/Christina was recently identified by noted Scots genealogist Andrew B.W. MacEwen to be the daughter of Walter Fitz Alan, High Steward of Scotland. g. Founded the Scottish branch of the de Brus family, being great-grandfather of King Robert I the Bruce (1274-1329). h. While reported in Scots Peerage and adopted also in The Complete Peerage to have been Euphemia, daughter of Walter Fitz Alan, High Steward of Scotland, many genealogists had questioned the chronology. Noted Scots genealogist Andrew B.W. MacEwen recently uncovered definitive evidence that she was the daughter of William de Brus. See soc.genealogy.medieval for numerous postings regarding this discovery. SOURCES: CP Vol V[268], Vol XI[120-121], Vol XII/1[262-263] Vol XII/1[738-739]; AR: Line 88[28-29], Line 136[25-27], Line 161[25]; SGM: Rosie Bevan, Richard Borthwick [ref: Keats-Rohan's Domesday Descendants], Jared Olar [ref: Scots Peerage], John Ravilious.